Index: /branches/eam_branch_20070830/psModules/src/config/pmConfigCamera.c
===================================================================
--- /branches/eam_branch_20070830/psModules/src/config/pmConfigCamera.c	(revision 14729)
+++ /branches/eam_branch_20070830/psModules/src/config/pmConfigCamera.c	(revision 14729)
@@ -0,0 +1,849 @@
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <strings.h>            /* for strn?casecmp */
+#include <pslib.h>
+
+#include "pmHDU.h"
+#include "pmFPA.h"
+#include "pmFPALevel.h"
+#include "pmVersion.h"
+#include "pmConcepts.h"
+#include "pmConfigCamera.h"
+
+#define TABLE_OF_CONTENTS "CONTENTS"    // Name for camera format metadata containing the contents
+#define CHIP_TYPES "CHIPS"              // Name for camera format metadata containing the chip types
+#define CELL_TYPES "CELLS"              // Name for camera format metadata containing the cell types
+
+// local helper functions defined below
+static void removeCellConceptsSources(psMetadata *source);
+static void removeChipConceptsSources(psMetadata *source);
+
+// Generate the skycell version of a named camera configuration
+bool pmConfigCameraSkycellVersion(psMetadata *site, // The site configuration
+                                  const char *name // Name of the un-mosaicked camera
+                                  )
+{
+    PS_ASSERT_METADATA_NON_NULL(site, false);
+    PS_ASSERT_STRING_NON_EMPTY(name, false);
+
+    bool mdok;                          // Status of MD lookup
+    psMetadata *cameras = psMetadataLookupMetadata(&mdok, site, "CAMERAS"); // List of cameras
+    if (!mdok || !cameras) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, true, "Unable to find CAMERAS in the site configuration.\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!pmConfigGenerateSkycellVersion(cameras, cameras, name, site)) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Failed to build skycell camera description for %s\n", name);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool pmConfigCameraSkycellVersionsAll(psMetadata *site)
+{
+    PS_ASSERT_METADATA_NON_NULL(site, false);
+
+    bool mdok;                          // Status of MD lookup
+    psMetadata *cameras = psMetadataLookupMetadata(&mdok, site, "CAMERAS"); // List of cameras
+    if (!mdok || !cameras) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, true, "Unable to find CAMERAS in the site configuration.\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    psMetadataIterator *camerasIter = psMetadataIteratorAlloc(cameras, PS_LIST_HEAD, NULL); // Iterator
+    psMetadataItem *camerasItem = NULL; // Item from iteration
+    psMetadata *new = psMetadataAlloc();// New cameras to add
+    while ((camerasItem = psMetadataGetAndIncrement(camerasIter))) {
+        assert(camerasItem->type == PS_DATA_METADATA); // Only metadata are allowed here!
+        if (!pmConfigGenerateSkycellVersion(cameras, new, camerasItem->name, site)) {
+            psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Failed to build skycell camera description for %s\n",
+                    camerasItem->name);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    psFree(camerasIter);
+
+    // Now put the new cameras at the top of the list of cameras, so they get recognised first
+    // Note: going from the top, and putting everything to the top as we get there, so that the last one on
+    // goes to the top.  This preserves the original order of the cameras, putting the skycell versions
+    // before the originals.
+    camerasIter = psMetadataIteratorAlloc(new, PS_LIST_HEAD, NULL); // Iterator
+    while ((camerasItem = psMetadataGetAndIncrement(camerasIter))) {
+        psMetadataAddItem(cameras, camerasItem, PS_LIST_HEAD, 0);
+    }
+    psFree(camerasIter);
+    psFree(new);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Don't update these skycell concepts; last one MUST be 0 (i.e., NULL).
+const static char *skycellConceptsCell[] = { "CELL.BIASSEC", "CELL.TRIMSEC", "CELL.READDIR", "CELL.XPARITY",
+                                             "CELL.YPARITY", "CELL.XWINDOW", "CELL.YWINDOW", "CELL.X0",
+                                             "CELL.Y0", "CELL.XSIZE", "CELL.YSIZE", 0 };
+const static char *skycellConceptsChip[] = { "CHIP.XPARITY", "CHIP.YPARITY", "CHIP.XSIZE", "CHIP.YSIZE", 0 };
+const static char *skycellConceptsFPA[] = { 0 };
+
+// What do we call the skycell concept in the FITS header?
+static const char *skycellConceptName(const char *name, // Name of concept
+                                      const char **concepts, // List of concepts NOT to update
+                                      const psMetadata *site // Site configuration
+                                      )
+{
+    for (int i = 0; concepts[i]; i++) {
+        if (strcmp(name, concepts[i]) == 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!site) {
+        return name;
+    }
+    bool mdok;                          // Status of MD lookup
+    psMetadata *skycells = psMetadataLookupMetadata(&mdok, site, "SKYCELLS"); // Skycell concept headers
+    if (!skycells) {
+        return name;
+    }
+    const char *keyword = psMetadataLookupStr(&mdok, skycells, name); // Keyword to use for this concept
+    if (!mdok || !keyword || strlen(keyword) == 0) {
+        return name;
+    }
+    return keyword;
+}
+
+
+// Generate a skycell version of a camera configuration
+bool pmConfigGenerateSkycellVersion(psMetadata *oldCameras, // Old list of camera configurations
+                                    psMetadata *newCameras, // New list of camera configurations
+                                    const char *name, // Name of original camera configuration
+                                    const psMetadata *site // Site configuration
+                                    )
+{
+    assert(oldCameras);
+    assert(newCameras);
+    assert(name);
+
+    // See if the old one is there
+    psMetadata *camera = psMetadataLookupMetadata(NULL, oldCameras, name); // The camera configuration
+    if (!camera) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Can't find camera to be skycelled in camera list.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // See if the new one is already there
+    psString newName = NULL;       // Name of skycelled camera
+    psStringAppend(&newName, "_%s-SKYCELL", name);
+    if (psMetadataLookup(oldCameras, newName)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    psMetadata *new = psMetadataCopy(NULL, camera); // Copy of the camera description
+
+    // Fix the FPA description to contain a single chip with single cell
+    {
+        psMetadata *fpa = psMetadataAlloc();// The FPA description
+        psMetadataAddStr(fpa, PS_LIST_HEAD, "SkyChip", 0, "Single chip with single cell", "SkyCell");
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(new, PS_LIST_TAIL, "FPA", PS_META_REPLACE, "Description of FPA hierarchy", fpa);
+        psFree(fpa);
+    }
+
+    // Clear out the formats, replace them with the One True Format
+    psMetadata *formats = psMetadataLookupMetadata(NULL, new, "FORMATS"); // The list of formats
+    if (!formats) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Can't find FORMATS within camera configuration.");
+        psFree(new);
+        return false;
+    }
+    while (psListLength(formats->list) > 0) {
+        psMetadataRemoveIndex(formats, PS_LIST_HEAD);
+    }
+    psMetadata *format = psMetadataAlloc(); // The One True Format
+
+    {
+        psMetadata *rule = psMetadataAlloc(); // The RULE --- how to recognise the camera
+        psMetadataAddStr(rule, PS_LIST_TAIL, "PSCAMERA", 0, "Camera name", name);
+        psMetadataAddStr(rule, PS_LIST_TAIL, "PSFORMAT", 0, "Camera format", "SKYCELL");
+        psString version = psModulesVersion();
+        psMetadataAddStr(rule, PS_LIST_TAIL, "ORIGIN", 0, "File origin", version);
+        psFree(version);
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, "RULE", 0, "How to recognise this type of file", rule);
+        psFree(rule);
+    }
+
+    {
+        psMetadata *file = psMetadataAlloc(); // The FILE --- how to read the data
+        psMetadataAddStr(file, PS_LIST_TAIL, "PHU", 0, "What level the FITS file represents", "FPA");
+        psMetadataAddStr(file, PS_LIST_TAIL, "EXTENSIONS", 0, "What level the extensions represent", "NONE");
+        psMetadataAddStr(file, PS_LIST_TAIL, "FPA.NAME", 0, "PHU keyword for unique identifier", "FPA.NAME");
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, "FILE", 0, "How to read this type of file", file);
+        psFree(file);
+    }
+
+    psMetadataAddStr(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CONTENTS", 0, "What's in this type of file",
+                     "SkyChip:SkyCell:_skycell");
+
+    {
+        psMetadata *cells = psMetadataAlloc(); // The CELLS --- how to read the cells
+        psMetadata *skycell = psMetadataAlloc(); // How to read the skycell
+        psMetadataAddStr(skycell, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.TRIMSEC", 0, "Trim section", "CELL.TRIMSEC");
+        psMetadataAddStr(skycell, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.BIASSEC", 0, "Bias section", "CELL.BIASSEC");
+        psMetadataAddStr(skycell, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.TRIMSEC.SOURCE", 0, "Source for trim section",
+                         "HEADER");
+        psMetadataAddStr(skycell, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.BIASSEC.SOURCE", 0, "Source for bias section",
+                         "HEADER");
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(cells, PS_LIST_TAIL, "_skycell", 0, "Skycell specification", skycell);
+        psFree(skycell);
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELLS", 0, "How to read the cells", cells);
+        psFree(cells);
+    }
+
+    // Stuffing all concepts into the header, by their PS concept name (e.g., "FPA.AIRMASS").
+    // (HIERARCH will take care of the long names, implemented in psLib.)
+    // Some people may not like this, but it's quick and easy and will do for now.
+    // An alternative may be provided later.
+    {
+        psMetadata *translation = psMetadataAlloc(); // The TRANSLATION --- how to read the FITS headers
+
+        psList *concepts;               // List of concepts for each level
+        psListIterator *iter;           // Iterator for concepts
+        psString name;                  // Concept name, from iteration
+
+        concepts = pmConceptsList(PM_FPA_LEVEL_FPA); // FPA-level concepts
+        iter = psListIteratorAlloc(concepts, PS_LIST_HEAD, false);
+        while ((name = psListGetAndIncrement(iter))) {
+            const char *new = skycellConceptName(name, skycellConceptsFPA, site); // Name for skycell
+            if (new) {
+                psMetadataAddStr(translation, PS_LIST_TAIL, name, 0, NULL, new);
+            }
+        }
+        psFree(iter);
+        psFree(concepts);
+
+        concepts = pmConceptsList(PM_FPA_LEVEL_CHIP);
+        iter = psListIteratorAlloc(concepts, PS_LIST_HEAD, false);
+        while ((name = psListGetAndIncrement(iter))) {
+            const char *new = skycellConceptName(name, skycellConceptsChip, site); // Name for skycell
+            if (new) {
+                psMetadataAddStr(translation, PS_LIST_TAIL, name, 0, NULL, new);
+            }
+        }
+        psFree(iter);
+        psFree(concepts);
+
+        concepts = pmConceptsList(PM_FPA_LEVEL_CELL);
+        iter = psListIteratorAlloc(concepts, PS_LIST_HEAD, false);
+        while ((name = psListGetAndIncrement(iter))) {
+            const char *new = skycellConceptName(name, skycellConceptsCell, site); // Name for skycell
+            if (new) {
+                psMetadataAddStr(translation, PS_LIST_TAIL, name, 0, NULL, new);
+            }
+        }
+        psFree(iter);
+        psFree(concepts);
+
+        psMetadataAddStr(translation, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.XSIZE", 0, NULL, "NAXIS1");
+        psMetadataAddStr(translation, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.YSIZE", 0, NULL, "NAXIS2");
+        psMetadataAddStr(translation, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.XWINDOW", 0, NULL, "NAXIS1");
+        psMetadataAddStr(translation, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.YWINDOW", 0, NULL, "NAXIS2");
+        psMetadataAddStr(translation, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.XSIZE", 0, NULL, "NAXIS1");
+        psMetadataAddStr(translation, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.YSIZE", 0, NULL, "NAXIS2");
+
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, "TRANSLATION", 0, "How to translate the FITS headers",
+                              translation);
+        psFree(translation);
+    }
+
+    {
+        psMetadata *defaults = psMetadataAlloc(); // Default values for concepts
+
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.XPARITY", 0, NULL, 1);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.YPARITY", 0, NULL, 1);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.XPARITY", 0, NULL, 1);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.YPARITY", 0, NULL, 1);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.Y0", 0, NULL, 0);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.X0", 0, NULL, 0);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.Y0", 0, NULL, 0);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.X0", 0, NULL, 0);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.READDIR", 0, "Read direction (rows)", 1);
+
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, "DEFAULTS", 0, "Default values for concepts", defaults);
+        psFree(defaults);
+
+    }
+
+    {
+        psMetadata *database = psMetadataAlloc(); // Database values for concepts
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, "DATABASE", 0, "Database values for concepts", database);
+        psFree(database);
+    }
+
+    {
+        psMetadata *conceptFormats = psMetadataAlloc(); // Format peculiarities for various concepts
+        // These are the only essential formats
+        psMetadataAddStr(conceptFormats, PS_LIST_TAIL, "FPA.RA", 0, "Units for RA", "HOURS");
+        psMetadataAddStr(conceptFormats, PS_LIST_TAIL, "FPA.DEC", 0, "Units for RA", "DEGREES");
+        psMetadataAddStr(conceptFormats, PS_LIST_TAIL, "FPA.TIME", 0, "Format for time", "MJD");
+        psMetadataAddStr(conceptFormats, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.TIME", 0, "Format for time", "MJD");
+
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, "FORMATS", 0, "Formats for various concepts",
+                              conceptFormats);
+        psFree(conceptFormats);
+    }
+
+    psMetadataAddMetadata(formats, PS_LIST_TAIL, "SKYCELL", 0, "The One True Format for skycells", format);
+    psFree(format);
+
+    // New camera MUST go to the head of the metadata, so that it will be recognised first
+    // The old camera doesn't contain the PSCAMERA and PSFORMAT headers, so it will match anything!
+    psMetadataAddMetadata(newCameras, PS_LIST_HEAD, newName, PS_META_REPLACE,
+                          "Automatically generated", new);
+    psFree(newName);
+    psFree(new);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Generate the Chip and FPA mosaicked version of a named camera configuration
+bool pmConfigCameraMosaickedVersions(psMetadata *site, // The site configuration
+                                     const char *name // Name of the un-mosaicked camera
+                                    )
+{
+    PS_ASSERT_METADATA_NON_NULL(site, false);
+    PS_ASSERT_STRING_NON_EMPTY(name, false);
+
+    bool mdok;                          // Status of MD lookup
+    psMetadata *cameras = psMetadataLookupMetadata(&mdok, site, "CAMERAS"); // List of cameras
+    if (!mdok || !cameras) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, true, "Unable to find CAMERAS in the site configuration.\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!pmConfigGenerateMosaickedVersion(cameras, cameras, name, PM_FPA_LEVEL_CHIP)) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Failed to build Chip mosaic camera description for %s\n", name);
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!pmConfigGenerateMosaickedVersion(cameras, cameras, name, PM_FPA_LEVEL_FPA)) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Failed to build FPA mosaic camera description for %s\n", name);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// the operation putting the new entries first is now implemented in pmConfigGenerateMosaickedVersion
+// Generate the Chip and FPA mosaicked version of a named camera configuration
+bool pmConfigCameraMosaickedVersionsAll(psMetadata *site)
+{
+    PS_ASSERT_METADATA_NON_NULL(site, false);
+
+    bool mdok;                          // Status of MD lookup
+    psMetadata *cameras = psMetadataLookupMetadata(&mdok, site, "CAMERAS"); // List of cameras
+    if (!mdok || !cameras) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, true, "Unable to find CAMERAS in the site configuration.\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    psMetadataIterator *camerasIter = psMetadataIteratorAlloc(cameras, PS_LIST_HEAD, NULL); // Iterator
+    psMetadataItem *camerasItem = NULL; // Item from iteration
+    psMetadata *new = psMetadataAlloc();// New cameras to add
+    while ((camerasItem = psMetadataGetAndIncrement(camerasIter))) {
+        assert(camerasItem->type == PS_DATA_METADATA); // Only metadata are allowed here!
+        if (!pmConfigGenerateMosaickedVersion(cameras, new, camerasItem->name, PM_FPA_LEVEL_CHIP)) {
+            psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Failed to build Chip mosaic camera description for %s\n", camerasItem->name);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!pmConfigGenerateMosaickedVersion(cameras, new, camerasItem->name, PM_FPA_LEVEL_FPA)) {
+            psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Failed to build FPA mosaic camera description for %s\n", camerasItem->name);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    psFree(camerasIter);
+
+    // Now put the new cameras at the top of the list of cameras, so they get recognised first
+    // Note: going from the top, and putting everything to the top as we get there, so that the last one on
+    // goes to the top.  This preserves the original order of the cameras, putting the mosaicked versions
+    // before the originals.
+    camerasIter = psMetadataIteratorAlloc(new, PS_LIST_HEAD, NULL); // Iterator
+    while ((camerasItem = psMetadataGetAndIncrement(camerasIter))) {
+        psMetadataAddItem(cameras, camerasItem, PS_LIST_HEAD, 0);
+    }
+    psFree(camerasIter);
+    psFree(new);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Generate a mosaicked version of a camera configuration
+bool pmConfigGenerateMosaickedVersion(psMetadata *oldCameras, // Old list of camera configurations
+                                      psMetadata *newCameras, // New list of camera configurations
+                                      const char *name, // Name of original camera configuration
+                                      pmFPALevel mosaicLevel // Level to which we are mosaicking
+    )
+{
+    assert(oldCameras);
+    assert(newCameras);
+    assert(name);
+    assert(mosaicLevel == PM_FPA_LEVEL_CHIP || mosaicLevel == PM_FPA_LEVEL_FPA);
+
+    // Don't generate a mosaicked version of a skycell
+    if (name[0] == '_' && strlen(name) > 9 && strcmp(name + strlen(name) - 8, "-SKYCELL") == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // See if the old one is there
+    psMetadata *camera = psMetadataLookupMetadata(NULL, oldCameras, name); // The camera configuration
+    if (!camera) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Can't find camera to be mosaicked in camera list.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // See if the new one is already there
+    psString newName = NULL;       // Name of mosaicked camera
+    psStringAppend(&newName, "_%s-%s", name, mosaicLevel == PM_FPA_LEVEL_CHIP ? "CHIP" : "FPA");
+    if (psMetadataLookup(oldCameras, newName)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    psMetadata *new = psMetadataCopy(NULL, camera); // Copy of the camera description
+    bool mdok;                          // Status of MD lookups
+
+    // ** Fix up the contents of the FPA description to match the mosaicked camera **
+    // select the FPA description
+    psMetadata *fpa = psMetadataLookupMetadata(NULL, new, "FPA"); // FPA in the camera configuration
+    if (!fpa) {
+        psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Can't find FPA within camera configuration.");
+        psFree(new);
+        return false;
+    }
+    switch (mosaicLevel) {
+        // For CHIP mosaic, replace the contents of each chip with a single cell
+      case PM_FPA_LEVEL_CHIP: {
+          psMetadataIterator *fpaIter = psMetadataIteratorAlloc(fpa, PS_LIST_HEAD, NULL); // Iterator
+          psMetadataItem *fpaItem = NULL;     // Item from iteration
+          while ((fpaItem = psMetadataGetAndIncrement(fpaIter))) {
+              if (fpaItem->type != PS_DATA_STRING) {
+                  psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Element %s within FPA in camera configuration is not of type STR.",
+                            fpaItem->name);
+                  psFree(new);
+                  return false;
+              }
+
+              psFree(fpaItem->data.str);
+              fpaItem->data.str = psStringCopy("MosaickedCell");
+              psFree(fpaItem->comment);
+              fpaItem->comment = psStringCopy("Mosaicked cell; automatically generated");
+          }
+          psFree(fpaIter);
+          break;
+      }
+        // For FPA mosaic, replace the contents of the FPA with a single chip containing a single cell
+      case PM_FPA_LEVEL_FPA: {
+          while (psListLength(fpa->list) > 0) {
+              psMetadataRemoveIndex(fpa, PS_LIST_TAIL);
+          }
+
+          psMetadataAddStr(fpa, PS_LIST_HEAD, "MosaickedChip", 0,
+                           "Mosaicked chip with mosaicked cell; automatically generated",
+                           "MosaickedCell");
+          break;
+      }
+    default:
+        psAbort("Should never get here.\n");
+    }
+
+    // ** Update the camera formats : add a new (mosaicked) format for each existing camera format **
+    // select the list of all camera formats
+    psMetadata *formats = psMetadataLookupMetadata(NULL, new, "FORMATS"); // FORMATS in the configuration
+    assert(formats);            // It had better be there --- we've already read them in
+    // loop over each of the formats
+    psMetadataIterator *formatsIter = psMetadataIteratorAlloc(formats, PS_LIST_HEAD, NULL); // Iterator
+    psMetadataItem *formatsItem = NULL; // Item from iteration
+    while ((formatsItem = psMetadataGetAndIncrement(formatsIter))) {
+        assert(formatsItem->type == PS_DATA_METADATA); // We should have read it by now!
+        psMetadata *format = formatsItem->data.V; // The camera format
+
+        // Add a new RULE which uniquely describes the mosaicked format.  this is needed so
+        // that when a mosaic is written to a FITS file, it can be recognised again when read.
+        psMetadata *rule = psMetadataLookupMetadata(NULL, format, "RULE"); // Way to identify format from PHU
+        if (!rule) {
+            // a camera format without a rule is not allowed.
+            psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "Camera format %s has no RULE", formatsItem->name);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // the new rule is supplemented by the mosaicLevel
+        switch (mosaicLevel) {
+        case PM_FPA_LEVEL_CHIP:
+            psMetadataAddStr(rule, PS_LIST_TAIL, "PSMOSAIC", 0, "Mosaicked level", "CHIP");
+            break;
+        case PM_FPA_LEVEL_FPA:
+            psMetadataAddStr(rule, PS_LIST_TAIL, "PSMOSAIC", 0, "Mosaicked level", "FPA");
+            break;
+        default:
+            psAbort("Should never get here.\n");
+        }
+
+        // Fix the FILE information: need to fix the levels for the PHU and EXTENSIONS.
+        // both of these elements are required in the format; we raise an error if they are not found
+        // If EXTENSIONS is NONE, then we need to change the CONTENT specifier to point to the chip name.
+        psMetadata *file = psMetadataLookupMetadata(NULL, format, "FILE"); // File information
+        if (!file) {
+            psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "Camera format %s has no FILE", formatsItem->name);
+            return false;
+        }
+        psMetadataItem *phuItem = psMetadataLookup(file, "PHU"); // PHU level
+        if (!phuItem || phuItem->type != PS_DATA_STRING) {
+            psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "Camera format %s is missing PHU in the FILE information", formatsItem->name);
+            return false;
+        }
+        psMetadataItem *extensionsItem = psMetadataLookup(file, "EXTENSIONS"); // Extensions level
+        if (!extensionsItem || extensionsItem->type != PS_DATA_STRING) {
+            psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "Camera format %s is missing EXTENSIONS in the FILE information", formatsItem->name);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // mosaicLevel == CHIP:
+        // Case    PHU     EXTENSIONS     Modifications
+        // ====    ===     ==========     ===========
+        // 1.      FPA     CHIP           NONE
+        // 2.      FPA     CELL           EXT->CHIP
+        // 3.      FPA     NONE           NONE
+        // 4.      CHIP    CELL           EXT->NONE
+        // 5.      CHIP    NONE           NONE
+        // 6.      CELL    NONE           PHU->CHIP
+        // possible outcomes:
+        //         FPA     CHIP
+        //         FPA     NONE
+        //         CHIP    NONE
+
+        // mosaicLevel == FPA:
+        // Case    PHU     EXTENSIONS     Modifications
+        // ====    ===     ==========     ===========
+        // 1.      FPA     CHIP           EXT->NONE
+        // 2.      FPA     CELL           EXT->NONE
+        // 3.      FPA     NONE           NONE
+        // 4.      CHIP    CELL           PHU->FPA, EXT->NONE
+        // 5.      CHIP    NONE           PHU->FPA
+        // 6.      CELL    NONE           PHU->FPA
+        // possible outcomes:
+        //         FPA     NONE
+
+        // modify the values of phuItem and extensionsItem
+        switch (mosaicLevel) {
+          case PM_FPA_LEVEL_CHIP:
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "FPA") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "CHIP")) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "FPA") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "CELL")) {
+                psFree(extensionsItem->data.str);
+                extensionsItem->data.str = psStringCopy("CHIP");
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "FPA") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "NONE")) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "CHIP") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "CELL")) {
+                psFree(extensionsItem->data.str);
+                extensionsItem->data.str = psStringCopy("NONE");
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "CHIP") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "NONE")) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "CELL") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "NONE")) {
+                psFree(phuItem->data.str);
+                phuItem->data.str = psStringCopy("CHIP");
+                break;
+            }
+            psAbort ("should not reach here");
+
+          case PM_FPA_LEVEL_FPA:
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "FPA") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "CHIP")) {
+                psFree(extensionsItem->data.str);
+                extensionsItem->data.str = psStringCopy("NONE");
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "FPA") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "CELL")) {
+                psFree(extensionsItem->data.str);
+                extensionsItem->data.str = psStringCopy("NONE");
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "FPA") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "NONE")) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "CHIP") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "CELL")) {
+                psFree(phuItem->data.str);
+                phuItem->data.str = psStringCopy("FPA");
+                psFree(extensionsItem->data.str);
+                extensionsItem->data.str = psStringCopy("NONE");
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "CHIP") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "NONE")) {
+                psFree(phuItem->data.str);
+                phuItem->data.str = psStringCopy("FPA");
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "CELL") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "NONE")) {
+                psFree(phuItem->data.str);
+                phuItem->data.str = psStringCopy("FPA");
+                break;
+            }
+            psAbort ("should not reach here");
+
+          default:
+            psAbort("Should never get here.\n");
+        }
+
+#if 0
+        // XXXX when do I need to adjust the value of CONTENT, CELL.NAME, CHIP.NAME?
+
+        // Don't need a "CONTENT" to identify the content!
+        if (psMetadataLookup(file, "CONTENT")) {
+            psMetadataRemoveKey(file, "CONTENT");
+        }
+        psMetadataAddStr(file, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CONTENT", PS_META_REPLACE, "Key to CONTENTS menu",
+                         "{CHIP.NAME}");
+        // Don't need CELL.NAME for chip-mosaicked camera
+        if (psMetadataLookup(file, "CELL.NAME")) {
+            psMetadataRemoveKey(file, "CELL.NAME");
+        }
+        // Don't need CHIP.NAME or CELL.NAME for fpa-mosaicked camera
+        if (psMetadataLookup(file, "CHIP.NAME")) {
+            psMetadataRemoveKey(file, "CHIP.NAME");
+        }
+        if (psMetadataLookup(file, "CELL.NAME")) {
+            psMetadataRemoveKey(file, "CELL.NAME");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        // Fix up the CONTENTS to contain only the mosaicked cell for each chip
+        switch (mosaicLevel) {
+          case PM_FPA_LEVEL_FPA:
+            psMetadataAddStr(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, TABLE_OF_CONTENTS, PS_META_REPLACE, NULL,
+                             "MosaickedChip:MosaickedCell:_mosaic");
+            break;
+          case PM_FPA_LEVEL_CHIP:
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "FPA") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "CHIP")) {
+                // ensure the value of CONTENT in the FILE section has the right value
+                psMetadataAddStr(file, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CONTENT", PS_META_REPLACE, "Key to CONTENTS menu", "{CHIP.NAME}");
+
+                // List the chipName:chipType for each chip.
+                psMetadata *contents = psMetadataAlloc(); // List of contents, with chipName:chipType
+
+                psMetadataIterator *fpaIter = psMetadataIteratorAlloc(fpa, PS_LIST_HEAD, NULL); // Iteratr
+                psMetadataItem *fpaItem;    // Item from iteration
+                while ((fpaItem = psMetadataGetAndIncrement(fpaIter))) {
+                    assert (fpaItem->type == PS_DATA_STRING);
+                    psString content = NULL; // Content to add
+                    psStringAppend(&content, "%s:_mosaicChip ", fpaItem->name);
+                    psMetadataAddStr(contents, PS_LIST_TAIL, fpaItem->name, 0, NULL, content);
+                    psFree(content);
+                }
+                psFree(fpaIter);
+                psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, TABLE_OF_CONTENTS, PS_META_REPLACE,
+                                      "List of contents", contents);
+                psFree(contents);
+
+                psMetadata *chips = psMetadataAlloc(); // List of chip types, with cellName:cellType
+                psMetadataAddStr(chips, PS_LIST_TAIL, "_mosaicChip", 0, NULL,
+                                 "MosaickedCell:_mosaic");
+                psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, CHIP_TYPES, PS_META_REPLACE,
+                                      "List of chip types", chips);
+                psFree(chips);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "FPA") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "NONE")) {
+                // List the contents on a single line
+                psString contentsLine = NULL; // Contents of the PHU
+                psMetadataIterator *fpaIter = psMetadataIteratorAlloc(fpa, PS_LIST_HEAD, NULL); // Iteratr
+                psMetadataItem *fpaItem;    // Item from iteration
+                while ((fpaItem = psMetadataGetAndIncrement(fpaIter))) {
+                    assert (fpaItem->type == PS_DATA_STRING);
+                    psStringAppend(&contentsLine, "%s:MosaickedCell:_mosaic ", fpaItem->name);
+                }
+                psFree(fpaIter);
+                psMetadataAddStr(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, TABLE_OF_CONTENTS, PS_META_REPLACE,
+                                 NULL, contentsLine);
+                psFree(contentsLine);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!strcasecmp(phuItem->data.str, "CHIP") && !strcasecmp(extensionsItem->data.str, "NONE")) {
+                // XXX recode this to match the structure above (FPA/CHIP)?
+                // select and remove the old contents
+                psMetadata *contents = psMetadataLookupMetadata(NULL, format, TABLE_OF_CONTENTS); // File contents
+                if (!contents) {
+                    psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "Couldn't find %s in the camera format %s.\n",
+                            TABLE_OF_CONTENTS, formatsItem->name);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                while (psListLength(contents->list) > 0) {
+                    psMetadataRemoveIndex(contents, PS_LIST_TAIL);
+                }
+
+                // update with the new contents
+                psMetadataIterator *fpaIter = psMetadataIteratorAlloc(fpa, PS_LIST_HEAD, NULL); // Iterator
+                psMetadataItem *fpaItem;    // Item from iteration
+                while ((fpaItem = psMetadataGetAndIncrement(fpaIter))) {
+                    assert (fpaItem->type == PS_DATA_STRING);
+                    psMetadataAddStr(contents, PS_LIST_TAIL, fpaItem->name, 0, NULL, "_mosaicChip");
+                }
+                psFree(fpaIter);
+
+                psMetadata *chips = psMetadataAlloc(); // List of chip types, with cellName:cellType
+                psMetadataAddStr(chips, PS_LIST_TAIL, "_mosaicChip", 0, NULL,
+                                 "MosaickedCell:_mosaic");
+                psMetadataAddMetadata(format, PS_LIST_TAIL, CHIP_TYPES, PS_META_REPLACE,
+                                      "List of chip types", chips);
+                psFree(chips);
+                break;
+            }
+        default:
+            psAbort("Should never get here.\n");
+        }
+
+        // Fix the cell type
+        psMetadata *cells = psMetadataLookupMetadata(NULL, format, CELL_TYPES); // CELLS information
+        if (!cells) {
+            psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "Couldn't find CELLS of type METADATA in the camera format %s.\n", formatsItem->name);
+            return false;
+        }
+        psMetadata *cell = psMetadataAlloc(); // Cell information
+        psMetadataAddStr(cell, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.TRIMSEC", 0, "Trim section", "TRIMSEC");
+        psMetadataAddStr(cell, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.BIASSEC", 0, "Bias section", "BIASSEC");
+        psMetadataAddStr(cell, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.TRIMSEC.SOURCE", 0, "Trim section source", "HEADER");
+        psMetadataAddStr(cell, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.BIASSEC.SOURCE", 0, "Bias section source", "HEADER");
+        psMetadataAddMetadata(cells, PS_LIST_HEAD, "_mosaic", PS_META_REPLACE, "Mosaic cell information", cell);
+        psFree(cell);                   // Drop reference
+
+        // Update the concepts, so that they are all stored in the FITS headers, under headers of the same
+        // name as the concept
+        psMetadata *database = psMetadataLookupMetadata(&mdok, format, "DATABASE"); // DATABASE concepts
+        psMetadata *defaults = psMetadataLookupMetadata(&mdok, format, "DEFAULTS"); // DEFAULTS concepts
+        if (!mdok || !defaults) {
+            psWarning("Couldn't find DEFAULTS of type METADATA in the camera format %s.\n",
+                      formatsItem->name);
+            continue;
+        }
+        psMetadata *translation = psMetadataLookupMetadata(&mdok, format, "TRANSLATION"); // TRANSLATION info
+        if (!mdok || !translation) {
+            psWarning("Couldn't find TRANSLATION of type METADATA in the camera format %s.\n",
+                      formatsItem->name);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        removeCellConceptsSources(translation);
+        removeCellConceptsSources(database);
+        removeCellConceptsSources(defaults);
+
+        // Add in the positioning concepts
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.XPARITY", 0, NULL, 1);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.YPARITY", 0, NULL, 1);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.X0",      0, NULL, 0);
+        psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CELL.Y0",      0, NULL, 0);
+        if (formats) {
+            if (psMetadataLookup(formats, "CELL.X0")) {
+                psMetadataRemoveKey(formats, "CELL.X0");
+            }
+            if (psMetadataLookup(formats, "CELL.Y0")) {
+                psMetadataRemoveKey(formats, "CELL.Y0");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (mosaicLevel == PM_FPA_LEVEL_FPA) {
+            removeChipConceptsSources(translation);
+            removeChipConceptsSources(database);
+            removeChipConceptsSources(defaults);
+            psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.XPARITY", 0, NULL, 1);
+            psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.YPARITY", 0, NULL, 1);
+            psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.X0", 0, NULL, 0);
+            psMetadataAddS32(defaults, PS_LIST_TAIL, "CHIP.Y0", 0, NULL, 0);
+            if (formats) {
+                if (psMetadataLookup(formats, "CHIP.X0")) {
+                    psMetadataRemoveKey(formats, "CHIP.X0");
+                }
+                if (psMetadataLookup(formats, "CHIP.Y0")) {
+                    psMetadataRemoveKey(formats, "CHIP.Y0");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+    psFree(formatsIter);
+
+    // New camera MUST go to the head of the metadata, so that it will be recognised first
+    // The old camera doesn't contain the PSMOSAIC header, so it will match anything!
+    psMetadataAddMetadata(newCameras, PS_LIST_HEAD, newName, PS_META_REPLACE,
+                          "Automatically generated", new);
+    psFree(newName);
+    psFree(new);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*** Helper Functions ***/
+
+// Remove a concept from the list of sources.  Need to check to see if it exists first, to avoid a warning.
+static void removeConcept(psMetadata *source, // Source from which to remove concept
+                          const char *concept // Concept name to remove
+                         )
+{
+    assert(source);
+    assert(concept && strlen(concept) > 0);
+
+    if (psMetadataLookup(source, concept)) {
+        psMetadataRemoveKey(source, concept);
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+// Remove certain concepts from the list of sources.  These concepts are important in the mosaicking process,
+// and are added explicitly to the defaults (elsewhere) so that the user can't get them wrong.
+static void removeCellConceptsSources(psMetadata *source // Source for concepts
+    )
+{
+    if (!source) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.BIASSEC");
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.TRIMSEC");
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.XPARITY");
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.YPARITY");
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.X0");
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.Y0");
+
+    // For the sake of the defaults, include the .DEPEND
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.XPARITY.DEPEND");
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.YPARITY.DEPEND");
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.X0.DEPEND");
+    removeConcept(source, "CELL.Y0.DEPEND");
+
+    return;
+}
+
+// Remove certain concepts from the list of sources.  These concepts are important in the mosaicking process,
+// and are added explicitly to the defaults (elsewhere) so that the user can't get them wrong.
+static void removeChipConceptsSources(psMetadata *source // Source for concepts
+    )
+{
+    if (!source) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    removeConcept(source, "CHIP.XPARITY");
+    removeConcept(source, "CHIP.YPARITY");
+    removeConcept(source, "CHIP.X0");
+    removeConcept(source, "CHIP.Y0");
+
+    // For the sake of the defaults, include the .DEPEND
+    removeConcept(source, "CHIP.XPARITY.DEPEND");
+    removeConcept(source, "CHIP.YPARITY.DEPEND");
+    removeConcept(source, "CHIP.X0.DEPEND");
+    removeConcept(source, "CHIP.Y0.DEPEND");
+
+    return;
+}
Index: /branches/eam_branch_20070830/psphot/doc/2Dmodels.txt
===================================================================
--- /branches/eam_branch_20070830/psphot/doc/2Dmodels.txt	(revision 14729)
+++ /branches/eam_branch_20070830/psphot/doc/2Dmodels.txt	(revision 14729)
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+I am testing a new concept for the 2D representation of various values
+measured by psphot.  I have been using 2D polynomials to fit the
+variations of, eg, the psf parameters as a function of position in the
+images.  this has been somewhat successful, but it has also been
+fraught with a number of problems.  the worst issue has been the fact
+that the polynomial form is not physically motivated.  in some cases,
+eg the variation of the psf shape parameters, the true variations for
+real distributions are not well represented by a polynomial.  I have
+done some ad hoc tricks to get the functional form to look roughly
+like a polynomial, but this is really quite a hack.  the other problem
+is that it is difficult to decide if the polynomial does an acceptable
+job representing the variations.
+
+My new concept for modeling 2D variations in some parameter is to
+define a low-resolution 2D image to represent the variation.  The
+advantage is that the image may be define with whatever resolution may
+be sampled by the input data, and the functional form need not be
+constrained by the polynomial basis function.  
+
+** is this a poor substitute for using a chebychev polynomial as a
+   better basis function?
+
+psphot parameters which vary by position:
+
+pmPSF.params 
+pmPSF.ApTrend
+pmPSF.FluxScale (flux given normalization of 1.0)
+
Index: /branches/eam_branch_20070830/psphot/src/psphotImageMedian.c
===================================================================
--- /branches/eam_branch_20070830/psphot/src/psphotImageMedian.c	(revision 14729)
+++ /branches/eam_branch_20070830/psphot/src/psphotImageMedian.c	(revision 14729)
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+# include "psphotInternal.h"
+static int npass = 0;
+
+// we have 4 possibilities: (INTERNAL or I/O file) and (exists or not)
+// select model pixels (from output background model file, or create internal file)
+static pmReadout *get_model_readout(const char *name, // name of internal/external file
+                                    const pmConfig *config, // configuration information
+                                    const pmFPAview *view,
+                                    pmFPA *inFPA,
+                                    const psImageBinning *binning) {
+    pmReadout *model = NULL;
+
+    bool status = true;
+    pmFPAfile *file = psMetadataLookupPtr(&status, config->files, name);
+    if (file == NULL) {
+        // we are not using PSPHOT.BACKMDL as an I/O file: define an internal version
+        model = pmFPAfileDefineInternal (config->files, name, binning->nXruff, binning->nYruff, PS_TYPE_F32);
+    } else {
+        if (file->mode == PM_FPA_MODE_INTERNAL) {
+            // we are not using PSPHOT.BACKMDL as an I/O file: already defined above
+            model = file->readout;
+        } else {
+            // we are using PSPHOT.BACKMDL as an I/O file: select readout or create
+            model = pmFPAviewThisReadout (view, file->fpa);
+            if (model == NULL) {
+                // readout does not yet exist: create from input
+                // XXX we have an inconsistency in this calculation here and in pmFPACopy
+                // XXX use the psImageBinning functions to set the output image size
+                pmFPAfileCopyStructureView (file->fpa, inFPA, binning->nXbin, binning->nYbin, view);
+                model = pmFPAviewThisReadout (view, file->fpa);
+                PS_ASSERT (binning->nXruff == model->image->numCols, false);
+                PS_ASSERT (binning->nYruff == model->image->numRows, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return model;
+}
+
+// generate the median in NxN boxes, clipping heavily
+// linear interpolation to generate full-scale model
+bool psphotImageMedian (pmConfig *config, const pmFPAview *view, psMaskType maskVal)
+{
+    bool status = true;
+    static char *defaultStatsName = "FITTED_MEAN";
+
+    pmReadout *readout = NULL;
+    pmReadout *background = NULL;
+    pmReadout *backSub = NULL;
+
+    psTimerStart ("psphot");
+
+    // select the appropriate recipe information
+    psMetadata *recipe  = psMetadataLookupPtr (&status, config->recipes, PSPHOT_RECIPE);
+
+    // user supplied seed, if available
+    unsigned long seed = psMetadataLookupS32 (&status, recipe, "IMSTATS_SEED");
+    if (!status) {
+        seed = 0;
+    }
+    psRandom *rng = psRandomAlloc(PS_RANDOM_TAUS, seed);
+
+    // subtract this amount extra from the sky
+    float SKY_BIAS = psMetadataLookupF32 (&status, recipe, "SKY_BIAS");
+    if (!status) {
+        SKY_BIAS = 0;
+    }
+
+    // supply the sky background statistics options
+    char *statsName = psMetadataLookupStr (&status, recipe, "SKY_STAT");
+    if (statsName == NULL) {
+        statsName = defaultStatsName;
+    }
+    psStatsOptions statsOptionLocation = psStatsOptionFromString(statsName);
+    if (!(statsOptionLocation & (PS_STAT_SAMPLE_MEAN |
+                                 PS_STAT_SAMPLE_MEDIAN |
+                                 PS_STAT_ROBUST_MEDIAN |
+                                 PS_STAT_ROBUST_QUARTILE |
+                                 PS_STAT_CLIPPED_MEAN |
+                                 PS_STAT_FITTED_MEAN |
+                                 PS_STAT_FITTED_MEAN_V2 |
+                                 PS_STAT_FITTED_MEAN_V3))) {
+        statsOptionLocation = PS_STAT_FITTED_MEAN;
+    }
+
+    psStatsOptions statsOptionWidth = PS_STAT_NONE;
+    if (statsOptionLocation & (PS_STAT_SAMPLE_MEAN | PS_STAT_SAMPLE_MEDIAN)) {
+        statsOptionWidth = PS_STAT_SAMPLE_STDEV;
+    } else if (statsOptionLocation & (PS_STAT_ROBUST_MEDIAN | PS_STAT_ROBUST_QUARTILE)) {
+#if 1
+        statsOptionWidth = PS_STAT_ROBUST_STDEV; // not set; => NaN
+#else
+        statsOptionWidth = PS_STAT_FITTED_STDEV;
+#endif
+    } else if (statsOptionLocation & PS_STAT_FITTED_MEAN) {
+        statsOptionWidth = PS_STAT_FITTED_STDEV;
+    } else if (statsOptionLocation & PS_STAT_CLIPPED_MEAN) {
+        statsOptionWidth = PS_STAT_CLIPPED_STDEV;
+    } else if (statsOptionLocation & PS_STAT_FITTED_MEAN_V2) {
+        statsOptionWidth = PS_STAT_FITTED_STDEV_V2;
+    } else if (statsOptionLocation & PS_STAT_FITTED_MEAN_V3) {
+        statsOptionWidth = PS_STAT_FITTED_STDEV_V3;
+    } else {
+        psAbort("Unable to estimate variance of selected statsOptionLocations 0x%x", statsOptionLocation);
+    }
+
+    const psStatsOptions statsOption = statsOptionLocation | statsOptionWidth;
+    psStats *stats = psStatsAlloc (statsOption);
+
+    // set range for old-version of sky statistic
+    if (statsOptionLocation & PS_STAT_ROBUST_QUARTILE) {
+        stats->min = 0.25;
+        stats->max = 0.75;
+    }
+
+    // set user-option for number of pixels per region
+    stats->nSubsample = psMetadataLookupF32 (&status, recipe, "IMSTATS_NPIX");
+    if (!status) {
+        stats->nSubsample = 1000;
+    }
+
+    // optionally set the binsize
+    stats->binsize = psMetadataLookupF32 (&status, recipe, "SKY_HISTOGRAM_BINS");
+    if (status) {
+        stats->options |= PS_STAT_USE_BINSIZE;
+    }
+
+    // optionally set the sigma clipping
+    stats->clipSigma = psMetadataLookupF32 (&status, recipe, "SKY_CLIP_SIGMA");
+    if (!status) {
+        if ((stats->options & PS_STAT_FITTED_MEAN) || (stats->options & PS_STAT_FITTED_MEAN_V2)) {
+            stats->clipSigma = 1.0;
+        } else {
+            stats->clipSigma = 3.0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // stats is not initialized by psStats???  use this to save the input options
+    // XXX re-work this to use the new psStatsInit function
+    psStats *statsDefaults = psStatsAlloc (statsOption);
+    *statsDefaults = *stats;
+
+    // find the currently selected readout
+    pmFPAfile *file = psMetadataLookupPtr (&status, config->files, "PSPHOT.INPUT");
+    pmFPA *inFPA = file->fpa;
+    readout = pmFPAviewThisReadout (view, inFPA);
+
+    psImage *image = readout->image;
+    psImage *mask  = readout->mask;
+
+    // I have the fine image size, I know the binning factor, determine the ruff image size
+    psImageBinning *binning = psImageBinningAlloc();
+    binning->nXfine = image->numCols;
+    binning->nYfine = image->numRows;
+    binning->nXbin  = psMetadataLookupS32 (&status, recipe, "BACKGROUND.XBIN");
+    binning->nYbin  = psMetadataLookupS32 (&status, recipe, "BACKGROUND.YBIN");
+
+    psImageBinningSetRuffSize(binning, PS_IMAGE_BINNING_CENTER);
+    psImageBinningSetSkip(binning, image);
+    status = psMetadataAddPtr(recipe, PS_LIST_TAIL, "PSPHOT.BACKGROUND.BINNING", PS_DATA_UNKNOWN | PS_META_REPLACE, "Background binning", binning);
+    PS_ASSERT (status, false);
+
+    // we save the binning structure for use in psphotMagnitudes
+    pmReadout *model = get_model_readout("PSPHOT.BACKMDL", config, view, inFPA, binning);
+    pmReadout *modelStdev = get_model_readout("PSPHOT.BACKMDL.STDEV", config, view, inFPA, binning);
+
+    psF32 **modelData = model->image->data.F32;
+    psF32 **modelStdevData = modelStdev->image->data.F32;
+
+    // measure clipped median for subimages
+    psRegion ruffRegion = {0,0,0,0};
+    psRegion fineRegion = {0,0,0,0};
+    for (int iy = 0; iy < model->image->numRows; iy++) {
+        for (int ix = 0; ix < model->image->numCols; ix++) {
+
+            // convert the ruff grid cell to the equivalent fine grid cell
+            // XXX we need to watch out for row0,col0
+            ruffRegion = psRegionSet (ix, ix + 2, iy, iy + 2);
+            fineRegion = psImageBinningSetFineRegion (binning, ruffRegion);
+            fineRegion = psRegionForImage (image, fineRegion);
+
+            psImage *subset  = psImageSubset (image, fineRegion);
+            if (!subset->numCols || !subset->numRows) {
+                psFree (subset);
+                continue;
+            }
+            psImage *submask = psImageSubset (mask, fineRegion);
+
+            // reset the default values
+            *stats = *statsDefaults;
+
+            // Use the selected background statistic for the first pass
+            // If it fails, fall back on the "ROBUST_MEDIAN" version
+            // If both fail, set the pixel to NAN and (below) interpolate
+            // XXX psImageBackground will probably be renamed psImageStats
+            // XXX don't bother trying if there are no valid pixels...
+
+            if (psImageBackground(stats, subset, submask, maskVal, rng)) {
+                if (stats->options & PS_STAT_ROBUST_QUARTILE) {
+                    modelData[iy][ix] = stats->robustMedian;
+                } else {
+                    modelData[iy][ix] = psStatsGetValue(stats, statsOptionLocation);
+                }
+                modelStdevData[iy][ix] = psStatsGetValue(stats, statsOptionWidth);
+            } else {
+                psStatsOptions currentOptions = stats->options;
+                stats->options = PS_STAT_ROBUST_MEDIAN | PS_STAT_ROBUST_STDEV;
+                if (!psImageBackground(stats, subset, submask, maskVal, rng)) {
+                    psLogMsg ("psphot", PS_LOG_WARN, "Failed to estimate background using ROBUST_MEDIAN for "
+                               "(%dx%d, (row0,col0) = (%d,%d)",
+                               subset->numRows, subset->numCols, subset->row0, subset->col0);
+                    modelData[iy][ix] = modelStdevData[iy][ix] = NAN;
+                } else {
+                    modelData[iy][ix] = psStatsGetValue (stats, PS_STAT_ROBUST_MEDIAN);
+                    modelStdevData[iy][ix] = psStatsGetValue(stats, PS_STAT_ROBUST_STDEV);
+                }
+                // drop errors caused by psImageBackground failures
+                // XXX we probably should trap and exit on serious failures
+                psErrorClear();
+                stats->options = currentOptions;
+            }
+            modelData[iy][ix] += SKY_BIAS;
+            psFree (subset);
+            psFree (submask);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // patch over bad regions (use average of 8 possible neighbor pixels)
+    // XXX consider testing all pixels against the 8 neighbors and replacing outliers...
+    double Count = 0;                   // number of good pixels
+    double Value = 0;                   // sum of good pixel's value
+    double ValueStdev = 0;              // sum of good pixel's standard deviations
+    for (int iy = 0; iy < model->image->numRows; iy++) {
+        for (int ix = 0; ix < model->image->numCols; ix++) {
+            if (!isnan(modelData[iy][ix])) {
+                Value += modelData[iy][ix];
+                ValueStdev += modelStdevData[iy][ix];
+                Count++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            double value = 0;
+            double count = 0;
+            for (int jy = iy - 1; jy <= iy + 1; jy++) {
+                if (jy <   0) continue;
+                if (jy >= model->image->numRows) continue;
+                for (int jx = ix - 1; jx <= ix + 1; jx++) {
+                    if (!jx && !jy) continue;
+                    if (jx   <   0) continue;
+                    if (jx   >= model->image->numCols) continue;
+                    value += modelData[jy][jx];
+                    count += 1.0;
+                }
+            }
+            if (count > 0) modelData[iy][ix] = value / count;
+        }
+    }
+    if (Count == 0) {
+        psError (PSPHOT_ERR_DATA, true, "failed to build background image");
+	psFree(stats);
+	psFree(statsDefaults);
+	psFree(binning);
+	psFree(rng);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Value /= Count;
+    ValueStdev /= Count;
+
+    // patch over remaining bad regions (use global average)
+    for (int iy = 0; iy < model->image->numRows; iy++) {
+        for (int ix = 0; ix < model->image->numCols; ix++) {
+            if (!isnan(modelData[iy][ix])) continue;
+            modelData[iy][ix] = Value;
+            modelStdevData[iy][ix] = ValueStdev;
+        }
+    }
+
+    psLogMsg ("psphot", PS_LOG_MINUTIA, "build median image: %f sec\n", psTimerMark ("psphot"));
+
+    psMetadataAddF32(recipe, PS_LIST_TAIL, "SKY_MEAN", PS_META_REPLACE, "sky mean", Value);
+    psMetadataAddF32(recipe, PS_LIST_TAIL, "SKY_STDEV", PS_META_REPLACE, "sky stdev", ValueStdev);
+    psLogMsg ("psphot", PS_LOG_INFO, "image sky : mean %f stdev %f", Value, ValueStdev);
+
+    // measure image and background stats and save for later output
+    psStats *statsBck = psStatsAlloc (PS_STAT_SAMPLE_MEAN |
+                                      PS_STAT_SAMPLE_STDEV |
+                                      PS_STAT_MIN |
+                                      PS_STAT_MAX);
+    psImageStats (statsBck, model->image, NULL, 0);
+    psMetadataAddF32 (recipe, PS_LIST_TAIL, "MSKY_MN",
+                      PS_META_REPLACE, "sky model mean",          statsBck->sampleMean);
+    psMetadataAddF32 (recipe, PS_LIST_TAIL, "MSKY_SIG",
+                      PS_META_REPLACE, "sky model stdev",         statsBck->sampleStdev);
+    psMetadataAddF32 (recipe, PS_LIST_TAIL, "MSKY_MAX",
+                      PS_META_REPLACE, "sky model maximum value", statsBck->max);
+    psMetadataAddF32 (recipe, PS_LIST_TAIL, "MSKY_MIN",
+                      PS_META_REPLACE, "sky model minimum value", statsBck->min);
+    psMetadataAddS32 (recipe, PS_LIST_TAIL, "MSKY_NX",
+                      PS_META_REPLACE, "sky model size (x)",      model->image->numCols);
+    psMetadataAddS32 (recipe, PS_LIST_TAIL, "MSKY_NY",
+                      PS_META_REPLACE, "sky model size (y)",      model->image->numRows);
+    psLogMsg ("psphot", PS_LOG_INFO, "background sky : min %f mean %f max %f stdev %f",
+              statsBck->min, statsBck->sampleMean, statsBck->max, statsBck->sampleStdev);
+    psFree (statsBck);
+
+    // select background pixels, from output background file, or create
+    file = psMetadataLookupPtr (&status, config->files, "PSPHOT.BACKGND");
+    if (file) {
+        // we are using PSPHOT.BACKGND as an I/O file: select readout or create
+        if (file->mode == PM_FPA_MODE_INTERNAL) {
+            background = file->readout;
+        } else {
+            background = pmFPAviewThisReadout (view, file->fpa);
+        }
+        if (background == NULL) {
+            // readout does not yet exist: create from input
+            pmFPAfileCopyStructureView (file->fpa, inFPA, 1, 1, view);
+            background = pmFPAviewThisReadout (view, file->fpa);
+            if ((image->numCols != background->image->numCols) || (image->numRows != background->image->numRows)) {
+                psError (PSPHOT_ERR_PROG, true, "inconsistent sizes for background dimensions");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        background = pmFPAfileDefineInternal (config->files, "PSPHOT.BACKGND", image->numCols, image->numRows, PS_TYPE_F32);
+    }
+    psF32 **backData = background->image->data.F32;
+
+    // linear interpolation to full-scale
+    if (!psImageUnbin (background->image, model->image, binning)) {
+        psError (PSPHOT_ERR_PROG, true, "inconsistent sizes for unbinning");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    psLogMsg ("psphot", PS_LOG_MINUTIA, "build resampled image: %f sec\n", psTimerMark ("psphot"));
+
+    // back-sub image pixels, from output background file (don't create if not requested)
+    file = psMetadataLookupPtr (&status, config->files, "PSPHOT.BACKSUB");
+    if (file) {
+        // we are using PSPHOT.BACKSUB as an I/O file: select readout or create
+        backSub = pmFPAviewThisReadout (view, file->fpa);
+        if (backSub == NULL) {
+            // readout does not yet exist: create from input
+            pmFPAfileCopyStructureView (file->fpa, inFPA, 1, 1, view);
+            backSub = pmFPAviewThisReadout (view, file->fpa);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (psTraceGetLevel("psphot") > 5) {
+        char name[256];
+        sprintf (name, "image.%02d.fits", npass);
+        psphotSaveImage (NULL, image, name);
+        sprintf (name, "back.%02d.fits", npass);
+        psphotSaveImage (NULL, background->image, name);
+        sprintf (name, "mask.%02d.fits", npass);
+        psphotSaveImage (NULL, mask, name);
+        sprintf (name, "backmdl.%02d.fits", npass);
+        psphotSaveImage (NULL, model->image, name);
+    }
+
+    // subtract the background model (save in backSub, if requested)
+    for (int j = 0; j < image->numRows; j++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < image->numCols; i++) {
+            image->data.F32[j][i] -= backData[j][i];
+            if (backSub) {
+                backSub->image->data.F32[j][i] = image->data.F32[j][i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (psTraceGetLevel("psphot") > 5) {
+        char name[256];
+        sprintf (name, "backsub.%02d.fits", npass);
+        psphotSaveImage (NULL, image, name);
+    }
+    npass ++;
+
+    psLogMsg ("psphot", PS_LOG_INFO, "subtracted background model: %f sec\n", psTimerMark ("psphot"));
+    psFree(stats);
+    psFree(statsDefaults);
+    psFree(binning);
+    psFree(rng);
+
+    // the pmReadout selected in this function are all view on entries in config->files
+    return true;
+}
