Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/Makefile =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/Makefile (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/Makefile (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.16 2006-01-16 01:11:40 eugene Exp $ + +PDFLATEX = env TEXINPUTS=.:LaTeX:$(TEXINPUTS): pdflatex +PSLATEX = env TEXINPUTS=.:LaTeX:$(TEXINPUTS): latex + +SUBDIRS = ps1.mission ps1.analysis ps1.calibration ps1.dataproducts ps1.detrend ps1.MDfields + +help: + @echo "USAGE: make (target)" + @echo " targets: all ps1.release.pdf $(SUBDIRS)" + +RELEASE = ps1.release.tex + +ps1.release.pdf: $(RELEASE) + +all: + make ps1.release.pdf + for i in $(SUBDIRS); do $(MAKE) $$i; done + +$(SUBDIRS): + @if [ -d "$@" ]; then \ + echo -n -e "\0033]0; *** $@ *** \0007"; \ + (cd $@ && $(MAKE) all); \ + fi + +include Makefile.Common + +all.clean: + make clean + for i in $(SUBDIRS); do $(MAKE) $$i.clean; done + +all.dist: + make dist + for i in $(SUBDIRS); do $(MAKE) $$i.dist; done + +%.clean: + if [ -d "$*" ]; then (cd $* && $(MAKE) clean); fi + +%.dist: + if [ -d "$*" ]; then (cd $* && $(MAKE) dist); fi + +.PHONY: $(SUBDIRS) Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/Makefile.Common =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/Makefile.Common (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/Makefile.Common (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.16 2006-01-16 01:11:40 eugene Exp $ + +PDFLATEX = env TEXINPUTS=.:..:inputs:../inputs:LaTeX:$(TEXINPUTS): pdflatex +PSLATEX = env TEXINPUTS=.:..:inputs:../inputs:LaTeX:$(TEXINPUTS): latex + +PS2PDF_OPTS = "-dAutoFilterColorImages=false -dColorImageFilter=/FlateEncode" + +%.pdf: %.tex + $(PSLATEX) $*.tex + $(PSLATEX) $*.tex +# thumbpdf --modes=dvips $*.pdf +# $(PSLATEX) $*.tex + dvips -z -t letter -o $*.ps $*.dvi + ps2pdf $(PS2PSF_OPT) $*.ps $*.pdf +# @rm -f $*.ps $*.dvi $*.aux $*.log $*.tbr $*.tbd $*.toc $*.tpm $*.lof body.tmp head.tmp + +clean : + $(RM) *.bib *.log *.dvi *.aux *.toc *.tbd *.tbr *.tpm *.lof *.out *~ core body.tmp head.tmp + +dist : clean + $(RM) *.pdf *.ps + +empty: clean Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/aastex.cls =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/aastex.cls (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/aastex.cls (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,2305 @@ +%% +%% This is file `aastex.cls', +%% generated with the docstrip utility. +%% +%% The original source files were: +%% +%% aasclass.dtx (with options: `class') +%% +%% This is a generated file; +%% altering it directly is inadvisable; +%% instead, modify the original source file. +%% +%% Copyright notice. +%% +%% These files are distributed +%% WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +%% +%% \CharacterTable +%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z +%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z +%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 +%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \# +%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \& +%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \) +%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \, +%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/ +%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< +%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? +%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ +%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ +%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \| +%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}% +%%% @LaTeX-file{ +%%% filename = "aastex.dtx", +%%% version = "5.2", +%%% date = "2005/06/22", +%%% time = "16:23:00 GMT", +%%% checksum = "5964", +%%% author = "Arthur Ogawa (mailto:ogawa@teleport.com)", +%%% revised by = "SR Nova Private Ltd." +%%% copyright = "Copyright (C) 2003 American Astronomical Society +%%% +%%% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the +%%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 +%%% of this license or (at your option) any later version. +%%% The latest version of this license is in +%%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +%%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +%%% version 2003/12/01 or later. +%%% +%%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained". +%%% +%%% The Current Maintainer of this work is the American Astronomical Society. +%%% +%%% This work consists of all files listed in the document README. +%%% +%%% address = "American Astronomical Society +%%% USA", +%%% telephone = "+1 ???", +%%% FAX = "", +%%% email = "aastex-help@aas.org", +%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", +%%% keywords = "latex, AAS, journal", +%%% supported = "yes", +%%% abstract = "formatter for AAS journal submissions", +%%% docstring = "The checksum field above generated by ltxdoc", +%%% } +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]% +\ProvidesClass{aastex}% + [2005/06/22 5.2/AAS markup document class]% +\def\substitute@option#1#2{% + \ClassWarning{aastex}{% + Substyle #1 is deprecated in aastex. + Using #2 instead (please fix your document). + }\@nameuse{ds@#2}% +}% +\ClassInfo{aastex}{% + Original \protect\LaTeX2.09 style + by Chris Biemesderfer (chris@seagoat.com). + Adapted to \protect\LaTeXe\space + by A. Ogawa (ogawa@teleport.com)% +}% +\newif\iflong@abstract +\global\long@abstractfalse +\DeclareOption{10pt}{\newcommand\aas@ptsize{0}}% +\DeclareOption{11pt}{\newcommand\aas@ptsize{1}}% +\DeclareOption{12pt}{\newcommand\aas@ptsize{2}}% +\DeclareOption{landscape}{\OptionNotUsed}% +\DeclareOption{eqsecnum}{\AtEndOfClass{\eqsecnum}} +\DeclareOption{longabstract}{\global\long@abstracttrue} +\DeclareOption{flushrt}{\let\opt@just\just@just}% +\let\opt@just\@empty +\def\just@just{% + \@rightskip\z@skip + \rightskip\@rightskip + \pretolerance=100\relax +}% +\DeclareOption{tighten}{\def\opt@tighten{\tightenlines}}% +\let\opt@tighten\@empty + +\DeclareOption{manuscript}{\def\aas@substyle{manuscript}\long@abstractfalse} +\DeclareOption{preprint}{\def\aas@substyle{preprint}\long@abstractfalse} +\DeclareOption{preprint2}{\def\aas@substyle{preprint2}\@twocolumntrue} +\DeclareOption{aasms4}{\substitute@option{aasms4}{manuscript}}% +\DeclareOption{aaspp4}{\substitute@option{aaspp4}{preprint}}% +\DeclareOption{aas2pp4}{\substitute@option{aas2pp4}{preprint2}}% +\DeclareOption{aj_pt4}{\substitute@option{aj_pt4}{preprint}}% +\DeclareOption{apjpt4}{\substitute@option{apjpt4}{preprint}}% +\def\aas@substyle{manuscript}% +\AtEndOfPackage{% + \@nameuse{aas@\aas@substyle}% +}% +\DeclareOption{astro}{\AtBeginDocument{\load@astro}}% +\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}% +\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,oneside,onecolumn,final}% +\ProcessOptions\relax +\@namedef{aas@size@manuscript}{% + \def\aas@ptsize{2}% + \pass@aassize +}% +\@namedef{aas@size@preprint}{% + \ifx\undefined\aas@ptsize\expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi + {\def\aas@ptsize{1}}{}% + \pass@aassize +}% +\@namedef{aas@size@preprint2}{% + \ifx\undefined\aas@ptsize\expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi + {\def\aas@ptsize{0}}{}% + \pass@aassize +}% +\def\pass@aassize{% + \expandafter\PassOptionsToClass\expandafter{\expandafter1\aas@ptsize pt}{article}% +}% +\@nameuse{aas@size@\aas@substyle}% +\LoadClass{article}[1995/12/01]% +\RequirePackage{latexsym}% +\RequirePackage{graphicx}% +\RequirePackage{amssymb}% +\RequirePackage{natbib}% +\newcommand{\bibstyle@aas}{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}} +\@citestyle{aas} +\RequirePackage{verbatim}% +\def\@to{to}% +\newcommand\ulap[1]{\vbox\@to\z@{{\vss#1}}}% +\newcommand\dlap[1]{\vbox\@to\z@{{#1\vss}}}% +\newcommand\let@environment[2]{% + \expandafter\let + \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname#2\endcsname + \expandafter\let + \csname end#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname end#2\endcsname + }% +\newcommand\say[1]{\typeout{<\noexpand#1=\meaning#1>}}% +\newcommand\saythe[1]{\typeout{<\noexpand#1=\the#1>}}% +\newcommand\tracingplain{% + \tracingonline\z@\tracingcommands\z@\tracingstats\z@ + \tracingpages\z@\tracingoutput\z@\tracinglostchars\@ne + \tracingmacros\z@\tracingparagraphs\z@\tracingrestores\z@ + \showboxbreadth5\showboxdepth3\relax %\errorstopmode + }% +\newcommand\traceoutput{% + \appdef\@resetactivechars{\showoutput}% +}% +\newcommand\nohyphenation{\kern\z@}% +\newcommand\offhyphenation{% + \lefthyphenmin\maxdimen\emergencystretch8\p@ +}% +\def\substitute@command#1#2{% + \ClassWarning{aastex}{% + Command \protect#1\space is deprecated in aastex. + Using \protect#2\space instead (please fix your document). + }% + #2% +}% +\def\remove@command#1{% + \ClassWarning{aastex}{% + Command \protect#1\space is deprecated in aastex. + Please remove it from your document% + }% +}% +\def\@provide#1{%Implicit #2 + \@ifxundefined#1{\def#1}{\def\@tempa}% +}% +\def\prepdef#1#2{% + \@ifxundefined#1{\toks@{}}{\toks@\expandafter{#1}}% + \toks@ii{#2}% + \edef#1{\the\toks@ii\the\toks@}% +}% +\def\appdef#1#2{% + \@ifxundefined#1{\toks@{}}{\toks@\expandafter{#1}}% + \toks@ii{#2}% + \edef#1{\the\toks@\the\toks@ii}% +}% +\def\appgdef#1#2{% + \@ifxundefined#1{\toks@{}}{\toks@\expandafter{#1}}% + \toks@ii{#2}% + \xdef#1{\the\toks@\the\toks@ii}% +}% +\toksdef\toks@ii=\tw@ +\long\def\@ifxundefined#1{\@ifx{\undefined#1}}% +\def\@boolean#1#2{% + \long\def#1{% + #2% \if + \expandafter\boolean@true + \else + \expandafter\boolean@false + \fi + }% +}% +\def\@boole@def#1#{\@boolean{#1}}% Implicit #2 +\@boole@def\@ifx#1{\ifx#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifx@empty#1{\ifx\@empty#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifnum#1{\ifnum#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifdim#1{\ifdim#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifvoid#1{\ifvoid#1}% +\long\def\boolean@true#1#2{#1}% +\long\def\boolean@false#1#2{#2}% +\renewcommand\addpenalty[1]{% + \ifvmode + \if@minipage + \else + \if@nobreak + \else + \ifinner + \@tempskipa\lastskip \unskip + \@tempcnta\lastpenalty \unpenalty + \ifnum#1<\@tempcnta + \penalty#1\relax + \else + \penalty\@tempcnta + \fi + \vskip\@tempskipa + \else + \ifdim\lastskip=\z@ + \penalty#1\relax + \else + \@tempskipb\lastskip + \vskip-\lastskip + \penalty#1% + \vskip\@tempskipb + \fi + \fi + \fi + \fi + \else + \@noitemerr + \fi +}% +\renewcommand\addvspace[1]{% + \ifvmode + \if@minipage + \else + \ifinner + \@tempskipa\lastskip \unskip + \ifdim\@tempskipa=\z@ + \vskip#1\relax + \else + \@tempskipb#1\relax + \ifdim\@tempskipa<\@tempskipb + \vskip\@tempskipb + \else + \ifdim\@tempskipb<\z@ + \ifdim\@tempskipa<\z@ + \vskip\@tempskipa + \else + \advance\@tempskipb\@tempskipa + \vskip\@tempskipb + \fi + \else + \vskip\@tempskipa + \fi + \fi + \fi + \else + \ifdim\lastskip=\z@ + \vskip#1\relax + \else + \@tempskipb#1\relax + \@xaddvskip + \fi + \fi + \fi + \else + \@noitemerr + \fi +}% +\newcommand\maketitle@page{% + \maketitle@disarm + \begin{titlepage}% + \let\footnotesize\small + \let\footnoterule\relax + \let \footnote \thanks + \@maketitle + \@thanks + \vfil\null + \end{titlepage}% + \after@maketitle +}% +\newcommand\maketitle@runin{% + \par + \maketitle@disarm + \begingroup + %%%%\renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}% + \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}% + \long\def\@makefntext##1{% + \parindent 1em\noindent + \hb@xt@1.8em{% + \hss\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}% + }% + ##1% + }% + \if@twocolumn + \@ifnum{\col@number=\@ne}{% + \global\let\@title@footnote@text\@empty% + \twocolumn[\let\@footnotetext\@title@footnotetext\@maketitle]% + \@title@footnote@text% + }{% + \@maketitle + }% + \else + \newpage + \global\@topnum\z@ % Prevents figures from going at top of page. + \@maketitle + \fi + %\thispagestyle{plain}% + \@thanks + \endgroup + \after@maketitle +}% +\def\after@maketitle{% + \iflong@abstract % + \let\@makecol\@makecol@pptt + \let\@outputdblcol\@outputdblcol@pptt + \global\columnwidth\textwidth% + \global\advance\columnwidth-\columnsep + \global\divide\columnwidth\tw@ + \global\hsize\columnwidth + \global\linewidth\columnwidth + \global\@twocolumntrue + \global\@firstcolumntrue + \col@number \tw@ + \@ifnextchar [\@topnewpage\@floatplacement + \begin{strip}% separate the abstract text from two-column text + \end{strip} + \fi + %%%\setcounter{footnote}{0}% + \global\let\thanks\@gobble + \global\let\maketitle\relax + \global\let\@maketitle\relax + \global\let\@thanks\@empty + \global\let\@author\@empty + \global\let\@date\@empty + \global\let\@title\@empty + \global\let\title\relax + \global\let\author\relax + \global\let\date\relax + \global\let\and\relax + \global\let\email\@text@email + \global\firsttabskip\z@ +}% +\AtEndOfClass{% + \if@titlepage + \let\maketitle\maketitle@page + \else + \let\maketitle\maketitle@runin + \fi +}% +\def\open@footnotetext{% + \insert\footins\bgroup % \egroup in \close@footnotetext + \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty + \splittopskip\footnotesep + \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox + \floatingpenalty \@MM + \reset@font\footnote@size + \hsize\columnwidth + \@parboxrestore +}% +\def\close@footnotetext#1{% + \color@begingroup + \@makefntext{% + \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces + #1\@finalstrut\strutbox + }% + \color@endgroup + \egroup +}% +\def\@footnotetext{% Implict #1 + \open@footnotetext + \set@footnotetext{p@footnote}% +}% +\def\@mpfootnotetext{% Implict #1 + \global\setbox\@mpfootins\vbox\bgroup % \egroup in \set@footnotetext + \unvbox\@mpfootins + \set@footnotetext{p@mpfootnote}% +}% +\long\def\set@footnotetext#1{%Implicit #2 + \protected@edef\@currentlabel{% + \csname #1\endcsname\@thefnmark + }% + \close@footnotetext +}% +\def\@title@footnotetext#1{% + \protected@edef\@tempa{\csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}% + \expandafter\appgdef + \expandafter\@title@footnote@text + \expandafter{% + \expandafter\insert@footnotetext + \expandafter{\@tempa}{#1}}% +}% +\def\insert@footnotetext#1{%Implicit #2 + \open@footnotetext + \def\@thefnmark{#1}% + \def\@currentlabel{#1}% + \close@footnotetext +}% +\AtBeginDocument{% + \ifx\footnote@size\undefined + \let\footnote@size\footnotesize + \fi +}% +\long\def\eqnarray@broken{% + \stepcounter{equation}\def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}% + \global\@eqnswtrue\m@th\global\@eqcnt\z@ + \tabskip\mathindent + \let\\=\@eqncr + \setlength\abovedisplayskip{\topsep}% + \ifvmode\addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\partopsep}\fi + \addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\parskip}% + \setlength\belowdisplayskip{\abovedisplayskip}% + \setlength\belowdisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% + \setlength\abovedisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% + $$% + \everycr{}% + \halign to\linewidth\bgroup + \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel + &\global\@eqcnt\@ne + \hskip\tw@\arraycolsep + \hfil${##}$\hfil + &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ + \hskip\tw@\arraycolsep + $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering + &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@\hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup + \tabskip\z@skip + \cr +}% +\long\def\eqnarray@fleqn@fixed{% + \stepcounter{equation}\def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}% + \global\@eqnswtrue\m@th\global\@eqcnt\z@ + \tabskip\mathindent + \let\\=\@eqncr + \setlength\abovedisplayskip{\topsep}% + \ifvmode\addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\partopsep}\fi + \addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\parskip}% + \setlength\belowdisplayskip{\abovedisplayskip}% + \setlength\belowdisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% + \setlength\abovedisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% + $$% + \everycr{}% + \halign\@to\linewidth\bgroup + \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel + &\global\@eqcnt\@ne + \hskip\tw@\eqncolsep + \hfil${{}##{}}$\hfil + &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ + \hskip\tw@\eqncolsep + $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering + &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@\hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup + \tabskip\z@skip + \cr +}% +\ifx\eqnarray\eqnarray@broken + \ClassWarningNoLine{aastex}{Repairing broken {eqnarray} definition}% + \let\eqnarray\eqnarray@fleqn@fixed +\fi +\let\eqnarray@broken\relax +\let\eqnarray@fleqn@fixed\relax +\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{% + \@startsection@hook + \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi + \par + \@tempskipa #4\relax + \@afterindenttrue + \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ + \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse + \fi + \if@nobreak + \everypar{}% + \else + \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa + \fi + \@ifstar + {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}% + {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}% +}% +\def\@startsection@hook{}% +\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{% + \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth + \let\@svsec\@empty + \else + \refstepcounter{#1}\protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax} + \fi + \@tempskipa #5\relax + \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ + \begingroup \section@centering#6{% + \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}\interlinepenalty \@M\sec@upcase{#8}\@@par}% + \endgroup + \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline + {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else + \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi + #7}\else + \def\@svsechd{% + #6{\hskip#3\relax\@svsec + \sec@upcase{#8}}% + \csname #1mark\endcsname + {#7}\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{% + \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth + \else + \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}% + \fi + #7}}\fi + \@xsect{#5}% +}% +\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax + \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ + \begingroup + \section@centering + #4{% + \@hangfrom{\hskip #1}\interlinepenalty \@M + \sec@upcase{#5}\@@par}\endgroup + \else + \def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax \sec@upcase{#5}}}\fi + \@xsect{#3}}% +\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname.\quad} +\def\section@centering{\centering}% +\def\sec@upcase#1{\relax{#1}}% +\def\@citex[#1]#2{% + \let\@citea\@empty + \@cite{% + \@for\@citeb:=#2\do{% + \@citea + \def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }% + \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb\@empty}% + \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi + \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{% + \G@refundefinedtrue + \@latex@warning{% + Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined% + }% + }{% + \csname b@\@citeb\endcsname + }% + }% + }{#1}% +}% +\def\revtex@ver{5.2}% +\def\revtex@date{12 Dec 2003}% +\def\revtex@org{AAS}% +\def\revtex@jnl{AAS}% +\def\revtex@genre{manuscript}% +\def\class@typeout{% + \typeout{% + \revtex@org\space + \revtex@genre\space substyle, v\revtex@ver\space <\revtex@date>.% + }% +}% +\def\class@typeout@jnl{% + \typeout{% + \revtex@org\space + \revtex@jnl\space + \revtex@genre\space substyle, v\revtex@ver\space <\revtex@date>.% + }% +}% +\AtBeginDocument{% + \class@typeout +}% +\def\revtex@pageid{% + \xdef\@thefnmark{\null}% + \@footnotetext{% + This \revtex@genre\space was prepared with the + \revtex@org\space \LaTeX\ macros v\revtex@ver.% + }% +}% +\def\ps@plaintop{% + \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \def\@oddfoot{}% + \def\@oddhead{\rmfamily\hfil--\space\thepage\space--\hfil}% + \def\@evenfoot{}% + \let\@evenhead\@oddhead +}% +\def\ps@msstitle{% mss ID on title page + \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \def\@oddfoot{}% + \def\@oddhead{\rmfamily\hfil\ms@id}% + \def\@evenfoot{}% + \let\@evenhead\@oddhead +}% +\setlength\textwidth{6.5in}% +\setlength\textheight{8.4in}% +\setlength\headheight{.15in}% + \setlength\marginparsep {10\p@}% + \setlength\marginparpush{5\p@}% + \setlength\oddsidemargin {0in}% + \setlength\evensidemargin {0in}% + \setlength\marginparwidth {0in}% + \setlength\topmargin{0in}% +\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}% +\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}% +\def\@doubleleading{1.6}% +\def\@tightleading{1.1}% +\renewcommand\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}% +\newcommand\tighten{\def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}}% +\newcommand\tightenlines{\tighten}% +\newcommand\singlespace{% + \def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}% + \normalsize +}% +\newcommand\doublespace{% + \def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}% + \normalsize +}% +\def\singlespace@apj{% + \def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}% + \def\arraystretch{\@tightleading}% + \normalsize +}% +\def\doublespace@apj{% + \def\baselinestretch@apj{\@doubleleading}% + \def\arraystretch{\@doubleleading}% + \normalsize +}% +\setlength\parskip{1.5ex}% +\setlength\parindent{2em}% +\setlength\smallskipamount{3\p@\@plus1\p@\@minus1\p@}% +\setlength\medskipamount{6\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus2\p@}% +\setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@\@plus4\p@\@minus4\p@}% +\@lowpenalty 51 +\@medpenalty 151 +\@highpenalty 301 +\newcommand\ptlandscape{% + \setlength\textwidth{9in}% + \setlength\textheight{6.5in}% + \setlength\pt@width{\textwidth}% + \setlength\hoffset{0.0in}% + \setlength\voffset{-0.25in}% +}% +\def\eqsecnum{% + \@addtoreset{equation}{section}% + \def\theequation{% + %\mbox{\normalsize\arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}}% Wrong! + \arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}% + }% +}% +\def\@journalname{The Astrophysical Journal}% +\def\cpr@holder{American Astronomical Society}% +\newcommand\received[1]{\gdef\@recvdate{#1}}% +\newcommand\accepted[1]{\gdef\@accptdate{#1}}% +\newcommand\revised[1]{\gdef\@revisedate{#1}}% +\newcommand\journalid[2]{\gdef\@jourvol{#1}\gdef\@jourdate{#2}}% +\newcommand\articleid[2]{\gdef\@startpage{#1}\gdef\@finishpage{#2}}% +\newcommand\paperid[1]{\gdef\@paperid{#1}}% +\newcommand\ccc[1]{\gdef\CCC@code{#1}}% +\AtEndOfClass{% + \@provide\@recvdate{}% + \@provide\@accptdate{}% + \@provide\@revisedate{}% + \@provide\@jourvol{}% + \@provide\@jourdate{}% + \@provide\@startpage{}% + \@provide\@finishpage{}% + \@provide\@paperid{MS-0001-SAMP}% + \@provide\CCC@code{000-00\$75.95-CDB}% +}% +\newcommand\cpright[2]{% + \global\expandafter\let\expandafter\cpr@type\csname cpr@#1\endcsname + \gdef\cpr@year{#2}% + \typeout{`#1' copyright \cpr@year.}% +}% +\def\cpr@AAS{Copyright \cpr@year\space by the \cpr@holder.}% +\def\cpr@PD{This article is in the public domain.}% +\def\cpr@Crown{Crown copyright \cpr@year\space by the \cpr@holder.}% +\def\cpr@none{No copyright is claimed for this article.}% +\def\cpr@ASP{Copyright \cpr@year\space by the ASP.}% +\def\cpr@year{\number\year}% +\def\@slug{% + \par + \noindent\cpr@type\par + \noindent Manuscript number \@paperid.\par + \noindent\CCC@code\par +}% +\newcommand\lefthead{\substitute@command\lefthead\shorttitle}% +\newcommand\righthead{\substitute@command\righthead\shortauthors}% +\newcommand\shorttitle[1]{\gdef\@versohead{#1}}% +\newcommand\shortauthors[1]{\gdef\@rectohead{#1}}% +\shorttitle{\relax}% +\shortauthors{\relax}% +\def\@runheads{% + \@tempcnta\c@page + \@whilenum\@tempcnta>\z@\do{% + \vskip 3ex + \hbox\@to30pc{% + \small + \expandafter\uppercase\expandafter{\@versohead}: + \expandafter\uppercase\expandafter{\@rectohead}\hfil + }% + \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne + }% +}% +\newcommand\msid[1]{\gdef\ms@id{#1}}% mss ID +\def\ms@id{}% +\newcommand\slugcomment[1]{\gdef\slug@comment{#1}}% +\slugcomment{}% +\newdimen\@slugcmmntwidth +\long\def\@makeslugcmmnt@mss{% + \@ifx@empty\slug@comment{\relax}{% + \vskip 5ex + \sbox\@tempboxa{\slug@comment}% + \@ifdim{\wd\@tempboxa >\@slugcmmntwidth}{% + \hbox\@to\textwidth{% + \hss + \parbox\@slugcmmntwidth\slug@comment + }% + }{% + \hbox\@to\textwidth{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}% + }% + }% +}% +\long\def\@makeslugcmmnt@ppt{% + \@ifx@empty\slug@comment{\relax}{% + \sbox\@tempboxa{\slug@comment}% + \@ifdim{\wd\@tempboxa >\@slugcmmntwidth}{% + \hbox\@to\textwidth{% + \hss + \parbox\@slugcmmntwidth\slug@comment + }% + }{% + \hbox\@to\textwidth{\hfil\box\@tempboxa}% + }% + \vskip 2ex + }% +}% +\def\@rcvaccrule{\vrule\@width1.75in\@height0.5pt\@depth\z@}% +\def\@dates{\ifx\@title\@empty\else {Received}\space% + \ifx\@empty\@recvdate\@rcvaccrule\else\@recvdate\fi;% + \hspace{1.5em}{accepted}\space% + \ifx\@empty\@accptdate\@rcvaccrule\else\@accptdate\fi% +\fi}% % +\def\@dates@pptt{% + \@ifx@empty\@recvdate{}{% + \@ifx@empty\@accptdate{}{% + {\center + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\small}{\normalsize}% + {\itshape Received}\space + \@recvdate + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\\[.5ex]}{\hspace{1.5em}}% + {\itshape accepted}\space + \@accptdate + \endcenter + }% + }% + }% +}% +\def\sluginfo@mss{% + {% + \addpenalty{\@M}% + \addvspace{6\p@}% + \centering + \@dates + \@makeslugcmmnt + \par + \addvspace{6\p@}% + }% +}% +\newcommand\sluginfo{% + {% + \addpenalty{\@M}% + \addvspace{6\p@}% + \centering + \@dates + \par + \addvspace{6\p@}% + }% +}% +\let\dates=\sluginfo +\renewenvironment{abstract}{% + \iflong@abstract% Abstract in one-column mode + \onecolumn + \fi + \global\setbox\abstract@box\vtop\bgroup + \columnwidth\textwidth\hsize\columnwidth\linewidth\hsize + \normalsize + \color@begingroup + \@parboxrestore + \@setminipage + \quotation +}{% + \par + \endquotation + \removelastskip + \vskip-\prevdepth + \color@endgroup + \egroup +}% +\newbox\abstract@box +\def\abstractname{ABSTRACT}% +\def\@abstract@mss{% + \sluginfo + \clearpage + \@ifvoid\abstract@box{}{% + \begin{center}\bfseries\abstractname\end{center}% + \contribute@box\abstract@box + }% +}% +\def\contribute@box#1{% + \dimen@\ht#1% + \leavevmode\hbox{\vrule\@height\ht#1\@width\z@}\par + \nointerlineskip\nobreak\kern-\ht#1\unvbox#1\prevdepth\z@ +}% +\def\@abstract@ppt{% + \@ifvoid\abstract@box{}{% + \begin{center}\bfseries\abstractname\end{center}% + \contribute@box\abstract@box + }% +}% +\def\@abstract@pptt{% + \@ifvoid\abstract@box{}{% + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{% + \section*{Abstract}% + }{% + \vspace{3em}% + \begin{center}% + \large + \bfseries\abstractname\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}% + \end{center}% + }% + \contribute@box\abstract@box + }% +}% +\def\title#1{\appdef\@title{\make@title{#1}}}% +\def\author#1{\appdef\@author{\make@author{#1}}}% +%%% \def\authoraddr{\substitute@command\authoraddr\affil}% +\def\email#1{\appdef\@author{\make@authoremail{#1}}}% +\def\affil#1{\appdef\@author{\make@affil{#1}}}% +\def\altaffilmark#1{\appdef\@author{\make@altaffilmark{#1}}}% +\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\appdef\@author{\make@altaffiltext{#1}{#2}}}% +\def\and{\appdef\@author{\make@and}}% +\let\authoraddr\@gobble +\let\@title\@empty +\let\@author\@empty +\let\@date\@empty +\def\@maketitle{% + \newpage + \begingroup + \let\footnote\thanks + \let\email\make@authoremail + \let\affil\make@affil + \let\altaffilmark\make@altaffilmark + \let\altaffiltext\make@altaffiltext + \let\and\make@and + \@title + \@author + \@date + \par + \@abstract + \@ifxundefined\keyword@list{}{% + \expandafter\@keywords + \expandafter{\keyword@list}% + }% + \endgroup +}% +\def\make@title@mss#1{% + {% + \def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}% + \center\large\bfseries{#1}\endcenter %% + }% + \thispagestyle{msstitle}% mss ID +}% +\def\make@title@ppt#1{% + \@makeslugcmmnt + {\center\large\bfseries{#1}\endcenter}% + \thispagestyle{empty}% +}% +\def\make@title@pptt#1{% + {% + \center + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\large}{\Large}% + \bfseries + #1% + \endcenter + }% +}% +\def\make@author#1{% + {\topsep\z@\center\normalsize#1\endcenter}% +}% +\def\make@author@pptt#1{% + {\topsep\z@ + \center + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\normalsize}{\vspace{4ex}\large}% + #1% + \endcenter + }% +}% +\let\make@authoraddr=\@gobble +\def\make@authoremail#1{% + {\topsep\z@\center\normalsize\tt#1\endcenter}% +}% +\newcommand\make@affil[1]{% + \vspace*{-2.5ex}% +{\topsep\z@\center#1\endcenter}% +}% +\def\make@affil@ppt#1{% + \vspace*{-0.8ex}% + {% + \topsep\z@ + \center + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\small}{\normalsize}% + \itshape + #1% + \endcenter + }% +}% +\def\make@affil@pptt#1{% + \vspace*{-0.8ex}% + {% + \topsep\z@ + \center + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\small}{\normalsize}% + \itshape + #1% + \endcenter + }% +}% +\def\thefootnote{\@arabic\c@footnote}% initial style +\newcommand\make@altaffilmark[1]{$^{#1}$}% +\newcommand\make@altaffiltext[2]{% +\iflong@abstract% + \footnotetext@ass[#1]{#2} +\else + \footnotetext@ass[#1]{\hsize\columnwidth #2} +\fi +}% +%% +\def\thanks#1{\footnotemark + \protected@xdef\@thanks{\@thanks + \iflong@abstract% + \protect\footnotetext[\the\c@footnote]{\hsize18pc #1} + \else + \protect\footnotetext[\the\c@footnote]{#1} + \fi + }% +} +%% +\def\footnotetext@ass{% + \@ifnextchar [\@xfootnotenext@ass + {%\protected@xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}% + \@footnotetext}} +\def\@xfootnotenext@ass[#1]{% + \begingroup + %\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname #1\relax + \unrestored@protected@xdef\@thefnmark{#1}% + \endgroup + \@footnotetext} +\def\make@and{\vspace*{-0.5ex}{\topsep\z@\center and\endcenter}}% +\newcommand\keywords{\appdef\keyword@list}% +\let\keyword@list\undefined +\def\@keywords#1{% + \vspace*{-.7ex}% + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{% + \noindent + {{\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space\@kwds{#1}}% + }{% + {% + \quote + {\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space + \@kwds{#1}% + \endquote + }% + }% +}% +\def\@keywords@pptt#1{% + \vspace*{-.7ex}% + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{% + \noindent + {% + \small + {\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space + \@kwds{#1}% + }% + }{% + {% + \quote + \small + {\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space + \@kwds{#1}% + \endquote + }% + }% +}% +\def\@keywords@mss#1{%%% + \vspace*{-.7ex}% + \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{% + \noindent + {% + \small + {\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space + \@kwds{#1}% + }% + }{% + {% + \quote + \small + {\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space + \@kwds{#1}% + \endquote% + \clearpage + }% + }% +}% +\let\subjectheadings=\keywords +\def\@keywordtext{Subject headings}% +\def\@keyworddelim{---}% +\def\@kwds@jnl#1{% + \def\@kwddlm{}% + \@for\@kwd:=#1\do{% + \@kwddlm + \def\@kwddlm{\space\@keyworddelim\penalty\@m\space}% + {\@kwd}% + }% +}% +\def\@kwds#1{#1\relax}% +\AtBeginDocument{% + \everypar{% + \everypar@hook + }% +}% +\def\everypar@hook{% + \setbox\z@\lastbox\par\removelastskip + \everypar{}% + \maketitle@trigger + \leavevmode +}% +\def\@startsection@hook{\maketitle@trigger}% +\prepdef\tableofcontents{\listof@hook}% +\prepdef\listoffigures{\listof@hook}% +\prepdef\listoftables{\listof@hook}% +\def\listof@hook{\maketitle@trigger}% +\def\maketitle@disarm{% + \global\let\maketitle@trigger\relax + \global\let\@startsection@hook\@empty + \global\let\listof@hook\@empty + \global\let\everypar@hook\@empty +}% +\def\maketitle@trigger{% + \maketitle +}% +\setlength{\skip\footins}{4ex\@plus1ex\@minus.5ex}% +\setlength\footnotesep{3ex}% +\long\def\@makefntext@pptt#1{% + \noindent + \hbox\@to\z@{\hss$^{\@thefnmark}$}% + #1% +}% +\newcounter{editornote}% +\def\theeditornote{{\rmfamily E}\arabic{editornote}}% +\newcommand\notetoeditor[1]{% + \stepcounter{editornote}% + \begingroup + \def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}% + \xdef\@thefnmark{\theeditornote}% + \endgroup + \@footnotemark\@footnotetext{NOTE TO EDITOR: #1}% +}% +\renewcommand\section{% + \@startsection{section}{1}% + {\z@}{5ex\@plus.5ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% +}% +\def\thesection{\@arabic{\c@section}}% +\def\clear@section@page{}% +\renewcommand\subsection{% + \@startsection{subsection}{2}% + {\z@}{5ex\@plus.5ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% +}% +\def\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic{\c@subsection}}% +\renewcommand\subsubsection{% + \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}% + {\z@}{5ex\@plus.5ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\itshape}% +}% +\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic{\c@subsubsection}}% +\newcommand\subsubsubsection{% + \@startsection{subsubsection}{4}% + {\z@}{-15\p@\@plus-5\p@\@minus-2\p@}{5\p@}{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}% +}% +\def\thesubsubsubsection{\thesubsubsection.\@arabic{\c@subsubsubsection}}% +\def\theparagraph{\thesubsubsection.\@arabic{\c@paragraph}}% +\newcommand\acknowledgments{\vskip 3ex\@plus.8ex\@minus.4ex}% +\let\acknowledgements=\acknowledgments +\renewcommand\appendix{% + \par + \if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi + \setcounter{section}{\z@}% + \setcounter{subsection}{\z@}% + \setcounter{equation}{\z@}% + \def\thesection{\Alph{section}}% + \def\theequation{% + %\hbox{\normalsize\Alph{section}\arabic{equation}}% + \thesection\arabic{equation}% + }% + \@addtoreset{equation}{section}% + \appendix@figtab@defs + \def\section{% + \@startsection + {section}{1}{\z@}% + {5ex\@plus.5ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% + }% +}% +\let\appendix@figtab@defs\@empty +\def\appendix@figtab@defs@pptt{}% +\newcounter{cureqno}% +\newenvironment{mathletters}{% + \refstepcounter{equation}% + \setcounter{cureqno}{\value{equation}}% + \let\@curtheeqn\theequation + \edef\@tempa{\theequation}% + \expandafter\def + \expandafter\theequation + \expandafter{\@tempa\alph{equation}}% + \setcounter{equation}{0}% +}{% + \let\theequation\@curtheeqn + \setcounter{equation}{\value{cureqno}}% +}% +\newcommand\eqnum[1]{% + \def\theequation{#1}% + \let\@currentlabel\theequation + \addtocounter{equation}{\m@ne}% +}% +\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{% + \clear@thebibliography@page + \subsection*{REFERENCES}% + \thebib@list + \def\refpar{\relax}% + \def\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}% + \sloppy + \clubpenalty4000 + \widowpenalty4000 + \sfcode`\.=1000\relax +}{% + \endlist + \revtex@pageid +}% +\def\clear@thebibliography@page{}% +\def\thebib@list{% + \list{\null}{% + \leftmargin 3em\labelwidth\z@\labelsep\z@\itemindent-\leftmargin + \usecounter{enumi}% + }% +}% +\def\thebib@list@pptt{% + \list{\null}{% + \leftmargin 1.2em\labelwidth\z@\labelsep\z@\itemindent-\leftmargin + \usecounter{enumi}% + }% +}% +\newenvironment{references}{% + \clear@thebibliography@page + \subsection*{REFERENCES}% + \bgroup + \setlength\parindent\z@ + \setlength\parskip\itemsep + \let\refpar\references@refpar +}{% + \refpar + \egroup + \revtex@pageid +}% +\def\references@refpar@mss{% + \par\setlength\hangindent{3em}\hangafter\@ne +}% +\def\references@refpar@pptt{% + \par\setlength\hangindent{1.2em}\hangafter\@ne +}% +\let\references@refpar\references@refpar@mss +\newcommand\reference{% + \@ifnextchar\bgroup{\@reference}{% + \@latexerr{Missing key on reference command}{% + Each reference command should have a key corresponding + to a \protect\markcite\space somewhere in the text + }% + }% +}% +\def\@reference#1{\relax\refpar}% +\newcommand\markcite[1]{\remove@command\markcite}% + \def\@biblabel#1{\relax}% + \def\@cite#1#2{#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi}% +\setcounter{topnumber}{7}% +\newskip\tnotemarkskip +\tnotemarkskip7pt +\newdimen\@abovenoteskip% +\newcommand\tablenotemark[1]{% +\rlap{$^{\mathrm #1}$}\hskip\tnotemarkskip\ignorespaces% Fixed: the space after notemark +}% +\def\@tablenotetext#1#2{% + \vspace{.5ex}% + {\noindent\llap{$^{#1}$}#2\par}% +}% +\def\@tablenotes#1{% + \par + \vspace{4.5ex}\footnoterule\vspace{.5ex}% + {\footnotesize#1}% +}% +\def\@tablenotes@pptt#1{% + \par + \vspace{3.2ex}\footnoterule\vspace{.4ex}% + {\footnotesize#1}% +}% +\AtBeginDocument{% + \let\tblnote@list\@empty +}% +\newcommand\tablenotetext[2]{\ifdim\@abovenoteskip=0pt\global\@abovenoteskip=20pt\fi% + \appgdef\tblnote@list{\hsize\pt@width\leftskip\z@\rightskip\z@% + \@tablenotetext{#1}{\parfillskip\z@ plus1fil#2\endgraf}}% +}% +\def\spew@tblnotes{% + \@ifx@empty\tblnote@list{}{% + \@tablenotes{\tblnote@list}% + \global\let\tblnote@list\@empty + }% +}% +\prepdef\endtable{\spew@tblnotes}% +\expandafter\prepdef\csname endtable*\endcsname{\spew@tblnotes}% +\let\tableline=\hline +\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\vskip 2ex\noindent#1\ #2\par}% +\newcommand\tablenum[1]{% + \def\thetable{#1}% + \let\@currentlabel\thetable + \addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}% +}% +\newcommand\figurenum[1]{% + \def\thefigure{#1}% + \let\@currentlabel\thefigure + \addtocounter{figure}{\m@ne}% +}% +\newcommand\placetable{\@place@float{TABLE}}% +\newcommand\placefigure{\@place@float{FIGURE}}% +\newcommand\placeplate{\@place@float{PLATE}}% +\def\@place@float#1#2{% + \vspace{0.5ex}% + \begin{center}EDITOR: PLACE #1 \ref{#2} HERE.\end{center}% + \vspace{0.5ex}% +}% +\newcommand\figcaption{\@testopt{\@xfigcaption}{}}% +\def\@xfigcaption[#1]#2{{\def\@captype{figure}\caption{#2}}}% +\newcommand\dummytable{\refstepcounter{table}}% +\newbox\pt@box +\newdimen\pt@width +\newcount\pt@line +\newcount\pt@column +\newcount\pt@nlines +\newcount\pt@ncol +\newcount\pt@page +\newcommand\colhead[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}\pt@addcol}% +\gdef\pt@footnotesize{\string\footnotesize} +\gdef\pt@scriptsize{\string\scriptsize} +\newcommand\tabletypesize[1]{\def\pt@typesize{#1}\gdef\@typesize{\string#1} + \ifx\@typesize\pt@footnotesize + \def\pt@headfrac{\pt@headfrac@ass@footnotesize} + \else + \ifx\@typesize\pt@scriptsize + \def\pt@headfrac{\pt@headfrac@ass@scriptsize} + \else + \def\pt@headfrac{\pt@headfrac@ass@normalsize}% + \fi +\fi +}% Access to different type sizes in deluxetable +\def\pt@typesize{}% +\newcommand\tablecolumns[1]{% + \pt@column=#1\relax% + \pt@ncol=#1\relax% + \global\let\pt@addcol\@empty% +}% +\newcommand\tablecaption[1]{\gdef\pt@caption{\tnotemarkskip8pt#1}}%Fixed: space after mark +\newcommand\tablehead[1]{% + \gdef\pt@head{% + \hline\hline + \relax\\[-1.7ex]% + #1\hskip\tabcolsep + \\[.7ex]% + \hline + \relax\\[-1.5ex]% + }% +}% +\def\tablehead@aj#1{% + \gdef\pt@head{% + #1\hskip\tabcolsep + \\[.7ex]% + \hline + \relax\\[-1.5ex]% + }% +}% +\newif\if@pt@rot +\newcommand\rotate{\@pt@rottrue}% +\newcommand\tabletail[1]{\gdef\pt@tail{#1}}% +\newcommand\tablewidth[1]{\pt@width=#1\relax}% +\newcommand\tableheadfrac[1]{\gdef\pt@headfrac{#1}}% +\AtBeginDocument{% + \let\pt@caption\@empty% + \let\pt@head\@empty% + \let\pt@tail\@empty% + \pt@width\textwidth% + %\def\pt@headfrac{.1}% + \def\pt@headfrac{\pt@headfrac@ass@normalsize}% initialize typesize to consider +}% % while calculating rows +\newdimen\tabbaseskip% +\def\pt@calcnlines{% + \begingroup% + \if@pt@rot\textheight\textwidth\fi% rotate tables + \pt@typesize% Type sizes in deluxetable + \@tempdima\pt@headfrac\textheight + \@tempdimb\textheight\advance\@tempdimb by -\@tempdima + \@tempdima\arraystretch\baselineskip + \global\tabbaseskip\baselineskip + \divide\@tempdimb by\@tempdima + \global\pt@nlines\@tempdimb + \endgroup +}% +\def\pt@tabacol{% + \edef\@preamble{\@preamble\hskip\tabcolsep\tabskip\fill}% +}% +\newdimen\pt@tmpcapwidth +\long\def\@makecaption@plano#1#2{% + \@ifdim{\pt@width>\z@}{% + \pt@tmpcapwidth\pt@width + }{% + \pt@tmpcapwidth\hsize + }% + \parbox{\pt@tmpcapwidth}{% + \@make@caption@text{#1}{#2}% + }% + \endcenter +}% +\def\fnum@ptable{Table \thetable}% +\def\fnum@ptablecont{Table \thetable---{\rmfamily Continued}}% +\long\def\@make@caption@text#1#2{% + \center\rmfamily#1.\quad#2\endcenter +}% +\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont#1#2{% + \center\rmfamily#1\endcenter + \vskip 2.5ex +}% +\def\fnum@ptablecont@pptt{Table \thetable---{\itshape Continued}}% +\long\def\@make@caption@text@pptt#1#2{% + \center\sc#1\\[.5ex]#2\endcenter +}% +\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont@pptt#1#2{% + \center\sc#1\endcenter + \vskip 1.5ex +}% +\def\fnum@ptable@apj{TABLE \thetable}% +\def\fnum@ptablecont@apj{TABLE \thetable---{\itshape Continued}}% +\long\def\@make@caption@text@apj#1#2{% + \center\Large\sc#1\\[.5ex]#2\endcenter +}% +\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont@apj#1#2{% + \center\Large\sc#1\endcenter + \vskip 1.5ex +}% +\def\fnum@ptable@aj{Table \thetable.}% +\def\fnum@ptablecont@aj{Table \thetable.\space{\rmfamily (continued)}}% +\long\def\@make@caption@text@aj#1#2{% + \center\large{\sc#1}\space#2\endcenter +}% +\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont@aj#1#2{% + \center\large{\sc#1}\endcenter + \vskip 1.5ex +}% +\newbox\spew@tblnotesbox% +\newbox\restof@tblnotesbox% +\global\newdimen\noteheight% +\global\newdimen\pt@tabnoteminht% +\global\pt@tabnoteminht=0pt% +\newenvironment{deluxetable}[1]{% + \maketitle + \def\pt@format{\string#1}% + \let\@acol\pt@tabacol% + \let\@tabularcr\@ptabularcr% + \let\@tablenotetext\@ptablenotetext% + \let\@tablenotes\@ptablenotes% + \global\pt@ncol\z@% + \global\pt@column\z@% + \global\pt@page\@ne% + \gdef\pt@addcol{\global\advance\pt@ncol\@ne}% + \if@pt@rot\leavevmode\fi% +}{% + \ifx\@typesize\pt@footnotesize%%% considering the table typesize in calculation + \global\pt@tabnoteminht=\pt@notemin@footnote\baselineskip + \else + \ifx\@typesize\pt@scriptsize + \global\pt@tabnoteminht=\pt@notemin@script\baselineskip + \else + \global\pt@tabnoteminht=\pt@notemin@normal\baselineskip + \fi + \fi + \global\advance\pt@tabnoteminht-\@abovenoteskip + \global\@abovenoteskip=0pt + \setbox\spew@tblnotesbox\vbox{\spew@tblnotes}% + %% + %% Finding the available space for tablenotes in current page + \if@pt@rot\global\noteheight\textwidth\else\global\noteheight\textheight\fi% + \global\advance\noteheight-\ht\captionbox% + \global\advance\noteheight-\pt@line\tabbaseskip + \if@twocolumn %% tables in preprint2 style + \ifx\@typesize\pt@scriptsize + \global\advance\noteheight-6\baselineskip% + \else + \global\advance\noteheight-3\baselineskip% + \fi + \else + \global\advance\noteheight-2\baselineskip% + \fi +%% +%% Print the maximum lines of notes below table within current page + \ifdim\noteheight<\pt@tabnoteminht% if not possible to keep the minimum two lines + \global\noteheight=0pt% % the whole notes move to next page. + \global\setbox\restof@tblnotesbox\vbox{\unvbox\spew@tblnotesbox}% + \else + %% + %% if possible two lines, check the length of notes + \ifdim\ht\spew@tblnotesbox>\noteheight% + % Print maximum notes in available space and store the remaining part + \hbox\@to\hsize{\hfil\vsplit\spew@tblnotesbox to \noteheight\hfil}% + \global\setbox\restof@tblnotesbox\vbox{\unvbox\spew@tblnotesbox}% + \else% + % Print the whole notes in current page. + \vbox{\hbox\@to\hsize{\hfil\box\spew@tblnotesbox\hfil}}% + \fi + \fi + \typeout@deluxetable% + \endcenter% + \end@plano@float% +%% +%% Print the remaining tablenotes into new page(s). +%% print each page until the remaining box empty. + \loop\ifvoid\restof@tblnotesbox\else% + \clearpage + %% + %% check whether the remaining box is a full/partial page + \ifdim\ht\restof@tblnotesbox<\if@pt@rot\hsize\else\vsize\fi% + \vbox to \textheight{\if@pt@rot\vfill\fi\hbox to \textwidth{\if@pt@rot\else\hfil\fi + \if@pt@rot\rotatebox{90}{\box\restof@tblnotesbox} + \else{\box\restof@tblnotesbox}\fi\hfil}\vfill}% + \else% + \vbox to \textheight{\vfill\hbox to \textwidth{\hfil% + \if@pt@rot\rotatebox{90}{\vsplit\restof@tblnotesbox to \textwidth} + \else{\vsplit\restof@tblnotesbox to \textheight}\fi\hfil}\vfill}% + \fi% + \clearpage + \repeat% + \addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}% + \tabletypesize{\normalsize}% +}% +\let@environment{planotable}{deluxetable}% +\def\@plano@float{% Invoked by \startdata + \begingroup% + \if@pt@rot\columnwidth\textheight\fi% Deluxetable table \rotate + \@plano@float@{table}% +}% +\def\end@plano@float{% S/B invoked by \enddata; instead by \enddeluxetable + \end@plano@float@\endgroup}% +\def\@plano@float@{\@float}% Extra layer of abstraction for float processing +\def\end@plano@float@{% +\end@float}% +\newdimen\firsttabskip +\firsttabskip-\hsize +\appdef\@endfloatbox{% +\if@pt@rot +\global\setbox\@currbox\vbox{\hskip\firsttabskip\global\firsttabskip\z@% +\rotatebox{90}{\box\@currbox}}\else\global\firsttabskip\z@\fi% +}% +\def\typeout@deluxetable@mss{% + \typeout{% + Table \thetable\space has been set to width \the\pt@width + }% +}% +\def\typeout@deluxetable@ppt{% + \typeout{% + Page \the\pt@page \space of table \thetable\space has been set to + width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page + }% +}% +\let\typeout@deluxetable\typeout@deluxetable@mss +\newcommand\startdata{% + \pt@calcnlines + \@ifdim{\pt@width>\z@}{% + \def\@halignto{\@to\pt@width}% + }{% + \def\@halignto{}% + }% + \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptable + \let\@makecaption\@makecaption@plano + \global\pt@line\z@ + \start@pt@tabular + \after@startdata +}% +\global\newbox\captionbox +\def\start@pt@tabular{\par% + \@plano@float + \center + \expandafter\caption\expandafter{\pt@caption}% + \global\setbox\captionbox\vbox{\expandafter\caption\expandafter{\pt@caption}} + \pt@typesize% Type sizes in deluxetable + \expandafter\@tabular\expandafter{\pt@format}% +}% +\def\set@pt@box#1{\setbox\pt@box}% +\def\after@startdata{\pt@head}% +\def\after@startdata@aj{\hline\hline\relax\\[-1.7ex]\pt@head}% +\def\enddata{% + \crcr + \noalign{\vskip .7ex}% + \before@enddata% + \endtabular% + \setbox\pt@box\lastbox% + \pt@width\wd\pt@box + \hbox \@to \hsize{\hfil\box\pt@box\hfil}% + \ignorespaces}% +\def\before@enddata{\hline}% +\def\before@enddata@aj{\hline\hline}% +\def\nl{\substitute@command\nl\\}% +\def\nextline{\substitute@command\nextline\\}% +\def\@ptabularcr{% + {\ifnum0=`}\fi% A klootch just in case the next token is & or \cr + \@ifstar{% + \@testopt{\@argptabularcr\@empty}\z@skip% + }{% + \@testopt{\@argptabularcr\ptable@@split}\z@skip% + }% +}% +\newdimen\pt@reduceline +\newdimen\extra@vspace +\extra@vspace\z@ +\def\@xargptarraycr#1{\@tempdima #1% + \global\advance\extra@vspace\@tempdima% % adding the optional spaces + \advance\@tempdima\dp \@arstrutbox% + \vrule \@height\z@ \@depth\@tempdima \@width\z@% + \global\pt@reduceline\arraystretch\tabbaseskip% total lines to be reduced + \@whilenum\pt@reduceline<\extra@vspace% % reducing the excess lines% + \do{% + \global\advance\extra@vspace-\pt@reduceline% + \global\advance\pt@line1 + }% +\cr}% +\def\@argptabularcr#1[#2]{% + \ifnum0=`{\fi}% To undo the effect of the klootch. + \@ifdim{#2>\z@}{% + \unskip\@xargptarraycr{#2}% + }{% + \@yargarraycr{#2}% + }\ptable@split#1% +}% +\def\ptable@split#1{% + \noalign{% + \global\advance\pt@line\@ne% + \@ifnum{\pt@line<\pt@nlines}{}{% + \aftergroup#1% + }% + }% +}% +\def\ptable@@split{% + \before@suspendpt% + \endtabular% + \setbox\pt@box\lastbox% + \pt@width\wd\pt@box\box\pt@box% + \typeout@pt@nl% + \global\advance\pt@page\@ne% + \endcenter% + \end@plano@float% + \clearpage + \global\extra@vspace\z@ + \addtocounter{table}{-2}% + \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptablecont% + \let\@makecaption\@makecaption@plano@cont% + \global\pt@ncol=\pt@column% Either 0 or value of \tablecolumns + \global\pt@line\z@% + \start@pt@tabular% + \before@resumept% + \pt@head% +}% +\def\before@suspendpt{}% +\def\before@resumept{}% +\def\before@suspendpt@aj{\@tabularcr\noalign{\vskip .7ex}\hline}% +\def\before@resumept@aj{\hline\relax\@tabularcr[-1.7ex]}% +\def\typeout@pt@nl@ppt{% + \typeout{% + Page \the\pt@page\space of table \thetable\space has been set to + width \the\pt@width + }% +}% +\def\typeout@pt@nl@mss{% + \typeout{% + Page \the\pt@page\space of table \thetable\space has been set to + width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page + }% +}% +\def\typeout@pt@nl@aj{% + \typeout{% + Table \thetable\space has been set to + width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page + }% +}% +\let\typeout@pt@nl\typeout@pt@nl@mss +\newcommand\tablevspace[1]{\substitute@command\tablevspace\\[#1]}% +\newcommand\tablebreak{\cr\ptable@@split}%\\{\cr\ptable@@split}% +\newcommand\cutinhead[1]{% + \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% + \hline + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip -4ex}% + \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}% + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip .8ex}% + \hline + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% +}% +\def\cutinhead@ppt#1{% + \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% + \hline + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% Style Note: in apj, it is -1.5ex + \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}% + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip .8ex}% + \hline + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% +}% +\newcommand\sidehead[1]{% + \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% + \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{@{\hskip\z@}l}{#1}% + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip .5ex}% +}% +\def\@ptablenotetext#1#2{% + \vspace{0ex}% Style Note: in ppt, it is gone + {%\parbox{\pt@width}% + {\hskip1em$^{\mathrm#1}$#2}\par}% +}% +\def\@ptablenotes#1{% + \par + \vspace{2ex}% + {\setlength\parskip{1.5ex}#1}% +}% +\def\@ptablenotes@apj#1{% + \par + \vspace{2ex}% + {#1}% +}% +\newcommand\tablerefs[1]{\ifdim\@abovenoteskip=0pt\global\@abovenoteskip=10pt\fi +\appgdef\tblnote@list{\hsize\pt@width\leftskip\z@\rightskip\z@% +\@tableref{\parfillskip\z@ plus1fil#1\endgraf}}}% +\def\@tableref#1{% + \par + \vspace*{3ex}% + {%\parbox{\pt@width} %%%% + {\hskip1em\rmfamily References. --- #1}\par}% +}% +\newcommand\tablecomments[1]{\ifdim\@abovenoteskip=0pt\global\@abovenoteskip=10pt\fi +\appgdef\tblnote@list{\hsize\pt@width\leftskip\z@\rightskip\z@% +\@tablecom{\parfillskip\z@ plus1fil#1\endgraf}}}% +\def\@tablecom#1{% + \par + \vspace*{3ex}% + {%\parbox{\pt@width} %%% +{\hskip1em\rmfamily Note. --- #1}\par}% +}% +\def\@tableref@pptt#1{% + \par + \vspace*{3ex}% + {%\parbox{\pt@width} %%% + {\hskip1em{\sc References.---}#1}\par}% +}% +\def\@tablecom@pptt#1{% + \vspace*{3ex}{% + %\parbox{\pt@width} %%% + {\hskip1em{\sc Note.---}#1}\par}% +}% +\newcounter{plate}% +\def\ftype@plate{4}% +\def\ext@plate{lof}% +\newenvironment{plate}{\@float{plate}}{\end@float}% +\newenvironment{plate*}{\@dblfloat{plate}}{\end@dblfloat}% +\let\platewidth=\tablewidth +\newcommand\platenum[1]{% + \def\theplate{#1}% + \let\@currentlabel\theplate + \addtocounter{plate}{\m@ne}% +}% +\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}% +\def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}% +\def\theplate{\@arabic\c@plate}% +\def\fnum@figure{{\rmfamily Fig.\space\thefigure.---}}% +\def\fnum@table{{\rmfamily Table \thetable:}}% +\def\fnum@plate{{\bfseries Plate \theplate.}}% +\def\fps@figure{bp}% +\def\fps@table{bp}% +\def\fps@plate{bp}% +\def\eps@scaling{1.0}% +\newcommand\epsscale[1]{\gdef\eps@scaling{#1}}% +\newcommand\plotone[1]{% + \typeout{Plotone included the file #1} + \centering + \leavevmode + \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\columnwidth}]{#1}% +}% +\newcommand\plottwo[2]{{% + \typeout{Plottwo included the files #1 #2} + \centering + \leavevmode + \columnwidth=.45\columnwidth + \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\columnwidth}]{#1}% + \hfil + \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\columnwidth}]{#2}% +}}% +\def\plotfiddle#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{{ +\typeout{Plotfiddle included the file #1} +\centering\leavevmode%% Re-implement from v4.0 +\vbox to #2{\rule{0pt}{#2}} +\hspace*{#6pt}\includegraphics[width=#4pt, height=#5pt, angle=#3, origin=c]{#1}}% +} +\let\jnl@style=\rmfamily +\def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1}}% +\newcommand\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}% + % Astronomical Journal +\newcommand\actaa{\ref@jnl{Acta Astron.}}% + % Acta Astronomica +\newcommand\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}% + % Annual Review of Astron and Astrophys +\newcommand\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% + % Astrophysical Journal +\newcommand\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% + % Astrophysical Journal, Letters +\newcommand\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}% + % Astrophysical Journal, Supplement +\newcommand\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.~Opt.}}% + % Applied Optics +\newcommand\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}% + % Astrophysics and Space Science +\newcommand\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}% + % Astronomy and Astrophysics +\newcommand\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}% + % Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews +\newcommand\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}% + % Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement +\newcommand\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}% + % Astronomicheskii Zhurnal +\newcommand\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}% + % Bulletin of the AAS +\newcommand\caa{\ref@jnl{Chinese Astron. Astrophys.}}% + % Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics +\newcommand\cjaa{\ref@jnl{Chinese J. Astron. Astrophys.}}% + % Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics +\newcommand\icarus{\ref@jnl{Icarus}}% + % Icarus +\newcommand\jcap{\ref@jnl{J. Cosmology Astropart. Phys.}}% + % Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics +\newcommand\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}% + % Journal of the RAS of Canada +\newcommand\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}% + % Memoirs of the RAS +\newcommand\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}% + % Monthly Notices of the RAS +\newcommand\na{\ref@jnl{New A}}% + % New Astronomy +\newcommand\nar{\ref@jnl{New A Rev.}}% + % New Astronomy Review +\newcommand\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~A}}% + % Physical Review A: General Physics +\newcommand\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~B}}% + % Physical Review B: Solid State +\newcommand\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~C}}% + % Physical Review C +\newcommand\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~D}}% + % Physical Review D +\newcommand\pre{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~E}}% + % Physical Review E +\newcommand\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~Lett.}}% + % Physical Review Letters +\newcommand\pasa{\ref@jnl{PASA}}% + % Publications of the Astron. Soc. of Australia +\newcommand\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}% + % Publications of the ASP +\newcommand\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}% + % Publications of the ASJ +\newcommand\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}% + % Quarterly Journal of the RAS +\newcommand\rmxaa{\ref@jnl{Rev. Mexicana Astron. Astrofis.}}% + % Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica +\newcommand\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}% + % Sky and Telescope +\newcommand\solphys{\ref@jnl{Sol.~Phys.}}% + % Solar Physics +\newcommand\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}% + % Soviet Astronomy +\newcommand\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.~Rev.}}% + % Space Science Reviews +\newcommand\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}% + % Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik +\newcommand\nat{\ref@jnl{Nature}}% + % Nature +\newcommand\iaucirc{\ref@jnl{IAU~Circ.}}% + % IAU Cirulars +\newcommand\aplett{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Lett.}}% + % Astrophysics Letters and Communications +\newcommand\apspr{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.}}% + % Astrophysics Space Physics Research +\newcommand\bain{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands}}% + % Bulletin Astronomical Institute of the Netherlands +\newcommand\fcp{\ref@jnl{Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.}}% + % Fundamental Cosmic Physics +\newcommand\gca{\ref@jnl{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}}% + % Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta +\newcommand\grl{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}}% + % Geophysics Research Letters +\newcommand\jcp{\ref@jnl{J.~Chem.~Phys.}}% + % Journal of Chemical Physics +\newcommand\jgr{\ref@jnl{J.~Geophys.~Res.}}% + % Journal of Geophysical Research +\newcommand\jqsrt{\ref@jnl{J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.}}% + % Journal of Quantitiative Spectroscopy and Radiative Trasfer +\newcommand\memsai{\ref@jnl{Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana}}% + % Mem. Societa Astronomica Italiana +\newcommand\nphysa{\ref@jnl{Nucl.~Phys.~A}}% + % Nuclear Physics A +\newcommand\physrep{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rep.}}% + % Physics Reports +\newcommand\physscr{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Scr}}% + % Physica Scripta +\newcommand\planss{\ref@jnl{Planet.~Space~Sci.}}% + % Planetary Space Science +\newcommand\procspie{\ref@jnl{Proc.~SPIE}}% + % Proceedings of the SPIE +\let\astap=\aap +\let\apjlett=\apjl +\let\apjsupp=\apjs +\let\applopt=\ao +\newcommand\phn{\phantom{0}}% +\newcommand\phd{\phantom{.}}% +\newcommand\phs{\phantom{$-$}}% +\newcommand\phm[1]{\phantom{#1}}% +\let\la=\lesssim % For Springer A&A compliance... +\let\ga=\gtrsim +\newcommand\sq{\mbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}% +\newcommand\arcdeg{\mbox{$^\circ$}}% +\newcommand\arcmin{\mbox{$^\prime$}}% +\newcommand\arcsec{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}% +\newcommand\fd{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm d}$}}% +\newcommand\fh{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm h}$}}% +\newcommand\fm{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm m}$}}% +\newcommand\fs{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm s}$}}% +\newcommand\fdg{\mbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}% +\newcommand\farcm@mss{\mbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}% +\let\farcm\farcm@mss +\newcommand\farcs@mss{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}% +\let\farcs\farcs@mss +\newcommand\fp{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm p}$}}% +\newcommand\micron{\mbox{$\mu$m}}% +\def\farcm@apj{% + \mbox{.\kern -0.7ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime$}}% +}% +\def\farcs@apj{% + \mbox{% + \kern 0.13ex.% + \kern -0.95ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime\prime$}% + \kern -0.1ex% + }% +}% +\newcommand\case[2]{\mbox{$\frac{#1}{#2}$}}% +\newcommand\slantfrac{\case}% +\newcommand\onehalf{\slantfrac{1}{2}}% +\newcommand\onethird{\slantfrac{1}{3}}% +\newcommand\twothirds{\slantfrac{2}{3}}% +\newcommand\onequarter{\slantfrac{1}{4}}% +\newcommand\threequarters{\slantfrac{3}{4}}% +\newcommand\ubvr{\mbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}%% UBVR system +\newcommand\ub{\mbox{$U\!-\!B$}}% % U-B +\newcommand\bv{\mbox{$B\!-\!V$}}% % B-V +\newcommand\vr{\mbox{$V\!-\!R$}}% % V-R +\newcommand\ur{\mbox{$U\!-\!R$}}% % U-R +\newcommand\ion[2]{#1$\;${\small\rmfamily\@Roman{#2}}\relax}% +\newcommand\nodata{ ~$\cdots$~ }% +\newcommand\diameter{\ooalign{\hfil/\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}% +\newcommand\degr{\arcdeg}% +\newcommand\Sun{\sun}% Sun symbol, "S" +\newcommand\Sol{\sun}% +\newcommand\sun{\odot}% +\newcommand\Mercury{\astro{\char1}}% Mercury symbol, "1" +\newcommand\Venus{\astro{\char2}}% Venus symbol, "2" +\newcommand\Earth{\earth}% Earth symbol, "3" +\newcommand\Terra{\earth}% +\newcommand\earth{\oplus}% +\newcommand\Mars{\astro{\char4}}% Mars symbol, "4" +\newcommand\Jupiter{\astro{\char5}}% Jupiter symbol, "5" +\newcommand\Saturn{\astro{\char6}}% Saturn symbol, "6" +\newcommand\Uranus{\astro{\char7}}% Uranus symbol, "7" +\newcommand\Neptune{\astro{\char8}}% Neptune symbol, "8" +\newcommand\Pluto{\astro{\char9}}% Pluo symbol, "9" +\newcommand\Moon{\astro{\char10}}% Moon symbol, "M" +\newcommand\Luna{\Moon}% +\newcommand\Aries{\astro{\char11}}% +\newcommand\VEq{\Aries}% vernal equinox (Aries) +\newcommand\Taurus{\astro{\char12}}% +\newcommand\Gemini{\astro{\char13}}% +\newcommand\Cancer{\astro{\char14}}% +\newcommand\Leo{\astro{\char15}}% +\newcommand\Virgo{\astro{\char16}}% +\newcommand\Libra{\astro{\char17}}% +\newcommand\AEq{\Libra}% autumnal equinox (Libra) +\newcommand\Scorpius{\astro{\char18}}% +\newcommand\Sagittarius{\astro{\char19}}% +\newcommand\Capricornus{\astro{\char20}}% +\newcommand\Aquarius{\astro{\char21}}% +\newcommand\Pisces{\astro{\char22}}% +\def\load@astro{% + \dimen@=1\aas@ptsize\p@ + \font\astro@font=Astrosym at\dimen@ +}% +\def\astro#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\astro@font#1}}% +\def\astro@font{% + \ClassWarning{aastex}{% + Please use class option `astro', since you are using the astro font.% + }% +}% +\newcommand\sbond{\chem@bnd{\@sbnd}}% +\newcommand\dbond{\chem@bnd{\@dbnd}}% +\newcommand\tbond{\chem@bnd{\@tbnd}}% +\def\chem@bnd#1{% + {% + \kern.1em\relax + \setbox\z@\hbox{M}% + \dimen@ii.8em\relax + \p@=.1em\relax + \dimen@.5\ht\z@\dimen@i-\dimen@ + \advance\dimen@1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i-1.0\p@ + #1% + \kern.1em\relax + }% + }% +\def\@sbnd{% + \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + }% +\def\@dbnd{% + \advance\dimen@-0.5\p@\advance\dimen@i0.5\p@ + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ + \hskip-\dimen@ii + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + }% +\def\@tbnd{% + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ + \hskip-\dimen@ii + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ + \hskip-\dimen@ii + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + }% +\renewcommand\LaTeX{% + \leavevmode + L% + \raise.42ex\hbox{% + \count@=\the\fam + $\fam\count@\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$% + }% + \kern-.15em\TeX +}% +\newcommand\anchor[2]{#2}% +\newcommand\url{\@dblarg\@url}% +\def\@url[#1]{\anchor{#1}}% +\def\@text@email#1{#1}% +\def\authoremail{\substitute@command\authoremail\email}% +\newcommand\objectname{\@testopt\@objectname{[}} +\def\@objectname[#1]#2{#2}% +\newcommand\object{\@testopt\@object{[}}% +\def\@object[#1]#2{#2}% +%% macro for facility +\newcommand\facility{\@testopt\@facility{[}}% +\def\@facility[#1]#2{#2}% +%% macro for supportfrom +\newcommand\supportfrom{\@testopt\@supportfrom{[}}% +\def\@supportfrom[#1]#2{#2}% +%% macro for dataset +\newcommand\dataset{\@testopt\@dataset{[}}% +\def\@dataset[#1]#2{#2}% +\newcommand\sizrpt{% + (\fontname\the\font): em=\the\fontdimen6\font, ex=\the\fontdimen5\font + \typeout{% + (\fontname\the\font): em=\the\fontdimen6\font, ex=\the\fontdimen5\font + }% +}% +\def\aas@preprint{% + \def\revtex@genre{preprint}% + \let\ptlandscape\@empty + \setlength\@slugcmmntwidth{.67\textwidth}% + \let\@makeslugcmmnt\@makeslugcmmnt@ppt + \let\@abstract\@abstract@ppt + \let\make@title\make@title@ppt + \let\make@affil\make@affil@ppt + \let\notetoeditor\@gobble + \let\clear@section@page\@empty + \let\placetable\@gobble + \let\placefigure\@gobble + \let\placeplate\@gobble + \let\typeout@deluxetable\typeout@deluxetable@ppt + \let\typeout@pt@nl\typeout@pt@nl@mss + \ps@plaintop + \let\references@refpar\references@refpar@mss + \let\cutinhead\cutinhead@ppt + \def\pt@headfrac@ass@normalsize{.1} + \def\pt@headfrac@ass@footnotesize{.12} + \def\pt@headfrac@ass@scriptsize{.15} + \def\pt@notemin@normal{4.5} + \def\pt@notemin@footnote{4.5} + \def\pt@notemin@script{5} +}% +\@namedef{aas@preprint2}{% + \aas@preprint + \def\revtex@genre{2-column preprint}% + \ps@plain + \@twocolumntrue + \@rightskip=\z@\@plus4em + \rightskip\@rightskip + \opt@just + \just@just % -SZ restored preprint2 to full justification + \setlength\parindent{1.2em}% + \setlength\parskip{0.5ex}% + \setlength\columnsep{0.5in}% + \setlength\hoffset{-0.2in}% + \tolerance=600 + \setlength\emergencystretch{6\p@}% + \def\baselinestretch{1.0}% + \def\@tightleading{1.0}% + \let\singlespace\@empty + \let\doublespace\@empty + \let\@dates\@dates@pptt + \let\@abstract\@abstract@pptt + \let\make@title\make@title@pptt + \let\make@author\make@author@pptt + \let\make@affil\make@affil@pptt + \let\@keywords\@keywords@pptt + \setlength{\skip\footins}{3ex\@plus1ex\@minus.5ex}% + \setlength\footnotesep{2ex}% + \let\@makefntext\@makefntext@pptt + \let\section\section@pptt + \let\subsection\subsection@pptt + \let\subsubsection\subsubsection@pptt + \let\section@centering\@empty + \let\appendix@figtab@defs\appendix@figtab@defs@pptt + \def\clear@thebibliography@page{% + \if@restonecol\if@twocolumn\else\twocolumn\fi\fi + }% + \let\references@refpar\references@refpar@pptt + \let\thebib@list\thebib@list@pptt + \let\@tablenotes\@tablenotes@pptt + \let\fnum@ptablecont\fnum@ptablecont@pptt + \let\@make@caption@text\@make@caption@text@pptt + \let\@makecaption@plano@cont\@makecaption@plano@cont@pptt + \let\cutinhead\cutinhead@ppt + \def\@plano@float@{\@dblfloat}% Extra layer of abstraction for float processing + \def\end@plano@float@{\end@dblfloat}% + %\let\@tableref\@tableref@pptt + \let\@tablecom\@tablecom@pptt + \def\pt@headfrac@ass@normalsize{.12} + \def\pt@headfrac@ass@footnotesize{.15} + \def\pt@headfrac@ass@scriptsize{.18} + \def\pt@notemin@normal{5} + \def\pt@notemin@footnote{5} + \def\pt@notemin@script{5} +}% +\def\section@pptt{% + \@startsection{section}{1}% + {\z@}{2.3ex\@plus1ex\@minus.2ex}% + {1.5ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% +}% +\def\subsection@pptt{% + \@startsection{subsection}{2}% + {\z@}{2ex\@plus1ex\@minus.2ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% +}% +\def\subsubsection@pptt{% + \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}% + {\z@}{2ex\@plus1ex\@minus.2ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\itshape}% +}% +\def\aas@manuscript{% + \def\revtex@genre{manuscript}% + \let\ptlandscape\@empty + \def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}% + \let\footnote@size\@empty + \def\tighten{\def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}}% + \def\singlespace{}% + \def\doublespace{}% + \opt@tighten + \setlength\@slugcmmntwidth{\textwidth}% + \let\@makeslugcmmnt\@makeslugcmmnt@mss + \@rightskip=\z@\@plus4em + \rightskip\@rightskip + \opt@just + \let\sluginfo\sluginfo@mss + \let\@abstract\@abstract@mss + \let\@keywords\@keywords@mss % pagebreak after keywords + \let\make@title\make@title@mss + \def\clear@section@page{\clearpage}% + \def\clear@thebibliography@page{\clearpage}% + \let\typeout@deluxetable\typeout@deluxetable@mss + \let\typeout@pt@nl\typeout@pt@nl@mss + \ps@plaintop + \let\references@refpar\references@refpar@mss + \def\pt@headfrac@ass@normalsize{.08} + \def\pt@headfrac@ass@footnotesize{.1} + \def\pt@headfrac@ass@scriptsize{.12} + \def\pt@notemin@normal{3} + \def\pt@notemin@footnote{3} + \def\pt@notemin@script{4} +}% +\def\journal{\@gobble}% +\def\volume{\@gobble}% +\def\issue{\@gobble}% +\def\SGMLbi#1{#1}% +\def\SGMLbsc#1{#1}% +\def\SGMLclc#1{#1}% +\def\SGMLentity#1{\}% +\def\SGML{\@gobble}% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% +%% Modify the |\@makecol| macro for one-column abstract. +\newif\if@printfoot% +\global\@printfoottrue% +\global\newbox\my@footins +\gdef \@makecol@pptt {% + \ifvoid\footins + \setbox\@outputbox \box\@cclv + \else + \if@printfoot + \else + \global\setbox\my@footins\vbox{\box\footins} + %\global\advance\c@colht by -\ht\my@footins + \fi + \setbox\@outputbox \vbox{% + \global\setbox\footins\vbox{\unvbox\my@footins\unvbox\footins} + \boxmaxdepth \@maxdepth + \unvbox\@cclv + \if@printfoot + \vskip\skip\footins + \color@begingroup + \normalcolor + \footnoterule + \unvbox \footins + \color@endgroup + \else + \global\@printfoottrue + \fi + }% + \fi + \xdef\@freelist{\@freelist\@midlist}% + \global \let \@midlist \@empty + \@combinefloats + \ifvbox\@kludgeins + \@makespecialcolbox + \else + \setbox\@outputbox \vbox to \@colht{% + \@texttop + \dimen@ \dp\@outputbox + \unvbox \@outputbox + \ifbotragg% + \vskip -\dimen@ + \@textbottom + \fi + }% + \fi + \global \maxdepth \@maxdepth +} +%% +%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% macro to switch from one-column long abstract to two-column normal text +\iflong@abstract +\newtoks\juo@sar \juo@sar={} +\def\@ca#1#2#3#4{} +\@ifundefined{stripsep}{\newskip\stripsep\stripsep 15pt}{} +\newskip\m@addvipersep +\m@addvipersep\z@ +\newskip\c@addvipersep +\c@addvipersep\z@ +\newdimen\ht@strip +\newdimen\right@cor +\newdimen\cor@height \cor@height=0pt +\newdimen\juo@pr +\newdimen\juo@ht +\newbox\@viper +\newcount\juo@sk +\newdimen\c@colht +\newbox\my@outputbox +%% macro for adding strip +\def\add@strip#1#2#3#4{\begingroup% + \xdef\ex@{\global\noexpand\juo@sar{\the\juo@sar\noexpand\@ca{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}\ex@% +\endgroup} +%% macro for remove strip +\def\remove@strip#1{\ifx#1\@empty\global\juo@sk=0\else + \global\advance\juo@sk by-1\expandafter\next@item\the #1\@@#1\fi} +\def\next@item \@ca#1#2#3#4#5\@@#6{\global #6={#5}\global\juo@pr=#1\global\juo@ht=#2% +\global\cor@height=#3\global\m@addvipersep=#4} +%% macro for strip command +\def\strip{\@ifnextchar[{\@strip}{\@strip[0pt/0pt]}} +\def\@strip[#1/#2]{\global\@tempdima=#1\global\@tempdimb=#2% + \global \setbox\@viper\vbox\bgroup% + \hsize\textwidth + \@parboxrestore + \col@number \@ne + \vrule height\topskip width\z@ depth\z@} +\def\endstrip{% + \egroup + \if@firstcolumn + \ifdim\pagetotal>\z@ + \global\ht@strip\pagegoal + \global\advance\ht@strip by-\pagetotal + \global\advance\ht@strip by-\stripsep + \global\advance\ht@strip by-\ht\@viper + \global\advance\ht@strip by-\stripsep + \global\juo@ht=\ht\@viper + \else + \global\ht@strip\z@ + \fi + \ifdim\ht@strip>\z@ + \add@strip{\the\pagetotal}{\the\juo@ht}{\the\@tempdima}{\the\@tempdimb}% + \global\advance\juo@sk by1 + \fi + \fi +} +\newif\ifbotragg\botraggfalse +\def\@outputdblcol@pptt{% +\if@firstcolumn + \global\@firstcolumnfalse + \global\setbox\@leftcolumn\box\@outputbox + \global\c@colht\@colht\global\c@addvipersep\z@ + \ifnum\juo@sk>0 + \remove@strip\juo@sar + \global\@colht\the\juo@pr + \global\@printfootfalse + \ifdim\right@cor>\z@ + \global\advance\@colht by\right@cor + \fi + \global\advance\@colht by\cor@height + \global\cor@height=0pt + \fi +\else + \ifdim\c@colht>\@colht% + \@tempdima\@colht% + \ifdim\@colht>\z@%% + \ifvoid\footins% + \else% + \vskip-\skip\footins% + \fi% + \splittopskip0pt% + \setbox\my@outputbox\vbox{% + \vspace*{\@colht}%% + \global\botraggfalse% + \vskip.7\baselineskip% + \vsplit\@outputbox to \baselineskip% + \unvbox\@outputbox}% + \unvbox\my@outputbox% + \ifvoid\my@outputbox% + \global\botraggtrue + \fi% + \global \@printfoottrue + \global\c@addvipersep\m@addvipersep% + \else% + \fi% + \ifnum\juo@sk>0% + \else% + \global\@colht\c@colht% + \fi% + \else% + \global \@firstcolumntrue% + \global\setbox\@outputbox\vbox to \ht\@leftcolumn{\unvbox\@outputbox}% + \setbox\@outputbox \vbox{\hb@xt@\textwidth {% + \hb@xt@\columnwidth {\box\@leftcolumn \hss}% + \hfil + \vrule \@width\columnseprule + \hfil + \hb@xt@\columnwidth{\box\@outputbox \hss}}% + \vss}% + \@combinedblfloats + \@outputpage + \begingroup + \@dblfloatplacement + \@startdblcolumn + \@whilesw\if@fcolmade \fi + {\@outputpage\@startdblcolumn}% + \endgroup + \global\juo@sk=0\global\juo@sar={}% + \global\cor@height\z@\global\c@addvipersep\z@ + \fi +\fi +} +\fi +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `aastex.cls'. Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/aps10pt4-1.rtx =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/aps10pt4-1.rtx (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/aps10pt4-1.rtx (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +%% +%% This is file `aps10pt4-1.rtx', +%% generated with the docstrip utility. +%% +%% The original source files were: +%% +%% revtex4-1.dtx (with options: `10pt') +%% +%% This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution. +%% For the version number, search on the string +%% Original version by David Carlisle +%% Modified by Arthur Ogawa (mailto:arthur_ogawa at sbcglobal dot net) +%% +%% Copyright (c) 2009 The American Physical Society. +%% http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ +%% mailto:revtex4@aps.org +%% +%% See the REVTeX 4 README file for restrictions and more information. +%% +\ProvidesFile{aps10pt4-1} + [2010/07/25/20:33:00 4.1r (http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ for documentation)]% \fileversion +\ifx\undefined\substyle@ext + \def\@tempa{% + \endinput + \GenericWarning{I must be read in by REVTeX! (Bailing out)}% + }% + \expandafter\else + \def\@tempa{}% + \expandafter\fi\@tempa + \class@info{RevTeX pointsize 10pt selected}% +\def\normalsize{% + \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{11.5}% + \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@ + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip + \abovedisplayshortskip \abovedisplayskip + \belowdisplayshortskip \abovedisplayskip + \let\@listi\@listI +}% +\def\small{% + \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{10.5}% + \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@ + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip + \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@ + \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ + \def\@listi{% + \leftmargin\leftmargini + \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ + \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ + \itemsep \parsep + }% +}% +\def\footnotesize{% + \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{9.5pt}% + \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip + \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@ + \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@ + \def\@listi{% + \leftmargin\leftmargini + \topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ + \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ + \itemsep \parsep + }% +}% +\def\scriptsize{% + \@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt +}% +\def\tiny{% + \@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt +}% +\def\large{% + \@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14pt}% +}% +\def\Large{% + \@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18pt}% +}% +\def\LARGE{% + \@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22pt}% +}% +\def\huge{% + \@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25pt}% +}% +\def\Huge{% + \@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30pt}% +}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \twoside@sw{% + \oddsidemargin -20pt + \evensidemargin -20pt + \marginparwidth 107pt + }{% + \oddsidemargin -.25in + \evensidemargin -.25in + \marginparwidth 30pt + }% +}% +\marginparsep 6pt +\topmargin -61pt +\headheight 25pt +\headsep 16pt +\topskip 10pt +\splittopskip\topskip +\footskip 30pt + \textheight = 56pc +\textwidth42.5pc +\columnsep 1.5pc +\columnseprule 0pt +\footnotesep 1pt +\skip\footins 39pt plus 4pt minus 12pt +\def\footnoterule{% + \dimen@\skip\footins\divide\dimen@\tw@ + \kern-\dimen@\hrule width.5in\kern\dimen@ +}% +\floatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt +\textfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt +\intextsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt +\dblfloatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt +\dbltextfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt +\@fptop 0pt plus 1fil +\@fpsep 8pt plus 2fil +\@fpbot 0pt plus 1fil +\@dblfptop 0pt plus 1fil +\@dblfpsep 8pt plus 2fil +\@dblfpbot 0pt plus 1fil +\marginparpush 5pt +\parskip 0pt plus 1pt +\parindent 10pt +\emergencystretch8\p@ +\partopsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt +\leftmargini 25pt +\leftmarginii 22pt +\leftmarginiii 18.7pt +\leftmarginiv 17pt +\leftmarginv 10pt +\leftmarginvi 10pt +\def\@listI{% + \leftmargin\leftmargini + \parsep 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus\p@ + \topsep 8\p@ plus2\p@ minus4\p@ + \itemsep 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus\p@ +}% +\labelsep 4pt +\def\@listii{% + \leftmargin\leftmarginii + \labelwidth\leftmarginii + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep + \topsep 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus\p@ + \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ + \itemsep \parsep +}% +\def\@listiii{% + \leftmargin\leftmarginiii + \labelwidth\leftmarginiii + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep + \topsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ + \parsep \z@ + \partopsep \p@ plus\z@ minus\p@ + \itemsep \topsep +}% +\def\@listiv{% + \leftmargin\leftmarginiv + \labelwidth\leftmarginiv + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep +}% +\def\@listv{% + \leftmargin\leftmarginv + \labelwidth\leftmarginv + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep +}% +\def\@listvi{% + \leftmargin\leftmarginvi + \labelwidth\leftmarginvi + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep +}% +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `aps10pt4-1.rtx'. Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/aps4-1.rtx =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/aps4-1.rtx (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/aps4-1.rtx (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,641 @@ +%% +%% This is file `aps4-1.rtx', +%% generated with the docstrip utility. +%% +%% The original source files were: +%% +%% revtex4-1.dtx (with options: `aps') +%% +%% This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution. +%% For the version number, search on the string +%% Original version by David Carlisle +%% Modified by Arthur Ogawa (mailto:arthur_ogawa at sbcglobal dot net) +%% +%% Copyright (c) 2009 The American Physical Society. +%% http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ +%% mailto:revtex4@aps.org +%% +%% See the REVTeX 4 README file for restrictions and more information. +%% +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1996/12/01]% +\ProvidesFile{aps4-1} + [2010/07/25/20:33:00 4.1r (http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ for documentation)]% \fileversion +\ifx\undefined\substyle@ext + \def\@tempa{% + \endinput + \GenericWarning{I must be read in by REVTeX! (Bailing out)}% + }% + \expandafter\else + \def\@tempa{}% + \expandafter\fi\@tempa + \class@info{RevTeX society APS selected}% +\DeclareOption{pra}{\change@journal{pra}}% +\DeclareOption{prb}{\change@journal{prb}}% +\DeclareOption{prc}{\change@journal{prc}}% +\DeclareOption{prd}{\change@journal{prd}}% +\DeclareOption{pre}{\change@journal{pre}}% +\DeclareOption{prl}{\change@journal{prl}}% +\DeclareOption{prstab}{\change@journal{prstab}}% +\DeclareOption{prstper}{\change@journal{prstper}}% +\DeclareOption{rmp}{\change@journal{rmp}}% +\def\ao{Appl.\ Opt.}% +\def\ap{Appl.\ Phys.}% +\def\apl{Appl.\ Phys.\ Lett.}% +\def\apj{Astrophys.\ J.}% +\def\bell{Bell Syst.\ Tech.\ J.}% +\def\jqe{IEEE J.\ Quantum Electron.}% +\def\assp{IEEE Trans.\ Acoust.\ Speech Signal Process.}% +\def\aprop{IEEE Trans.\ Antennas Propag.}% +\def\mtt{IEEE Trans.\ Microwave Theory Tech.}% +\def\iovs{Invest.\ Ophthalmol.\ Vis.\ Sci.}% +\def\jcp{J.\ Chem.\ Phys.}% +\def\jmo{J.\ Mod.\ Opt.}% +\def\josa{J.\ Opt.\ Soc.\ Am.}% +\def\josaa{J.\ Opt.\ Soc.\ Am.\ A}% +\def\josab{J.\ Opt.\ Soc.\ Am.\ B}% +\def\jpp{J.\ Phys.\ (Paris)}% +\def\nat{Nature (London)}% +\def\oc{Opt.\ Commun.}% +\def\ol{Opt.\ Lett.}% +\def\pl{Phys.\ Lett.}% +\def\pra{Phys.\ Rev.\ A}% +\def\prb{Phys.\ Rev.\ B}% +\def\prc{Phys.\ Rev.\ C}% +\def\prd{Phys.\ Rev.\ D}% +\def\pre{Phys.\ Rev.\ E}% +\def\prl{Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.}% +\def\rmp{Rev.\ Mod.\ Phys.}% +\def\pspie{Proc.\ Soc.\ Photo-Opt.\ Instrum.\ Eng.}% +\def\sjqe{Sov.\ J.\ Quantum Electron.}% +\def\vr{Vision Res.}% +\def\@fnsymbol#1{% + \ensuremath{% + \ifcase#1\or + *\or + \dagger\or + \ddagger\or + \mathsection\or + \mathparagraph\or + **\or + \dagger\dagger\or + \ddagger\ddagger\else + \mathsection\mathsection\or + \mathparagraph\mathparagraph\or + ***\or + \dagger\dagger\dagger\or + \ddagger\ddagger\ddagger\else + \mathsection\mathsection\mathsection\or + \mathparagraph\mathparagraph\mathparagraph\or + \@ctrerr + \fi + }% +}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \@ifxundefined\TextOrMath{% + \DeclareRobustCommand\TextOrMath{\@ifmmode{\false@sw}{\true@sw}}% + }{}% +}% +\let\thefootnote@latex\thefootnote +\clo@groupedaddress +\renewenvironment{titlepage}{% + \let\wastwocol@sw\twocolumn@sw + \onecolumngrid + \newpage + \thispagestyle{titlepage}% + \c@page\z@ +}{% + \wastwocol@sw{\twocolumngrid}{\newpage}% +}% +\def\frontmatter@abstractheading{% + \preprintsty@sw{% + \begingroup + \centering\large + \abstractname + \par + \endgroup + }{}% +}% +\def\frontmatter@abstractwidth{400\p@}% +\def\frontmatter@abstractfont{% + \small + \parindent1em\relax + \adjust@abstractwidth +}% +\def\adjust@abstractwidth{% + \dimen@\textwidth\advance\dimen@-\frontmatter@abstractwidth + \divide\dimen@\tw@ + \galley@sw{% + \advance\rightskip\tw@\dimen@ + }{% + \advance\leftskip\dimen@ + \advance\rightskip\dimen@ + }% + \@totalleftmargin\leftskip +}% +\@booleanfalse\preprintsty@sw +\@booleantrue\titlepage@sw +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \preprintsty@sw{% + \ps@preprint + \def\frontmatter@abstractwidth{\textwidth}% + \def\frontmatter@affiliationfont{\it}% + \let\section\section@preprintsty + \let\subsection\subsection@preprintsty + \let\subsubsection\subsubsection@preprintsty + }{% + \ps@article + }% +}% +\def\frontmatter@authorformat{% + \skip@\@flushglue + \@flushglue\z@ plus.3\hsize\relax + \centering + \advance\baselineskip\p@ + \parskip11.5\p@\relax + \@flushglue\skip@ +}% +\def\frontmatter@above@affilgroup{% +}% +\def\frontmatter@above@affiliation@script{% + \skip@\@flushglue + \@flushglue\z@ plus.3\hsize\relax + \centering + \@flushglue\skip@ + \addvspace{3.5\p@}% +}% +\def\frontmatter@above@affiliation{% + \preprintsty@sw{}{% + }% +}% +\def\frontmatter@affiliationfont{% + \small\it +}% +\def\frontmatter@collaboration@above{% + \preprintsty@sw{% + }{% + \parskip1.5\p@\relax + }% +}% +\def\frontmatter@setup{% + \normalfont +}% +\def\frontmatter@title@above{\addvspace{6\p@}}% +\def\frontmatter@title@format{\large\bfseries\centering\parskip\z@skip}% +\def\frontmatter@title@below{}% +\def\@author@parskip{3\p@}% +\def\frontmatter@makefnmark{% + \@textsuperscript{% + \normalfont\@thefnmark + }% +}% +\def\frontmatter@authorbelow{% + \addvspace{3\p@}% +}% +\def\frontmatter@RRAP@format{% + \small + \centering + \everypar{\hbox\bgroup(\@gobble@leavemode@uppercase}% + \def\par{\@ifvmode{}{\unskip)\egroup\@@par}}% +}% +\def\punct@RRAP{;\egroup\ \hbox\bgroup}% +\def\@gobble@leavemode@uppercase#1#2{\expandafter\MakeTextUppercase}% +\def\frontmatter@PACS@format{% + \addvspace{11\p@}% + \footnotesize + \adjust@abstractwidth + \parindent\z@ + \parskip\z@skip + \samepage +}% +\def\frontmatter@keys@format{% + \footnotesize + \adjust@abstractwidth + \parindent\z@ + \samepage +}% +\def\ps@titlepage{% + \def\@oddhead{% + \hfill + \preprint@sw{% + \expandafter\produce@preprints\expandafter{\@preprint}% + }{}% + }% + \let\@evenhead\@oddhead + \def\@oddfoot{% + \hb@xt@\z@{\byrevtex\hss}% + \hfil + \preprintsty@sw{\thepage}{}% + \quad\checkindate + \hfil + }% + \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot +}% +\def\byrevtex{\byrevtex@sw{Typeset by REV\TeX}{}}% +\def\produce@preprints#1{% + \vtop to \z@{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \small + \let\preprint\preprint@count + \count@\z@ + #1% + \@ifnum{\count@>\tw@}{% + \hbox{% + \let\preprint\preprint@hlist + #1% + \setbox\z@\lastbox + }% + }{% + \let\preprint\preprint@cr + \halign{\hfil##\cr#1\crcr}% + \par + \vss + }% + }% +}% +\def\preprint@cr#1{#1\cr}% +\def\preprint@count#1{\advance\count@\@ne}% +\def\preprint@hlist#1{#1\hbox{, }}% +\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname.\quad}% +\def\@hang@from#1#2#3{#1#2#3}% +\def\section{% + \@startsection + {section}% + {1}% + {\z@}% + {0.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {0.5cm}% + {% + \normalfont\small\bfseries + \centering + }% +}% +\def\@hangfrom@section#1#2#3{\@hangfrom{#1#2}\MakeTextUppercase{#3}}% +\def\@hangfroms@section#1#2{#1\MakeTextUppercase{#2}}% +\def\subsection{% + \@startsection + {subsection}% + {2}% + {\z@}% + {.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {.5cm}% + {% + \normalfont\small\bfseries + \centering + }% +}% +\def\subsubsection{% + \@startsection + {subsubsection}% + {3}% + {\z@}% + {.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {.5cm}% + {% + \normalfont\small\itshape + \centering + }% +}% +\def\paragraph{% + \@startsection + {paragraph}% + {4}% + {\parindent}% + {\z@}% + {-1em}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}% +}% +\def\subparagraph{% + \@startsection + {subparagraph}% + {5}% + {\parindent}% + {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {-1em}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}% +}% +\def\section@preprintsty{% + \@startsection + {section}% + {1}% + {\z@}% + {0.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {0.5cm}% + {% + \normalfont\small\bfseries + }% +}% +\def\subsection@preprintsty{% + \@startsection + {subsection}% + {2}% + {\z@}% + {.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {.5cm}% + {% + \normalfont\small\bfseries + }% +}% +\def\subsubsection@preprintsty{% + \@startsection + {subsubsection}% + {3}% + {\z@}% + {.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {.5cm}% + {% + \normalfont\small\itshape + }% +}% +\let\frontmatter@footnote@produce\frontmatter@footnote@produce@footnote +\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}% +\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}% +\def\@dotsep{2}% +\def\ltxu@dotsep{4.5pt}% +\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}% +\def\tableofcontents{% + \addtocontents{toc}{\string\tocdepth@munge}% + \print@toc{toc}% + \addtocontents{toc}{\string\tocdepth@restore}% +}% +\def\tocdepth@munge{% + \let\l@section@saved\l@section + \let\l@section\@gobble@tw@ +}% +\def\@gobble@tw@#1#2{}% +\def\tocdepth@restore{% + \let\l@section\l@section@saved +}% +\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}% + \begingroup + \set@tocdim@pagenum\@tempboxa{#2}% + \parindent \z@ + \rightskip\tocleft@pagenum plus 1fil\relax + \skip@\parfillskip\parfillskip\z@ + \addvspace{2.25em plus\p@}% + \large \bf % + \leavevmode\ignorespaces#1\unskip\nobreak\hskip\skip@ + \hb@xt@\rightskip{\hfil\unhbox\@tempboxa}\hskip-\rightskip\hskip\z@skip + \par + \nobreak % + \endgroup +}% +\def\tocleft@{\z@}% +\def\tocdim@min{5\p@}% +\def\l@section{% + \l@@sections{}{section}% Implicit #3#4 +}% +\def\l@f@section{% + \addpenalty{\@secpenalty}% + \addvspace{1.0em plus\p@}% + %\bf +}% +\def\l@subsection{% + \l@@sections{section}{subsection}% Implicit #3#4 +}% +\def\l@subsubsection{% + \l@@sections{subsection}{subsubsection}% Implicit #3#4 +}% +\def\l@paragraph#1#2{}% +\def\l@subparagraph#1#2{}% +\let\toc@pre\toc@pre@auto +\let\toc@post\toc@post@auto +\@booleanfalse\raggedcolumn@sw +\def\tableft@skip@float{\z@ plus\hsize}% +\def\tabmid@skip@float{\@flushglue}% +\def\tabright@skip@float{\z@ plus\hsize}% +\def\array@row@pre@float{\hline\hline\noalign{\vskip\doublerulesep}}% +\def\array@row@pst@float{\noalign{\vskip\doublerulesep}\hline\hline}% +\long\def\@makefntext#1{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \leftskip1em% + \parindent1em% + \noindent + \nobreak\hskip-\leftskip + \hb@xt@\leftskip{% + \hss\@makefnmark\ % + }% + #1% + \par +}% +\long\def\frontmatter@makefntext#1{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \leftskip1em% + \parindent1em% + \noindent + \nobreak\hskip-\leftskip + \Hy@raisedlink{\hyper@anchorstart{frontmatter.\expandafter\the\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname}\hyper@anchorend}% + \hb@xt@\leftskip{% + \hss\@makefnmark\ % + }% + #1% + \par +}% +\prepdef\appendix{% + \par + \let\@hangfrom@section\@hangfrom@appendix + \let\@sectioncntformat\@appendixcntformat +}% +\def\@hangfrom@appendix#1#2#3{% + #1% + \@if@empty{#2}{% + #3% + }{% + #2\@if@empty{#3}{}{:\ #3}% + }% +}% +\def\@hangfroms@appendix#1#2{% + #1#2% +}% +\def\@appendixcntformat#1{\appendixname\ \csname the#1\endcsname}% +\@booleanfalse\authoryear@sw +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \bibpunct{[}{]}{,}{n}{}{,}% +}% + \def\pre@bibdata{\jobname\bibdata@app}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \def\bibsection{% + \par + \onecolumngrid@push + \begingroup + \baselineskip26\p@ + \bib@device{\textwidth}{245.5\p@}% + \endgroup + \nobreak\@nobreaktrue + \addvspace{19\p@}% + \par + \onecolumngrid@pop + }% +}% +\def\bib@device#1#2{% + \hb@xt@\z@{% + \hb@xt@#1{% + \hfil + \phantomsection + \addcontentsline {toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}\refname}% + \hb@xt@#2{% + \skip@\z@\@plus-1fil\relax + \leaders\hrule height.25 \p@ depth.25 \p@ \hskip\z@\@plus1fil + \hskip\skip@ + \hskip\z@\@plus0.125fil\leaders\hrule height.375\p@ depth.375\p@ \hskip\z@\@plus0.75fil \hskip\z@\@plus0.125fil + \hskip\skip@ + \hskip\z@\@plus0.25 fil\leaders\hrule height.5 \p@ depth.5 \p@ \hskip\z@\@plus0.5 fil \hskip\z@\@plus0.25 fil + \hskip\skip@ + \hskip\z@\@plus0.375fil\leaders\hrule height.625\p@ depth.625\p@ \hskip\z@\@plus0.25fil \hskip\z@\@plus0.375fil + % \hskip\skip@ + % \hfil + }% + \hfil + }% + \hss + }% +}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \let\bibpreamble\@empty + \bibsep\z@\relax + \def\newblock{\ }% +}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \def\bibfont{% + \small + \@clubpenalty\clubpenalty + }% +}% +\newenvironment{theindex}{% + \columnseprule \z@ + \columnsep 35\p@ + \c@secnumdepth-\maxdimen + \onecolumngrid@push + \section{\indexname}% + \thispagestyle{plain}% + \parindent\z@ + \parskip\z@ plus.3\p@\relax + \let\item\@idxitem + \onecolumngrid@pop +}{% +}% +\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}% +\def\subitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}% +\def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}% +\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ plus5\p@ minus3\p@\relax}% +\def\@journal@default{pra}% +\def\@pointsize@default{10}% +\def\rtx@apspra{% + \class@info{APS journal PRA selected}% +}% +\def\rtx@apsprb{% + \class@info{APS journal PRB selected}% + \let\frontmatter@footnote@produce\frontmatter@footnote@produce@endnote + \appdef\setup@hook{% + \bibpunct{}{}{,}{s}{}{\textsuperscript{,}}% + \let\onlinecite\rev@citealpnum + }% + \def\pre@bibdata{\jobname\bibdata@app}% + \let\place@bibnumber\place@bibnumber@sup +}% +\def\rtx@apsprc{% + \class@info{APS journal PRC selected}% +}% +\def\rtx@apsprd{% + \class@info{APS journal PRD selected}% +}% +\def\rtx@apspre{% + \class@info{APS journal PRE selected}% +}% +\def\rtx@apsprl{% + \class@info{APS journal PRL selected}% + \let\frontmatter@footnote@produce\frontmatter@footnote@produce@endnote + \@booleanfalse\acknowledgments@sw + \appdef\setup@hook{% + \def\bibsection{% + \par + \begingroup + \baselineskip26\p@ + \bib@device{\hsize}{72\p@}% + \endgroup + \nobreak\@nobreaktrue + \addvspace{19\p@}% + }% + }% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \lengthcheck@sw{% + \RequirePackage{times}% + }{}% +}% + \c@secnumdepth=-\maxdimen + \appdef\setup@hook{% + \@ifnum{\@pointsize=10\relax}{% + \lengthcheck@sw{% + \def\large{% + \@setfontsize\large{12.5}{14\p@}% + }% + \def\normalsize{% + \@setfontsize\normalsize{10.5}\@xiipt + \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus6\p@ \@minus5\p@ + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip + \abovedisplayshortskip \abovedisplayskip + \belowdisplayshortskip \abovedisplayskip + \let\@listi\@listI + }% + \def\small{% + \@setfontsize\small{9.5}\@xipt + \abovedisplayskip 5\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus4\p@ + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip + \abovedisplayshortskip \abovedisplayskip + \belowdisplayshortskip \abovedisplayskip + \let\@listi\@listI + }% + \DeclareMathSizes{12.5}{12.5}{9}{6}% + \DeclareMathSizes{10.5}{10.5}{7.5}{5}% + \DeclareMathSizes{9.5}{9.5}{7.0}{5}% + }{% + \def\normalsize{% + \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt + \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@ + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip + \abovedisplayshortskip \abovedisplayskip + \belowdisplayshortskip \abovedisplayskip + \let\@listi\@listI + }% + }% + }{}% + }% + \textheight = 694.0\p@ +}% +\def\rtx@apsprstper{% + \class@info{APS journal PRST-PER selected}% + \rtx@apsprb + \@booleantrue\longbibliography@sw +}% +\def\rtx@apsprstab{% + \class@info{APS journal PRSTAB selected}% +}% +\@booleantrue\footinbib@sw +\appdef\@bibdataout@rev{\@bibdataout@aps}% +\def\@bibdataout@aps{% + \immediate\write\@bibdataout{% + @CONTROL{% + apsrev41Control% + \longbibliography@sw{% + ,author="00",editor="1",pages="1",title="0",year="0"% + }{% + ,author="08",editor="1",pages="0",title="",year="1"% + }% + }% + }% + \if@filesw + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{apsrev41Control}}% + \fi +}% +\let\place@bibnumber\place@bibnumber@inl +\def\@bibstyle{apsrev\substyle@post}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \@ifx{\place@bibnumber\place@bibnumber@sup}{% + \footinbib@sw{}{% + \class@warn{Citations are superscript numbers: footnotes must be endnotes; changing to that configuration}% + \@booleantrue\footinbib@sw + }% + }{}% +}% +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `aps4-1.rtx'. Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/astro.sty =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/astro.sty (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/astro.sty (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,402 @@ +%% Pan-STARRS short-cuts +\newcommand{\gps}{\ensuremath{g_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\rps}{\ensuremath{r_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\ips}{\ensuremath{i_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\zps}{\ensuremath{z_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\yps}{\ensuremath{y_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\wps}{\ensuremath{w_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\grizy}{\gps,\rps,\ips,\zps,\yps} +\newcommand\ugriz{$u^\prime g^\prime r^\prime i^\prime z^\prime$} +\newcommand{\PS}{\protect \hbox {Pan-STARRS}} +\newcommand\TP{$3\pi$} +\newcommand\TPS{$3\pi$ Survey} +\newcommand\PSONE{Pan-STARRS\,1} + +\def\arev#1#2{\acite{ARA\&A}{#1}{#2}} +\def\aj#1#2{\acite{AJ}{#1}{#2}} +\def\ana#1#2{\acite{A\&A}{#1}{#2}} +\def\aas#1#2{\acite{A\&A}{#1}{#2}} +\def\aap#1#2{\acite{A\&A}{#1}{#2}} +\def\aass#1#2{\acite{A\&AS}{#1}{#2}} +\def\anas#1#2{\acite{A\&AS}{#1}{#2}} +\def\aaps#1#2{\acite{A\&AS}{#1}{#2}} +\def\aal#1#2{\acite{A\&A}{#1}{L#2}} +\def\aar#1#2{\acite{A\&AR}{#1}{#2}} +\def\apj#1#2{\acite{ApJ}{#1}{#2}} +\def\apjs#1#2{\acite{ApJS}{#1}{#2}} +\def\apjl#1#2{\acite{ApJ}{#1}{L#2}} +\def\apss#1#2{\acite{Ap\&SS}{#1}{#2}} +\def\baas#1#2{\acite{BAAS}{#1}{#2}} +\def\mn#1#2{\acite{MNRAS}{#1}{#2}} +\def\mnras#1#2{\acite{MNRAS}{#1}{#2}} +\def\nat#1#2{\acite{Nat}{#1}{#2}} +\def\nature#1#2{\acite{Nat}{#1}{#2}} +\def\pasj#1#2{\acite{PASJ}{#1}{#2}} +\def\pasp#1#2{\acite{PASP}{#1}{#2}} +\def\sov#1#2{\acite{SvA}{#1}{#2}} +\def\sovl#1#2{\acite{SvA}{#1}{L#2}} +\def\asr#1#2{\acite{Adv. in Space Research}{#1}{#2}} +\def\ssr#1#2{\acite{Space Sci. Rev.}{#1}{#2}} +\def\physrevd#1#2{\acite{Phys. Rev. D}{#1}{#2}} + +\newcommand\mytitle[1]{\vskip -5pt \subsection*{#1}} +\newcommand{\rref}{\par\noindent\hangindent 15pt \parskip 5pt {}} +% \renewcommand{\thepage}{} + +% notes and related +\newcommand\note[1]{\textbf{\color{red}#1}} +\newcommand\tbd[1]{\textbf{\color{red}#1 (TBD)}} +\newcommand\tbr[1]{\textbf{\color{blue}#1 (TBR)}} +\newcommand\TBD[1]{\par\tbd{#1}\par} + +\def\lesssim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{% + \lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$<$}}}} +\def\gtrsim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{% + \lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$>$}}}} +\newcommand{\Lbol}{\mbox{$L_{bol}$}} +\newcommand{\Teff}{\mbox{$T_{\rm eff}$}} +\newcommand{\logg}{\mbox{$\log(g)$}} +\newcommand{\WISE}{{\sl WISE}} + +% Specific astrophysical symbols +\newcommand\degree{$^{\circ}$} +\newcommand\degrees{$^{\circ}$} +\newcommand\asec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}} +\newcommand\amin{\hbox{$^{\prime}$}} +\def \mpt {\rlap{.}$^{\rm m}$} +\def \spt {\rlap{.}$^{\rm s}$} +\def \ampt {\rlap{.}$'$} +\def \aspt {\rlap{.}$''$} +\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}} + +\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}} + +\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}} + +\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}} + +\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}} + +\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}} + +\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}} + +\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}} + +%\def\degree{\hbox{$^\circ$}} +%\def\degrees\degree + +\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}} + +\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}} + +\def\utw{\smash{\rlap{\lower5pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}} + +\def\udtw{\smash{\rlap{\lower6pt\hbox{$\approx$}}}} + +\newcommand\by{$\times\:$} +\newcommand\MW{Milky Way} +\newcommand\M[1]{\mbox{M\hspace{0.2ex}#1}} +\newcommand\BVRI{{\em BVRI}} +\newcommand\REF[1]{{\bf #1}} +\newcommand\UBVRI{{\it UBVR$_c$I$_c$\/}} +\newcommand\BVRIcc{{\it BVR$_c$I$_c$\/}} +\newcommand\UBV{{\it UBV\/}} +\newcommand\RI{{\it R$_c$I$_c$}} +% +\newcommand\Einstein{{\em Einstein}} +\def\ion#1#2{#1$\,${\sc{#2}}\relax} +\newcommand\HII{\mbox{H\hspace{0.2ex}{\sc ii}}} +\newcommand\hii{\mbox{H\hspace{0.2ex}{\sc ii}}} +\newcommand\nii{\mbox{N\hspace{0.2ex}{\sc ii}}} +\newcommand\hi{\mbox{H\hspace{0.2ex}{\sc i}}} +\newcommand\HI{\mbox{H\hspace{0.2ex}{\sc i}}} +\newcommand\sd{\mbox{$\Sigma$-$D$}} +% +\newcommand\U{{$U$}} +\newcommand\B{{$B$}} +\newcommand\V{{$V$}} +\newcommand\R{{$R$}} +\newcommand\I{{$I$}} +\newcommand\J{{$J$}} +\newcommand\K{{$K$}} +\newcommand\bJ{\mbox{$b_J$}} +\newcommand\sii{\mbox{[{S\hspace{0.2ex}\sc ii}]}} +\newcommand\oiii{\mbox{[{O\hspace{0.2ex}\sc iii}]}} +\newcommand\oi{\mbox{[{O\hspace{0.2ex}\sc i}]}} +% +\newcommand\Halpha{\mbox{H$\alpha$}} +\newcommand\ha{\mbox{H$\alpha$}} +\newcommand\halpha{\mbox{H$\alpha$}} +\newcommand\Hbeta{H${\beta}$} +\newcommand\hbeta{H${\beta}$} +\newcommand\hgamma{H${\gamma}$} +\newcommand\Lam{$\lambda$} +\newcommand\dRAdDEC{$\delta$RA~-~$\delta$DEC} +\newcommand\HSV{\Halpha, \sii, $V$} +\newcommand\Ebv{\mbox{E$_{B-V}$}} +% +\newcommand\Msun{\mbox{\rm M$_\odot$}} % solar mass +\newcommand\Rsun{\mbox{\rm R$_\odot$}} % solar radius +\newcommand\Lsun{\mbox{$L_\odot$}} % solar luminosity +\newcommand\msun{\mbox{\rm M$_\odot$}} % solar mass +\newcommand\rsun{\mbox{\rm R$_\odot$}} % solar radius +\newcommand\lsun{\mbox{$L_\odot$}} % solar luminosity +\newcommand\Mearth{\mbox{\rm M$_\oplus$}} % earth mass +\newcommand\Rearth{\mbox{\rm R$_\oplus$}} % earth radius + +\newcommand\mdot{$\dot M$} +\newcommand\dophot{{DoPHOT}} +\newcommand\Year{~year$^{-1}$} +\newcommand\Sec{~sec$^{-1}$} +\newcommand\Cm{~cm$^{-2}$} +\newcommand\Sr{~sr$^{-1}$} +\newcommand\ErgSec{erg~sec$^{-1}$} +\newcommand\ErgSecCm{\ErgSec~cm$^{-2}$} +\newcommand\ErgCmSec{erg~cm$^{-2}$~sec$^{-1}$} +\newcommand\ErgCmSecSr{\ErgCmSec~sr$^{-1}$} +\newcommand\ErgCmSecAsec{\ErgCmSec~arcsec$^{-2}$} +\newcommand{\EE}[2]{\mbox{{#1}~$\times$~10$^{#2}$}} +\newcommand{\TEN}[1]{\mbox{10$^{#1}$}} +% +% Specific mathematical symbols +\renewcommand\approx{\mbox{$\sim$}} +\newcommand\about{\mbox{$\sim$}} +\newcommand\lt{$<$} +\newcommand\gt{$>$} +\newcommand\approxgt{\mbox{$^{>}\hspace{-0.24cm}_{\sim}$}} +\newcommand\approxlt{\mbox{$^{<}\hspace{-0.24cm}_{\sim}$}} +\newcommand\chisq{\mbox{$\chi^2$}} +%\newcommand\d{\partial} +\newcommand\grad{\nabla} +% +% Latin -- note: commas never included in definitions. +\newcommand\vv{{\it vice versa}} +\newcommand\etc{{etc.}} +\newcommand\ie{{i.e.}} +\newcommand\eg{{e.g.}} +\newcommand\cf{{cf.}} +\newcommand\etal{{et~al.}} +\newcommand\vs{{vs.}} +% +\newcommand\hs{@{\hspace{2.5mm}}} +\newcommand\Hs{@{\hspace{5.0mm}}} +\def\ds{$d_s~$} +\def \refer{\par\noindent\hangindent 20pt} +% +\newcommand\MIT{ +\small Center for Space Research and Department of Physics \\ +\small Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 37-624, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA \\ +\vspace{0.3cm} \\ } +\newcommand\MITaddress{ +\large Center for Space Research and Department of Physics \\ +\large Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 37-624 \\ +\large Cambridge, MA 02139, USA \\ +\large (617) - 253 - 7457 +} +\newcommand\CfA{ +\small Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics \\ +\small 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138 \\ +\vspace{0.3cm} \\ } +\newcommand\UVA{ +\small Astronomical Institute ``Anton Pannekoek'', University of Amsterdam and \\ +\small Center for High Energy Astrophysics, NIKHEF-H, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ \\ +\small Amsterdam, The Netherlands. \\ +\vspace{0.3cm} \\ } +\newcommand\MPE{ +\small Max-Planck-Institut f\"{u}r Extraterrestriche Physik \\ +\small W-8046 Garching bei M\"{u}nchen, Germany\\ +\vspace{0.3cm} \\ } +\newcommand\MPEaddress{ +\large Max-Planck-Institut f\"{u}r Extraterrestriche Physik \\ +\large W-8046 Garching bei M\"{u}nchen, Germany +} +\newcommand\ROME{ +\small Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma \\ +\small Viale del Parco Mellini 84, I-00136 Roma, Italy \\ +\vspace{0.3cm} \\ } +% +\newcommand\AFour[2]{ +\setlength\oddsidemargin{-2.56cm} +\addtolength\oddsidemargin{#1} +\setlength\evensidemargin{-2.56cm} +\addtolength\evensidemargin{#1} +\setlength\textwidth{21.0cm} +\addtolength\textwidth{-#1} +\addtolength\textwidth{-#1} +\setlength\topmargin{-3.95cm} +\addtolength\topmargin{#1} +\setlength\textheight{29.7cm} +\addtolength\textheight{-1.2cm} % footer space +\addtolength\textheight{-#1} +\addtolength\textheight{-#1} +} + +\newcommand\Letter[2]{ +\setlength\oddsidemargin{-1.0in} +\addtolength\oddsidemargin{#1} +\setlength\evensidemargin{-1.0in} +\addtolength\evensidemargin{#1} +\setlength\textwidth{8.5in} +\addtolength\textwidth{-#1} +\addtolength\textwidth{-#1} +\setlength\topmargin{-1.5in} +\addtolength\topmargin{#1} +\setlength\textheight{11.0in} +\addtolength\textheight{-0.5in} % footer space +\addtolength\textheight{-#1} +\addtolength\textheight{-#1} +} + +% set margins +\newcommand{\WideMargins}{ + \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.0in} + \setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.0in} + \setlength{\textwidth}{6.5in} + \setlength{\topmargin}{-0.5in} + \setlength{\textheight}{9.0in} } +% +\newcommand{\GoodMargins}{ + \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.25in} + \setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.25in} + \setlength{\textwidth}{6.75in} + \setlength{\topmargin}{-1.0in} + \setlength{\textheight}{9.5in} } +% +\newcommand{\NarrowMargins}{ + \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.5in} + \setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.5in} + \setlength{\textwidth}{7.5in} + \setlength{\topmargin}{-1.0in} + \setlength{\textheight}{10.0in} } +% % +% \newcommand{\NoMargins}{ +% \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-2.56cm} +% \setlength{\evensidemargin}{-2.56cm} +% \setlength{\textwidth}{21.6cm} +% \setlength{\topmargin}{-3.95cm} +% \setlength{\textheight}{27.9cm} } +% % +% \newcommand{\DefMargins}{ +% \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.0cm} +% \setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.0cm} +% \setlength{\textwidth}{21.6cm} +% \setlength{\topmargin}{0.0cm} +% \setlength{\textheight}{27.9cm} } +% % +% \newcommand{\AAMargins}{ +% \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.7cm} +% \setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.7cm} +% \setlength{\textwidth}{16.0cm} +% \setlength{\topmargin}{-0.5cm} +% \setlength{\textheight}{21.7cm} } +% % +\newcommand{\LandMargins}{ + \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-2.0cm} + \setlength{\evensidemargin}{-2.0cm} + \setlength{\textwidth}{9.9in} + \setlength{\topmargin}{-3.0cm} + \setlength{\textheight}{7.5in} } +% % +% +\newcommand{\PSbox}[3]{\mbox{\rule{0in}{#3}\special{psfile=#1}\hspace{#2}}} +% +%\newcommand{\note}[1]{({\bf #1})} +\newcommand\pagenote[1]{ +\special{!userdict begin /bop-hook{gsave 50 30 translate +/Times-Roman findfont 36 scalefont setfont +0 0 moveto 0.75 setgray (\today: #1) show grestore} def end }} +%/Times-Roman findfont 18 scalefont setfont +%0.0 setgray ( \today) show grestore} def end }} +% +% default settings +\sloppy +\raggedbottom +\setcounter{topnumber}{100} +\setcounter{bottomnumber}{100} +\setcounter{totalnumber}{100} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{5} +% + +\def\uncatcodespecials{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=12}\dospecials}% +{\catcode`\`=\active\gdef`{\relax\lq}}% this line inhibits Spanish + % ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font +\def\setupc@de % see TeX Book, p. 381 + {\tt % + \spaceskip=0pt \xspaceskip=0pt % just in case... + \catcode`\`=\active + \uncatcodespecials \obeyspaces + \catcode`\{=1\catcode`\}=2 + }% +\def\SETUPC@DE % see TeX Book, p. 381 + {\tt % + \spaceskip=0pt \xspaceskip=0pt % just in case... + \catcode`\`=\active + \uncatcodespecials \obeyspaces + }% + +\def\d@code#1{#1\endgroup}% +\def\D@CODE#1{\def\next##1#1{##1\endgroup}\next}% + +% broken: \def\code{\begingroup\setupc@de\d@code}% +% broken: \def\CODE{\begingroup\SETUPC@DE\D@CODE}% + +\newcommand{\code}[1]{{\tt #1}} + +% \newcommand{\Ref}{\vspace{1ex} \hangindent=20pt \hangafter=1 \noindent} + +%% \DefineVerbatimEnvironment% +%% {datatype}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize} +%% +%% \DefineVerbatimEnvironment% +%% {prototype}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize} +%% +\newcommand{\Ref}{\par \hangindent=20pt \hangafter=1 \noindent} + + +%\newcommand\acite[3]{{\it #1}~{\bf #2}, {#3}} +\newcommand\acite[3]{{#1}~{#2}, {#3}} +% +\newcommand{\iauc}[1]{IAU Circ.~{#1}} +% +\newcommand{\StartRef}{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \raggedright +\parskip=0pt \parindent=0pt } + +\newcommand{\rulerlines}{ +\put (0.0,0.0){\line(1,0){2.0}} +\put (18,0.0){\line(-1,0){2.0}} +\put (0.0,26.5){\line(1,0){2.0}} +\put (18,26.5){\line(-1,0){2.0}} +\put (0.0,0.0){\line(0,1){2.0}} +\put (18,0.0){\line(0,1){2.0}} +\put (0.0,26.5){\line(0,-1){2.0}} +\put (18,26.5){\line(0,-1){2.0}} +\put (0,0){\line(0,1){26.5}} +\put (0,1){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,2){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,3){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,4){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,5){\line(1,0){0.75}} +\put (0,6){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,7){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,8){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,9){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,10){\line(1,0){1}} +\put (0,11){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,12){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,13){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,14){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,15){\line(1,0){0.75}} +\put (0,16){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,17){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,18){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,19){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,20){\line(1,0){1}} +\put (0,21){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,22){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,23){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,24){\line(1,0){0.5}} +\put (0,25){\line(1,0){0.75}} +\put (0,26){\line(1,0){0.5}} +} + Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/emulateapj.cls =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/emulateapj.cls (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/emulateapj.cls (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,1849 @@ +%% This is emulateapj.cls, version Aug 17, 2012 +%% For the latest version check http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~alexey/emulateapj +%% +%% NOTE: ApJ has moved its publishing to IOP and they have slightly changed +%% the formatting. To implement these changes, call emulateapj with the iop +%% option, as in +%% \usepackage[iop]{emulateapj} +%% +%% Other available options: +%% +%% [chicago] - (default) typeset as was done in the University of Chicago Press +%% [twocolumn] - (default) two-column mode +%% [onecolumn] - main text in one-column mode +%% [apj] - typeset as for main journal +%% [apjl] - (default) typeset as for ApJ Letters +%% [tighten] - some adjustments to approximate grid typesetting +%% [numberedappendix] - number appendix sections as A, B, etc +%% [appendixfloats] - use separate numbering for floats within appendix +%% [twocolappendix] - make appendix in two-col mode in a two-col paper +%% [revtex4] - force using revtex4 +%% +%% NOTE 2: Starting from version 11/10/2009, emulateapj tries to load +%% revtex4-1 if present on the system. This may cause small changes in +%% typesetting for old documents. Also, revtex4-1 does not interact +%% well with the lscape package which is needed for typesetting of +%% long rotated tables. If you want full compatibility, please +%% download the last version based on revtex4, +%% http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~alexey/emulateapj/emulateapj-rtx4.cls +%% and bundle it with your TeX source code. Starting with the +%% 8/17/2012 version, you can also use the [revtx4] option. +%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% Copyright 2000-2011 Alexey Vikhlinin +%% +%% The first version of this package was written by Maxim Markevitch. +%% Pieces of AASTeX code are used for compatibility with aastex.cls. +%% +%% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of +%% the LaTeX Project Public License available from CTAN archives in +%% macros/latex/base/lppl.txt. This means you are free to use and +%% distribute this package; however, if you modify anything, please +%% change the file name and remove the author's email address. +%% +%% Alexey Vikhlinin +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% +%% `emulateapj' is a LaTeX2e class to emulate the Astrophysical Journal +%% (ApJ) page layout. The page length of the resulting document is very +%% close to that in ApJ when Times fonts are used instead of the LaTeX +%% default CM fonts. +%% +%% If a manuscript is prepared for ApJ submission using the standard +%% American Astronomical Society LaTeX macros and the `aastex' style +%% (see instructions for authors on the ApJ web site), the only thing +%% required from the user should be to replace \documentclass{aastex} +%% with \documentclass{emulateapj}, and perhaps resize figures as +%% desired and replace {deluxetable} with {deluxetable*}. Possible minor +%% problems are described below. +%% +%% emulateapj requires revtex4.cls. If you don't have it already, it can be +%% downloaded from http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ (it's a small package). +%% Other extrnal packages used are latexsym, graphicx, amssymb, longtable, +%% epsf. They should already be present in the modern TeX distributions; if +%% not, download them from www.ctan.org. +%% +%% +%% For release notes and change log, see at bottom +%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\def\emulapj@ver{12/16/11} + + +\ProvidesClass{emulateapj} + +\newif\if@revtex@four@one@ +\@revtex@four@one@true +\DeclareOption{revtex4}{\@revtex@four@one@false} + +\newif\if@two@col +\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@two@coltrue} +\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@two@colfalse} + +\newif\if@two@col@app +\DeclareOption{twocolappendix}{\@two@col@apptrue} +\DeclareOption{onecolappendix}{\@two@col@appfalse} + + +\newif\if@chicago +\DeclareOption{chicago}{\@chicagotrue} +\DeclareOption{iop}{\@chicagofalse} + +\newlength{\bibbaselineskip}\setlength{\bibbaselineskip}{3.075mm} +\newif\if@apj@letter +\DeclareOption{apj}{ + \setlength{\bibbaselineskip}{2.7mm} + \def\apjsecfont{\normalsize} + \def\secnum@size{\small} + \def\subsecnum@size{\normalsize} + \@apj@letterfalse +} +\DeclareOption{apjl}{ + \setlength{\bibbaselineskip}{3.075mm} + \def\apjsecfont{\footnotesize} + \def\secnum@size{\small} + \def\subsecnum@size{\small} + \@apj@lettertrue +} + +\DeclareOption{tighten}{ +% lineskiplimits to facilitate grid typesetting + \lineskiplimit=-2mm +} + +\def\AppendixApjSectionMarkInTitle#1{\relax} +\DeclareOption{numberedappendix}{ + \def\AppendixApjSectionMarkInTitle#1{#1.\ } +} + +\newif\if@number@appendix@floats\@number@appendix@floatsfalse +\DeclareOption{appendixfloats}{ + \@number@appendix@floatstrue +} + + +\def\center@table@notes{% + \def\@spew@tblnotes{% + \centerline{\begin{minipage}{\pt@width}\spew@tblnotes\end{minipage}}% + }% +} + +\def\left@just@table@notes{% + \def\@spew@tblnotes{\spew@tblnotes}% +} + + +\left@just@table@notes + +\ExecuteOptions{apjl,twocolumn,chicago,onecolappendix} + +\ProcessOptions + +\if@revtex@four@one@ + \IfFileExists{revtex4-1.cls}{ + \def\@revtex@cls{revtex4-1} + }{ + \@revtex@four@one@false + \def\@revtex@cls{revtex4} + } +\else + \def\@revtex@cls{revtex4} +\fi + +\let\@startsection@from@latex=\@startsection + +\if@two@col + \LoadClass[twocolumn,nofootinbib,showkeys,twoside,floatfix,unsortedaddress,flushbottom]{\@revtex@cls} +\else + \LoadClass[nofootinbib,showkeys,twoside,floatfix,unsortedaddress,flushbottom,notitlepage]{\@revtex@cls} +\fi +\def\blankaffiliation{~}% + +\if@chicago + \def\@eapj@cap@font{\scshape} + \def\@eapj@figname{Fig.} + \def\@eapj@tabname{TABLE} +\else + \def\@eapj@cap@font{\bfseries} + \def\@eapj@figname{Figure} + \def\@eapj@tabname{Table} +\fi + +% Restore natbib package without sorting. +\def\NAT@sort{0} +\def\NAT@cmprs{0} +% only redefine sort@cites for natbib versions < 2009 +\@ifundefined{NAT@sort@cites@}{\def\NAT@sort@cites#1{\edef\NAT@cite@list{#1}}}% + +\RequirePackage{latexsym}% +\RequirePackage{graphicx}% +\RequirePackage{amssymb}% +\RequirePackage{longtable}% + +\newcommand{\bibstyle@aas}{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}}% +\@citestyle{aas}% + + +\let\@startsection=\@startsection@from@latex +\def\baselinestretch{1.0} +\AtBeginDocument{\def\arraystretch{1.0}} + +\if@revtex@four@one@ +\def\raggedcolumn@sw#1#2{#2} % implement flushbottom as it was in revtex4 +\fi + +\RequirePackage{epsf,graphicx} + +%%%%%%%% The following code is taken from size10.clo; it fixes +%%%%%%%% aastex's definition of type sizes +\renewcommand\normalsize{% + \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{10.56} + \abovedisplayskip 2.2mm \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@ + \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@ + \belowdisplayshortskip 2.2mm \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@ + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip + \let\@listi\@listI} +\normalsize +\renewcommand\small{% + \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{9.68}% + \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@ + \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@ + \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ + \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini + \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ + \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ + \itemsep \parsep}% + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip +} +\renewcommand\footnotesize{% + \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{8.36}% + \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ + \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@ + \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@ + \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini + \topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ + \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ + \itemsep \parsep}% + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip +} +\renewcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt} +\renewcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt} +\renewcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}} +\renewcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}} +\renewcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}} +\renewcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}} +\renewcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}} +\setlength\smallskipamount{3\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@} +\setlength\medskipamount{6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@} +\setlength\headheight{12\p@} +\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini + \parsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@ + \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ + \itemsep4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@} +\let\@listI\@listi +\@listi +\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii + \labelwidth\leftmarginii + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep + \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@ + \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@ + \itemsep \parsep} +\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii + \labelwidth\leftmarginiii + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep + \topsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@ + \parsep \z@ + \partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@ + \itemsep \topsep} +\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv + \labelwidth\leftmarginiv + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} +\def\@listv {\leftmargin\leftmarginv + \labelwidth\leftmarginv + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} +\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi + \labelwidth\leftmarginvi + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} + + + + +% **************************************************** +% * TWO AND SINGLE ONE COLUMN STYLES: AV * +% **************************************************** +% + +%%%%% include atbeginend.sty by AV: + +% Copy \begin and \end to \BeginEnvironment and \EndEnvironment +\let\BeginEnvironment=\begin +\let\EndEnvironment=\end +%% \ifundefined from TeXbook +\def\IfUnDef#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax} +% Null command needed to eat its argument +\def\NullCom#1{} +\def\begin#1{% +% if defined \BeforeBeg for this environment, execute it +\IfUnDef{BeforeBeg#1}\else\csname BeforeBeg#1\endcsname\fi% +\IfUnDef{AfterBeg#1}% This is done to skip the command for environments + % which can take arguments, like multicols; YOU MUST NOT + % USE \AfterBegin{...}{...} for such environments! + \let\SaveBegEnd=\BeginEnvironment% +\else + % Start this environment + \BeginEnvironment{#1}% + % and execute code after \begin{environment} + \csname AfterBeg#1\endcsname + \let\SaveBegEnd=\NullCom +\fi +\SaveBegEnd{#1} +} +\def\end#1{% +% execute code before \end{environment} +\IfUnDef{BeforeEnd#1}\else\csname BeforeEnd#1\endcsname\fi% +% close this environment +\EndEnvironment{#1} +% and execute code after \begin{environment} +\IfUnDef{AfterEnd#1}\else\csname AfterEnd#1\endcsname\fi% +} +\long\def\BeforeBegin#1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname BeforeBeg#1\endcsname {#2}} +\long\def\BeforeEnd #1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname BeforeEnd#1\endcsname {#2}} +\long\def\AfterBegin #1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname AfterBeg#1\endcsname {#2}} +\long\def\AfterEnd #1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname AfterEnd#1\endcsname{#2}} + +%%%% end of atbeginend.sty + +% **************************************** +% * PAGE LAYOUT * +% **************************************** + +% Page size, spacing parameters, etc. + +\textwidth=7.1in +\columnsep=0.3125in +\parindent=0.125in +\voffset=-20mm +\hoffset=-7.5mm + +\topmargin=0in +\headheight=.15in +\headsep=0.5in +\oddsidemargin=0in +\evensidemargin=0in +\parskip=0cm + +%\tolerance=600 % 3x "normal" value; cuts down on overfull complaints + +%% AV,MM, to have 64 lines per column, with textheight 25cm: +\textheight=64\baselineskip +\textheight=\baselinestretch\textheight +\ifdim\textheight>25.2cm\textheight=25.0cm\fi + +\topskip\baselineskip +\maxdepth\baselineskip + + +\let\tighten=\relax +\let\tightenlines=\tighten +\let\singlespace=\relax +\let\doublespace=\relax + +\def\eqsecnum{ + \@newctr{equation}[section] + \def\theequation{\hbox{\normalsize\arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}}}} + +%% running heads: +\def\lefthead#1{\gdef\@versohead{#1}} \lefthead{\relax} +\def\righthead#1{\gdef\@rectohead{#1}} \righthead{\relax} +\let\shorttitle=\lefthead % New AASTEX commands +\let\shortauthors\righthead % New AASTEX commands + +\if@chicago +%% MM Create "apjheads" page style: +\def\ps@apjheads{\let\@mkboth\markboth + \def\@evenfoot{} + \def\@evenhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{ + \rm\thepage\hfil \rm\@rectohead \hfil}}} + \def\@oddfoot{} + \def\@oddhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{ + \hfil\rm\@versohead\hfil \rm\thepage}} +\else +\def\ps@apjheads{\let\@mkboth\markboth + \def\@evenfoot{} + \def\@evenhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{ + \rm\thepage\hfil \rm\textsc{\@rectohead} \hfil}}} + \def\@oddfoot{} + \def\@oddhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{ + \hfil\rm\textsc{\@versohead}\hfil \rm\thepage}} +\fi + +\@twosidetrue +\ps@apjheads + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% TITLE PAGE % +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\long\def\frontmatter@title@above{ +\vspace*{-\headsep}\vspace*{\headheight} +\footnotesize +{\footnotesize\textsc{\@journalinfo}}\par +{\scriptsize Preprint typeset using \LaTeX\ style emulateapj v.\ + \emulapj@ver}\par\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{0.625in} +}% +\def\frontmatter@title@produce{% + \begingroup + \frontmatter@title@above + \frontmatter@title@format + \@title + \@ifx{\@title@aux\@title@aux@cleared}{}{% + \expandafter\frontmatter@footnote\expandafter{\@title@aux}% + }% + \par +%% \class@warn{Unused short title ignored}% + \frontmatter@title@below + \endgroup +}% +\renewcommand\title[2][]{% + \def\@title{\uppercase{#2}}% + \def\@shorttitle{#1}% + \let\@AF@join\@title@join +}% +\def\frontmatter@title@format{\normalsize\centering} +\def\frontmatter@title@below{\vspace*{-2.63\baselineskip\vspace*{0.25in}}}% + +\def\frontmatter@above@affilgroup{\vspace*{0.25in}}% +\def\frontmatter@authorformat{\small\scshape\centering}% +\def\frontmatter@affiliationfont{\normalfont\footnotesize}% + +\def\frontmatter@finalspace{\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{0.375in}} + +\def\@separator{\\}% + +\def\frontmatter@footnote#1{% + \begingroup + \@booleanfalse\temp@sw + \def\@tempa{#1}% + \let\@tempb\@empty + \def\@TBN@opr{\y@match\@tempa}% + \@FMN@list + \temp@sw{% + \expandafter\frontmatter@footnotemark + \expandafter{\@tempb}% + }{% + \def\@thefnmark{\relax} + \frontmatter@footnotetext{#1} + }% + \endgroup +}% + +\newcounter{front@matter@foot@note}\setcounter{front@matter@foot@note}{0} + +\def\frontmatter@above@affiliation{\vspace*{0.5mm}}% +\renewcommand\affiliation[1]{% + \move@AU\move@AF% + \begingroup% + \@affiliation{\hspace*{2mm}#1}% +}% +\let\affil=\affiliation + +\def\affil@mark#1{\textsuperscript{#1}} +\def\affile@mark@pad{0.2em} + +\def\altaffilmark#1{\affil@mark{#1}} + +% Fight poor revtex algorithm for altaffiliation: +\def\@alt@affil@kill@next@symbol#1{\relax} +\newtoks\alt@affil@toks \alt@affil@toks{\@alt@affil@kill@next@symbol} +\newtoks\alt@affil@toks@count \alt@affil@toks@count{} + + +\def\altaffiltext#1#2{% +\global\alt@affil@toks\expandafter{\the\alt@affil@toks\\\hspace*{3mm}\affil@mark{#1}\hspace*{\affile@mark@pad}#2}% +\global\alt@affil@toks@count\expandafter{\the\alt@affil@toks@count\stepcounter{front@matter@foot@note}}% +} +\let\@author@finish@revtex=\@author@finish +\def\@author@finish{% +\if!\the\alt@affil@toks@count!% +\relax +\else +\altaffiliation{\the\alt@affil@toks}\the\alt@affil@toks@count +\fi +\@author@finish@revtex +} + +%\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\altaffiliation{\hspace*{3mm}\textsuperscript{#1}\hspace*{0.7mm}#2}\stepcounter{front@matter@foot@note}} + +%% end altaffiliation + +\let\old@foot@note@mark=\footnotemark +\let\old@foot@note@text=\footnotetext +\def\footnotemark[#1]{\altaffilmark{#1}} +\def\footnotetext[#1]#2{\altaffiltext{#1}{#2}} + +% ABSTRACT +\if@chicago + \def\frontmatter@abstractfont{\normalsize\parindent=0.125in}% +\else + \def\frontmatter@abstractfont{\normalsize\parindent=0.0in}% +\fi +\def\frontmatter@abstractwidth{6in} +\def\frontmatter@preabstractspace{0.0\baselineskip} +\def\frontmatter@postabstractspace{0.0\baselineskip} + +\def\abstractname{ABSTRACT} +\long\def\frontmatter@abstractheading{% + \vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{1.5pt} + \centerline{\itshape\footnotesize\@submitted} + \vspace*{0.13189in} + \begingroup + \centering + \abstractname + \vskip 1mm + \par + \endgroup + \everypar{\rightskip=0.5in\leftskip=\rightskip}\par +}% + +% Redefine the LaTeX \and command for this style. +\def\and{\author{\vspace*{-0.2in}and\vspace*{-0.558cm}}\noaffiliation} +\def\@listand{\@ifnum{\@tempcnta=\tw@}{\andname\space}{}}% + +% **************************************** +% * KEYWORDS * +% **************************************** + +\if@chicago + \def\@keys@name{\textit{Subject headings:}\/~\mbox{}}% +\else + \def\@keys@name{\textit{Keywords:}\/~\mbox{}}% +\fi +\newlength{\keys@width} +\def\frontmatter@keys@format{\vspace*{0.5mm}% + \settowidth{\keys@width}{\normalsize\@keys@name}% + \rightskip=0.5in\leftskip=\rightskip\parindent=0pt% + \hangindent=\keys@width\hangafter=1\normalsize}% +\def\@keywords@produce#1{% + \showKEYS@sw{% + \begingroup% + \frontmatter@keys@format% + \@keys@name#1\par + \endgroup + }{% + \@if@empty{#1}{}{% + \class@warn{If you want your keywords to appear in your output, use document class option showkeys}% + }% + }% +}% + +\let\subjectheadings=\keywords + +% **************************************** +% * FOOTNOTES * +% **************************************** + +% Modify code from revtex: +\def\@xfootnotemark@ltx[#1]{% + \begingroup +% \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname #1\relax + \unrestored@protected@xdef\@thefnmark{#1}% + \endgroup + \H@@footnotemark +}% +% Modify code from LaTeX to fix footnotes: +\def\@xfootnotenext[#1]{% + \begingroup +% \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname #1\relax + \unrestored@protected@xdef\@thefnmark{#1}% + \endgroup + \@footnotetext} + + + +% Footnotes on the last page: user issues \lastpagefootnotes. It catches all +% footnotes and issues them before \begin{refernces} or +% \begin{\thebibliography} or \begin{appendix}, whichever comes first, +% at the end of right column. +\newcounter{lastfootnote} +\let\orig@footnote=\footnote +% +\def\spit@out@footnotes@{\addtocounter{footnote}{-\c@lastfootnote}\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{\skip\footins}\bgroup\footnotesize\lastfootnote\par\egroup\let\footnote=\orig@footnote} +% +\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax +% +\long\def\lastpagefootnotes{% +\raggedbottom% Have to use flushbottom with revtex4-1 but it eats away + % last page footnotes +\setcounter{lastfootnote}{0} +\long\gdef\lastfootnote{\mbox{}} +\let\spit@out@footnotes\spit@out@footnotes@ +\long\def\footnote##1{\refstepcounter{lastfootnote}\footnotemark\g@addto@macro\lastfootnote{\\[\footnotesep]\refstepcounter{footnote}\mbox{}\hspace*{3mm}\textsuperscript{\thefootnote}~##1}} +% We need to mess with footnotes in appendiz only if it is in a +% different mode (twocol vs onecol) than the main text +\def\mess@with@appendix@footnotes{ +\BeforeBegin{appendix}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax} +\BeforeEnd{appendix}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax} +\AfterEnd{appendix}{\let\footnote=\orig@footnote} +} +\if@two@col + \if@two@col@app\else + \mess@with@appendix@footnotes + \fi +% \else % Something is broken for pathological case of 2col appendix in +% % a 1col paper, so comment this out +% \if@two@col@app +% \mess@with@appendix@footnotes +% \fi +\fi + +\BeforeBegin{references}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax} +\BeforeBegin{thebibliography}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax} +% in case \lastpagefootnotes were given inside \begin{appendix}\end{appendix}, +\AfterEnd{references}{\let\footnote=\orig@footnote} +\AfterEnd{thebibliography}{\let\footnote=\orig@footnote} +} +\let\lastpagefootnote=\lastpagefootnotes + +\if@revtex@four@one@\else +% this command is copied from the original revtex, but adds space above +% footnote (if any) above the references. +\@namedef{balance@2}{% + \expandafter\balance@two\csname col@1\endcsname\@outputbox + % Avoid a bug by preventing a restore when leaving this group + \global\setbox\csname col@1\endcsname\box\csname col@1\endcsname + \@ifvoid\footbox{}{% + \global\setbox\footbox\vbox{% + \setbox\z@\box\@tempboxa + \let\recover@footins\relax + \balance@two\footbox\@tempboxa + \vskip\skip\footins + \hb@xt@\textwidth{\box\footbox\hfil\box\@tempboxa}% + }% + }% +}% +\fi + +\skip\footins 4.5mm plus 1mm minus 1mm +\footnotesep 0pt +\let\footnoterule\relax + +\def\@makefntext#1{\mbox{}\hspace*{3mm}\@makefnmark~#1} + +\def\notetoeditor#1{}% % We do not need notes to editor in the preprint +\def\placetable#1{}% % We do not need notes to editor in the preprint +\def\placefigure#1{}% % We do not need notes to editor in the preprint + +% **************************************** +% * SECTIONS * +% **************************************** + +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} + +\newif\if@firstsection \@firstsectiontrue + +\def\section{% + \if@firstsection\@firstsectionfalse + \maketitle\setcounter{footnote}{\thefront@matter@foot@note}% + \let\footnotetext=\old@foot@note@text + \let\footnotemark=\old@foot@note@mark + \fi + \@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{9pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}{4pt}{\apjsecfont\center}} + +\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{9pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}{4pt}% + {\normalsize\itshape \center}} + +\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% + {2ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1ex plus .2ex}{\small\itshape \center}} + +\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}% + {1.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{-0.5\parindent}{\small\it}} + +\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\z@}% + {1ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{-0.5\parindent}{\small\it}} + +\def\thesection{\@arabic{\c@section}} +\def\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic{\c@subsection}} +\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic{\c@subsubsection}} +\def\theparagraph{\thesubsubsection.\@arabic{\c@paragraph}} +\def\p@section {} +\def\p@subsection {} +\def\p@subsubsection {} +\def\p@paragraph {} +\def\p@subparagraph {} + + +\def\sec@upcase#1{\uppercase{#1}} +\def\subsec@upcase#1{\relax{#1}} + +% +% How the section number will appear in the section title - AV +\def\ApjSectionMarkInTitle#1{#1.\ } +\def\ApjSectionpenalty{0} + +\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8% +{\@tempskipa #5\relax + \ifdim \@tempskipa >\z@ \begingroup + #6\relax + \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \def \@svsec {}\else + \refstepcounter{#1} \edef \@svsec {\ApjSectionMarkInTitle + {\csname the#1\endcsname}}\fi + \@hangfrom {\hskip #3\relax + \ifnum #2=1{\secnum@size {\rm\@svsec~}}% + \else {\subsecnum@size {\rm\@svsec~}}\fi }% + {\interlinepenalty \@M + \ifnum #2=1\sec@upcase{#8}% + \else \subsec@upcase{#8}\fi\par}\endgroup + \csname #1mark\endcsname {#7}\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}% + {\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \protect \numberline + {\csname the#1\endcsname }\fi #7}% + \else + \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \def \@svsec {}\else + \refstepcounter{#1} \edef \@svsec {\ApjSectionMarkInTitle + {\csname the#1\endcsname}}\fi + \def \@svsechd {#6\hskip #3% + \ifnum #2=1{\secnum@size{\rm\@svsec~}}\else{\subsecnum@size{\rm\@svsec~}}\fi% + \ifnum #2=1\sec@upcase{#8}\else\subsec@upcase{#8}\fi% + \ifnum #2=4\hskip 0.4ex{\rm ---}\fi% + \csname #1mark\endcsname {#7}\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}% + {\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \protect \numberline {\csname + the#1\endcsname }\fi #7}}\fi \@xsect {#5} \penalty \ApjSectionpenalty +%-refstepcounter is now within a group. So \@currentlabel, which is normally +%-set by \refstepcounter is hidden within a group. Need to set it manually. +\protected@edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@#1\endcsname\csname the#1\endcsname} +} + + +\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax + \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ + \begingroup #4\@hangfrom{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M + \sec@upcase{#5}\par}\endgroup + \else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax \sec@upcase{#5}}\fi + \@xsect{#3} +% MM: +\penalty \ApjSectionpenalty} + + +\def\acknowledgments{\vskip 5.8mm plus 1mm minus 1mm} +\let\acknowledgements=\acknowledgments % second spelling + + +% **************************************** +% * APPENDIX * +% **************************************** + +\newcounter{remember@figure@num} +\newcounter{remember@table@num} + +\renewenvironment{appendix}[0]{ + \vspace*{0pt plus 20pt minus 5pt} % otherwise revtex4-1 sometimes eats +% away the last line before appendix + \if@two@col + \if@two@col@app\else + \onecolumngrid + \fi + % \else% Something is broken for pathological case of 2col appendix in + % % a 1col paper, so comment this out + % \if@two@col@app + % \set@column@hsize{2}\twocolumngrid + % \fi + \fi + \vskip 10pt plus 2pt minus 1pt + \noindent\mbox{}\hfill{\apjsecfont APPENDIX}\hfill\mbox{}\par + \nopagebreak\medskip\@nobreaktrue\def\ApjSectionpenalty{\@M} + \@firstsectionfalse + \setcounter{section}{0} + \setcounter{subsection}{0} + \setcounter{equation}{0} + \setcounter{remember@figure@num}{\c@figure} + \setcounter{remember@table@num}{\c@table} +% \def\fnum@figure{Figure \Alph{section}\thefigure:} +% \def\fnum@table{Table \Alph{section}\thetable:} + \def\thesection{\Alph{section}} + \def\theequation{\hbox{\Alph{section}\arabic{equation}}} + + \if@number@appendix@floats + \setcounter{figure}{0} + \setcounter{table}{0} + \def\thefigure{\thesection\@arabic\c@figure} + \def\thetable{\thesection\@arabic\c@table} + \fi +% +% Do not use appendix numbers in the titles + \def\ApjSectionMarkInTitle{\AppendixApjSectionMarkInTitle} + \def\section{\setcounter{equation}{0}\if@number@appendix@floats\setcounter{figure}{0}\setcounter{table}{0}\fi\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@} + {10pt}{5pt}{\centering\scshape\apjsecfont}} +% +% + }{% + \if@number@appendix@floats + \setcounter{figure}{\c@remember@figure@num}% + \setcounter{table}{\c@remember@table@num}% + \fi + } + + + +% **************************************** +% * BIBLIOGRAPHY * +% **************************************** + +\renewenvironment{references}[0]{ + \onecolumngrid + \par + \vspace{10pt plus 3pt} + \noindent \makebox[\textwidth][c]{\small\scshape REFERENCES} + \par + \vspace*{4pt plus 3pt} + \set@column@hsize{2}\twocolumngrid + \parindent=0cm \parskip=0cm + \def\baselinestretch{1.0} + \footnotesize \baselineskip=\baselinestretch\bibbaselineskip plus 1pt + minus 1pt \interlinepenalty \@M + \hyphenpenalty=10000 + \frenchspacing % AV - to get right spacing after ``et al.'' + \def\refpar{\par\hangindent=1.2em\hangafter=1}} +{ + \onecolumngrid +} + +% redefine thebibliography +% redefine thebibliography + +% remove numbers from the reference list +\def\@biblabel#1{\relax} + +\newdimen\bibindent +\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{ + \if@chicago \onecolumngrid \else \twocolumngrid \fi + \par + \raggedright + \vspace{10pt plus 3pt} + \if@chicago + \noindent \makebox[\textwidth][c]{\footnotesize REFERENCES} + \else + \centerline{\normalsize REFERENCES} + \fi + \par + \if@chicago + \vspace*{4pt plus 3pt} + \set@column@hsize{2} + \twocolumngrid + \fi + \list{}% + { + \parindent=0pt \parskip=0pt \parsep=0pt % AV + \bibindent=0pt % + \def\baselinestretch{1.0} + \footnotesize \baselineskip=\bibbaselineskip \interlinepenalty \@M % AV + \frenchspacing % AV - to get right spacing after ``et al.'' + \hyphenpenalty=10000 + \itemindent=-1.0em % + \itemsep=0pt % + \listparindent=0pt % + \settowidth\labelwidth{0pt} % + \labelsep=0pt % + \leftmargin=1.0em + \advance\leftmargin\labelsep +%%% \usecounter{enumiv}% + \let\p@enumiv\@empty + \renewcommand\theenumiv{\relax}}% + \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000% + \sfcode`\.\@m} + {\def\@noitemerr + {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}% + \endlist + \onecolumngrid + } + +% %% AV: + +\def\reference{\@ifnextchar\bgroup {\@reference} + {\@latexerr{Missing key on reference command} + {Each reference command should have a key corresponding to a markcite somewhere in the text}}} +\def\@reference#1{\refpar} + +%% subtitle header and journal info: +\def\submitted#1{\gdef\@submitted{#1}} +\def\journalinfo#1{\gdef\@journalinfo{#1}} +\def\subtitle{ + \vspace*{-12mm} + \noindent + {\scriptsize {\sc \@journalinfo} \\ + Preprint typeset using \LaTeX\ style emulateapj v.\ \emulapj@ver} +} +\let\slugcomment\submitted % slugcomment == submitted +\submitted{Draft version \today} +\journalinfo{\@submitted} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Equations % +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% EQNARRAY with reduced spacing around tab characters - AV +\def\eqnarray{% + \stepcounter{equation}% + \def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}% + \global\@eqnswtrue + \setlength{\arraycolsep}{0.25\arraycolsep} + \m@th + \global\@eqcnt\z@ + \tabskip\@centering + \let\\\@eqncr + $$\everycr{}\halign to\displaywidth\bgroup + \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel + &\global\@eqcnt\@ne\hskip \tw@\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil + &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip \tw@\arraycolsep + $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering + &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@ \hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup + \tabskip\z@skip + \cr + } + +% **************************************** +% * TABLES AND FIGURES * +% **************************************** + + + +\def\@arstrut@hline@clnc{0.5\p@}% % Klootch: magic number + +\setcounter{topnumber}{7} + +\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{0pt} +\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{5pt} + +\setlength{\textfloatsep}{-\baselinestretch\baselineskip} +\setlength{\dbltextfloatsep}{-\baselinestretch\baselineskip} +\if@apj@letter + \addtolength{\textfloatsep}{5mm plus 10mm minus 10mm} + \addtolength{\dbltextfloatsep}{5mm plus 10mm minus 10mm} +\else + \addtolength{\textfloatsep}{7mm plus 10mm minus 10mm} + \addtolength{\dbltextfloatsep}{7mm plus 10mm minus 10mm} +\fi + +\renewcommand{\topfraction}{1.0} +\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{1.0} +\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.0} +\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{0.85} +\renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{0.85} +\setcounter{topnumber}{9} +\setcounter{bottomnumber}{9} +\setcounter{totalnumber}{20} +\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9} + +% Copied from revtex4.cls; without it, captions are centered +\def\@xfloat@prep{% + \let\footnote\footnote@latex + \def\@mpfn{mpfootnote}% + \def\thempfn{\thempfootnote}% + \c@mpfootnote\z@ + \let\@footnotetext\@mpfootnotetext + \let\H@@footnotetext\@mpfootnotetext + \let\@makefntext\@mpmakefntext +}% + +\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{% + \noindent\begin{minipage}{0.9999\linewidth} %% \noindent is needed because + %% otherwise minipage + parindent does not fit into the line and spurious + %% vertical skip appear after caption + \if\csname ftype@\@captype\endcsname 2 + \vskip 2ex\noindent \centering\@table@type@size{\@eapj@cap@font #1}\par + \if@chicago\@eapj@cap@font\fi #2\par\medskip + \else + \vspace*{\abovecaptionskip}\noindent\footnotesize #1 #2\par\vskip \belowcaptionskip + \fi + \end{minipage}\par + } + + + +%%%%%%%%%%%% FIX \cutinhead +\def\@ptabularcr{\\} +\newcommand\cutinhead[1]{% + \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% + \hline + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip -1.5ex}% + \multicolumn{\LT@cols}{c}{#1}% + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip .8ex}% + \hline + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% +}% + +\newcommand\sidehead[1]{% + \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% +% \hline +% \@ptabularcr +% \noalign{\vskip -1.5ex}% + \multicolumn{\LT@cols}{l}{#1}% + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip .8ex}% +% \hline +% \@ptabularcr +% \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% +}% + + +\newcommand\figcaption{\@testopt{\@xfigcaption}{}}% +%% suggested by Joern Wilms +\def\@figcaption#1{{\def\@captype{figure}\caption{\footnotesize #1}}} +\def\@xfigcaption[#1]#2{{\def\@captype{figure}\caption{\footnotesize #2}}} + +\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure} +\def\fnum@figure{{\footnotesize{\@eapj@cap@font\if@chicago~~\fi\mbox{\@eapj@figname~\thefigure.}\if@chicago---\else~\fi}}} + +\def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table} +%%% Table captions without making a floating table +\def\tabcaption{\@ifnextchar[{\@xtabcaption}{\@tabcaption}} +\def\@tabcaption#1{{\def\@captype{table}\caption{#1}}} +\def\@xtabcaption[#1]#2{{\def\@captype{table}\caption{#2}}} +\def\fnum@table{{\@eapj@cap@font \@eapj@tabname~\thetable}} +% \let\fnum@ptable=\fnum@table +% \def\fnum@ptablecont{{\centering{\scshape Table~\thetable}---{\itshape +% Continued}}}% +% \long\def\@make@caption@text#1#2{% +% {\small\centering#1{\scshape #2}\par\vskip1.4ex} +% }% +\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont#1#2{% + {\small \centering#1\par}\vskip1.4ex\relax +}% + + +%% Commands from aastex.cls: +\newcommand\dataset{\@testopt\@dataset{[}}% +\def\@dataset[#1]#2{#2}% +\newcommand\facility{\@testopt\@facility{[}}% +\def\@facility[#1]#2{#2}% +\newcommand\object{\@testopt\@object{[}}% +\def\@object[#1]#2{#2}% +\newcommand\objectname{\@testopt\@objectname{[]}}% +\def\@objectname[#1]#2{#2}% +\newlength{\plot@width} +\def\eps@scaling{1.0}% +\newcommand\epsscale[1]{\def\eps@scaling{#1}}% +\newcommand\plotone[1]{% + \centering + \leavevmode + \setlength{\plot@width}{0.85\linewidth} + \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\plot@width}]{#1}% +}% +\newcommand\plottwo[2]{% + \centering + \leavevmode + \setlength{\plot@width}{0.425\linewidth} + \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\plot@width}]{#1}% + \hfil + \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\plot@width}]{#2}% +}% +\newcommand\plotfiddle[7]{% + \centering + \leavevmode + \vbox\@to#2{\rule{\z@}{#2}}% + \includegraphics[% + scale=#4, + angle=#3, + origin=c + ]{#1}% +}% +\newcommand\figurenum[1]{% + \def\thefigure{#1}% + \let\@currentlabel\thefigure + \addtocounter{figure}{\m@ne}% +}% + +\newcommand\phn{\phantom{0}}% +\newcommand\phd{\phantom{.}}% +\newcommand\phs{\phantom{$-$}}% +\newcommand\phm[1]{\phantom{#1}}% +\let\la=\lesssim % For Springer A&A compliance... +\let\ga=\gtrsim +\newcommand\sq{\mbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}% +\newcommand\arcdeg{\mbox{$^\circ$}}% +\newcommand\arcmin{\mbox{$^\prime$}}% +\newcommand\arcsec{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}% +\newcommand\fd{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm d}$}}% +\newcommand\fh{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm h}$}}% +\newcommand\fm{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm m}$}}% +\newcommand\fs{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm s}$}}% +\newcommand\fdg{\mbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}% +\newcommand\farcm@mss{\mbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}% +\let\farcm\farcm@mss +\newcommand\farcs@mss{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}% +\let\farcs\farcs@mss +\newcommand\fp{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm p}$}}% +\newcommand\micron{\mbox{$\mu$m}}% +\def\farcm@apj{% + \mbox{.\kern -0.7ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime$}}% +}% +\def\farcs@apj{% + \mbox{% + \kern 0.13ex.% + \kern -0.95ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime\prime$}% + \kern -0.1ex% + }% +}% + + +\newcommand\ion[2]{#1$\;${% +\ifx\@currsize\normalsize\small \else +\ifx\@currsize\small\footnotesize \else +\ifx\@currsize\footnotesize\scriptsize \else +\ifx\@currsize\scriptsize\tiny \else +\ifx\@currsize\large\normalsize \else +\ifx\@currsize\Large\large +\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi +\rmfamily\@Roman{#2}}\relax}% + +\renewcommand\case[2]{\mbox{$\frac{#1}{#2}$}}% +\renewcommand\slantfrac{\case}% +\newcommand\onehalf{\slantfrac{1}{2}}% +\newcommand\onethird{\slantfrac{1}{3}}% +\newcommand\twothirds{\slantfrac{2}{3}}% +\newcommand\onequarter{\slantfrac{1}{4}}% +\newcommand\threequarters{\slantfrac{3}{4}}% +\newcommand\ubvr{\mbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}%% UBVR system +\newcommand\ub{\mbox{$U\!-\!B$}}% % U-B +\newcommand\bv{\mbox{$B\!-\!V$}}% % B-V +\renewcommand\vr{\mbox{$V\!-\!R$}}% % V-R +\newcommand\ur{\mbox{$U\!-\!R$}}% % U-R +\newcommand\nodata{ ~$\cdots$~ }% +\newcommand\diameter{\ooalign{\hfil/\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}% +\newcommand\degr{\arcdeg}% +\newcommand\Sun{\sun}% +\newcommand\Sol{\sun}% +\newcommand\sun{\odot}% +\newcommand\Mercury{\astro{\char1}}% Mercury symbol, "1" +\newcommand\Venus{\astro{\char2}}% Venus symbol, "2" +\newcommand\Earth{\earth}% +\newcommand\Terra{\earth}% +\newcommand\earth{\oplus}% +\newcommand\Mars{\astro{\char4}}% Mars symbol, "4" +\newcommand\Jupiter{\astro{\char5}}% Jupiter symbol, "5" +\newcommand\Saturn{\astro{\char6}}% Saturn symbol, "6" +\newcommand\Uranus{\astro{\char7}}% Uranus symbol, "7" +\newcommand\Neptune{\astro{\char8}}% Neptune symbol, "8" +\newcommand\Pluto{\astro{\char9}}% Pluo symbol, "9" +\newcommand\Moon{\astro{\char10}}% Moon symbol, "M" +\newcommand\Luna{\Moon}% +\newcommand\Aries{\astro{\char11}}% +\newcommand\VEq{\Aries}% vernal equinox (Aries) +\newcommand\Taurus{\astro{\char12}}% +\newcommand\Gemini{\astro{\char13}}% +\newcommand\Cancer{\astro{\char14}}% +\newcommand\Leo{\astro{\char15}}% +\newcommand\Virgo{\astro{\char16}}% +\newcommand\Libra{\astro{\char17}}% +\newcommand\AEq{\Libra}% autumnal equinox (Libra) +\newcommand\Scorpius{\astro{\char18}}% +\newcommand\Sagittarius{\astro{\char19}}% +\newcommand\Capricornus{\astro{\char20}}% +\newcommand\Aquarius{\astro{\char21}}% +\newcommand\Pisces{\astro{\char22}}% + +\newcommand\sbond{\chem@bnd{\@sbnd}}% +\newcommand\dbond{\chem@bnd{\@dbnd}}% +\newcommand\tbond{\chem@bnd{\@tbnd}}% +\def\chem@bnd#1{% + {% + \kern.1em\relax + \setbox\z@\hbox{M}% + \dimen@ii.8em\relax + \p@=.1em\relax + \dimen@.5\ht\z@\dimen@i-\dimen@ + \advance\dimen@1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i-1.0\p@ + #1% + \kern.1em\relax + }% + }% +\def\@sbnd{% + \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + }% +\def\@dbnd{% + \advance\dimen@-0.5\p@\advance\dimen@i0.5\p@ + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ + \hskip-\dimen@ii + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + }% +\def\@tbnd{% + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ + \hskip-\dimen@ii + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ + \hskip-\dimen@ii + \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak + }% + +\newcommand\anchor[2]{#2}% +\renewcommand\url{\@dblarg\@url}% +\def\@url[#1]{\anchor{#1}}% + +\let\jnl@style=\rmfamily +\def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1}}% +\newcommand\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}% % Astronomical Journal +\newcommand\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}% % Annual Review of Astron and Astrophys +\renewcommand\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% % Astrophysical Journal +\newcommand\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% % Astrophysical Journal, Letters +\newcommand\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}% % Astrophysical Journal, Supplement +\renewcommand\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.~Opt.}}% % Applied Optics +\newcommand\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}% % Astrophysics and Space Science +\newcommand\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}% % Astronomy and Astrophysics +\newcommand\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}% % Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews +\newcommand\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}% % Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement +\newcommand\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}% % Astronomicheskii Zhurnal +\newcommand\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}% % Bulletin of the AAS +\newcommand\icarus{\ref@jnl{Icarus}}% % Icarus +\newcommand\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}% % Journal of the RAS of Canada +\newcommand\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}% % Memoirs of the RAS +\newcommand\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}% % Monthly Notices of the RAS +\renewcommand\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~A}}% % Physical Review A: General Physics +\renewcommand\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~B}}% % Physical Review B: Solid State +\renewcommand\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~C}}% % Physical Review C +\renewcommand\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~D}}% % Physical Review D +\renewcommand\pre{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~E}}% % Physical Review E +\renewcommand\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~Lett.}}% % Physical Review Letters +\newcommand\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}% % Publications of the ASP +\newcommand\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}% % Publications of the ASJ +\newcommand\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}% % Quarterly Journal of the RAS +\newcommand\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}% % Sky and Telescope +\newcommand\solphys{\ref@jnl{Sol.~Phys.}}% % Solar Physics +\newcommand\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}% % Soviet Astronomy +\newcommand\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.~Rev.}}% % Space Science Reviews +\newcommand\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}% % Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik +\renewcommand\nat{\ref@jnl{Nature}}% % Nature +\newcommand\iaucirc{\ref@jnl{IAU~Circ.}}% % IAU Cirulars +\newcommand\aplett{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Lett.}}% % Astrophysics Letters +\newcommand\apspr{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.}}% % Astrophysics Space Physics Research +\newcommand\bain{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands}}% % Bulletin Astronomical Institute of the Netherlands +\newcommand\fcp{\ref@jnl{Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.}}% % Fundamental Cosmic Physics +\newcommand\gca{\ref@jnl{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}}% % Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta +\newcommand\grl{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}}% % Geophysics Research Letters +\renewcommand\jcp{\ref@jnl{J.~Chem.~Phys.}}% % Journal of Chemical Physics +\newcommand\jgr{\ref@jnl{J.~Geophys.~Res.}}% % Journal of Geophysics Research +\newcommand\jqsrt{\ref@jnl{J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.}}% % Journal of Quantitiative Spectroscopy and Radiative Trasfer +\newcommand\memsai{\ref@jnl{Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana}}% % Mem. Societa Astronomica Italiana +\newcommand\nphysa{\ref@jnl{Nucl.~Phys.~A}}% % Nuclear Physics A +\newcommand\physrep{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rep.}}% % Physics Reports +\newcommand\physscr{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Scr}}% % Physica Scripta +\newcommand\planss{\ref@jnl{Planet.~Space~Sci.}}% % Planetary Space Science +\newcommand\procspie{\ref@jnl{Proc.~SPIE}}% % Proceedings of the SPIE +\let\astap=\aap +\let\apjlett=\apjl +\let\apjsupp=\apjs +\let\applopt=\ao + +\renewcommand\nodata{ ~$\cdots$~ }% +\newcommand\ulap[1]{\vbox\@to\z@{{\vss#1}}}% +\newcommand\dlap[1]{\vbox\@to\z@{{#1\vss}}}% + + +% Implementation of deluxetables via the longtable package + + +\newcounter{table@save} +\def\save@label#1{ + \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{% + \string\newlabel{#1}{{\@currentlabel}{\thepage}}}% + \fi% +} + +\def\tablenum#1{% + \setcounter{table@save}{\the\c@table} + \gdef\use@tablenum{1} + \setcounter{table}{#1}\def\thetable{#1}\def\@currentlabel{#1} + \def\label##1{\save@label{##1}} +}% +\gdef\use@tablenum{0} +\def\restore@tablenum{\if\use@tablenum0\else\setcounter{table}{\the\c@table@save}\addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}\gdef\use@tablenum{0}\fi} + + +\def\tabletypesize#1{\def\table@hook{#1}\gdef\@table@type@size{#1}} +\tabletypesize{\footnotesize} +\let\tablefontsize=\tabletypesize % for compatibility with old documents + +\gdef\@tablecaption{} +\def\tablecaption#1{\gdef\@tablecaption{\if@chicago \@eapj@cap@font \fi #1}} + +\def\LT@endpbox{% + \@finalstrut\@arstrutbox + \egroup + \the\LT@p@ftn + \global\LT@p@ftn{}% + \hfil} + +\def\LT@makecaption#1#2#3{% + \LT@mcol\LT@cols c{\hbox to\z@{\hss\parbox[t]\LTcapwidth{% +% \sbox\@tempboxa{#2.~~#3}% + % \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa>\hsize + \centering + #2~~#3% +% \else +% \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}% +% \fi + \endgraf\vskip\baselineskip}% + \hss}}} +\let\LT@makecaption@rtx=\LT@makecaption % to fight redefinition in Revtex-4.1 + +\global\let\tablenotemark\relax +\global\def\tablenotemark#1{{\normalfont\textsuperscript{#1}}} +\global\let\tablenotetext\relax +\global\def\tablenotetext#1#2{\footnotetext[#1]{\@table@type@size#2}} + + +\newif\if@table@not@headed + +\def\startdata{\if@table@not@headed\kill\caption{\\% + \@tablecaption}\endhead\hline\endfoot% + \fi% +} + +\def\tablehead#1{ + \@table@not@headedfalse% + \kill + \caption{\\% + \@tablecaption}% + \\ + \hline + \hline\\[-1.7ex] + #1\hskip\tabcolsep\\[.7ex] + \hline\\[-1.5ex] + \endfirsthead + \caption[]{--- \emph{Continued}}\\ + \hline + \hline\\[-1.7ex] + #1\hskip\tabcolsep\\[.7ex] + \hline\\[-1.5ex] + \endhead + \hline + \endfoot% +} + +\newlength{\table@note@skip} +\setlength{\table@note@skip}{0.5ex} +\newlength{\deluxe@table@width} +\newlength{\@d@t@a} +\newcounter{deluxe@table@num} + +\def\colhead#1{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}} + + +\def\tablewidth#1{% + \ifdim#1=\z@ + \else + \gdef\@d@t@@flag{1} + \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{% + \gdef\expandafter\noexpand + \csname deluxe@table@width@\romannumeral\c@LT@tables\endcsname + {#1}} + \fi + \fi +} + + +\def\save@natural@width{% + \ifnum\@d@t@@flag=0 + \setlength{\@d@t@a}{0pt}% + \let\@d@t@b=\LT@entry% + \def\LT@entry##1##2{\addtolength{\@d@t@a}{##2}% + }% + \expandafter\csname LT@\romannumeral\c@deluxe@table@num\endcsname + \setlength{\@d@t@a}{-\@d@t@a} + \tablewidth{\the\@d@t@a} + \def\LT@entry{\@d@t@b} + \fi +} + +\def\lt@expand@linewidth@one{\setlength\LTleft{0pt}\setlength\LTright{0pt}} +\def\lt@expand@linewidth@two{@{\extracolsep{0pt plus 1filll}}} +\def\find@table@width{% +%%% set table width using aux file and command \tablewidth + \setcounter{deluxe@table@num}{\c@LT@tables} + \refstepcounter{deluxe@table@num} + \expandafter\ifx\csname deluxe@table@width@\romannumeral\c@deluxe@table@num\endcsname\relax + \def\@d@t@{0.999\linewidth} + \else + \edef\@d@t@{\expandafter\csname deluxe@table@width@\romannumeral\c@deluxe@table@num\endcsname} + \fi + \ifdim\@d@t@<\z@% then natural width is used + \setlength{\deluxe@table@width}{-\@d@t@} + \setlength{\LTcapwidth}{-\@d@t@} + \def\lt@expand@linewidth{\relax} + \def\lt@expand@linewidth@{} + \else% we will enclose table in the minipage of the given width and make + % longtable to span the full minipage width + \ifdim\@d@t@>\z@\else\def\@d@t@{0.999\linewidth}\fi + \setlength{\deluxe@table@width}{\@d@t@} + \setlength{\LTcapwidth}{\@d@t@} + \def\lt@expand@linewidth{\lt@expand@linewidth@one} + \def\lt@expand@linewidth@{\lt@expand@linewidth@two} + \fi +} + +\newlength{\abovedeluxetableskip} +\newlength{\belowdeluxetableskip} +\setlength{\abovedeluxetableskip}{0pt} +\setlength{\belowdeluxetableskip}{0pt} +\setlength{\tabcolsep}{5pt} + +\setlength\doublerulesep{1.5pt} +\newdimen\lastrowheight +\def\set@last@row@height{\setlength{\lastrowheight}{\ht\strutbox}\addtolength{\lastrowheight}{\dp\strutbox}\setlength{\lastrowheight}{-\arraystretch\lastrowheight}} + +\let\tableline=\hline % Revtex said: Command \tableline is obsolete; Use \colrule instead.. + +\newtoks\DT@p@ftn +\global\def\tablenotetext@DT#1#2{ +% \edef\@tempa{\the\DT@p@ftn\noexpand\footnotetext[#1]} + \edef\@tempa{\the\DT@p@ftn\noexpand\tablenotemark{#1}~} + \global\DT@p@ftn\expandafter{\@tempa{\@table@type@size#2}\par}}% + + +\newenvironment{deluxetable}[1]{ + \lineskiplimit=\z@ % restore default setting + \def\tablenotetext{\tablenotetext@DT} + \gdef\tblnote@list{} + \gdef\tblref@list{} + \DT@p@ftn{}% + \set@last@row@height\edef\lastrowheight@{\the\lastrowheight} + \renewcommand\tablecomments[1]{\gdef\tblnote@list{\@tablecom{##1}}}% + \renewcommand\tablerefs[1]{\gdef\tblref@list{\@tableref{##1}}}% + \@table@not@headedtrue + \begin{table} + \vspace*{\abovedeluxetableskip} + \gdef\@d@t@@flag{0} + \def\nl{\\} +% \def\tabcolsep{5pt} + \let\caption=\LT@caption + \find@table@width + \centering + \begin{minipage}{\deluxe@table@width} + \lt@expand@linewidth + \begin{longtable}{\lt@expand@linewidth@#1} + }{ + \restore@tablenum% + \end{longtable}% + \save@natural@width + \@spew@tblnotes\end{minipage} + \vspace*{\belowdeluxetableskip} + \end{table} +} + + +\newenvironment{deluxetable*}[1]{ + \lineskiplimit=\z@ % restore default setting + \def\tablenotetext{\tablenotetext@DT} + \gdef\tblnote@list{} + \gdef\tblref@list{} + \DT@p@ftn{}% + \set@last@row@height\edef\lastrowheight@{\the\lastrowheight} + \renewcommand\tablecomments[1]{\gdef\tblnote@list{\@tablecom{##1}}}% + \renewcommand\tablerefs[1]{\gdef\tblref@list{\@tableref{##1}}}% + \@table@not@headedtrue + \begin{table*} + \vspace*{\abovedeluxetableskip} + \gdef\@d@t@@flag{0} + \def\nl{\\} +% \def\tabcolsep{5pt} + \let\caption=\LT@caption + \centering + \find@table@width + \begin{minipage}{\deluxe@table@width} + \lt@expand@linewidth + \begin{longtable*}{\lt@expand@linewidth@#1} + }{\gdef\pt@width{\LTcapwidth}% + \restore@tablenum% + \end{longtable*}% + \save@natural@width + \@spew@tblnotes% + \end{minipage}% + \vspace*{\belowdeluxetableskip} +\end{table*}} + +\def\enddata{\\[\lastrowheight@]\vspace*{1.5mm}} + + +\def\LongTables{ + \renewcommand\tablecomments[1]{\gdef\tblnote@list{\@tablecom{##1}}}% + \renewcommand\tablerefs[1]{\gdef\tblref@list{\@tableref{##1}}}% + \renewenvironment{deluxetable}[1]{ + \def\tablenotetext{\tablenotetext@DT} + \global\DT@p@ftn{}% + \def\nl{\\} +% \def\tabcolsep{5pt} + \let\caption=\LT@caption + \begin{longtable}{##1} + \set@last@row@height\global\edef\lastrowheight@{\the\lastrowheight} + \@table@not@headedtrue + }{\gdef\pt@width{\LTcapwidth}\restore@tablenum + \end{longtable}% + \vspace*{-1.5ex} + \begin{minipage}{0.99\linewidth} + \@spew@tblnotes% + \end{minipage} + } + \renewenvironment{deluxetable*}[1]{ + \def\tablenotetext{\tablenotetext@DT} + \global\DT@p@ftn{}% + %\@table@not@headedtrue % -- wrong per exchange with Giovanni Fossati + \def\nl{\\} +% \def\tabcolsep{5pt} + \let\caption=\LT@caption + \begin{longtable*}{##1} + \set@last@row@height\global\edef\lastrowheight@{\the\lastrowheight} + \@table@not@headedtrue + }{\gdef\pt@width{\LTcapwidth}% + \restore@tablenum% + \end{longtable*}% + \vspace*{-1.5ex} + \begin{minipage}{0.99\linewidth} + \@spew@tblnotes% + \end{minipage} +} +} + +\def\tableheadfrac#1{} +\newcount\pt@column +\newcount\pt@ncol +\newcommand\tablecolumns[1]{% + \pt@column=#1\relax + \pt@ncol=#1\relax + \global\let\pt@addcol\@empty +}% +\def\cutinhead@ppt#1{% + \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% + \hline + \@ptabularcr + \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% Style Note: in apj, it is -1.5ex + \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}% + \\ + \noalign{\vskip .8ex}% + \hline + \\ + \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% +}% +% \newcommand\sidehead[1]{% +% \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% +% \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{@{\hskip\z@}l}{#1}% +% \\ +% \noalign{\vskip .5ex}% +% }% +%\def\startdata{\relax} + +\gdef\tblnote@list{} +\gdef\tblref@list{} +\newcommand\tablecomments[1]{\@tablecom{#1}}% +\newcommand\tablerefs[1]{\@tableref{#1}}% +\def\@tablecom#1{% + \vspace*{\table@note@skip} +\par +{\parbox{\linewidth}{\hskip1em\rmfamily {\@eapj@cap@font Note}. --- #1}\par}% +}% +\def\@tableref#1{% + \vspace*{\table@note@skip} +\par +{\parbox{\linewidth}{\hskip1em\rmfamily {\@eapj@cap@font References}. --- #1}\par}% +}% +\def\spew@tblnotes{% + \@ifx@empty\tblref@list{}{% + \@tablenotes{\tblref@list}% + \vspace*{\table@note@skip}% + \global\let\tblref@list\@empty + }% + \@ifx@empty\tblnote@list{}{% + \@tablenotes{\tblnote@list}% + \vspace*{\table@note@skip}% + \global\let\tblnote@list\@empty + } + \the\DT@p@ftn% +}% +\def\@tablenotes#1{% + \par +% \footnoterule% + {\@table@type@size#1}% +}% + +\endinput +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% Release notes (02/09/03): +%% +%% 1) This is a complete rewrite of emulateapj. The package is now +%% based on revtex instead of aastex + multicol. +%% +%% 2) The {deluxetable} environment is re-implemented (the problem with the +%% the aastex's deluxetable is it does not float). There is also a new +%% environment {deluxetable*} (absent in aastex) to set a floating table +%% two-column wide. Known problems: +%% (a) \rotate doesn't work (too difficult to implement). However, +%% you can use revtex's turnpage environment +%% - load package lscape (\usepackage{lscape} in the header) +%% - move table at the end of the paper after references +%% - \clearpage before the table +%% - \LongTables if the table will span more than 1 page (see next item) +%% - put the table inside the landscape environment and \clearpage +%% at the end: +%% \clearpage +%% \LongTables % optionally +%% \begin{landscape} +%% \begin{deluxetable} +%% .... +%% \end{deluxetable} +%% \clearpage +%% \end{landscape} +%% +%% 3) Multi-page tables cannot be set properly inside the main text; you +%% need to move the table to the end of the paper (after the references) and +%% issue the command \LongTables before it. +%% +%% 4) By default, deluxetables are typeset with \footnotesize. If you want +%% to use a different size, use, e.g., \tabletypesize{\normalsize} _outside_ +%% the deluxetable environment. If you need to increase interline spacing +%% in the tables, use \def\arraystretch{1.XXX} also _outside_ deluxetables. +%% +%% 5) Option `onecolumn' (as in \documentclass[onecolumn]{emulateapj}) +%% sets the whole paper (except the reference section) in one column +%% as done by the ApJ for papers with long equations. +%% +%% 6) Options `apj' and `apjl' (\documentclass[apj]{emulateapj}) change the +%% spacing of the references (the default is ApJL wide spacing), and +%% also the spacing between figures and text (last check with printed +%% Journal in 4/2005). +%% +%% 7) By default, appendix subsections are not numbered: +%% APPENDIX +%% Derivation of Equations +%% If you want them numbered (`A. Derivation of Equations'), use the option +%% \documentclass[numberedappendix]{emulateapj} +%% +%% It is recommended to use the {appendix} environment instead of the +%% \appendix command. Equation (and optionally also table and figure) +%% counters are reset within the {appendix} to something like A1,A2,B1 +%% etc. The counters are restored at \end{appendix} because sometimes we +%% want to place figures and tables belonging to the main matter at the +%% end of the paper. +%% +%% 8) By default, the comment in the upper-left corner of the title page and +%% under the abstract will say "Draft version \today". There are additional +%% commands \journalinfo{} and \submitted{} (the latter is equivalent to the +%% aastex \slugcomment{} which also works) to change those comments. Used +%% alone, \submitted{} will act on both those places. +%% +%% 9) The \title command sets the entire title, including math, in upper +%% case. If this is undesirable, use \lowercase{} macro, e.g., +%% \title{UPPER CASE OK HERE \lowercase{$a+b=c$}}. +%% +%% 10) On the last page where the references or appendix start, there +%% may be problems with placement of footnotes. There is a command +%% \lastpagefoot notes which can be issued somewhere before those +%% footnotes. It will result in the remaining footnotes set together at +%% the end of the text, properly adjusted. +%% +%% 11) There may be problems with single-column figure placements on the +%% last page; try moving the figure around or explicitly specifying the [t] +%% placement. There may also be minor column misalignments on +%% complicated pages with footnotes, sections, etc.; these are too difficult +%% to fix. +%% +%% 12) Any footnotes in the paper title should be set as +%% \title{Title\footnotemark[1]} \footnotetext[1]{text} (with foootnotetext +%% outside the title), rather that simply a \footnote{}. +%% +%% NOTE that if you use the footnote in the title, the footnote counter for +%% the main text will be wrong. You need to reset it manually _after_ the +%% first \section. For example, if the frontmatter footnotes (title + +%% affiliations) stop at 3, you need \setcounter{footnote}{3} +%% +%% 13) \label's within the deluxetable environments should go INSIDE the +%% \tablecaption{...} command or after \tablehead +%% +%% 14) ... if, however, you use \tablenum [not recommended], \label should +%% go IMMEDIATELY AFTER the \tablenum command +%% +%% 15) Marc Audard reports that if the bibliography is exactly finishing the +%% page, and the next page should be a table, latex is not working. If an +%% empty character (\mbox{~}) is added after (or before) the bibliography, +%% i.e., starting a new page, the problem disappears. +%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% Change Log +%% +%% 2/14/3: fixed several bugs in deluxetable and footnotes inside the title. +%% +%% 3/3/3: Table caption is made in two lines. works only in {table} or +%% {table*}, but not in {deluxetable} +%% +%% 3/3/3: Redefine p@subsection etc. for ApJ-style cross-references. +%% +%% 3/16/3: Define \tablerefs +%% +%% 3/25/3: Fix two-column references in the onecolumn mode (see +%% \set@column@hsize{2}) +%% +%% 4/9/3: Change the definition of \tablenotemark. It is less general but +%% works in the table caption. Also, put the body of deluxetable* +%% inside a minipage to fix table footnotes. +%% +%% 5/14/3: Change section title font sizes. They are now different for 'apj' +%% and 'apjl' options +%% +%% 7/8/3: redefine NAT@sort@cites after loding revtex4 to prevent citations +%% from being sorted +%% +%% 7/15/3: Fix \and in the author list +%% +%% 7/17/3: Make \colhead to center column titles by default +%% +%% 7/27/3: Redefile \@biblabel to remove the numbered list from thebibliography +%% +%% 9/08/3: Further fixes to cutinhead: define @ptabularcr and use LT@cols +%% +%% 10/08/3: Copy definitions for \anchor and \url from aastex. +%% +%% 10/10/3: define \paragraph, \subparagraph. suppress section numbering +%% below \subsection. If you want subsubsections numbered, use +%% \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} +%% in the header +%% +%% 11/13/3: add 'unsortedaddress' option to revtex4 to prevent groupin the +%% authors by the institute +%% +%% 11/26/3: define \def\blankaffiliation{~} after revtex4 to prevent \and's +%% from combining +%% +%% 2/10/4: implement \tablewidth; works as documented in aastex; +%% change format for caption of deluxetables from Table 1. Title to +%% Table 1. +%% Title +%% Make table notes of the same width as the table. +%% Fix tabletypesize for table notes +%% +%% 2/12/4: fix \tablewidth: \tablewidth{0pt} gives natural size (as does no +%% \tablewidth at all) +%% Remove dot after "Table 1." +%% Also change format to Table 1--- Continued +%% +%% 2/19/4: implement \tablenum within deluxetable; abstract paragraphs +%% indented; +%% +%% 3/19/4: if no \tablehead is given, \startdata still prints out the caption +%% +%% 4/2/4: remove a spurious space from the definition of \tablehead +%% +%% 4/12/4: Due to popular demand, define \tablecomments and \tablerefs for +%% ordinary {table}s. +%% +%% 6/6/4: Proper implementation of \sidehead in the deluxetable +%% +%% 6/21/4: Fix issues with table heading which were introduced when I tried +%% to implement deluxetable's _without_ any heading. +%% +%% 6/22/4: correct implementation of \tablenotetext in the \LongTable mode +%% (they previously generated plain footnotes at the end of the table) +%% +%% 9/21/4: fix bug fix figure and table numbers in the appendicies +%% +%% 10/8/4: add \object \facility \dataset from aastex +%% +%% 11/26/4: Change floats-to-text distance to 5mm in ApJLetter style and +%% 7mm in ApJ style (verified with Journal version in Dec 2004) +%% +%% 4/21/5: change \renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{0.85}; add +%% \renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{0.85} +%% \setcounter{topnumber}{9} +%% \setcounter{bottomnumber}{9} +%% \setcounter{totalnumber}{20} +%% \setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9} +%% +%% 11/27/5: Add parameters to fine-tune spacing to deluxetables: +%% \abovedeluxetableskip % = 0 by default +%% \belowdeluxetableskip % = 0 +%% +%% Use these to fiddle with the spacing, e.g. +%% \setlength{\abovetableskipamount}{-1\baselineskip} +%% +%% 12/14/5: no more explicit setting of tabcolsep inside deluxetables (so +%% the user has control over this parameter) +%% +%% 05/04/6: redefine \tableline as \hrule; otherwise it weirdly interact +%% with my implementation of deluxetable +%% +%% 08/13/6: Collect altaffiltext into token and issue \altaffiliation +%% only once. This overcomes the problem with 2**n processing +%% time for long affiliation lists. +%% +%% 08/29/6: fix a problem with alignment of last row in deluxetables +%% +%% 09/06/6: Change code of tablenotetext in all deluxetables (otherwise +%% the change introduced on 6/22/4 sometimes causes the notes to +%% disappear) +%% +%% 09/19/6: Correct propagation of the [apj] and [apjl] for subsection +%% formatting +%% +%% 09/19/6: Appendix no longer changes the numbering for figure and +%% unless the [appendixfloats] option is selected +%% +%% 09/22/6 Fix a bug with last row in deluxetables after \LongTables +%% +%% 10/04/6 redefine tablenotetext again because hyperref incompatibly +%% changes the definition of \footnotetext +%% +%% 10/04/6 Fix spacing before thebilbiography and refereneces +%% (\vspace*->\vspace) +%% +%% 12/01/6 Add \par to the definition of \tablenotetext (to make sure +%% each note is in a separate block) +%% +%% 02/7/07 By popular demand, \tablenotetext is reintroduced in the +%% regular {table} environments. BEWARE: the use of this +%% feature makes your documents non-portable as \tablenotetext +%% is not a part of standard LaTeX +%% +%% 03/7/07 Misc. fixes to \lastpagefootnotes +%% +%% 04/21/07 introduce \affil@mark to facilitate integration with the +%% MinionPro package; slightly change the spacing in the +%% altaffiltext mark +%% +%% 03/31/08 new option [tighten] to facilitate grid typesetting (by +%% setting negative lineskiplimit etc). Correspondingly increase +%% v-spacing at \enddata in the tables +%% +%% 04/15/08 improve table@note@skip (put it inside spew@tblnotes) +%% +%% 04/17/08 set baselinestretch to 1 +%% +%% 04/20/08 Fix above and below display skips (too much of negative stretch +%% was possible) +%% +%% 12/19/08 Fix \ion to use relative sizes (not \small); thanks to Gabor +%% Worseck for pointing this out +%% +%% 12/19/08 Option for IOP formatting: \usepackage[iop,...]{emulateapj} +%% +%% 08/22/09 Fix NAT@sort coding for new release of bibtex +%% +%% 11/10/09 Switch to revtex4-1 +%% +%% 11/10/09 Add stretchable space before appendix; otherwise, the last +%% line can be eaten away. +%% +%% 5/25/10 call revtex with notitlepage in the 1-col mode +%% +%% 8/13/10 put \par after \end{minipage} in makecaption to avoid +%% underfull boxes +%% +%% 5/3/11 new option: twocolappendix +%% comment out \table@not@headedtrue in deluxtable* after +%% \LongTables per exchange with Giovanni Fossati +%% +%% 12/16/11: copy \sbond, dbond, tbond commands from AASTeX +% +%% 08/17/12: option to force using revtex4 +%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/myaas.sty =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/myaas.sty (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/myaas.sty (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + +% already defined in AAS Tex stuff (don't use this style file if using aastex) +\newcommand\tableline{\noalign{\smallskip} \hline \noalign{\smallskip}} +\newcommand\micron{\mbox{$\mu$m}} +\newcommand\comment[1]{\footnote{{\color{red}#1}}} Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/nsfprop.sty =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/nsfprop.sty (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/nsfprop.sty (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ + +% -- SRS section numbering / plain enumerate types -- +\let\@section=\section +\let\@subsection=\subsection +\let\@subsubsection=\subsubsection + +% startsection takes six arguments: +% name +% depth +% ?? (\z@ or \parindent) +% before? +% after? +% typeface settign + +\def\section{ + \@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}% + {0.5ex} + {0.1ex}% + {\normalfont\large\bf} +} + +\def\subsection{ + \@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% + {0.3ex} + {0.1ex}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\bf} +} + +\def\subsubsection{ + \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% + {0.2ex} + {0.1ex}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\bf} +} + +\def\paragraph{ + \@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\parindent}% + {0.1ex} + {0.1ex}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\bf} +} + +\def\subparagraph{ + \@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}% + {0.1ex} + {0.1ex}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\it} +} + +\def\subsubparagraph{ + \@startsection{subsubparagraph}{6}{\parindent}% + {0.1ex} + {0.1ex}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\it} +} + +\let\subsubsubsection=\paragraph +\let\subsubsubsubsection=\subparagraph Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/revsymb4-1.sty =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/revsymb4-1.sty (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/revsymb4-1.sty (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +%% +%% This is file `revsymb4-1.sty', +%% generated with the docstrip utility. +%% +%% The original source files were: +%% +%% revtex4-1.dtx (with options: `revsymb') +%% +%% This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution. +%% For the version number, search on the string +%% Original version by David Carlisle +%% Modified by Arthur Ogawa (mailto:arthur_ogawa at sbcglobal dot net) +%% +%% Copyright (c) 2009 The American Physical Society. +%% http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ +%% mailto:revtex4@aps.org +%% +%% See the REVTeX 4 README file for restrictions and more information. +%% +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1996/12/01]% +\ProvidesPackage{revsymb4-1} + [2010/07/25/20:33:00 4.1r (http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ for documentation)]% \fileversion +\def\REVSYMB@warn#1{\PackageWarningNoLine{revsymb}{#1}}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\lambdabar{% + \bgroup + \def\@tempa{% + \hbox{% + \raise.73\ht\z@ + \hb@xt@\z@{% + \kern.25\wd\z@ + \vrule \@width.5\wd\z@\@height.1\p@\@depth.1\p@ + \hss + }% + \box\z@ + }% + }% + \mathchoice + {\setbox\z@\hbox{$\displaystyle \lambda$}\@tempa}% + {\setbox\z@\hbox{$\textstyle \lambda$}\@tempa}% + {\setbox\z@\hbox{$\scriptstyle \lambda$}\@tempa}% + {\setbox\z@\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\lambda$}\@tempa}% + \egroup +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\openone{\leavevmode\hbox{\small1\normalsize\kern-.33em1}}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\corresponds{\replace@command\corresponds\triangleq}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\overcirc{\replace@command\overcirc\mathring}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\overdots{\replace@command\overdots\dddot}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\REV@triangleq{% + {\lower.2ex\hbox{=}}{\kern-.75em^\triangle}% +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\REV@dddot[1]{% + \@ontopof{#1}{\cdots}{1.0}\mathord{\box2}% +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\altsuccsim{\succ\kern-.9em_\sim\kern.3em}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\altprecsim{\prec\kern-1em_\sim\kern.3em}% +\let\REV@succsim\altsuccsim +\let\REV@precsim\altprecsim +\DeclareRobustCommand\REV@lesssim{\mathrel{\mathpalette\vereq{<}}}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\REV@gtrsim{\mathrel{\mathpalette\vereq{>}}}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\alt{\lesssim} +\DeclareRobustCommand\agt{\gtrsim} +\def\vereq#1#2{% + \lower3\p@\vbox{% + \baselineskip1.5\p@ + \lineskip1.5\p@ + \ialign{$\m@th#1\hfill##\hfil$\crcr#2\crcr\sim\crcr}% + }% +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\tensor[1]{\@ontopof{#1}{\leftrightarrow}{1.15}\mathord{\box2}} +\DeclareRobustCommand\overstar[1]{\@ontopof{#1}{\ast}{1.15}\mathord{\box2}} +\DeclareRobustCommand\loarrow[1]{\@ontopof{#1}{\leftarrow}{1.15}\mathord{\box2}} +\DeclareRobustCommand\roarrow[1]{\@ontopof{#1}{\rightarrow}{1.15}\mathord{\box2}} +\def\@ontopof#1#2#3{% + {% + \mathchoice + {\@@ontopof{#1}{#2}{#3}\displaystyle \scriptstyle }% + {\@@ontopof{#1}{#2}{#3}\textstyle \scriptstyle }% + {\@@ontopof{#1}{#2}{#3}\scriptstyle \scriptscriptstyle}% + {\@@ontopof{#1}{#2}{#3}\scriptscriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle}% + }% +}% +\def\@@ontopof#1#2#3#4#5{% + \setbox\z@\hbox{$#4#1$}% + \setbox\f@ur\hbox{$#5#2$}% + \setbox\tw@\null\ht\tw@\ht\z@ \dp\tw@\dp\z@ + \@ifdim{\wd\z@>\wd\f@ur}{% + \setbox\f@ur\hb@xt@\wd\z@{\hss\box\f@ur\hss}% + \mathord{\rlap{\raise#3\ht\z@\box\f@ur}\box\z@}% + }{% + \setbox\f@ur\hb@xt@.9\wd\f@ur{\hss\box\f@ur\hss}% + \setbox\z@\hb@xt@\wd\f@ur{\hss$#4\relax#1$\hss}% + \mathord{\rlap{\copy\z@}\raise#3\ht\z@\box\f@ur}% + }% +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\frak{% + \REVSYMB@warn{% + Command \string\frak\space unsupported:^^J% + please use \string\mathfrak\space instead.% + }% + \global\let\frak\mathfrak + \frak +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\REV@mathfrak{% + \REVSYMB@warn{% + Command \string\mathfrak\space undefined:^^J% + please specify the amsfonts or amssymb option!% + }% + \global\let\mathfrak\@firstofone + \mathfrak +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\Bbb{% + \REVSYMB@warn{% + Command \string\Bbb\space unsupported:^^J% + please use \string\mathbb\space instead.% + }% + \global\let\Bbb\mathbb + \Bbb +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\REV@mathfrak{% + \REVSYMB@warn{% + Command \string\mathbb\space undefined:^^J% + please specify the amsfonts or amssymb option!% + }% + \global\let\mathbb\@firstofone + \mathbb +}% +\def\Bigglb{\REV@boldopen \Bigg}% +\def\Biglb {\REV@boldopen \Big }% +\def\bigglb{\REV@boldopen \bigg}% +\def\biglb {\REV@boldopen \big }% +\def\Biggrb{\REV@boldclose\Bigg}% +\def\Bigrb {\REV@boldclose\Big }% +\def\biggrb{\REV@boldclose\bigg}% +\def\bigrb {\REV@boldclose\big }% +\def\REV@pmb#1{% + \hbox{% + \setbox\z@=\hbox{#1}% + \kern-.02em\copy\z@\kern-\wd\z@ + \kern .04em\copy\z@\kern-\wd\z@ + \kern-.02em + \raise.04em\copy\z@ + }% +}% +\def\REV@boldopen #1#2{\mathopen {\REV@pmb{$#1#2$}}}% +\def\REV@boldclose#1#2{\mathclose{\REV@pmb{$#1#2$}}}% +\def\revsymb@inithook{% + \@ifxundefined\dddot{\let\dddot\REV@dddot}{}% + \@ifxundefined\triangleq{\let\triangleq\REV@triangleq}{}% + \@ifxundefined\succsim{\let\succsim\altsuccsim}{}% + \@ifxundefined\precsim{\let\precsim\altprecsim}{}% + \@ifxundefined\lesssim{\let\lesssim\REV@lesssim}{}% + \@ifxundefined\gtrsim {\let\gtrsim \REV@gtrsim }{}% + \@ifxundefined\mathfrak{\let\mathfrak\REV@mathfrak}{}% + \@ifxundefined\mathbb{\let\mathbb\REV@mathbb}{}% +}% +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `revsymb4-1.sty'. Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/revtex4-1.cls =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/revtex4-1.cls (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/inputs/revtex4-1.cls (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,7553 @@ +%% +%% This is file `revtex4-1.cls', +%% generated with the docstrip utility. +%% +%% The original source files were: +%% +%% revtex4-1.dtx (with options: `kernel') +%% ltxutil.dtx (with options: `kernel') +%% ltxfront.dtx (with options: `kernel') +%% ltxgrid.dtx (with options: `kernel') +%% revtex4-1.dtx (with options: `options') +%% ltxutil.dtx (with options: `options') +%% ltxfront.dtx (with options: `options') +%% ltxgrid.dtx (with options: `options') +%% revtex4-1.dtx (with options: `package') +%% +%% This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution. +%% For the version number, search on the string +%% Original version by David Carlisle +%% Modified by Arthur Ogawa (mailto:arthur_ogawa at sbcglobal dot net) +%% +%% Copyright (c) 2009 The American Physical Society. +%% http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ +%% mailto:revtex4@aps.org +%% +%% See the REVTeX 4 README file for restrictions and more information. +%% +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1996/12/01]% +\ProvidesClass{revtex4-1} + [2010/07/25/20:33:00 4.1r (http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ for documentation)]% \fileversion +\let\class@name\@gtempa +\GenericInfo{}{\space + Copyright (c) 2009 The American Physical Society.^^J + mailto:revtex@aps.org^^J + Licensed under the LPPL:^^Jhttp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/lppl.txt^^J + Arthur Ogawa ^^J + Based on work by David Carlisle % + \@gobble +}% +\if@compatibility + \edef\reserved@a{\errhelp{% + Change your \string\documentstyle\space statement to + \string\documentclass\space and rerun. + }}\reserved@a + \errmessage{You cannot run \class@name\space in compatability mode}% + \expandafter\@@end +\fi +\typeout{% +ltxutil% + [2010/07/25/20:33:00 4.1r utilities package (portions licensed from W. E. Baxter web at superscript.com)]% \fileversion +}% +\def\class@err#1{\ClassError{\class@name}{#1}\@eha}% +\def\class@warn#1{\ClassWarningNoLine{\class@name}{#1}}% +\def\class@info#1{\ClassInfo{\class@name}{#1}}% +\def\obsolete@command#1{% + \class@warn@end{Command \string#1\space is obsolete.^^JPlease remove from your document}% + \global\let#1\@empty + #1% +}% +\def\replace@command#1#2{% + \class@warn@end{Command \string#1\space is obsolete;^^JUse \string#2\space instead}% + \global\let#1#2% + #1% +}% +\def\replace@environment#1#2{% + \class@warn@end{Environment #1 is obsolete;^^JUse #2 instead}% + \glet@environment{#1}{#2}% + \@nameuse{#1}% +}% +\def\incompatible@package#1{% + \@ifpackageloaded{#1}{% + \def\@tempa{I cannot continue. You must remove the \string\usepackage\ statement that caused that package to be loaded.}% + \ClassError{\class@name}{The #1 package cannot be used with \class@name}% + \@tempa\stop + }{% + \class@info{#1 was not loaded (OK!)}% + }% +}% +\def\class@warn@end#1{% + \gappdef\class@enddocumenthook{\class@warn{#1}}% +}% +\ifx\undefined\class@name + \def\class@name{ltxutil}% + \class@warn{You should define the class name before reading in this package. Using default}% +\fi +\def\t@{to}% +\dimendef\dimen@iii\thr@@ +\def\halignt@{\halign\t@}% +\chardef\f@ur=4\relax +\chardef\cat@letter=11\relax +\chardef\other=12\relax +\def\let@environment#1#2{% + \expandafter\let + \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname#2\endcsname + \expandafter\let + \csname end#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname end#2\endcsname +}% +\def\glet@environment#1#2{% + \global\expandafter\let + \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname#2\endcsname + \global\expandafter\let + \csname end#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname end#2\endcsname +}% +\newcommand\tracingplain{% + \tracingonline\z@\tracingcommands\z@\tracingstats\z@ + \tracingpages\z@\tracingoutput\z@\tracinglostchars\@ne + \tracingmacros\z@\tracingparagraphs\z@\tracingrestores\z@ + \showboxbreadth5\showboxdepth3\relax %\errorstopmode + }% +\newcommand\traceoutput{% + \appdef\@resetactivechars{\showoutput}% +}% +\newcommand\say[1]{\typeout{<\noexpand#1=\meaning#1>}}% +\newcommand\saythe[1]{\typeout{<\noexpand#1=\the#1>}}% +\def\fullinterlineskip{\prevdepth\z@}% +\countdef\count@i\@ne +\countdef\count@ii\tw@ +\long\def\prepdef#1#2{% + \@ifxundefined#1{\toks@{}}{\toks@\expandafter{#1}}% + \toks@ii{#2}% + \edef#1{\the\toks@ii\the\toks@}% +}% +\long\def\appdef#1#2{% + \@ifxundefined#1{\toks@{}}{\toks@\expandafter{#1}}% + \toks@ii{#2}% + \edef#1{\the\toks@\the\toks@ii}% +}% +\long\def\gappdef#1#2{% + \@ifxundefined#1{\toks@{}}{\toks@\expandafter{#1}}% + \toks@ii{#2}% + \global\edef#1{\the\toks@\the\toks@ii}% +}% +\long\def\appdef@val#1#2{% + \appdef#1{{#2}}% +}% +\long\def\appdef@e#1#2{% + \expandafter\appdef + \expandafter#1% + \expandafter{#2}% +}% +\long\def\appdef@eval#1#2{% + \expandafter\appdef@val + \expandafter#1% + \expandafter{#2}% +}% +\toksdef\toks@ii=\tw@ +\long\def\@ifxundefined#1{\@ifx{\undefined#1}}% +\long\def\@ifnotrelax#1#2#3{\@ifx{\relax#1}{#3}{#2}}% +\long\def\@argswap#1#2{#2#1}% +\long\def\@argswap@val#1#2{#2{#1}}% +\def\@ifxundefined@cs#1{\expandafter\@ifx\expandafter{\csname#1\endcsname\relax}}% +\def\@boolean#1#2{% + \long\def#1{% + #2% \if + \expandafter\true@sw + \else + \expandafter\false@sw + \fi + }% +}% +\def\@boole@def#1#{\@boolean{#1}}% Implicit #2 +\def\@booleantrue#1{\let#1\true@sw}% +\def\@booleanfalse#1{\let#1\false@sw}% +\@boole@def\@ifx#1{\ifx#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifx@empty#1{\ifx\@empty#1}% +\@boole@def\@if@empty#1{\if!#1!}% +\def\@if@sw#1#2{#1\expandafter\true@sw\else\expandafter\false@sw#2}% +\@boole@def\@ifdim#1{\ifdim#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifeof#1{\ifeof#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifhbox#1{\ifhbox#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifhmode{\ifhmode}% +\@boole@def\@ifinner{\ifinner}% +\@boole@def\@ifmmode{\ifmmode}% +\@boole@def\@ifnum#1{\ifnum#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifodd#1{\ifodd#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifvbox#1{\ifvbox#1}% +\@boole@def\@ifvmode{\ifvmode}% +\@boole@def\@ifvoid#1{\ifvoid#1}% +\long\def\true@sw#1#2{#1}% +\long\def\false@sw#1#2{#2}% +\long\def\loopuntil#1{#1{}{\loopuntil{#1}}}% +\long\def\loopwhile#1{#1{\loopwhile{#1}}{}}% +\def\@provide#1{% + \@ifx{\undefined#1}{\true@sw}{\@ifx{\relax#1}{\true@sw}{\false@sw}}% + {\def#1}{\def\j@nk}% +}% +\prepdef\document{% + \endgroup + \document@inithook + \true@sw{}% +}% +\let\document@inithook\@empty +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \AtBeginDocument{\class@documenthook}% +}% +\AtEndDocument{% + \class@enddocumenthook +}% +\let\class@documenthook\@empty +\let\class@enddocumenthook\@empty +\def\enddocument{% + \let\AtEndDocument\@firstofone + \@enddocumenthook + \@checkend{document}% + \clear@document + \check@aux + \deadcycles\z@ + \@@end +}% +\def\check@aux{\do@check@aux}% +\def\do@check@aux{% + \@if@sw\if@filesw\fi{% + \immediate\closeout\@mainaux + \let\@setckpt\@gobbletwo + \let\@newl@bel\@testdef + \@tempswafalse + \makeatletter + \input\jobname.aux\relax + }{}% + \@dofilelist + \@ifdim{\font@submax >\fontsubfuzz\relax}{% + \@font@warning{% + Size substitutions with differences\MessageBreak + up to \font@submax\space have occured.\@gobbletwo + }% + }{}% + \@defaultsubs + \@refundefined + \@if@sw\if@filesw\fi{% + \@ifx{\@multiplelabels\relax}{% + \@if@sw\if@tempswa\fi{% + \@latex@warning@no@line{% + Label(s) may have changed. + Rerun to get cross-references right + }% + }{}% + }{% + \@multiplelabels + }% + }{}% +}% +\def\clear@document{% + \clearpage + \do@output@cclv{% + \Call@AfterLastShipout + }% +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \providecommand\Call@AfterLastShipout{}% +}% +\def\class@extension#1#2{% + \IfFileExists{#1.#2}{% + \expandafter\class@extensionfile\csname ver@\@currname.\@currext\endcsname{#1}#2% + }{% + \csname rtx@#1\endcsname + }% +}% +\def\class@extensionfile#1#2#3{% + \@pass@ptions#3\@unusedoptionlist{#2}% + \global\let\@unusedoptionlist\@empty + \expandafter\class@ext@hook\csname#2.#3-h@@k\endcsname#1{#2}#3% +}% +\def\class@ext@hook#1#2#3#4{% + \@pushfilename@ltx + \makeatletter + \let\CurrentOption\@empty + \@reset@ptions + \let#1\@empty + \xdef\@currname{#3}% + \global\let\@currext#4% + \global\let\@clsextension\@currext + \input{#3.#4}% + \@ifl@ter#4{#3}#2{% + \class@info{Class extension later than: #2}% + }{% + \class@info{Class extension earlier: #2}% + \@@end + }% + #1% + \let#1\@undefined + \expandafter\@p@pfilename@ltx\@currnamestack@ltx\@nil + \@reset@ptions +}% +\def\@pushfilename@ltx{% + \xdef\@currnamestack@ltx{% + {\@currname}% + {\@currext}% + {\@clsextension}% + {\the\catcode`\@}% + \@currnamestack@ltx + }% +}% +\def\@p@pfilename@ltx#1#2#3#4#5\@nil{% + \gdef\@currname{#1}% + \gdef\@currext{#2}% + \gdef\@clsextension{#3}% + \catcode`\@#4\relax + \gdef\@currnamestack@ltx{#5}% +}% +\global\let\@currnamestack@ltx\@empty +\def\flushing{% + \let\\\@normalcr + \leftskip\z@skip + \rightskip\z@skip + \@rightskip\z@skip + \parfillskip\@flushglue +}% +\expandafter\DeclareRobustCommand\expandafter\@centercr\expandafter{\@centercr}% +\def\eqnarray@LaTeX{% + \stepcounter{equation}% + \def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}% + \global\@eqnswtrue + \m@th + \global\@eqcnt\z@ + \tabskip\@centering + \let\\\@eqncr + $$\everycr{}\halign to\displaywidth\bgroup + \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel + &\global\@eqcnt\@ne\hskip \tw@\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil + &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip \tw@\arraycolsep + $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering + &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@ \hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup + \tabskip\z@skip + \cr +} +\long\def\eqnarray@fleqn@fixed{% + \stepcounter{equation}\def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}% + \global\@eqnswtrue\m@th\global\@eqcnt\z@ + \tabskip\ltx@mathindent + \let\\=\@eqncr + \setlength\abovedisplayskip{\topsep}% + \ifvmode\addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\partopsep}\fi + \addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\parskip}% + \setlength\belowdisplayskip{\abovedisplayskip}% + \setlength\belowdisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% + \setlength\abovedisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% + $$% + \everycr{}% + \halignt@\linewidth\bgroup + \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel + &\global\@eqcnt\@ne + \hskip\tw@\eqncolsep + \hfil${{}##{}}$\hfil + &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ + \hskip\tw@\eqncolsep + $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering + &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@\hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup + \tabskip\z@skip + \cr +}% +\@ifx{\eqnarray\eqnarray@LaTeX}{% + \class@info{Repairing broken LaTeX eqnarray}% + \let\eqnarray\eqnarray@fleqn@fixed + \newlength\eqncolsep + \setlength\eqncolsep\z@ + \let\eqnarray@LaTeX\relax + \let\eqnarray@fleqn@fixed\relax +}{}% +\def\ltx@mathindent{\@centering}% +\def\set@eqnarray@skips{}% +\def\prep@math{% + \@ifvmode{\everypar{{\setbox\z@\lastbox}}}{}% +}% +\def\prep@math@patch{% + \prepdef\equation{\prep@math}% + \prepdef\eqnarray{\prep@math}% +}% +\def\footnote{\@ifnextchar[\ltx@xfootnote\ltx@yfootnote}% +\def\ltx@xfootnote[#1]{% + \ltx@def@footproc\ltx@footmark[#1]% + \expandafter\ltx@foottext\expandafter{\the\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname}% +}% +\def\ltx@yfootnote{% + \ltx@stp@footproc\ltx@footmark + \expandafter\ltx@foottext\expandafter{\the\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname}% +}% +\def\footnotemark{\@ifnextchar[\ltx@xfootmark\ltx@yfootmark}% +\def\ltx@xfootmark{\ltx@def@footproc\ltx@footmark}% +\def\ltx@yfootmark{\ltx@stp@footproc\ltx@footmark}% +\def\ltx@footmark#1{% + \leavevmode + \ifhmode\edef\@x@sf{\the\spacefactor}\nobreak\fi + \begingroup + \expandafter\ltx@make@current@footnote\expandafter{\@mpfn}{#1}% + \expandafter\@argswap@val\expandafter{\Hy@footnote@currentHref}{\hyper@linkstart {link}}% + \@makefnmark + \hyper@linkend + \endgroup + \ifhmode\spacefactor\@x@sf\fi + \relax +}% +\def\footnotetext{\@ifnextchar[\ltx@xfoottext\ltx@yfoottext}% +\def\ltx@xfoottext{\ltx@def@footproc\ltx@foottext}% +\def\ltx@yfoottext{\ltx@stp@footproc\ltx@foottext}% +\long\def\ltx@foottext#1#2{% + \begingroup + \expandafter\ltx@make@current@footnote\expandafter{\@mpfn}{#1}% + \@footnotetext{#2}% + \endgroup +}% +\def\ltx@def@footproc#1[#2]{% + \begingroup + \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname #2\relax + \unrestored@protected@xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}% + \expandafter\endgroup + \expandafter#1% + \expandafter{\the\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname}% +}% +\def\ltx@stp@footproc#1{% + \expandafter\stepcounter\expandafter{\@mpfn}% + \protected@xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}% + \expandafter#1% + \expandafter{\the\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname}% +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \let\footnote@latex\footnote + \@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{}{% + \let\H@@footnotetext\@footnotetext + \def\@footnotetext{\H@@footnotetext}% + \let\H@@mpfootnotetext\@mpfootnotetext + \def\@mpfootnotetext{\H@@mpfootnotetext}% + }% +}% +\def\ltx@make@current@footnote#1#2{% + \csname c@#1\endcsname#2\relax + \protected@edef\Hy@footnote@currentHref{\@currentHref-#1.\csname the#1\endcsname}% +}% +\def\thempfootnote@latex{{\itshape \@alph \c@mpfootnote }}% +\def\ltx@thempfootnote{\@alph\c@mpfootnote}% +\@ifx{\thempfootnote\thempfootnote@latex}{% + \class@info{Repairing hyperref-unfriendly LaTeX definition of \string\mpfootnote}% + \let\thempfootnote\ltx@thempfootnote +}{}% +\def\@makefnmark{% + \hbox{% + \@textsuperscript{% + \normalfont\itshape\@thefnmark + }% + }% +}% +\long\def\@footnotetext{% + \insert\footins\bgroup + \make@footnotetext +}% +\long\def\@mpfootnotetext{% + \minipagefootnote@pick + \make@footnotetext +}% +\long\def\make@footnotetext#1{% + \set@footnotefont + \set@footnotewidth + \@parboxrestore + \protected@edef\@currentlabel{% + \csname p@\@mpfn\endcsname\@thefnmark + }% + \color@begingroup + \@makefntext{% + \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1% + \@finalstrut\strutbox\vadjust{\vskip\z@skip}% + }% + \color@endgroup + \minipagefootnote@drop +}% +\def\set@footnotefont{% + \reset@font\footnotesize + \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty + \splittopskip\footnotesep + \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox +}% +\def\set@footnotewidth{\set@footnotewidth@one}% +\def\robustify@contents{% + \let \label \@gobble + \let \index \@gobble + \let \glossary \@gobble + \let\footnote \@gobble + \def\({\string\(}% + \def\){\string\)}% + \def\\{\string\\}% +}% +\long\def\addtocontents#1#2{% + \protected@write\@auxout{\robustify@contents}{\string \@writefile {#1}{#2}}% +}% +\def\addcontentsline#1#2#3{% + \addtocontents{#1}{% + \protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}{}% + }% +}% +\def\label#1{% + \@bsphack + \protected@write\@auxout{}{% + \string\newlabel{#1}{{\@currentlabel}{\thepage}{}{}{}}% + }% + \@esphack +}% +\def\ltx@contentsline#1{% + \expandafter\@ifnotrelax\csname l@#1\endcsname{}{% + \expandafter\let\csname l@#1\endcsname\@gobbletwo + }% + \contentsline@latex{#1}% +}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \let\contentsline@latex\contentsline + \let\contentsline\ltx@contentsline +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \prepdef\caption{\minipagefootnote@here}% +}% +\def\minipagefootnote@init{% + \setbox\@mpfootins\box\voidb@x +}% +\def\minipagefootnote@pick{% + \global\setbox\@mpfootins\vbox\bgroup + \unvbox\@mpfootins +}% +\def\minipagefootnote@drop{% + \egroup +}% +\def\minipagefootnote@here{% + \par + \@ifvoid\@mpfootins{}{% + \vskip\skip\@mpfootins + \fullinterlineskip + \@ifinner{% + \vtop{\unvcopy\@mpfootins}% + {\setbox\z@\lastbox}% + }{}% + \unvbox\@mpfootins + }% +}% +\def\minipagefootnote@foot{% + \@ifvoid\@mpfootins{}{% + \insert\footins\bgroup\unvbox\@mpfootins\egroup + }% +}% +\def\endminipage{% + \par + \unskip + \minipagefootnote@here + \@minipagefalse %% added 24 May 89 + \color@endgroup + \egroup + \expandafter\@iiiparbox\@mpargs{\unvbox\@tempboxa}% +}% +\@booleantrue\floats@sw +\let\@xfloat@LaTeX\@xfloat +\def\@xfloat#1[#2]{% + \@xfloat@prep + \@nameuse{fp@proc@#2}% + \floats@sw{\@xfloat@LaTeX{#1}[#2]}{\@xfloat@anchored{#1}[]}% +}% +\def\@xfloat@prep{% + \ltx@footnote@pop + \def\@mpfn{mpfootnote}% + \def\thempfn{\thempfootnote}% + \c@mpfootnote\z@ + \let\H@@footnotetext\H@@mpfootnotetext +}% +\let\ltx@footnote@pop\@empty +\def\@xfloat@anchored#1[#2]{% + \def\@captype{#1}% + \begin@float@pagebreak + \let\end@float\end@float@anchored + \let\end@dblfloat\end@float@anchored + \hsize\columnwidth + \@parboxrestore + \@floatboxreset + \minipagefootnote@init +}% +\def\end@float@anchored{% + \minipagefootnote@here + \par\vskip\z@skip + \par + \end@float@pagebreak +}% +\def\begin@float@pagebreak{\par\addvspace\intextsep}% +\def\end@float@pagebreak{\par\addvspace\intextsep}% +\def\@mpmakefntext#1{% + \parindent=1em + \noindent + \hb@xt@1em{\hss\@makefnmark}% + #1% +}% +\def\do@if@floats#1#2{% + \floats@sw{}{% + \expandafter\newwrite + \csname#1write\endcsname + \expandafter\def + \csname#1@stream\endcsname{\jobname#2}% + \expandafter\immediate + \expandafter\openout + \csname#1write\endcsname + \csname#1@stream\endcsname\relax + \@ifxundefined\@float@LaTeX{% + \let\@float@LaTeX\@float + \let\@dblfloat@LaTeX\@dblfloat + \let\@float\write@float + \let\@dblfloat\write@floats + }{}% + \let@environment{#1@float}{#1}% + \let@environment{#1@floats}{#1*}% + \@ifxundefined@cs{#1@write}{}{% + \let@environment{#1}{#1@write}% + }% + }% +}% +\def\triggerpar{\leavevmode\@@par}% +\def\oneapage{\def\begin@float@pagebreak{\newpage}\def\end@float@pagebreak{\newpage}}% +\def\print@float#1#2{% + \lengthcheck@sw{% + \total@float{#1}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined@cs{#1write}{}{% + \begingroup + \@booleanfalse\floats@sw + #2% + \raggedbottom + \def\array@default{v}% floats must + \let\@float\@float@LaTeX + \let\@dblfloat\@dblfloat@LaTeX + \let\trigger@float@par\triggerpar + \let@environment{#1}{#1@float}% + \let@environment{#1*}{#1@floats}% + \expandafter\prepdef\csname#1\endcsname{\trigger@float@par}% + \expandafter\prepdef\csname#1*\endcsname{\trigger@float@par}% + \@namedef{fps@#1}{h!}% + \expandafter\immediate + \expandafter\closeout + \csname#1write\endcsname + \everypar{% + \global\let\trigger@float@par\relax + \global\everypar{}\setbox\z@\lastbox + \@ifxundefined@cs{#1sname}{}{% + \begin@float@pagebreak + \expandafter\section + \expandafter*% + \expandafter{% + \csname#1sname\endcsname + }% + }% + }% + \input{\csname#1@stream\endcsname}% + \endgroup + \global\expandafter\let\csname#1write\endcsname\relax + }% +}% +\chardef\@xvi=16\relax +\mathchardef\@twopowerfourteen="4000 +\mathchardef\@twopowertwo="4 +\def\tally@float#1{% + \begingroup + \@tempcnta\count\@currbox + \divide\@tempcnta\@xxxii + \multiply\@tempcnta\@xxxii + \advance\count\@currbox-\@tempcnta + \divide\@tempcnta\@xxxii + \@ifnum{\count\@currbox>\@xvi}{% + \advance\count\@currbox-\@xvi\@booleantrue\@temp@sw + }{% + \@booleanfalse\@temp@sw + }% + \show@box@size@sw{% + \class@info{Float #1 + (\the\@tempcnta)[\@temp@sw{16+}{}\the\count\@currbox]^^J% + (\the\ht\@currbox+\the\dp\@currbox)X\the\wd\@currbox + }% + }{}% + \endgroup + \expandafter\let + \expandafter\@tempa + \csname fbox@\csname ftype@#1\endcsname\endcsname + \@ifnotrelax\@tempa{% + \@ifhbox\@tempa{% + \setbox\@tempboxa\vbox{\unvcopy\@currbox\hrule}% + \dimen@\ht\@tempboxa + \divide\dimen@\@twopowerfourteen + \@ifdim{\wd\@tempboxa<\textwidth}{% + \advance\dimen@\ht\@tempa + \global\ht\@tempa\dimen@ + }{% + \advance\dimen@\dp\@tempa + \global\dp\@tempa\dimen@ + }% + }{}% + }{}% +}% +\def\total@float#1{% + \expandafter\let + \expandafter\@tempa + \csname fbox@\csname ftype@#1\endcsname\endcsname + \@ifnotrelax\@tempa{% + \@ifhbox\@tempa{% + \@tempdima\the\ht\@tempa\divide\@tempdima\@twopowertwo\@tempcnta\@tempdima + \@tempdimb\the\dp\@tempa\divide\@tempdimb\@twopowertwo\@tempcntb\@tempdimb + \class@info{Total #1: Column(\the\@tempcnta pt), Page(\the\@tempcnta pt)}% + }{}% + }{}% +}% +\def\write@float#1{\write@@float{#1}{#1}}% +\def\endwrite@float{\@Esphack}% +\def\write@floats#1{\write@@float{#1*}{#1}}% +\def\endwrite@floats{\@Esphack}% +\def\write@@float#1#2{% + \ifhmode + \@bsphack + \fi + \chardef\@tempc\csname#2write\endcsname + \toks@{\begin{#1}}% + \def\@tempb{#1}% + \expandafter\let\csname end#1\endcsname\endwrite@float + \catcode`\^^M\active + \@makeother\{\@makeother\}\@makeother\% + \write@floatline +}% +\begingroup + \catcode`\[\the\catcode`\{\catcode`\]\the\catcode`\}\@makeother\{\@makeother\}% + \gdef\float@end@tag#1\end{#2}#3\@nul[% + \def\@tempa[#2]% + \@ifx[\@tempa\@tempb][\end[#2]][\write@floatline]% + ]% + \obeylines% + \gdef\write@floatline#1^^M[% + \begingroup% + \newlinechar`\^^M% + \toks@\expandafter[\the\toks@#1]\immediate\write\@tempc[\the\toks@]% + \endgroup% + \toks@[]% + \float@end@tag#1\end{}\@nul% + ]% +\endgroup +\def\@alph#1{\ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\else\@ialph{#1}\fi} +\def\@ialph#1{\ifcase#1\or \or \or \or \or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or + k\or l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or + y\or z\or aa\or bb\or cc\or dd\or ee\or ff\or gg\or hh\or ii\or jj\or + kk\or ll\or mm\or nn\or oo\or pp\or qq\or rr\or ss\or tt\or uu\or + vv\or ww\or xx\or yy\or zz\else\@ctrerr\fi} +\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{% + \@startsection@hook + \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi + \par + \@tempskipa #4\relax + \@afterindenttrue + \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ + \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse + \fi + \if@nobreak + \everypar{}% + \else + \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa + \fi + \@ifstar + {\@dblarg{\@ssect@ltx{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}% + {\@dblarg{\@sect@ltx {#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}% +}% +\def\@startsection@hook{}% +\class@info{Repairing broken LateX \string\@sect}% +\def\@sect@ltx#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{% + \@ifnum{#2>\c@secnumdepth}{% + \def\H@svsec{\phantomsection}% + \let\@svsec\@empty + }{% + \H@refstepcounter{#1}% + \def\H@svsec{% + \phantomsection + }% + \protected@edef\@svsec{{#1}}% + \@ifundefined{@#1cntformat}{% + \prepdef\@svsec\@seccntformat + }{% + \expandafter\prepdef + \expandafter\@svsec + \csname @#1cntformat\endcsname + }% + }% + \@tempskipa #5\relax + \@ifdim{\@tempskipa>\z@}{% + \begingroup + \interlinepenalty \@M + #6{% + \@ifundefined{@hangfrom@#1}{\@hang@from}{\csname @hangfrom@#1\endcsname}% + {\hskip#3\relax\H@svsec}{\@svsec}{#8}% + }% + \@@par + \endgroup + \@ifundefined{#1mark}{\@gobble}{\csname #1mark\endcsname}{#7}% + \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{% + \@ifnum{#2>\c@secnumdepth}{% + \protect\numberline{}% + }{% + \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}% + }% + #8}% + }{% + \def\@svsechd{% + #6{% + \@ifundefined{@runin@to@#1}{\@runin@to}{\csname @runin@to@#1\endcsname}% + {\hskip#3\relax\H@svsec}{\@svsec}{#8}% + }% + \@ifundefined{#1mark}{\@gobble}{\csname #1mark\endcsname}{#7}% + \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{% + \@ifnum{#2>\c@secnumdepth}{% + \protect\numberline{}% + }{% + \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}% + }% + #8}% + }% + }% + \@xsect{#5}% +}% +\def\@hang@from#1#2#3{\@hangfrom{#1#2}#3}% +\def\@runin@to #1#2#3{#1#2#3}% +\def\@ssect@ltx#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{% + \def\H@svsec{\phantomsection}% + \@tempskipa #5\relax + \@ifdim{\@tempskipa>\z@}{% + \begingroup + \interlinepenalty \@M + #6{% + \@ifundefined{@hangfroms@#1}{\@hang@froms}{\csname @hangfroms@#1\endcsname}% + {\hskip#3\relax\H@svsec}{#8}% + }% + \@@par + \endgroup + \@ifundefined{#1smark}{\@gobble}{\csname #1smark\endcsname}{#7}% + \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{\protect\numberline{}#8}% + }{% + \def\@svsechd{% + #6{% + \@ifundefined{@runin@tos@#1}{\@runin@tos}{\csname @runin@tos@#1\endcsname}% + {\hskip#3\relax\H@svsec}{#8}% + }% + \@ifundefined{#1smark}{\@gobble}{\csname #1smark\endcsname}{#7}% + \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{\protect\numberline{}#8}% + }% + }% + \@xsect{#5}% +}% +\def\@hang@froms#1#2{#1#2}% +\def\@runin@tos #1#2{#1#2}% +\def\init@hyperref{% + \providecommand\phantomsection{}% + \providecommand\hyper@makecurrent[1]{}% + \providecommand\Hy@raisedlink[1]{}% + \providecommand\hyper@anchorstart[1]{}% + \providecommand\hyper@anchorend{}% + \providecommand\hyper@linkstart[2]{}% + \providecommand\hyper@linkend{}% + \providecommand\@currentHref{}% +}% +\let\H@refstepcounter\refstepcounter +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \init@hyperref +}% +\def\sec@upcase#1{\relax{#1}}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \@ifpackageloaded{array}{\switch@array}{\switch@tabular}% + \prepdef\endtabular{\endtabular@hook}% + \@provide\endtabular@hook{}% + \prepdef\endarray{\endarray@hook}% + \@provide\endarray@hook{}% + \providecommand\array@hook{}% + \prepdef\@tabular{\tabular@hook}% + \@provide\tabular@hook{}% +}% +\def\switch@tabular{% + \let\@array@sw\@array@sw@array + \@ifx{\@array\@array@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\multicolumn\multicolumn@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@tabular\@tabular@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@tabarray\@tabarray@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\array\array@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\endarray\endarray@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\endtabular\endtabular@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@mkpream\@mkpream@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@addamp\@addamp@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@arrayacol\@arrayacol@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@tabacol\@tabacol@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@arrayclassz\@arrayclassz@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@tabclassiv\@tabclassiv@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@arrayclassiv\@arrayclassiv@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@tabclassz\@tabclassz@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@classv\@classv@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\hline\hline@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@tabularcr\@tabularcr@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@xtabularcr\@xtabularcr@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@xargarraycr\@xargarraycr@LaTeX}{% + \@ifx{\@yargarraycr\@yargarraycr@LaTeX}{% + \true@sw + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + {% + \class@info{Patching LaTeX tabular.}% + }{% + \class@info{Unrecognized LaTeX tabular. Please update this document class! (Proceeding with fingers crossed.)}% + }% + \let\@array\@array@ltx + \let\multicolumn\multicolumn@ltx + \let\@tabular\@tabular@ltx + \let\@tabarray\@tabarray@ltx + \let\array\array@ltx + \let\endarray\endarray@ltx + \let\endtabular\endtabular@ltx + \let\@mkpream\@mkpream@ltx + \let\@addamp\@addamp@ltx + \let\@arrayacol\@arrayacol@ltx + \let\@tabacol\@tabacol@ltx + \let\@arrayclassz\@arrayclassz@ltx + \let\@tabclassiv\@tabclassiv@ltx + \let\@arrayclassiv\@arrayclassiv@ltx + \let\@tabclassz\@tabclassz@ltx + \let\@classv\@classv@ltx + \let\hline\hline@ltx + \let\@tabularcr\@tabularcr@ltx + \let\@xtabularcr\@xtabularcr@ltx + \let\@xargarraycr\@xargarraycr@ltx + \let\@yargarraycr\@yargarraycr@ltx +}% +\def\switch@array{% + \@ifpackageloaded{colortbl}{\let\switch@array@info\colortbl@message}{\let\switch@array@info\array@message}% + \let\@array@sw\@array@sw@LaTeX + \@ifx{\@array\@array@array}{% + \@ifx{\@tabular\@tabular@array}{% + \@ifx{\@tabarray\@tabarray@array}{% + \@ifx{\array\array@array}{% + \@ifx{\endarray\endarray@array}{% + \@ifx{\endtabular\endtabular@array}{% + \@ifx{\@mkpream\@mkpream@array}{% + \@ifx{\@classx\@classx@array}{% + \@ifx{\insert@column\insert@column@array}{% + \@ifx{\@arraycr\@arraycr@array}{% + \@ifx{\@xarraycr\@xarraycr@array}{% + \@ifx{\@xargarraycr\@xargarraycr@array}{% + \@ifx{\@yargarraycr\@yargarraycr@array}{% + \true@sw + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }{% + \class@info{Patching array package.}% + }{% + \switch@array@info + }% + \let\@array \@array@array@new + \let\@@array \@array % Cosi fan tutti + \let\@tabular \@tabular@array@new + \let\@tabarray \@tabarray@array@new + \let\array \array@array@new + \let\endarray \endarray@array@new + \let\endtabular\endtabular@array@new + \let\@mkpream \@mkpream@array@new + \let\@classx \@classx@array@new + \let\@arrayacol\@arrayacol@ltx + \let\@tabacol \@tabacol@ltx + \let\insert@column\insert@column@array@new + \expandafter\let\csname endtabular*\endcsname\endtabular % Cosi fan tutti + \let\@arraycr \@arraycr@new + \let\@xarraycr \@xarraycr@new + \let\@xargarraycr\@xargarraycr@new + \let\@yargarraycr\@yargarraycr@new +}% +\def\array@message{% + \class@info{Unrecognized array package. Please update this document class! (Proceeding with fingers crossed.)}% +}% +\def\colortbl@message{% + \class@info{colortbl package is loaded. (Proceeding with fingers crossed.)}% +}% +\def\@array@sw@LaTeX{\@ifx{\\\@tabularcr}}% +\def\@array@sw@array{\@ifx{\d@llarbegin\begingroup}}% +\def\@tabular@LaTeX{% + \leavevmode + \hbox\bgroup$% + \let\@acol\@tabacol + \let\@classz\@tabclassz + \let\@classiv\@tabclassiv + \let\\\@tabularcr + \@tabarray +}% +\def\@tabular@ltx{% + \let\@acoll\@tabacoll + \let\@acolr\@tabacolr + \let\@acol\@tabacol + \let\@classz\@tabclassz + \let\@classiv\@tabclassiv + \let\\\@tabularcr + \@tabarray +}% +\def\@tabular@array{% + \leavevmode + \hbox\bgroup$% + \col@sep\tabcolsep + \let\d@llarbegin\begingroup + \let\d@llarend\endgroup + \@tabarray +}% +\def\@tabular@array@new{% + \let\@acoll\@tabacoll + \let\@acolr\@tabacolr + \let\@acol\@tabacol + \let\d@llarbegin\begingroup + \let\d@llarend\endgroup + \@tabarray +}% +\def\@tabarray@LaTeX{% + \m@th\@ifnextchar[\@array{\@array[c]}% +}% +\def\@tabarray@ltx{% + \m@th\@ifnextchar[\@array{\expandafter\@array\expandafter[\array@default]}% +}% +\def\@tabarray@array{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@@array}{\@@array[c]}% +}% +\def\@tabarray@array@new{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@@array}{\expandafter\@@array\expandafter[\array@default]}% +}% +\newcount\intertabularlinepenalty +\intertabularlinepenalty=100 +\newcount\@tbpen +\appdef\samepage{\intertabularlinepenalty\@M}% +\def\@tabularcr@LaTeX{{\ifnum 0=`}\fi \@ifstar \@xtabularcr \@xtabularcr}% +\def\@tabularcr@ltx{{\ifnum 0=`}\fi \@ifstar {\global \@tbpen \@M \@xtabularcr }{\global \@tbpen \intertabularlinepenalty \@xtabularcr }}% +\def\@xtabularcr@LaTeX{\@ifnextchar [\@argtabularcr {\ifnum 0=`{\fi }\cr }}% +\def\@xtabularcr@ltx{\@ifnextchar [\@argtabularcr {\ifnum 0=`{\fi }\cr \noalign {\penalty \@tbpen }}}% +\def\@xargarraycr@LaTeX#1{\@tempdima #1\advance \@tempdima \dp \@arstrutbox \vrule \@height \z@ \@depth \@tempdima \@width \z@ \cr}% +\def\@xargarraycr@ltx#1{\@tempdima #1\advance \@tempdima \dp \@arstrutbox \vrule \@height \z@ \@depth \@tempdima \@width \z@ \cr \noalign {\penalty \@tbpen }}% +\def\@yargarraycr@LaTeX#1{\cr \noalign {\vskip #1}}% +\def\@yargarraycr@ltx#1{\cr \noalign {\penalty \@tbpen \vskip #1}}% +\def\@arraycr@array{% + \relax + \iffalse{\fi\ifnum 0=`}\fi + \@ifstar \@xarraycr \@xarraycr +}% +\def\@arraycr@new{% + \relax + \iffalse{\fi\ifnum 0=`}\fi + \@ifstar {\global \@tbpen \@M \@xarraycr }{\global \@tbpen \intertabularlinepenalty \@xarraycr }% +}% +\def\@xarraycr@array{% + \@ifnextchar [%] + \@argarraycr {\ifnum 0=`{}\fi\cr}% +}% +\def\@xarraycr@new{% + \@ifnextchar [%] + \@argarraycr {\ifnum 0=`{}\fi\cr \noalign {\penalty \@tbpen }}% +}% +\def\@xargarraycr@array#1{% + \unskip + \@tempdima #1\advance\@tempdima \dp\@arstrutbox + \vrule \@depth\@tempdima \@width\z@ + \cr +}% +\def\@xargarraycr@new#1{% + \unskip + \@tempdima #1\advance\@tempdima \dp\@arstrutbox + \vrule \@depth\@tempdima \@width\z@ + \cr + \noalign {\penalty \@tbpen }% +}% +\def\@yargarraycr@array#1{% + \cr + \noalign{\vskip #1}% +}% +\def\@yargarraycr@new#1{% + \cr + \noalign{\penalty \@tbpen \vskip #1}% +}% +\def\array@LaTeX{% + \let\@acol\@arrayacol + \let\@classz\@arrayclassz + \let\@classiv\@arrayclassiv + \let\\\@arraycr + \let\@halignto\@empty + \@tabarray +}% +\def\array@ltx{% + \@ifmmode{}{\@badmath$}% + \let\@acoll\@arrayacol + \let\@acolr\@arrayacol + \let\@acol\@arrayacol + \let\@classz\@arrayclassz + \let\@classiv\@arrayclassiv + \let\\\@arraycr + \let\@halignto\@empty + \@tabarray +}% +\def\array@array{% + \col@sep\arraycolsep + \def\d@llarbegin{$}\let\d@llarend\d@llarbegin\gdef\@halignto{}% + \@tabarray +} +\def\array@array@new{% + \@ifmmode{}{\@badmath$}% + \let\@acoll\@arrayacol + \let\@acolr\@arrayacol + \let\@acol\@arrayacol + \def\d@llarbegin{$}% + \let\d@llarend\d@llarbegin + \gdef\@halignto{}% + \@tabarray +}% +\def\@array@LaTeX[#1]#2{% + \if #1t\vtop \else \if#1b\vbox \else \vcenter \fi\fi + \bgroup + \setbox\@arstrutbox\hbox{% + \vrule \@height\arraystretch\ht\strutbox + \@depth\arraystretch \dp\strutbox + \@width\z@}% + \@mkpream{#2}% + \edef\@preamble{% + \ialign \noexpand\@halignto + \bgroup \@arstrut \@preamble \tabskip\z@skip \cr}% + \let\@startpbox\@@startpbox \let\@endpbox\@@endpbox + \let\tabularnewline\\% + \let\par\@empty + \let\@sharp##% + \set@typeset@protect + \lineskip\z@skip\baselineskip\z@skip + \ifhmode \@preamerr\z@ \@@par\fi + \@preamble +}% +\def\@array@ltx[#1]#2{% + \@nameuse{@array@align@#1}% + \set@arstrutbox + \@mkpream{#2}% + \prepdef\@preamble{% + \tabskip\tabmid@skip + \@arstrut + }% + \appdef\@preamble{% + \tabskip\tabright@skip + \cr + \array@row@pre + }% + \let\tabularnewline\\% + \let\par\@empty + \let\@sharp##% + \set@typeset@protect + \lineskip\z@skip\baselineskip\z@skip + \tabskip\tableft@skip\relax + \ifhmode \@preamerr\z@ \@@par\fi + \everycr{}% + \expandafter\halign\expandafter\@halignto\expandafter\bgroup\@preamble +}% +\def\set@arstrutbox{% + \setbox\@arstrutbox\hbox{% + \vrule \@height\arraystretch\ht\strutbox + \@depth\arraystretch \dp\strutbox + \@width\z@ + }% +}% +\def\@array@array[#1]#2{% + \@tempdima \ht \strutbox + \advance \@tempdima by\extrarowheight + \setbox \@arstrutbox \hbox{\vrule + \@height \arraystretch \@tempdima + \@depth \arraystretch \dp \strutbox + \@width \z@}% + \begingroup + \@mkpream{#2}% + \xdef\@preamble{\noexpand \ialign \@halignto + \bgroup \@arstrut \@preamble + \tabskip \z@ \cr}% + \endgroup + \@arrayleft + \if #1t\vtop \else \if#1b\vbox \else \vcenter \fi \fi + \bgroup + \let \@sharp ##\let \protect \relax + \lineskip \z@ + \baselineskip \z@ + \m@th + \let\\\@arraycr \let\tabularnewline\\\let\par\@empty \@preamble +}% +\def\@array@array@new[#1]#2{% + \@tempdima\ht\strutbox + \advance\@tempdima by\extrarowheight + \setbox\@arstrutbox\hbox{% + \vrule \@height\arraystretch\@tempdima + \@depth \arraystretch\dp\strutbox + \@width \z@ + }% + \begingroup + \@mkpream{#2}% + \xdef\@preamble{\@preamble}% + \endgroup + \prepdef\@preamble{% + \tabskip\tabmid@skip + \@arstrut + }% + \appdef\@preamble{% + \tabskip\tabright@skip + \cr + \array@row@pre + }% + \@arrayleft + \@nameuse{@array@align@#1}% + \m@th + \let\\\@arraycr + \let\tabularnewline\\% + \let\par\@empty + \let\@sharp##% + \set@typeset@protect + \lineskip\z@\baselineskip\z@ + \tabskip\tableft@skip + \everycr{}% + \expandafter\halign\expandafter\@halignto\expandafter\bgroup\@preamble +}% +\def\endarray@LaTeX{% + \crcr\egroup\egroup +}% +\def\endarray@ltx{% + \crcr\array@row@pst\egroup\egroup +}% +\def\endarray@array{% + \crcr \egroup \egroup \@arrayright \gdef\@preamble{}% +}% +\def\endarray@array@new{% + \crcr\array@row@pst\egroup\egroup % Same as \endarray@ltx + \@arrayright + \global\let\@preamble\@empty +}% +\def\endtabular@LaTeX{% + \crcr\egroup\egroup $\egroup +}% +\def\endtabular@ltx{% + \endarray +}% +\def\endtabular@array{% + \endarray $\egroup +}% +\def\endtabular@array@new{% + \endarray +}% +\@namedef{endtabular*}{\endtabular}% +\long\def\multicolumn@LaTeX#1#2#3{% + \multispan{#1}\begingroup + \@mkpream{#2}% + \def\@sharp{#3}\set@typeset@protect + \let\@startpbox\@@startpbox\let\@endpbox\@@endpbox + \@arstrut \@preamble\hbox{}\endgroup\ignorespaces +}% +\long\def\multicolumn@ltx#1#2#3{% + \multispan{#1}% + \begingroup + \@mkpream{#2}% + \def\@sharp{#3}% + \set@typeset@protect + %\let\@startpbox\@@startpbox\let\@endpbox\@@endpbox + \@arstrut + \@preamble + \hbox{}% + \endgroup + \ignorespaces +}% +\def\@array@align@t{\leavevmode\vtop\bgroup}% +\def\@array@align@b{\leavevmode\vbox\bgroup}% +\def\@array@align@c{\leavevmode\@ifmmode{\vcenter\bgroup}{$\vcenter\bgroup\aftergroup$\aftergroup\relax}}% +\def\@array@align@v{% + \@ifmmode{% + \@badmath + \vcenter\bgroup + }{% + \@ifinner{% + $\vcenter\bgroup\aftergroup$ + }{% + \@@par\bgroup + }% + }% +}% +\def\array@default{c}% +\def\array@row@rst{% + \let\@array@align@v\@array@align@c +}% +\def\array@row@pre{}% +\def\array@row@pst{}% +\newcommand\toprule{\tab@rule{\column@font}{\column@fil}{\frstrut}}% +\newcommand\colrule{\unskip\lrstrut\\\tab@rule{\body@font}{}{\frstrut}}% +\newcommand\botrule{\unskip\lrstrut\\\noalign{\hline@rule}{}}% +\def\hline@LaTeX{% + \noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height \arrayrulewidth \futurelet + \reserved@a\@xhline +}% +\def\hline@ltx{% + \noalign{% + \ifnum0=`}\fi + \hline@rule + \futurelet\reserved@a\@xhline + % \noalign ended in \@xhline +}% +\def\@xhline@unneeded{% + \say\reserved@a + \ifx\reserved@a\hline + \vskip\doublerulesep + \vskip-\arrayrulewidth + \fi + \ifnum0=`{\fi}% +}% +\def\tab@rule#1#2#3{% + \crcr + \noalign{% + \hline@rule + \gdef\@arstrut@hook{% + \global\let\@arstrut@hook\@empty + #3% + }% + \gdef\cell@font{#1}% + \gdef\cell@fil{#2}% + }% +}% +\def\column@font{}% +\def\column@fil{}% +\def\body@font{}% +\def\cell@font{}% +\def\frstrut{}% +\def\lrstrut{}% +\def\@arstrut@hline{% + \relax + \@ifmmode{\copy}{\unhcopy}\@arstrutbox@hline + \@arstrut@hook +}% +\let\@arstrut@org\@arstrut +\def\@arstrut@hook{% + \global\let\@arstrut\@arstrut@org +}% +\newbox\@arstrutbox@hline +\appdef\set@arstrutbox{% + \setbox\@arstrutbox@hline\hbox{% + \setbox\z@\hbox{$0^{0}_{}$}% + \dimen@\ht\z@\advance\dimen@\@arstrut@hline@clnc + \@ifdim{\dimen@<\arraystretch\ht\strutbox}{\dimen@=\arraystretch\ht\strutbox}{}% + \vrule \@height\dimen@ + \@depth\arraystretch \dp\strutbox + \@width\z@ + }% +}% +\def\hline@rule{% + \hrule \@height \arrayrulewidth + \global\let\@arstrut\@arstrut@hline +}% +\def\@arstrut@hline@clnc{2\p@}% % Klootch: magic number +\def\tableft@skip{\z@skip}% +\def\tabmid@skip{\z@skip}%\@flushglue +\def\tabright@skip{\z@skip}% +\def\tableftsep{\tabcolsep}% +\def\tabmidsep{\tabcolsep}% +\def\tabrightsep{\tabcolsep}% +\def\cell@fil{}% +\def\pbox@hook{}% +\appdef\@arstrut{\@arstrut@hook}% +\let\@arstrut@hook\@empty +\def\@addtopreamble{\appdef\@preamble}% +\def\@mkpream@LaTeX#1{% + \@firstamptrue\@lastchclass6 + \let\@preamble\@empty + \let\protect\@unexpandable@protect + \let\@sharp\relax + \let\@startpbox\relax\let\@endpbox\relax + \@expast{#1}% + \expandafter\@tfor \expandafter + \@nextchar \expandafter:\expandafter=\reserved@a\do + {\@testpach\@nextchar + \ifcase \@chclass \@classz \or \@classi \or \@classii \or \@classiii + \or \@classiv \or\@classv \fi\@lastchclass\@chclass}% + \ifcase \@lastchclass \@acol + \or \or \@preamerr \@ne\or \@preamerr \tw@\or \or \@acol \fi +}% +\def\@mkpream@ltx#1{% + \@firstamptrue + \@lastchclass6 + \let\@preamble\@empty + \let\protect\@unexpandable@protect + \let\@sharp\relax + \@expast{#1}% + \expandafter\@tfor\expandafter\@nextchar\expandafter:\expandafter=\reserved@a + \do{% + \expandafter\@testpach\expandafter{\@nextchar}% + \ifcase\@chclass + \@classz + \or + \@classi + \or + \@classii + \or + \@classiii + \or + \@classiv + \or + \@classv + \fi + \@lastchclass\@chclass + }% + \ifcase\@lastchclass + \@acolr % right-hand column + \or + \or + \@preamerr\@ne + \or + \@preamerr\tw@ + \or + \or + \@acolr % right-hand column + \fi +}% +\def\insert@column@array{% + \the@toks \the \@tempcnta + \ignorespaces \@sharp \unskip + \the@toks \the \count@ \relax +}% +\def\insert@column@array@new{% + \the@toks\the\@tempcnta + \array@row@rst\cell@font + \ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip + \the@toks\the\count@ + \relax +}% +\def\@mkpream@relax{% + \let\tableftsep \relax + \let\tabmidsep \relax + \let\tabrightsep \relax + \let\array@row@rst\relax + \let\cell@font \relax + \let\@startpbox \relax +}% +\def\@mkpream@array#1{% + \gdef\@preamble{}\@lastchclass 4 \@firstamptrue + \let\@sharp\relax \let\@startpbox\relax \let\@endpbox\relax + \@temptokena{#1}\@tempswatrue + \@whilesw\if@tempswa\fi{\@tempswafalse\the\NC@list}% + \count@\m@ne + \let\the@toks\relax + \prepnext@tok + \expandafter \@tfor \expandafter \@nextchar + \expandafter :\expandafter =\the\@temptokena \do + {\@testpach + \ifcase \@chclass \@classz \or \@classi \or \@classii + \or \save@decl \or \or \@classv \or \@classvi + \or \@classvii \or \@classviii + \or \@classx + \or \@classx \fi + \@lastchclass\@chclass}% + \ifcase\@lastchclass + \@acol \or + \or + \@acol \or + \@preamerr \thr@@ \or + \@preamerr \tw@ \@addtopreamble\@sharp \or + \or + \else \@preamerr \@ne \fi + \def\the@toks{\the\toks}% +}% +\def\@mkpream@array@new#1{% + \gdef\@preamble{}% + \@lastchclass\f@ur + \@firstamptrue + \let\@sharp\relax + \@mkpream@relax + \@temptokena{#1}\@tempswatrue + \@whilesw\if@tempswa\fi{\@tempswafalse\the\NC@list}% + \count@\m@ne + \let\the@toks\relax + \prepnext@tok + \expandafter\@tfor\expandafter\@nextchar\expandafter:\expandafter=\the\@temptokena + \do{% + \@testpach + \ifcase\@chclass + \@classz + \or + \@classi + \or + \@classii + \or + \save@decl + \or + \or + \@classv + \or + \@classvi + \or + \@classvii + \or + \@classviii + \or + \@classx + \or + \@classx + \fi + \@lastchclass\@chclass + }% + \ifcase\@lastchclass + \@acolr % right-hand column + \or + \or + \@acolr % right-hand column + \or + \@preamerr\thr@@ + \or + \@preamerr\tw@\@addtopreamble\@sharp + \or + \or + \else + \@preamerr\@ne + \fi + \def\the@toks{\the\toks}% +}% +\appdef\@mkpream@relax{% + \let\CT@setup \relax + \let\CT@color \relax + \let\CT@do@color \relax + \let\color \relax + \let\CT@column@color\relax + \let\CT@row@color \relax + \let\CT@cell@color \relax +}% +\def\@addamp@LaTeX{% + \if@firstamp\@firstampfalse\else\edef\@preamble{\@preamble &}\fi +}% +\def\@addamp@ltx{% + \if@firstamp\@firstampfalse\else\@addtopreamble{&}\fi +}% +\def\@arrayacol@LaTeX{% + \edef\@preamble{\@preamble \hskip \arraycolsep}% +}% +\def\@arrayacol@ltx{% + \@addtopreamble{\hskip\arraycolsep}% +}% +\def\@tabacoll{% + \@addtopreamble{\hskip\tableftsep\relax}% +}% +\def\@tabacol@LaTeX{% + \edef\@preamble{\@preamble \hskip \tabcolsep}% +}% +\def\@tabacol@ltx{% + \@addtopreamble{\hskip\tabmidsep\relax}% +}% +\def\@tabacolr{% + \@addtopreamble{\hskip\tabrightsep\relax}% +}% +\def\@arrayclassz@LaTeX{% + \ifcase \@lastchclass \@acolampacol \or \@ampacol \or + \or \or \@addamp \or + \@acolampacol \or \@firstampfalse \@acol \fi + \edef\@preamble{\@preamble + \ifcase \@chnum + \hfil$\relax\@sharp$\hfil \or $\relax\@sharp$\hfil + \or \hfil$\relax\@sharp$\fi}% +}% +\def\@arrayclassz@ltx{% + \ifcase\@lastchclass + \@acolampacol + \or + \@ampacol + \or + \or + \or + \@addamp + \or + \@acolampacol + \or + \@firstampfalse\@acoll + \fi + \ifcase\@chnum + \@addtopreamble{% + \hfil\array@row@rst$\relax\@sharp$\hfil + }% + \or + \@addtopreamble{% + \array@row@rst$\relax\@sharp$\hfil + }% + \or + \@addtopreamble{% + \hfil\array@row@rst$\relax\@sharp$% + }% + \fi +}% +\def\@tabclassz@LaTeX{% + \ifcase\@lastchclass + \@acolampacol + \or + \@ampacol + \or + \or + \or + \@addamp + \or + \@acolampacol + \or + \@firstampfalse\@acol + \fi + \edef\@preamble{% + \@preamble{% + \ifcase\@chnum + \hfil\ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\hfil + \or + \hskip1sp\ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\hfil + \or + \hfil\hskip1sp\ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip + \fi}}% +}% +\def\@tabclassz@ltx{% + \ifcase\@lastchclass + \@acolampacol + \or + \@ampacol + \or + \or + \or + \@addamp + \or + \@acolampacol + \or + \@firstampfalse\@acoll + \fi + \ifcase\@chnum + \@addtopreamble{% + {\hfil\array@row@rst\cell@font\ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\hfil}% + }% + \or + \@addtopreamble{% + {\cell@fil\hskip1sp\array@row@rst\cell@font\ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\hfil}% + }% + \or + \@addtopreamble{% + {\hfil\hskip1sp\array@row@rst\cell@font\ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\cell@fil}% + }% + \fi +}% +\def\@tabclassiv@LaTeX{% + \@addtopreamble\@nextchar +}% +\def\@tabclassiv@ltx{% + \expandafter\@addtopreamble\expandafter{\@nextchar}% +}% +\def\@arrayclassiv@LaTeX{% + \@addtopreamble{$\@nextchar$}% +}% +\def\@arrayclassiv@ltx{% + \expandafter\@addtopreamble\expandafter{\expandafter$\@nextchar$}% +}% +\def\@classv@LaTeX{% + \@addtopreamble{\@startpbox{\@nextchar}\ignorespaces + \@sharp\@endpbox}% +}% +\def\@classv@ltx{% + \expandafter\@addtopreamble + \expandafter{% + \expandafter \@startpbox + \expandafter {\@nextchar}% + \pbox@hook\array@row@rst\cell@font\ignorespaces\@sharp\@endpbox + }% +}% +\def\@classx@array{% + \ifcase \@lastchclass + \@acolampacol \or + \@addamp \@acol \or + \@acolampacol \or + \or + \@acol \@firstampfalse \or + \@addamp + \fi +}% +\def\@classx@array@new{% + \ifcase \@lastchclass + \@acolampacol + \or + \@addamp \@acol + \or + \@acolampacol + \or + \or + \@firstampfalse\@acoll + \or + \@addamp + \fi +}% +\def\@xbitor@LaTeX #1{\@tempcntb \count#1 + \ifnum \@tempcnta =\z@ + \else + \divide\@tempcntb\@tempcnta + \ifodd\@tempcntb \@testtrue\fi + \fi}% +\def\@xbitor@ltx#1{% + \@tempcntb\count#1\relax + \@ifnum{\@tempcnta=\z@}{}{% + \divide\@tempcntb\@tempcnta + \@ifodd\@tempcntb{\@testtrue}{}% + }% +}% +\@ifx{\@xbitor\@xbitor@LaTeX}{% + \class@info{Repairing broken LaTeX \string\@xbitor}% +}{% + \class@info{Unrecognized LaTeX \string\@xbitor. Please update this document class! (Proceeding with fingers crossed.)}% +}% +\let\@xbitor\@xbitor@ltx +\newcommand*\@gobble@opt@one[2][]{}% +\def\@starttoc#1{% + \begingroup + \toc@pre + \makeatletter + \@input{\jobname.#1}% + \if@filesw + \expandafter\newwrite\csname tf@#1\endcsname + \immediate\openout \csname tf@#1\endcsname \jobname.#1\relax + \fi + \@nobreakfalse + \toc@post + \endgroup +}% +\def\toc@pre{}% +\def\toc@post{}% +\def\toc@@font{}% +\def\ltxu@dotsep{\z@}% +\let\tocdim@section \leftmargini +\let\tocdim@subsection \leftmarginii +\let\tocdim@subsubsection \leftmarginiii +\let\tocdim@paragraph \leftmarginiv +\let\tocdim@appendix \leftmarginv +\let\tocdim@pagenum \leftmarginvi +\def\toc@pre@auto{% + \toc@@font + \@tempdima\z@ + \toc@setindent\@tempdima{section}% + \toc@setindent\@tempdima{subsection}% + \toc@setindent\@tempdima{subsubsection}% + \toc@setindent\@tempdima{paragraph}% + \toc@letdimen{appendix}% + \toc@letdimen{pagenum}% +}% +\def\toc@post@auto{% + \if@filesw + \begingroup + \toc@writedimen{section}% + \toc@writedimen{subsection}% + \toc@writedimen{subsubsection}% + \toc@writedimen{paragraph}% + \toc@writedimen{appendix}% + \toc@writedimen{pagenum}% + \endgroup + \fi +}% +\def\toc@setindent#1#2{% + \csname tocdim@#2\endcsname\tocdim@min\relax + \@ifundefined{tocmax@#2}{\@namedef{tocmax@#2}{\z@}}{}% + \advance#1\@nameuse{tocmax@#2}\relax + \expandafter\edef\csname tocleft@#2\endcsname{\the#1}% +}% +\def\toc@letdimen#1{% + \csname tocdim@#1\endcsname\tocdim@min\relax + \@ifundefined{tocmax@#1}{\@namedef{tocmax@#1}{\z@}}{}% + \expandafter\let\csname tocleft@#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname tocmax@#1\endcsname +}% +\def\toc@writedimen#1{% + \immediate\write\@auxout{% + \gdef\expandafter\string\csname tocmax@#1\endcsname{% + \expandafter\the\csname tocdim@#1\endcsname + }% + }% +}% +\def\l@@sections#1#2#3#4{% + \begingroup + \everypar{}% + \set@tocdim@pagenum\@tempboxa{#4}% + \global\@tempdima\csname tocdim@#2\endcsname + \leftskip\csname tocleft@#2\endcsname\relax + \dimen@\csname tocleft@#1\endcsname\relax + \parindent-\leftskip\advance\parindent\dimen@ + \rightskip\tocleft@pagenum plus 1fil\relax + \skip@\parfillskip\parfillskip\z@ + \let\numberline\numberline@@sections + \@nameuse{l@f@#2}% + \ignorespaces#3\unskip\nobreak\hskip\skip@ + \hb@xt@\rightskip{\hfil\unhbox\@tempboxa}\hskip-\rightskip\hskip\z@skip + \expandafter\par + \expandafter\aftergroup\csname tocdim@#2% + \expandafter\endcsname + \expandafter\endgroup + \the\@tempdima\relax +}% +\def\set@tocdim@pagenum#1#2{% + \setbox#1\hbox{\ignorespaces#2}% + \@ifdim{\tocdim@pagenum<\wd#1}{\global\tocdim@pagenum\wd#1}{}% +}% +\def\numberline@@sections#1{% + \leavevmode\hb@xt@-\parindent{% + \hfil + \@if@empty{#1}{}{% + \setbox\z@\hbox{#1.\kern\ltxu@dotsep}% + \@ifdim{\@tempdima<\wd\z@}{\global\@tempdima\wd\z@}{}% + \unhbox\z@ + }% + }% + \ignorespaces +}% +\def\tocdim@min{\z@}% +\def\list#1#2{% + \ifnum \@listdepth >5\relax + \@toodeep + \else + \global\advance\@listdepth\@ne + \fi + \rightmargin\z@ + \listparindent\z@ + \itemindent\z@ + \csname @list\romannumeral\the\@listdepth\endcsname + \def\@itemlabel{#1}% + \let\makelabel\@mklab + \@nmbrlistfalse + #2\relax + \@trivlist + \parskip\parsep + \set@listindent + \ignorespaces +}% +\def\set@listindent@parshape{% + \parindent\listparindent + \advance\@totalleftmargin\leftmargin + \advance\linewidth-\rightmargin + \advance\linewidth-\leftmargin + \parshape\@ne\@totalleftmargin\linewidth +}% +\def\set@listindent@{% + \parindent\listparindent + \advance\@totalleftmargin\leftmargin + \advance\rightskip\rightmargin + \advance\leftskip\@totalleftmargin +}% +\let\set@listindent\set@listindent@parshape +\providecommand\href[0]{\begingroup\@sanitize@url\@href}% +\def\@href#1{\@@startlink{#1}\endgroup\@@href}% +\def\@@href#1{#1\@@endlink}% +\providecommand \url [0]{\begingroup\@sanitize@url \@url }% +\def \@url #1{\endgroup\@href {#1}{\URL@prefix#1}}% +\providecommand \URL@prefix [0]{URL }% +\providecommand\doi[0]{\begingroup\@sanitize@url\@doi}% +\def\@doi#1{\endgroup\@@startlink{\doibase#1}doi:\discretionary {}{}{}#1\@@endlink }% +\providecommand \doibase [0]{http://dx.doi.org/}% +\providecommand \@sanitize@url[0]{\chardef\cat@space\the\catcode`\ \@sanitize\catcode`\ \cat@space}% +\def\@@startlink#1{}% +\def\@@endlink{}% +\@ifxundefined \pdfoutput {\true@sw}{\@ifnum{\z@=\pdfoutput}{\true@sw}{\false@sw}}% +{% + \def\@@startlink@hypertext#1{\leavevmode\special{html:}}% + \def\@@endlink@hypertext{\special{html:}}% +}{% + \def\@@startlink@hypertext#1{% + \leavevmode + \pdfstartlink\pdfstartlink@attr + user{/Subtype/Link/A<>}% + \relax + }% + \def\@@endlink@hypertext{\pdfendlink}% + \def\pdfstartlink@attr{attr{/Border[0 0 1 ]/H/I/C[0 1 1]}}% +}% +\def\hypertext@enable@ltx{% + \let\@@startlink\@@startlink@hypertext + \let\@@endlink\@@endlink@hypertext +}% +\def\href@Hy{\hyper@normalise \href@ }% +\def\href@Hy@ltx{\@ifnextchar\bgroup\Hy@href{\hyper@normalise\href@}}% +\def\Hy@href#{\hyper@normalise\href@}% +\begingroup + \endlinechar=-1 % + \catcode`\^^A=14 % + \catcode`\^^M\active + \catcode`\%\active + \catcode`\#\active + \catcode`\_\active + \catcode`\$\active + \catcode`\&\active + \gdef\hyper@normalise@ltx{^^A + \begingroup + \catcode`\^^M\active + \def^^M{ }^^A + \catcode`\%\active + \let%\@percentchar + \let\%\@percentchar + \catcode`\#\active + \def#{\hyper@hash}^^A + \def\#{\hyper@hash}^^A + \@makeother\&^^A + \edef&{\string&}^^A + \edef\&{\string&}^^A + \edef\textunderscore{\string_}^^A + \let\_\textunderscore + \catcode`\_\active + \let_\textunderscore + \let~\hyper@tilde + \let\~\hyper@tilde + \let\textasciitilde\hyper@tilde + \let\\\@backslashchar + \edef${\string$}^^A + \Hy@safe@activestrue + \hyper@n@rmalise + }^^A + \catcode`\#=6 ^^A + \gdef\Hy@ActiveCarriageReturn@ltx{^^M}^^A + \gdef\hyper@n@rmalise@ltx#1#2{^^A + \def\Hy@tempa{#2}^^A + \ifx\Hy@tempa\Hy@ActiveCarriageReturn + \Hy@ReturnAfterElseFi{^^A + \hyper@@normalise{#1}^^A + }^^A + \else + \Hy@ReturnAfterFi{^^A + \hyper@@normalise{#1}{#2}^^A + }^^A + \fi + }^^A + \gdef\hyper@@normalise@ltx#1#2{^^A + \edef\Hy@tempa{^^A + \endgroup + \noexpand#1{\Hy@RemovePercentCr#2%^^M\@nil}^^A + }^^A + \Hy@tempa + }^^A + \gdef\Hy@RemovePercentCr@ltx#1%^^M#2\@nil{^^A + #1^^A + \ifx\limits#2\limits + \else + \Hy@ReturnAfterFi{^^A + \Hy@RemovePercentCr #2\@nil + }^^A + \fi + }^^A +\endgroup +\def\switch@hyperref@href{% + \expandafter\@ifx\expandafter{\csname href \endcsname\href@Hy}{ + \class@info{Repairing hyperref 6.75r \string\href}% + \let\hyper@normalise\hyper@normalise@ltx + \let\hyper@@normalise\hyper@@normalise@ltx + \let\hyper@n@rmalise\hyper@n@rmalise@ltx + \let\Hy@ActiveCarriageReturn\Hy@ActiveCarriageReturn@ltx + \let\Hy@RemovePercentCr\Hy@RemovePercentCr@ltx + \let\href\href@Hy@ltx + }{}% +}% +\appdef\document@inithook{\switch@hyperref@href}% +\def\typeout@org#1{% + \begingroup + \set@display@protect + \immediate\write\@unused{#1}% + \endgroup +}% +\long\def\typeout@ltx#1{% + \begingroup + \set@display@protect + \immediate\write\@unused{#1}% + \endgroup +}% +\@ifx{\typeout\typeout@org}{% + \class@info{Making \string\typeout\space \string\long}% + \let\typeout\typeout@ltx +}{}% +\typeout{% +ltxfront% + [2010/07/25/20:33:00 4.1r frontmatter package (AO,DPC)]% \fileversion +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{\frontmatter@init}% +\let\frontmatter@init\@empty +\newcommand\frontmatter@title[2][]{% + \def\@title{#2}% + \def\@shorttitle{#1}% + \let\@AF@join\@title@join +}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \def\@title{\class@warn{No title}}% + \let\@shorttitle\@empty + \let\@title@aux\@title@aux@cleared +}% +\def\@title@join{\expandafter\@title@join@\@title@aux}% +\def\@title@join@#1#2{% + \def\@title@aux{{\@join{\@separator}{#1}{#2}}}% +}% +\def\@title@aux@cleared{{}}% +\newcounter{affil}% +\newcounter{collab}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \c@affil\z@ + \c@collab\z@ +}% +\newcommand\frontmatter@author{% implicit #1 + \@author@def{}% implicit #2 +}% +\def\collaboration{% implicit #1 + \@author@def{\@booleantrue\collaboration@sw}% implicit #2 +}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \@booleanfalse\collaboration@sw +}% +\def\@author@cleared{{}{}{}}% +\def\@author@gobble#1#2#3{}% +\def\@author@init{% + \let\@author\@author@cleared + \@booleanfalse\collaboration@sw +}% +\def\@authorclear@sw{\@ifx{\@author\@author@cleared}}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \@author@init +}% +\def\@author@def#1#2{% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\typeout{\string\author\space\string\collaboration}}{}% + \move@AU\move@AF\move@AUAF + \let\@AF@join\@author@join + #1% + \def\@author{{#2}{}}% +}% +\def\@author@join@#1#2#3{% + \def\@author{{#1}{\@join{\@separator}{#2}{#3}}}% +}% +\def\@author@join{\expandafter\@author@join@\@author}% +\def\move@AU{% + \@authorclear@sw{}{% + \collaboration@sw{% + \advance\c@collab\@ne + \@argswap{\CO@grp\CO@opr}% + }{% + \@argswap{\AU@grp\AU@opr}% + }% + {% + \expandafter\@argswap@val + \expandafter{\@author}% + {\expandafter\@argswap@val\expandafter{\the\c@collab}{\add@AUCO@grp}}% + }% + }% + \@author@init +}% +\def\add@AUCO@grp#1#2#3#4{% + \appdef#3{#4{#1}#2}% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\say#3}{}% +}% +\def\@author@finish{% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\typeout{\string\@author@finish}}{}% + \move@AU\move@AF + \@ifx{\AU@grp\@empty}{% + \@ifx{\CO@grp\@empty}% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + {}{% + \@ifx{\AF@grp\@empty}{% + \begingroup + \let\href\@secondoftwo + \let\AU@opr\@secondofthree + \let\CO@opr\@secondofthree + \let\footnote\@gobble + \@ifx{\CO@grp\@empty}{% + \class@warn{Assuming \string\noaffiliation\space for authors}% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\say\AU@grp}% + }{% + \class@warn{Assuming \string\noaffiliation\space for collaboration}% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\say\CO@grp}{}% + }% + \endgroup + \@affil@none\move@AF + }{}% + }% + \move@AUAF +}% +\def\@secondofthree#1#2#3{#2}% +\def\@join#1#2#3{% + \@if@empty{#2}{#3}{#2#1#3}% +}% +\def\@separator{;\space}% +\let\surname\@firstofone +\let\firstname\@firstofone +\newcommand\frontmatter@and{\class@err{\protect\and\space is not supported}} +\def\cat@comma@active{\catcode`\,\active}% +{\cat@comma@active\gdef,{\active@comma}}% +\def\active@comma{,\penalty-300\relax}% +\newcommand\affiliation{% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\typeout{\string\affiliation}}{}% + \move@AU\move@AF + \begingroup + \cat@comma@active + \@affiliation +}% +\def\@affiliation#1{% + \endgroup + \let\@AF@join\@affil@join + \@affil@def{#1}% +}% +\newcommand\frontmatter@noaffiliation{% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\typeout{\string\noaffiliation}}{}% + \move@AU\move@AF + \@affil@none\move@AF + \move@AUAF +}% +\def\blankaffiliation{{}}% +\def\@affil@cleared{{{}}{}}% +\def\@affil@nil{{\relax}{}}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \@affil@init +}% +\def\@affil@none{% + \let\@affil\@affil@nil +}% +\def\@affil@init{% + \let\@affil\@affil@cleared +}% +\def\@affilclear@sw{\@ifx{\@affil\@affil@cleared}}% +\def\@affil@def#1{% + \def\@affil{{#1}{}}% +}% +\def\@affil@join@#1#2#3{% + \def\@affil{{#1}{\@join{\@separator}{#2}{#3}}}% +}% +\def\@affil@join{\expandafter\@affil@join@\@affil}% +\def\move@AF{% + \@affilclear@sw{}{% + \@booleanfalse\temp@sw + \let\@tempd\@empty + \@affils@sw{% + \expandafter\@affil@addr@def\expandafter\@tempa\@affil + \def\AFF@opr{\@affil@match\@tempa}% + \@AFF@list + }{}\temp@sw + {% + \expandafter\@affil@aux@def\expandafter\@tempb\@affil + \@ifx{\@tempb\@empty}{}{% + \@ifx{\@tempb\@tempd}{}{% + \class@warn{% + Ancillary information for \@tempa\space must not be different! + Please put all of it on the first instance% + }% + }% + }% + }% + {% + \@ifx{\@affil\@affil@nil}{% + \def\@tempc{0}% + \@argswap@val{0}% + }{% + \advance\c@affil\@ne + \expandafter\def\expandafter\@tempc\expandafter{\the\c@affil}% + \expandafter\@argswap@val\expandafter{\the\c@affil}% + }% + {% + \expandafter\@argswap@val\expandafter{\the\c@collab}{% + \expandafter\@argswap@val\expandafter{\@affil}{% + \add@list@val@val@val\@AFF@list\AFF@opr + }% + }% + }% + }% + \appdef@eval\AF@grp\@tempc + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\say\AF@grp}{}% + \@affil@init + }% +}% +\def\@affil@addr@def#1#2#3{% + \def#1{#2}% +}% +\def\@affil@aux@def#1#2#3{% + \def#1{#3}% +}% +\def\add@list@val@val@val#1#2#3#4#5{% + \appdef#1{#2{#5}{#4}#3}% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\say#1}{}% +}% +\def\@affil@match#1#2#3#4#5{% + \temp@sw{}{% + \def\@tempifx{#4}% + \@ifx{\@tempifx#1}{% + \groupauthors@sw{% + \@ifnum{#3=\c@collab}{% + \true@sw + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \true@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + {% + \@booleantrue\temp@sw + \def\@tempc{#2}% + \def\@tempd{#5}% + }{% + }% + }% +}% +\def\move@AUAF{% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\say\AU@grp\say\AF@grp\say\CO@grp}{}% + \@ifx{\AF@grp\@empty}{% + \@ifx{\@empty\CO@grp}{% + }{% + \appdef \@AAC@list{\AF@opr{{0}}}% + \appdef@e \@AAC@list{\CO@grp}% + \appdef@e \@AFG@list{\CO@grp}% + \let\CO@grp\@empty + }% + }{% + \appdef \@AAC@list{\AF@opr}% + \appdef@eval\@AAC@list{\AF@grp}% + \appdef@e \@AAC@list{\AU@grp}% + \@ifx{\@empty\AU@grp}{% + \@ifx{\@empty\CO@grp}% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + {% + }{% + \@booleanfalse\temp@sw + \def\AFG@opr{\x@match\AF@grp}% + \let\CO@opr\@author@gobble + \@AFG@list + \temp@sw{}{% + \appdef \@AFG@list{\AFG@opr}% + \appdef@eval\@AFG@list{\AF@grp}% + }% + \@ifx{\@empty\CO@grp}{}{% + \appdef@e \@AAC@list{\CO@grp}% + \appdef@e \@AFG@list{\CO@grp}% + \let\CO@grp\@empty + }% + }% + \let\CO@grp\@empty + \let\AU@grp\@empty + \let\AF@grp\@empty + }% + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\say\@AAC@list\say\@AFG@list}{}% +}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \let\AU@grp\@empty + \let\CO@grp\@empty + \let\AF@grp\@empty + \let\@AAC@list\@empty + \let\@AFG@list\@empty + \let\@AFF@list\@empty +}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \let\@AF@join\@AF@join@error +}% +\def\@AF@join@error#1{% + \class@warn{% + \string\email, \string\homepage, \string\thanks, or \string\altaffiliation\space + appears in wrong context. + }% +}% +\def\sanitize@url{% + \@makeother\%% + \@makeother\~% + \@makeother\_% +}% +\newcommand*\email[1][]{\begingroup\sanitize@url\@email{#1}}% +\def\@email#1#2{% + \endgroup + \@AF@join{#1\href{mailto:#2}{#2}}% +}% +\newcommand*\homepage[1][]{\begingroup\sanitize@url\@homepage{#1}}% +\def\@homepage#1#2{% + \endgroup + \@AF@join{#1\href{#2}{#2}}% +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \providecommand\href[1]{}% +}% +\def\frontmatter@thanks{% implicit #1 + \@AF@join +}% +\newcommand*\altaffiliation[2][]{% + \@AF@join{#1#2}% +}% +\def\set@listcomma@list#1{% + \expandafter\@reset@ac\expandafter#1#1{0}\@reset@ac{% + \let\@listcomma\relax + }{% + \let\@listcomma\@listcomma@comma + }% +}% +\def\set@listcomma@count#1{% + \@ifnum{#1=\tw@}{% + \let\@listcomma\relax + }{% + \let\@listcomma\@listcomma@comma + }% +}% +\def\@reset@ac#1#2#3\@reset@ac{% + \def#1{#3}% + \@tempcnta#2\relax + \@ifnum{#2=\tw@}% +}% +\def\@listand{\@ifnum{\@tempcnta=\tw@}{\andname\space}{}}% +\def\@listcomma@comma{\@ifnum{\@tempcnta>\@ne}{,}{}}% +\def\@listcomma@comma@UK{\@ifnum{\@tempcnta>\tw@}{,}{}}% +\def\@collaboration@gobble#1#2#3{}% +\def\doauthor#1#2#3{% + \ignorespaces#1\unskip\@listcomma + \begingroup + #3% + \@if@empty{#2}{\endgroup{}{}}{\endgroup{\comma@space}{}\frontmatter@footnote{#2}}% + \space \@listand +}% +\def\x@match#1#2{% + \temp@sw{}{% + \def\@tempifx{#2}% + \@ifx{\@tempifx#1}{% + \@booleantrue\temp@sw + }{% + }% + }% +}% +\def\y@match#1#2#3{% + \temp@sw{}{% + \def\@tempifx{#3}% + \@ifx{\@tempifx#1}{% + \@booleantrue\temp@sw + \def\@tempb{#2}% + }{% + }% + }% +}% +\def\frontmatter@footnote#1{% + \begingroup + \@booleanfalse\temp@sw + \def\@tempa{#1}% + \let\@tempb\@empty + \def\@TBN@opr{\y@match\@tempa}% + \@FMN@list + \temp@sw{% + \expandafter\frontmatter@footnotemark + \expandafter{\@tempb}% + }{% + \stepcounter\@mpfn + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\frontmatter@foot@mark + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter{% + \expandafter \the\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname + }{#1}% + }% + \endgroup +}% +\def\frontmatter@foot@mark#1#2{% + \frontmatter@footnotemark{#1}% + \g@addto@macro\@FMN@list{\@TBN@opr{#1}{#2}}% +}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \global\let\@FMN@list\@empty +}% +\def\frontmatter@footnotemark#1{% + \leavevmode + \ifhmode\edef\@x@sf{\the\spacefactor}\nobreak\fi + \begingroup + \hyper@linkstart {link}{frontmatter.#1}% + \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname#1\relax + \def\@thefnmark{\frontmatter@thefootnote}% + \@makefnmark + \hyper@linkend + \endgroup + \ifhmode\spacefactor\@x@sf\fi + \relax +}% +\def\keywords#1{% + \aftermaketitle@chk{\keywords}% + \gdef\@keywords{#1}% +}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \let\@keywords\@empty +}% +\newcommand*\frontmatter@date[2][\Dated@name]{\def\@date{#1#2}}% +\def\@date{}% +\newcommand*\received[2][\Received@name]{\def\@received{#1#2}}% +\def\@received{}% +\newcommand*\revised[2][\Revised@name]{\def\@revised{#1#2}}% +\def\@revised{}% +\newcommand*\accepted[2][\Accepted@name]{\def\@accepted{#1#2}}% +\def\@accepted{}% +\newcommand*\published[2][\Published@name]{\def\@published{#1#2}}% +\def\@published{}% +\def\pacs#1{% + \aftermaketitle@chk{\pacs}% + \gdef\@pacs{#1}% +}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \let\@pacs\@empty +}% +\def\preprint#1{\gappdef\@preprint{\preprint{#1}}}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \let\@preprint\@empty +}% +\newbox\absbox +\def\toclevel@abstract{1}% +\def\addcontents@abstract{% + \phantomsection + \expandafter\def\csname Parent0\endcsname{section*.2}% + \expandafter\@argswap@val\expandafter{\abstractname}{\addcontentsline{toc}{abstract}}% +}% +\newenvironment{frontmatter@abstract}{% + \aftermaketitle@chk{\begin{abstract}}% + \global\setbox\absbox\vbox\bgroup + \color@begingroup + \columnwidth\textwidth + \hsize\columnwidth + \@parboxrestore + \def\@mpfn{mpfootnote}\def\thempfn{\thempfootnote}\c@mpfootnote\z@ + \let\@footnotetext\frontmatter@footnotetext + \minipagefootnote@init + \let\set@listindent\set@listindent@ + \let\@listdepth\@mplistdepth \@mplistdepth\z@ + \let@environment{description}{frontmatter@description}% + \@minipagerestore + \@setminipage + \frontmatter@abstractheading + \frontmatter@abstractfont + \let\footnote\mini@note + \expandafter\everypar\expandafter{\the\everypar\addcontents@abstract\everypar{}}% +}{% + \par + \unskip + \minipagefootnote@here + \@minipagefalse %% added 24 May 89 + \color@endgroup + \egroup +}% +\long\def\frontmatter@footnotetext#1{% + \minipagefootnote@pick + \set@footnotefont + \set@footnotewidth + \@parboxrestore + \protected@edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@\@mpfn\endcsname\@thefnmark}% + \color@begingroup + \frontmatter@makefntext{% + \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox\vadjust{\vskip\z@skip}% + }% + \color@endgroup + \minipagefootnote@drop +}% +\def\ltx@no@footnote{% + \let\ltx@xfootnote\ltx@no@xfootnote\let\ltx@yfootnote\ltx@no@yfootnote + \let\ltx@xfootmark\ltx@no@xfootmark\let\ltx@yfootmark\ltx@no@yfootmark + \let\ltx@xfoottext\ltx@no@xfoottext\let\ltx@yfoottext\ltx@no@yfoottext +}% +\def\ltx@no@xfootnote[#1]#2{\ltx@no@footwarn\footnote}% +\def\ltx@no@yfootnote#1{\ltx@no@footwarn\footnote}% +\def\ltx@no@xfootmark[#1]{\ltx@no@footwarn\footnotemark}% +\def\ltx@no@yfootmark{\ltx@no@footwarn\footnotemark}% +\def\ltx@no@xfoottext[#1]#2{\ltx@no@footwarn\footnotetext}% +\def\ltx@no@yfoottext#1{\ltx@no@footwarn\footnotetext}% +\def\ltx@no@footwarn#1{% + \class@warn{% + The \string#1\space command is not legal on the title page; + using \string\thanks\space instead might suit you: consult the manual for details% + }% +}% +\def\frontmatter@abstractheading{% + \begingroup + \centering\large + \abstractname + \par + \endgroup +}% +\def\frontmatter@abstractfont{}% +\newenvironment{frontmatter@description}{% + \list{}{% + \leftmargin\z@ + \labelwidth\z@ + \itemindent\z@ + \let\makelabel\frontmatter@descriptionlabel + }% +}{% + \endlist +}% +\def\frontmatter@descriptionlabel#1{% + \hspace\labelsep + \normalfont\bfseries + #1:% +}% +\def\frontmatter@abstractwidth{\textwidth} +\def\frontmatter@abstract@produce{% + \par + \preprintsty@sw{% + \do@output@MVL{% + \vskip\frontmatter@preabstractspace + \vskip200\p@\@plus1fil + \penalty-200\relax + \vskip-200\p@\@plus-1fil + }% + }{% + \addvspace{\frontmatter@preabstractspace}% + }% + \begingroup + \dimen@\baselineskip + \setbox\z@\vtop{\unvcopy\absbox}% + \advance\dimen@-\ht\z@\advance\dimen@-\prevdepth + \@ifdim{\dimen@>\z@}{\vskip\dimen@}{}% + \endgroup + \begingroup + \prep@absbox + \unvbox\absbox + \post@absbox + \endgroup + \@ifx{\@empty\mini@notes}{}{\mini@notes\par}% + \addvspace\frontmatter@postabstractspace +}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{\let\mini@notes\@empty}% +\let\prep@absbox\@empty +\let\post@absbox\@empty +\def\frontmatter@preabstractspace{.5\baselineskip} +\def\frontmatter@postabstractspace{.5\baselineskip} +\newenvironment{frontmatter@titlepage}{% + \twocolumn@sw{\onecolumngrid}{\newpage}% + \thispagestyle{titlepage}% + \setcounter{page}\@ne +}{% + \twocolumn@sw{\twocolumngrid}{\newpage}% + \twoside@sw{}{% + \setcounter{page}\@ne + }% +}% +\def\frontmatter@maketitle{% + \@author@finish + \title@column\titleblock@produce + \suppressfloats[t]% + \let\and\relax + \let\affiliation\@gobble + \let\author\@gobble + \let\@AAC@list\@empty + \let\@AFF@list\@empty + \let\@AFG@list\@empty + \let\@AF@join\@AF@join@error + \let\email\@gobble + \let\@address\@empty + \let\maketitle\relax + \let\thanks\@gobble + \let\abstract\@undefined\let\endabstract\@undefined + \titlepage@sw{% + \vfil + \clearpage + }{}% +}% +\def\maketitle@Hy{% + \let\Hy@saved@footnotemark\@footnotemark + \let\Hy@saved@footnotetext\@footnotetext + \let\@footnotemark\H@@footnotemark + \let\@footnotetext\H@@footnotetext + \@ifnextchar[%] + \Hy@maketitle@optarg + {% + \HyOrg@maketitle + \Hy@maketitle@end + }% +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \@ifx{\maketitle\maketitle@Hy}{% + \class@info{Taking \string\maketitle\space back from hyperref}% + \let\maketitle\frontmatter@maketitle + }{% + }% +}% +\def\titleblock@produce{% + \begingroup + \ltx@footnote@pop + \def\@mpfn{mpfootnote}% + \def\thempfn{\thempfootnote}% + \c@mpfootnote\z@ + \let\@makefnmark\frontmatter@makefnmark + \frontmatter@setup + \thispagestyle{titlepage}\label{FirstPage}% + \frontmatter@title@produce + \groupauthors@sw{% + \frontmatter@author@produce@group + }{% + \frontmatter@author@produce@script + }% + \frontmatter@RRAPformat{% + \expandafter\produce@RRAP\expandafter{\@date}% + \expandafter\produce@RRAP\expandafter{\@received}% + \expandafter\produce@RRAP\expandafter{\@revised}% + \expandafter\produce@RRAP\expandafter{\@accepted}% + \expandafter\produce@RRAP\expandafter{\@published}% + }% + \frontmatter@abstract@produce + \@ifx@empty\@pacs{}{% + \@pacs@produce\@pacs + }% + \@ifx@empty\@keywords{}{% + \@keywords@produce\@keywords + }% + \par + \frontmatter@finalspace + \endgroup +}% +\def\toclevel@title{0}% +\def\frontmatter@title@produce{% + \begingroup + \frontmatter@title@above + \frontmatter@title@format + \@title + \unskip + \phantomsection\expandafter\@argswap@val\expandafter{\@title}{\addcontentsline{toc}{title}}% + \@ifx{\@title@aux\@title@aux@cleared}{}{% + \expandafter\frontmatter@footnote\expandafter{\@title@aux}% + }% + \par + \frontmatter@title@below + \endgroup +}% +\appdef\let@mark{\let\\\relax}% +\def\frontmatter@title@above{}% +\def\frontmatter@title@format{}% +\def\frontmatter@title@below{\addvspace{\baselineskip}}% +\def\frontmatter@author@produce@script{% + \begingroup + \let\@author@present\@author@present@script + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\typeout{\string\frontmatter@author@produce@script:}\say\@AAC@list\say\@AFF@list\say\@AFG@list}{}% + \let\AU@temp\@empty + \@tempcnta\z@ + \let\AF@opr \@gobble + \def\AU@opr{\@author@count\@tempcnta}% + \def\CO@opr{\@collaboration@count\AU@temp\@tempcnta}% + \@AAC@list + \expandafter\CO@opr\@author@cleared + \begingroup + \frontmatter@authorformat + \let\AF@opr \@affilID@def + \let\AU@opr \@author@present + \def\CO@opr{\@collaboration@present\AU@temp}% + \set@listcomma@list\AU@temp + \@AAC@list + \unskip\unskip + \par + \endgroup + \begingroup + \frontmatter@above@affiliation@script + \let\AFF@opr \@affil@script + \@AFF@list + \frontmatter@footnote@produce + \par + \endgroup + \endgroup +}% +\def\@author@count#1{% + \advance#1\@ne + \@author@gobble +}% +\def\@collaboration@present#1#2#3#4{% + \par + \begingroup + \frontmatter@collaboration@above + \@affilID@def{}% + \@tempcnta\z@ + \@author@present{}{(\ignorespaces#3\unskip)}{#4}% + \par + \endgroup + \set@listcomma@list#1% +}% +\def\frontmatter@collaboration@above{}% +\def\@collaboration@count#1#2{% + \appdef@eval#1{\the#2}#2\z@ + \@author@gobble +}% +\def\@affilID@def{\def\@affilID@temp}% +\let\@affilID@temp\@empty +\def\affil@script#1#2#3{% + \def\@tempifx{#1}\@ifx{\@tempifx\@tempa}{% + \@if@empty{#2}{}{% + \par + \begingroup + \def\@thefnmark{#1}\@makefnmark\ignorespaces + #2% + \@if@empty{#3}{}{\frontmatter@footnote{#3}}% + \par + \endgroup + }% + }{}% +}% +\def\@affil@script#1#2#3#4{% + \@ifnum{#1=\z@}{}{% + \par + \begingroup + \frontmatter@affiliationfont + \@ifnum{\c@affil<\affil@cutoff}{}{% + \def\@thefnmark{#1}\@makefnmark + }% + \ignorespaces#3% + \@if@empty{#4}{}{\frontmatter@footnote{#4}}% + \par + \endgroup + }% +}% +\let\affil@cutoff\@ne +\def\@author@present@script#1#2#3{% + \begingroup + \gdef\comma@space{\textsuperscript{,\,}}% + \doauthor{#2}{#3}{\@affil@present@script}% + \endgroup + \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne +}% +\def\@affilcomma#1#2{% + \@ifx{\z@#1}{% + \@ifx{\relax#2}{}{% + \@affilcomma{#2}% + }% + }{% + #1% + \@ifx{\relax#2}{}{% + \@ifx{\z@#2}{% + \@affilcomma + }{% + ,\,\@affilcomma{#2}% + }% + }% + }% +}% +\def\@affil@present@script{% + \let\@tempa\@empty + \expandafter\@affil@present@script@\@affilID@temp\relax +}% +\def\@affil@present@script@#1{% + \@ifx{\relax#1}{% + \@ifx{\@tempa\@empty}{% + \aftergroup\false@sw + }{% + \textsuperscript{\expandafter\@affilcomma\@tempa\relax\relax}% + \aftergroup\true@sw + }% + }{% + \@ifnum{#1=\z@}{}{\appdef\@tempa{{#1}}}% + \@affil@present@script@ + }% +}% +\@provide\@author@parskip{\z@skip}% +\def\frontmatter@author@produce@group{% + \begingroup + \let\@author@present\@author@present@group + \frontmatter@authorformat + \frontmatterverbose@sw{\typeout{\string\frontmatter@author@produce@group:}\say\@AAC@list\say\@AFF@list\say\@AFG@list}{}% + \let\AU@temp\@empty + \set@listcomma@list\AU@temp + \def\CO@opr{\@collaboration@present\AU@temp}% + \let\AFG@opr \affils@present@group + \let\@listcomma\relax + \@AFG@list + \frontmatter@footnote@produce + \par + \endgroup + \frontmatter@authorbelow +}% +\@provide\frontmatter@authorbelow{}% +\def\affils@present@group#1{% + \begingroup + \def\AF@temp{#1}% + \@tempcnta\z@ + \let\AU@opr \@undefined + \let\CO@opr \@undefined + \def\AF@opr{\@affilID@count\AF@temp\@tempcnta}% + \@AAC@list + \@ifnum{\@tempcnta=\z@}{}{% + \begingroup + \frontmatter@above@affilgroup + \set@listcomma@count\@tempcnta + \let\AU@opr \@undefined + \let\CO@opr \@undefined + \def\AF@opr{\@affilID@match\AF@temp}% + \@AAC@list + \endgroup + \begingroup + \par + \frontmatter@above@affiliation + \frontmatter@affiliationfont + \let\\\frontmatter@addressnewline + \@tempcnta\z@ + \@tfor\AF@temp:=#1\do{% + \expandafter\@ifx\expandafter{\expandafter\z@\AF@temp}{}{% + \advance\@tempcnta\@ne + }% + }% + \@ifnum{\@tempcnta=\tw@}{% + \let\@listcomma\relax + }{}% + \def@after@address + \runinaddress@sw{% + }{% + \tightenlines@sw{}{% + \parskip\z@ + }% + \appdef\after@address\par + }% + \let\AFF@opr \@affil@group + \do@affil@fromgroup\@AFF@list#1\relax + \endgroup + }% + \par + \endgroup +}% +\def\def@after@address{\def\after@address{\@listcomma\ \@listand}}% +\def\def@after@address@empty{\let\after@address\@empty}% +\def\@affilID@count#1#2#3{% + \def\@tempifx{#3}% + \@ifx{\@tempifx#1}{% + \def\AU@opr{\@author@count#2}% + }{% + \let\AU@opr \@author@gobble + }% + \let\CO@opr \@collaboration@gobble +}% +\def\@affilID@match#1#2{% + \def\@tempifx{#2}% + \@ifx{\@tempifx#1}{% + \let\AU@opr \@author@present + }{% + \let\AU@opr \@author@gobble + }% + \let\CO@opr \@collaboration@gobble +}% +\def\do@affil@fromgroup#1#2{% + \@ifx{\relax#2}{}{% + \count@#2\relax + \@ifnum{\z@=\count@}{}{#1}% + \do@affil@fromgroup#1% + }% +}% +\def\@affil@group#1#2#3#4{% + \@ifnum{#1=\count@}{% + \def\@tempa{#3}% + \@ifx{\@tempa\blankaffiliation}{}{% + #3% + \@if@empty{#4}{}{% + \frontmatter@footnote{#4}% + }% + \after@address + }% + \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne + }{}% +}% +\def\@author@present@group#1#2#3{% + \gdef\comma@space{\gdef\comma@space{\textsuperscript{,\,}}}% + \doauthor{#2}{#3}{\@affil@present@group}% + \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne +}% +\def\@affil@present@group{% + \aftergroup\false@sw +}% +\def\@pacs@produce#1{% + \showPACS@sw{% + \begingroup + \frontmatter@PACS@format + \@pacs@name#1\par + \endgroup + }{% + \@if@empty{#1}{}{% + \class@warn{\PACS@warn}% + }% + }% +}% +\def\PACS@warn{If you want your PACS to appear in your output, use document class option showpacs}% +\def\@keywords@produce#1{% + \showKEYS@sw{% + \begingroup + \frontmatter@keys@format + \@keys@name#1\par + \endgroup + }{% + \@if@empty{#1}{}{% + \class@warn{If you want your keywords to appear in your output, use document class option showkeys}% + }% + }% +}% +\def\frontmatter@footnote@produce@footnote{% + \let\@TBN@opr\present@FM@footnote + \@FMN@list + \global\let\@FMN@list\@empty +}% +\def\present@FM@footnote#1#2{% + \begingroup + \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname#1\relax + \def\@thefnmark{\frontmatter@thefootnote}% + \frontmatter@footnotetext{#2}% + \endgroup +}% +\def\frontmatter@footnote@produce@endnote{% +}% +\appdef\frontmatter@init{% + \@ifxundefined\title@column {\let\title@column\@empty}{}% + \@ifxundefined\preprintsty@sw {\@booleanfalse\preprintsty@sw}{}% + \@ifxundefined\frontmatter@footnote@produce{\let\frontmatter@footnote@produce\frontmatter@footnote@produce@footnote}{}% + \@ifxundefined\do@output@MVL {\let\do@output@MVL\@firstofone}{}% + \@ifxundefined\comma@space {\let\comma@space\@empty}{}% +}% +\def\frontmatter@thefootnote{% + \altaffilletter@sw{\@alph}{\@fnsymbol}{\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname}% +}% +\@ifx{\altaffilletter@sw\@undefined}{\@booleantrue\altaffilletter@sw}{}% +\def\frontmatter@makefnmark{% + \@textsuperscript{% + \normalfont\@thefnmark + }% +}% +\long\def\frontmatter@makefntext#1{% + \parindent 1em + \noindent + \Hy@raisedlink{\hyper@anchorstart{frontmatter.\expandafter\the\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname}\hyper@anchorend}% + \@makefnmark + #1% +}% +\def\frontmatter@setup{}% +\def\frontmatter@RRAPformat#1{% + \removelastskip + \begingroup + \frontmatter@RRAP@format + #1\par + \endgroup +}% +\def\punct@RRAP{; }% +\def\produce@RRAP#1{% + \@if@empty{#1}{}{% + \@ifvmode{\leavevmode}{\unskip\punct@RRAP\ignorespaces}% + #1% + }% +}% +\def\frontmatter@authorformat{}% +\def\frontmatter@above@affilgroup{}% +\def\frontmatter@above@affiliation{}% +\def\frontmatter@above@affiliation@script{}% +\def\frontmatter@affiliationfont{\itshape\selectfont}% +\def\frontmatter@RRAP@format{}% +\def\frontmatter@PACS@format{}% +\def\frontmatter@keys@format{}% +\def\frontmatter@finalspace{\addvspace{18\p@}} +\def\frontmatter@addressnewline{% + \@ifhmode{\skip@\lastskip\unskip\unpenalty\break\hskip\skip@}{}% + % was: \vskip-.5ex +}% +\def\frontmatter@preabstractspace{5.5\p@} +\def\frontmatter@postabstractspace{6.5\p@} +\def\aftermaketitle@chk#1{% + \@ifx{\maketitle\relax}{% + \class@err{\protect#1 must be used before \protect\maketitle}% + }{}% +}% +\def\ps@titlepage{\ps@empty}% +\def\volumeyear#1{\gdef\@volumeyear{#1}}% +\def\@volumeyear{}% +\def\volumenumber#1{\gdef\@volumenumber{#1}}% +\def\@volumenumber{}% +\def\issuenumber#1{\gdef\@issuenumber{#1}}% +\def\@issuenumber{}% +\def\eid#1{\gdef\@eid{#1}}% +\def\@eid{}% +\def\startpage#1{\gdef\@startpage{#1}\c@page#1\relax}% +\def\@startpage{\pageref{FirstPage}}% +\def\endpage#1{\gdef\@endpage{#1}}% +\def\@endpage{\pageref{LastPage}}% +\def\print@toc#1{% + \begingroup + \expandafter\section + \expandafter*% + \expandafter{% + \csname#1name\endcsname + }% + \let\appendix\appendix@toc + \@starttoc{#1}% + \endgroup +}% +\def\appendix@toc{}% +\def\Dated@name{Dated }% +\def\Received@name{Received }% +\def\Revised@name{Revised }% +\def\Accepted@name{Accepted }% +\def\Published@name{Published }% +\appdef\robustify@contents{% + \let\thanks\@gobble\let\class@warn\@gobble + \def\begin{\string\begin}\def\end{\string\end}% +}% +\@ifxundefined\frontmatter@syntax@sw{\@booleantrue\frontmatter@syntax@sw}{}% +\frontmatter@syntax@sw{% + \let\title \frontmatter@title + \let\author \frontmatter@author + \let\date \frontmatter@date + \@ifxundefined\@maketitle{% + \let\maketitle \frontmatter@maketitle + \@booleantrue \titlepage@sw + }{% + \let\@maketitle \frontmatter@maketitle + \prepdef\maketitle\@author@finish + }% + \let\noaffiliation \frontmatter@noaffiliation + \let\thanks@latex \thanks + \let\thanks \frontmatter@thanks + \let\and@latex \and + \let\and \frontmatter@and + \let@environment{titlepage}{frontmatter@titlepage}% + \let@environment{abstract}{frontmatter@abstract}% +}{% + \let\noaffiliation\@empty +}% +\typeout{% +ltxgrid% + [2010/07/25/20:33:00 4.1r page grid package (portions licensed from W. E. Baxter web at superscript.com)]% \fileversion +}% +\newcounter{linecount} +\def\loop@line#1#2{% + \par + \hb@xt@\hsize{% + \global\advance#1\@ne + \edef\@tempa{\@ifnum{100>#1}{0}{}\@ifnum{10>#1}{0}{}\number#1}% + \@tempa\edef\@tempa{\special{line:\@tempa}}\@tempa + \vrule depth2.5\p@#2\leaders\hrule\hfil + }% +}% +\def\lineloop#1{% + \loopwhile{\loop@line\c@linecount{}\@ifnum{#1>\c@linecount}}% +}% +\def\linefoot#1{% + \loop@line\c@linecount{% + \footnote{% + #1\special{foot:#1}\vrule depth2.5\p@\leaders\hrule\hfill + }% + }% +}% +\let\@@mark\mark +\let\@@topmark\topmark +\let\@@firstmark\firstmark +\let\@@botmark\botmark +\let\@@splitfirstmark\splitfirstmark +\let\@@splitbotmark\splitbotmark +\def\@themark{{}{}{}{}}% +\def\nul@mark{{}{}{}{}\@@nul}% +\def\set@mark@netw@#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{\gdef#1{{#6}{#7}{#4}{#5}}\do@mark}% +\def\set@marktw@#1#2#3#4#5#6{\gdef#1{{#2}{#6}{#4}{#5}}\do@mark}% +\def\set@markthr@@#1#2#3#4#5#6{\gdef#1{{#2}{#3}{#6}{#5}}\do@mark}% +\def\get@mark@@ne#1#2#3#4#5\@@nul{#1}% +\def\get@mark@tw@#1#2#3#4#5\@@nul{#2}% +\def\get@mark@thr@@#1#2#3#4#5\@@nul{#3}% +\def\get@mark@f@ur#1#2#3#4#5\@@nul{#4}% +\def\mark@netw@{\expandafter\set@mark@netw@\expandafter\@themark\@themark}% +\def\marktw@{\expandafter\set@marktw@\expandafter\@themark\@themark}% +\def\markthr@@{\expandafter\set@markthr@@\expandafter\@themark\@themark}% +\def\do@mark{\do@@mark\@themark\nobreak@mark}% +\def\do@@mark#1{% + \begingroup + \let@mark + \@@mark{#1}% + \endgroup +}% +\def\let@mark{% + \let\protect\@unexpandable@protect + \let\label\relax + \let\index\relax + \let\glossary\relax +}% +\def\nobreak@mark{% + \@if@sw\if@nobreak\fi{\@ifvmode{\nobreak}{}}{}% +}% +\def\mark@envir{\markthr@@}% +\def\bot@envir{% + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\get@mark@thr@@ + \expandafter\@@botmark + \nul@mark +}% +\def\markboth{\mark@netw@}% +\def\markright{\marktw@}% +\def\leftmark{% + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\get@mark@@ne + \expandafter\saved@@botmark + \nul@mark +}% +\def\rightmark{% + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\get@mark@tw@ + \expandafter\saved@@firstmark + \nul@mark +}% +\let\primitive@output\output +\long\def\@tempa#1\@@nil{#1}% + \toks@ +\expandafter\expandafter +\expandafter{% +\expandafter \@tempa + \the\primitive@output + \@@nil + }% +\newtoks\output@latex +\output@latex\expandafter{\the\toks@}% +\let\output\output@latex +\primitive@output{\dispatch@output}% +\def\dispatch@output{% + \let\par\@@par + \expandafter\let\expandafter\output@procedure\csname output@\the\outputpenalty\endcsname + \@ifnotrelax\output@procedure{}{% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\output@procedure\expandafter{\the\output@latex}% + }% + \expandafter\@ifx\expandafter{\csname output@-\the\execute@message@pen\endcsname\output@procedure}{% + \let\output@procedure\@message@saved + }{}% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\dispatch@output}\say\output@procedure\saythe\holdinginserts}{}% + \outputdebug@sw{\output@debug}{}% + \output@procedure +}% +\def\set@output@procedure#1#2{% + \count@\outputpenalty\advance\count@-#2% + \expandafter\let\expandafter#1\csname output@\the\count@\endcsname +}% +\def\output@debug{% + \def\@tempa{\save@message}% + \@ifx{\output@procedure\@tempa}{% + \true@sw + }{% + \@ifnum{\outputpenalty=-\save@column@insert@pen}{% + \@ifnum{\holdinginserts>\z@}% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }% + {}{\output@debug@}% +}% +\def\output@debug@{% + \saythe\outputpenalty + \saythe\interlinepenalty + \saythe\brokenpenalty + \saythe\clubpenalty + \saythe\widowpenalty + \saythe\displaywidowpenalty + \saythe\predisplaypenalty + \saythe\interdisplaylinepenalty + \saythe\postdisplaypenalty + \saythe\badness + \say\thepagegrid + \saythe\pagegrid@col + \saythe\pagegrid@cur + \saythe\insertpenalties + \say\@@botmark + \saythe\pagegoal + \saythe\pagetotal + \saythe{\badness\@cclv}% + \say\@toplist + \say\@botlist + \say\@dbltoplist + \say\@deferlist + \trace@scroll{% + \showbox\@cclv + \showbox\@cclv@saved + \showbox\pagesofar + \showbox\csname col@1\endcsname + \showbox\footsofar + \showbox\footins + \showbox\footins@saved + \showlists + }% +}% +\@ifxundefined{\outputdebug@sw}{% + \@booleanfalse\outputdebug@sw +}{}% +\def\trace@scroll#1{\begingroup\showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen\scrollmode#1\endgroup}% +\def\trace@box#1{\trace@scroll{\showbox#1}}% +\prepdef\@outputpage{\@outputpage@head}% +\let\@outputpage@head\@empty +\appdef\@outputpage{\@outputpage@tail}% +\let\@outputpage@tail\@empty +\def\show@box@size#1#2{% + \show@box@size@sw{% + \begingroup + \setbox\z@\vbox{\unvcopy#2\hrule}% + \class@info{Show box size: #1^^J% + (\the\ht\z@\space X \the\wd\z@) + \the\c@page\space\space\the\pagegrid@cur\space\the\pagegrid@col + }% + \endgroup + }{}% +}% +\def\show@text@box@size{% + \show@box@size{Text column}\@outputbox + \tally@box@size@sw{% + \@ifdim{\wd\@outputbox>\z@}{% + \dimen@\ht\@outputbox\divide\dimen@\@twopowerfourteen + \advance\dimen@-\dp\csname box@size@\the\pagegrid@col\endcsname + \@ifdim{\dimen@>\z@}{% + \advance\dimen@ \ht\csname box@size@\the\pagegrid@col\endcsname + \global\ht\csname box@size@\the\pagegrid@col\endcsname\dimen@ + \show@box@size@sw{% + \class@info{Column: \the\dimen@}% + }{}% + }{}% + }{}% + \global\dp\csname box@size@\the\pagegrid@col\endcsname\z@ + }{}% +}% +\def\show@pagesofar@size{% + \show@box@size{Page so far}\pagesofar + \dimen@\ht\pagesofar\divide\dimen@\@twopowerfourteen + \global\dp\csname box@size@1\endcsname\dimen@ + \show@box@size@sw{% + \class@info{Pagesofar: \the\dimen@}% + }{}% +}% +\@booleanfalse\tally@box@size@sw +\@booleanfalse\show@box@size@sw +\expandafter\newbox\csname box@size@1\endcsname +\expandafter\setbox\csname box@size@1\endcsname\hbox{}% +\expandafter\newbox\csname box@size@2\endcsname +\expandafter\setbox\csname box@size@2\endcsname\hbox{}% +\def\total@text{% + \@tempdima\the\ht\csname box@size@2\endcsname\divide\@tempdima\@twopowertwo\@tempcnta\@tempdima + \@tempdimb\the\ht\csname box@size@1\endcsname\divide\@tempdimb\@twopowertwo\@tempcntb\@tempdimb + \class@info{Total text: Column(\the\@tempcnta pt), Page(\the\@tempcntb pt)}% +}% +\def\natural@output{\toggle@insert{\output@holding}{\output@moving}}% +\output@latex{\natural@output}% +\def\output@holding{% + \csname output@init@\bot@envir\endcsname + \@if@exceed@pagegoal{\unvcopy\@cclv}{% + \setbox\z@\vbox{\unvcopy\@cclv}% + \outputdebug@sw{\trace@box\z@}{}% + \dimen@\ht\@cclv\advance\dimen@-\ht\z@ + \dead@cycle@repair\dimen@ + }{% + \dead@cycle + }% +}% +\def\@if@exceed@pagegoal#1{% + \begingroup + \setbox\z@\vbox{#1}% + \dimen@\ht\z@\advance\dimen@\dp\z@ + \outputdebug@sw{\saythe\dimen@}{}% + \@ifdim{\dimen@>\pagegoal}{% + \setbox\z@\vbox{\@@mark{}\unvbox\z@}% + \splittopskip\topskip + \splitmaxdepth\maxdepth + \vbadness\@M + \vfuzz\maxdimen + \setbox\tw@\vsplit\z@ to\pagegoal + \outputdebug@sw{\trace@scroll{\showbox\tw@\showbox\z@}}{}% + \setbox\tw@\vbox{\unvbox\tw@}% + \@ifdim{\ht\tw@=\z@}{% + \ltxgrid@info{Found overly large chunk while preparing to move insertions. Attempting repairs}% + \aftergroup\true@sw + }{% + \aftergroup\false@sw + }% + }{% + \aftergroup\false@sw + }% + \endgroup +}% +\def\output@moving{% + \set@top@firstmark + \@ifnum{\outputpenalty=\do@newpage@pen}{% + \setbox\@cclv\vbox{% + \unvbox\@cclv + \remove@lastbox + \@ifdim{\ht\z@=\ht\@protection@box}{\box\lastbox}{\unskip}% + }% + }{}% + \@cclv@nontrivial@sw{% + \expandafter\output@do@prep\csname output@prep@\bot@envir \endcsname + \@makecolumn\true@sw + \expandafter\output@column@do\csname output@column@\thepagegrid\endcsname + \protect@penalty\do@startcolumn@pen + \clearpage@sw{% + \protect@penalty\do@endpage@pen + }{}% + \expandafter\let\expandafter\output@post@\csname output@post@\bot@envir \endcsname + \outputdebug@sw{\say\output@post@}{}% + \@ifx{\output@post@\relax}{\output@post@document}{\output@post@}% + }{% + \void@cclv + }% + \set@colht + \global\@mparbottom\z@ + \global\@textfloatsheight\z@ +}% +\def\output@do@prep#1{% + \outputdebug@sw{\class@info{Prep: \string#1}}{}% + \@ifx{#1\relax}{\output@prep@document}{#1}% +}% +\def\output@column@do#1{% + \outputdebug@sw{\class@info{Output column: \string#1}}{}% + \@ifx{#1\relax}{\output@column@one}{#1}% +}% +\def\void@cclv{\begingroup\setbox\z@\box\@cclv\endgroup}% +\def\remove@lastbox{\setbox\z@\lastbox}% +\def\@cclv@nontrivial@sw{% + \@ifx@empty\@toplist{% + \@ifx@empty\@botlist{% + \@ifvoid\footins{% + \@ifvoid\@cclv{% + \false@sw + }{% + \setbox\z@\vbox{\unvcopy\@cclv}% + \@ifdim{\ht\z@=\topskip}{% + \setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup + \unvbox\z@ + \remove@lastbox + \dimen@\lastskip\unskip + \@ifdim{\ht\z@=\ht\@protection@box}{% + \advance\dimen@\ht\z@ + \@ifdim{\dimen@=\topskip}{% + \aftergroup\true@sw + }{% + \aftergroup\false@sw + }% + }{% + \aftergroup\false@sw + }% + \egroup + {% + \false@sw + }{% + \true@sw + }% + }{% + \@ifdim{\ht\z@=\z@}{% + \ltxgrid@info{Found trivial column. Discarding it}% + \outputdebug@sw{\trace@box\@cclv}{}% + \false@sw + }{% + \true@sw + }% + }% + }% + }{% + \true@sw + }% + }{% + \true@sw + }% + }{% + \true@sw + }% +}% +\def\protect@penalty#1{\protection@box\penalty-#1\relax}% +\newbox\@protection@box +\setbox\@protection@box\vbox to1986sp{\vfil}% +\def\protection@box{\nointerlineskip\copy\@protection@box}% +\def\dead@cycle@repair#1{% + \expandafter\do@@mark + \expandafter{% + \@@botmark + }% + \unvbox\@cclv + \nointerlineskip + \vbox to#1{\vss}% + \@ifnum{\outputpenalty<\@M}{\penalty\outputpenalty}{}% +}% +\def\dead@cycle@repair@protected#1{% + \expandafter\do@@mark + \expandafter{% + \@@botmark + }% + \begingroup + \unvbox\@cclv + \remove@lastbox + \nointerlineskip + \advance#1-\ht\@protection@box + \vbox to#1{\vss}% + \protection@box % Reinsert protection box + \@ifnum{\outputpenalty<\@M}{\penalty\outputpenalty}{}% + \endgroup +}% +\def\dead@cycle{% + \expandafter\do@@mark + \expandafter{% + \@@botmark + }% + \unvbox\@cclv + \@ifnum{\outputpenalty<\@M}{\penalty\outputpenalty}{}% +}% +\def\output@init@document{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\output@init@document}}{}% + \global\vsize\vsize +}% +\def\output@prep@document{% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\class@info{\string\output@prep@document}\trace@scroll{\showbox\footins\showbox\footsofar}}{}% + \@ifvoid\footsofar{% + }{% + \global\setbox\footins\vbox\bgroup + \unvbox\footsofar + \@ifvoid\footins{}{% + \marry@baselines + \unvbox\footins + }% + \egroup + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@box\footins}{}% + }% +}% +\def\output@post@document{}% +\let\@opcol\@undefined +\def\@makecolumn#1{% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\class@info{\string\@makecolumn\string#1}}{}% + \setbox\@outputbox\vbox\bgroup + \boxmaxdepth\@maxdepth + \@tempdima\dp\@cclv + \unvbox\@cclv + \vskip-\@tempdima + \egroup + \xdef\@freelist{\@freelist\@midlist}\global\let\@midlist\@empty + \show@text@box@size + \@combinefloats + #1{% + \@combineinserts\@outputbox\footins + }{% + \combine@foot@inserts\footsofar\footins + }% + \set@adj@colht\dimen@ + \count@\vbadness + \vbadness\@M + \setbox\@outputbox\vbox to\dimen@\bgroup + \@texttop + \dimen@\dp\@outputbox + \unvbox\@outputbox + \vskip-\dimen@ + \@textbottom + \egroup + \vbadness\count@ + \global\maxdepth\@maxdepth +}% +\let\@makespecialcolbox\@undefined +\def\@combineinserts#1#2{% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\class@info{\string\@combineinserts\string#1\string#2}\trace@box#2}{}% + \setbox#1\vbox\bgroup + \unvbox#1% + \@ifvoid{#2}{}{% + \dimen@\ht#2\advance\dimen@\dp#2\advance\dimen@\skip#2% + \show@box@size{Combining inserts}#2% + \vskip\skip#2% + \setbox\z@\vbox{\footnoterule}\dimen@i\ht\z@ + \color@begingroup + \normalcolor + \cleaders\box\z@\vskip\dimen@i\kern-\dimen@i + \csname combine@insert@\the\pagegrid@col\endcsname#2% + \color@endgroup + \kern-\dimen@\kern\dimen@ + }% + \egroup + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@box#1}{}% +}% +\def\combine@insert@tw@#1{% + \compose@footnotes@two#1\@ifvbox{#1}{\unvbox}{\box}#1% +}% +\def\combine@insert@@ne#1{% + \compose@footnotes@one#1\@ifvbox{#1}{\unvbox}{\box}#1% +}% +\def\twocolumn@grid@setup{% + \expandafter\let\csname combine@insert@1\endcsname\combine@insert@tw@ + \expandafter\let\csname combine@insert@2\endcsname\combine@insert@@ne +}% +\def\onecolumn@grid@setup{% + \expandafter\let\csname combine@insert@1\endcsname\combine@insert@@ne + \expandafter\let\csname combine@insert@2\endcsname\combine@insert@@ne +}% +\let\columngrid@setup\onecolumn@grid@setup +\columngrid@setup +\appdef\@floatplacement{% + \global\@fpmin\@fpmin +}% +\mathchardef\pagebreak@pen=\@M +\expandafter\let\csname output@-\the\pagebreak@pen\endcsname\relax +\mathchardef\do@startcolumn@pen=10005 +\@namedef{output@-\the\do@startcolumn@pen}{\do@startcolumn}% +\def\do@startcolumn{% + \setbox\@cclv\vbox{\unvbox\@cclv\remove@lastbox\unskip}% + \clearpage@sw{\@clearfloatplacement}{\@floatplacement}% + \set@colht + \@booleanfalse\pfloat@avail@sw + \begingroup + \@colht\@colroom + \@booleanfalse\float@avail@sw + \@tryfcolumn\test@colfloat + \float@avail@sw{\aftergroup\@booleantrue\aftergroup\pfloat@avail@sw}{}% + \endgroup + \fcolmade@sw{% + \setbox\@cclv\vbox{\unvbox\@outputbox\unvbox\@cclv}% + \outputpenalty-\pagebreak@pen + \dead@cycle + }{% + \begingroup + \let\@elt\@scolelt + \let\reserved@b\@deferlist\global\let\@deferlist\@empty\reserved@b + \endgroup + \clearpage@sw{% + \outputpenalty\@M + }{% + \outputpenalty\do@newpage@pen + }% + \dead@cycle + }% + \check@deferlist@stuck\do@startcolumn + \set@vsize +}% +\def\@scolelt#1{\def\@currbox{#1}\@addtonextcol}% +\def\test@colfloat#1{% + \csname @floatselect@sw@\thepagegrid\endcsname#1{}{\@testtrue}% + \@if@sw\if@test\fi{}{\aftergroup\@booleantrue\aftergroup\float@avail@sw}% +}% +\def\@addtonextcol{% + \begingroup + \@insertfalse + \@setfloattypecounts + \csname @floatselect@sw@\thepagegrid\endcsname\@currbox{% + \@ifnum{\@fpstype=8 }{}{% + \@ifnum{\@fpstype=24 }{}{% + \@flsettextmin + \@reqcolroom \ht\@currbox + \advance \@reqcolroom \@textmin + \advance \@reqcolroom \vsize % take into account split insertions + \advance \@reqcolroom -\pagegoal + \@ifdim{\@colroom>\@reqcolroom}{% + \@flsetnum \@colnum + \@ifnum{\@colnum>\z@}{% + \@bitor\@currtype\@deferlist + \@if@sw\if@test\fi{}{% + \@addtotoporbot + }% + }{}% + }{}% + }% + }% + }{}% + \@if@sw\if@insert\fi{}{% + \@cons\@deferlist\@currbox + }% + \endgroup +}% +\mathchardef\do@startpage@pen=10006 +\@namedef{output@-\the\do@startpage@pen}{\do@startpage}% +\def\do@startpage{% + \setbox\@cclv\vbox{\unvbox\@cclv\remove@lastbox\unskip}% + \clearpage@sw{\@clearfloatplacement}{\@dblfloatplacement}% + \set@colht + \@booleanfalse\pfloat@avail@sw + \begingroup + \@booleanfalse\float@avail@sw + \@tryfcolumn\test@dblfloat + \float@avail@sw{\aftergroup\@booleantrue\aftergroup\pfloat@avail@sw}{}% + \endgroup + \fcolmade@sw{% + \global\setbox\pagesofar\vbox{\unvbox\pagesofar\unvbox\@outputbox}% + \@output@combined@page + }{% + \begingroup + \@booleanfalse\float@avail@sw + \let\@elt\@sdblcolelt + \let\reserved@b\@deferlist\global\let\@deferlist\@empty\reserved@b + \endgroup + \@ifdim{\@colht=\textheight}{% No luck... + \pfloat@avail@sw{% ...but a float *was* available! + \forcefloats@sw{% + \ltxgrid@warn{Forced dequeueing of floats stalled}% + }{% + \ltxgrid@warn{Dequeueing of floats stalled}% + }% + }{}% + }{}% + \outputpenalty\@M + \dead@cycle + }% + \check@deferlist@stuck\do@startpage + \set@colht +}% +\def\@output@combined@page{% + \@combinepage\true@sw + \@combinedblfloats + \@outputpage + \global\pagegrid@cur\@ne + \protect@penalty\do@startpage@pen +}% +\def\@sdblcolelt#1{\def\@currbox{#1}\@addtodblcol}% +\def\test@dblfloat#1{% + \@if@notdblfloat{#1}{\@testtrue}{}% + \@if@sw\if@test\fi{}{\aftergroup\@booleantrue\aftergroup\float@avail@sw}% +}% +\def\@if@notdblfloat#1{\@ifdim{\wd#1<\textwidth}}% +\@booleanfalse\forcefloats@sw +\def\@addtodblcol{% + \begingroup + \@if@notdblfloat{\@currbox}{% + \false@sw + }{% + \@setfloattypecounts + \@getfpsbit \tw@ + \@bitor \@currtype \@deferlist + \@if@sw\if@test\fi{% + \false@sw + }{% + \@ifodd\@tempcnta{% + \aftergroup\@booleantrue\aftergroup\float@avail@sw + \@flsetnum \@dbltopnum + \@ifnum{\@dbltopnum>\z@}{% + \@ifdim{\@dbltoproom>\ht\@currbox}{% + \true@sw + }{% + \@ifnum{\@fpstype<\sixt@@n}{% + \begingroup + \advance \@dbltoproom \@textmin + \@ifdim{\@dbltoproom>\ht\@currbox}{% + \endgroup\true@sw + }{% + \endgroup\false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }% + }% + {% + \@tempdima -\ht\@currbox + \advance\@tempdima + -\@ifx{\@dbltoplist\@empty}{\dbltextfloatsep}{\dblfloatsep}% + \global \advance \@dbltoproom \@tempdima + \global \advance \@colht \@tempdima + \global \advance \@dbltopnum \m@ne + \@cons \@dbltoplist \@currbox + }{% + \@cons \@deferlist \@currbox + }% + \endgroup +}% +\def\@tryfcolumn#1{% + \global\@booleanfalse\fcolmade@sw + \@ifx@empty\@deferlist{}{% + \global\let\@trylist\@deferlist + \global\let\@failedlist\@empty + \begingroup + \dimen@\vsize\advance\dimen@-\pagegoal\@ifdim{\dimen@>\z@}{% + \advance\@fpmin-\dimen@ + }{}% + \def\@elt{\@xtryfc#1}\@trylist + \endgroup + \fcolmade@sw{% + \global\setbox\@outputbox\vbox{\vskip \@fptop}% + \let \@elt \@wtryfc \@flsucceed + \global\setbox\@outputbox\vbox{\unvbox\@outputbox + \unskip \vskip \@fpbot + }% + \let \@elt \relax + \xdef\@deferlist{\@failedlist\@flfail}% + \xdef\@freelist{\@freelist\@flsucceed}% + }{}% + }% +}% +\def\@wtryfc #1{% + \global\setbox\@outputbox\vbox{\unvbox\@outputbox + \box #1\vskip\@fpsep + }% +}% +\def\@xtryfc#1#2{% + \@next\reserved@a\@trylist{}{}% trim \@trylist. Ugly! + \@currtype \count #2% + \divide\@currtype\@xxxii\multiply\@currtype\@xxxii + \@bitor \@currtype \@failedlist + \@testfp #2% + #1#2% + \@ifdim{\ht #2>\@colht }{\@testtrue}{}% + \@if@sw\if@test\fi{% + \@cons\@failedlist #2% + }{% + \begingroup + \gdef\@flsucceed{\@elt #2}% + \global\let\@flfail\@empty + \@tempdima\ht #2% + \def \@elt {\@ztryfc#1}\@trylist + \@ifdim{\@tempdima >\@fpmin}{% + \global\@booleantrue\fcolmade@sw + }{% + \@cons\@failedlist #2% + }% + \endgroup + \fcolmade@sw{% + \let \@elt \@gobble + }{}% + }% +}% +\def\@ztryfc #1#2{% + \@tempcnta \count#2% + \divide\@tempcnta\@xxxii\multiply\@tempcnta\@xxxii + \@bitor \@tempcnta {\@failedlist \@flfail}% + \@testfp #2% + #1#2% + \@tempdimb\@tempdima + \advance\@tempdimb \ht#2\advance\@tempdimb\@fpsep + \@ifdim{\@tempdimb >\@colht}{% + \@testtrue + }{}% + \@if@sw\if@test\fi{% + \@cons\@flfail #2% + }{% + \@cons\@flsucceed #2% + \@tempdima\@tempdimb + }% +}% +\def\newpage@prep{% + \if@noskipsec + \ifx \@nodocument\relax + \leavevmode + \global \@noskipsecfalse + \fi + \fi + \if@inlabel + \leavevmode + \global \@inlabelfalse + \fi + \if@nobreak \@nobreakfalse \everypar{}\fi + \par +}% +\def \newpage {% + \newpage@prep + \do@output@MVL{% + \vfil + \penalty-\pagebreak@pen + }% +}% +\def\clearpage{% + \newpage@prep + \do@output@MVL{% + \vfil + \penalty-\pagebreak@pen + \global\@booleantrue\clearpage@sw + \protect@penalty\do@startcolumn@pen + \protect@penalty\do@endpage@pen + }% + \do@output@MVL{% + \global\@booleanfalse\clearpage@sw + }% +}% +\def\cleardoublepage{% + \clearpage + \@if@sw\if@twoside\fi{% + \@ifodd\c@page{}{% + \null\clearpage + }% + }{}% +}% +\@booleanfalse\clearpage@sw +\mathchardef\do@endpage@pen=10007 +\@namedef{output@-\the\do@endpage@pen}{\csname end@column@\thepagegrid\endcsname}% +\mathchardef\do@newpage@pen=10001 +\expandafter\let\csname output@-\the\do@newpage@pen\endcsname\relax +\def\@clearfloatplacement{% + \global\@topnum \maxdimen + \global\@toproom \maxdimen + \global\@botnum \maxdimen + \global\@botroom \maxdimen + \global\@colnum \maxdimen + \global\@dbltopnum \maxdimen + \global\@dbltoproom \maxdimen + \global\@textmin \z@ + \global\@fpmin \z@ + \let\@testfp\@gobble + \appdef\@setfloattypecounts{\@fpstype16\advance\@fpstype\m@ne}% +}% +\let\@doclearpage\@undefined +\let\@makefcolumn\@undefined +\let\@makecol\@undefined +\def\clr@top@firstmark{% + \global\let\saved@@topmark\@undefined + \global\let\saved@@firstmark\@empty + \global\let\saved@@botmark\@empty +}% +\clr@top@firstmark +\def\set@top@firstmark{% + \@ifxundefined\saved@@topmark{\expandafter\gdef\expandafter\saved@@topmark\expandafter{\@@topmark}}{}% + \@if@empty\saved@@firstmark{\expandafter\gdef\expandafter\saved@@firstmark\expandafter{\@@firstmark}}{}% + \@if@empty\@@botmark{}{\expandafter\gdef\expandafter\saved@@botmark\expandafter{\@@botmark}}% +}% +\appdef\@outputpage@tail{% + \clr@top@firstmark +}% +\def\@float#1{% + \@ifnextchar[{% + \@yfloat\width@float{#1}% + }{% + \@ifxundefined@cs{fps@#1}{}{\expandafter\let\expandafter\fps@\csname fps@#1\endcsname}% + \expandafter\@argswap\expandafter{\expandafter[\fps@]}{\@yfloat\width@float{#1}}% + }% +}% +\def\@dblfloat#1{% + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@col=\@ne}{% + \@float{#1}% + }{% + \@ifnextchar[{% + \@yfloat\widthd@float{#1}% + }{% + \@ifxundefined@cs{fpsd@#1}{}{\expandafter\let\expandafter\fpsd@\csname fpsd@#1\endcsname}% + \expandafter\@argswap\expandafter{\expandafter[\fpsd@]}{\@yfloat\widthd@float{#1}}% + }% + }% +}% +\def\@yfloat#1#2[#3]{% + \@xfloat{#2}[#3]% + \hsize#1\linewidth\hsize + \let\set@footnotewidth\@empty + \minipagefootnote@init +}% +\def\fps@{tbp}% +\def\fpsd@{tp}% +\def\width@float{\columnwidth}% +\def\widthd@float{\textwidth}% +\def\end@float{% + \end@@float{% + \check@currbox@count + }% +}% +\def\end@dblfloat{% + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@col=\@ne}{% + \end@float + }{% + \end@@float{% + \@iffpsbit\@ne{\global\advance\count\@currbox\m@ne}{}% + \@iffpsbit\f@ur{\global\advance\count\@currbox-4\relax}{}% + \global\wd\@currbox\textwidth % Klootch + \check@currbox@count + }% + }% +}% +\def\end@@float#1{% + \minipagefootnote@here + \@endfloatbox + #1% + \@ifnum{\@floatpenalty <\z@}{% + \@largefloatcheck + \@cons\@currlist\@currbox + \@ifnum{\@floatpenalty <-\@Mii}{% + \do@output@cclv{\@add@float}% + }{% + \vadjust{\do@output@cclv{\@add@float}}% + \@Esphack + }% + }{}% +}% +\newcommand\float@end@float{% + \@endfloatbox + \global\setbox\@currbox\float@makebox\columnwidth + \let\@endfloatbox\relax + \end@float +}% +\newcommand\float@end@ltx{% + \end@@float{% + \global\setbox\@currbox\float@makebox\columnwidth + \check@currbox@count + }% +}% +\newcommand\newfloat@float[3]{% + \@namedef{ext@#1}{#3} %! + \let\float@do=\relax + \xdef\@tempa{\noexpand\float@exts{\the\float@exts \float@do{#3}}}% + \@tempa + \floatplacement{#1}{#2}% + \@ifundefined{fname@#1}{\floatname{#1}{#1}}{} %! + \expandafter\edef\csname ftype@#1\endcsname{\value{float@type}}% + \addtocounter{float@type}{\value{float@type}} %! + \restylefloat{#1}% + \expandafter\edef\csname fnum@#1\endcsname{% + \expandafter\noexpand\csname fname@#1\endcsname{} %! + \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#1\endcsname + } + \@ifnextchar[%] + {% + \float@newx{#1}% + }{% + \@ifundefined{c@#1}{\newcounter{#1}\@namedef{the#1}{\arabic{#1}}}{}% + }% +}% +\newcommand\newfloat@ltx[3]{% + \@namedef{ext@#1}{#3}% + \let\float@do=\relax + \xdef\@tempa{\noexpand\float@exts{\the\float@exts \float@do{#3}}}% + \@tempa + \floatplacement{#1}{#2}% + \@ifundefined{fname@#1}{\floatname{#1}{#1}}{}% + \expandafter\edef\csname ftype@#1\expandafter\endcsname\expandafter{\the\c@float@type}% + \addtocounter{float@type}{\value{float@type}}% + \restylefloat{#1}% + \expandafter\edef\csname fnum@#1\endcsname{% + \expandafter\noexpand\csname fname@#1\endcsname{}% + \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#1\endcsname + } + \@ifnextchar[%] + {% + \float@newx{#1}% + }{% + \@ifundefined{c@#1}{\newcounter{#1}\@namedef{the#1}{\arabic{#1}}}{}% + }% +}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \@ifxundefined\newfloat{}{% + \@ifx{\float@end\float@end@float}{% + \@ifx{\newfloat\newfloat@float}{\true@sw}{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + {% + \class@warn{Repair the float package}% + \let\float@end\float@end@ltx + \let\newfloat\newfloat@ltx + }{% + \class@warn{Failed to patch the float package}% + }% + }% +}% +\def\@iffpsbit#1{% + \begingroup + \@tempcnta\count\@currbox + \divide\@tempcnta#1\relax + \@ifodd\@tempcnta{\aftergroup\true@sw}{\aftergroup\false@sw}% + \endgroup +}% +\def\check@currbox@count{% + \@ifnum{\count\@currbox>\z@}{% + \count@\count\@currbox\divide\count@\sixt@@n\multiply\count@\sixt@@n + \@tempcnta\count\@currbox\advance\@tempcnta-\count@ + \@ifnum{\@tempcnta=\z@}{% + \ltxgrid@warn{Float cannot be placed}% + }{}% + \expandafter\tally@float\expandafter{\@captype}% + }{% + }% +}% +\providecommand\minipagefootnote@init{}% +\providecommand\minipagefootnote@here{}% +\providecommand\tally@float[1]{}% +\let\@specialoutput\@undefined +\def\@add@float{% + \@pageht\ht\@cclv\@pagedp\dp\@cclv + \unvbox\@cclv + \@next\@currbox\@currlist{% + \csname @floatselect@sw@\thepagegrid\endcsname\@currbox{% + \@ifnum{\count\@currbox>\z@}{% + \advance \@pageht \@pagedp + \advance \@pageht \vsize \advance \@pageht -\pagegoal + \@addtocurcol + }{% + \@addmarginpar + }% + }{% + \@resethfps + \@cons\@deferlist\@currbox + }% + }{\@latexbug}% + \@ifnum{\outputpenalty<\z@}{% + \@if@sw\if@nobreak\fi{% + \nobreak + }{% + \addpenalty \interlinepenalty + }% + }{}% + \set@vsize +}% +\let\@reinserts\@undefined +\def \@addtocurcol {% + \@insertfalse + \@setfloattypecounts + \ifnum \@fpstype=8 + \else + \ifnum \@fpstype=24 + \else + \@flsettextmin + \advance \@textmin \@textfloatsheight + \@reqcolroom \@pageht + \ifdim \@textmin>\@reqcolroom + \@reqcolroom \@textmin + \fi + \advance \@reqcolroom \ht\@currbox + \ifdim \@colroom>\@reqcolroom + \@flsetnum \@colnum + \ifnum \@colnum>\z@ + \@bitor\@currtype\@deferlist + \if@test + \else + \@bitor\@currtype\@botlist + \if@test + \@addtobot + \else + \ifodd \count\@currbox + \advance \@reqcolroom \intextsep + \ifdim \@colroom>\@reqcolroom + \global \advance \@colnum \m@ne + \global \advance \@textfloatsheight \ht\@currbox + \global \advance \@textfloatsheight 2\intextsep + \@cons \@midlist \@currbox + \if@nobreak + \nobreak + \@nobreakfalse + \everypar{}% + \else + \addpenalty \interlinepenalty + \fi + \vskip \intextsep + \unvbox\@currbox %AO + \penalty\interlinepenalty + \vskip\intextsep + \ifnum\outputpenalty <-\@Mii \vskip -\parskip\fi + \outputpenalty \z@ + \@inserttrue + \fi + \fi + \if@insert + \else + \@addtotoporbot + \fi + \fi + \fi + \fi + \fi + \fi + \fi + \if@insert + \else + \@resethfps + \@cons\@deferlist\@currbox + \fi +}% +\@twocolumnfalse +\let\@twocolumntrue\@twocolumnfalse +\def\@addmarginpar{% + \@next\@marbox\@currlist{% + \@cons\@freelist\@marbox\@cons\@freelist\@currbox + }\@latexbug + \setbox\@marbox\hb@xt@\columnwidth{% + \csname @addmarginpar@\thepagegrid\endcsname{% + \hskip-\marginparsep\hskip-\marginparwidth + \box\@currbox + }{% + \hskip\columnwidth\hskip\marginparsep + \box\@marbox + }% + \hss + }% + \setbox\z@\box\@currbox + \@tempdima\@mparbottom + \advance\@tempdima -\@pageht + \advance\@tempdima\ht\@marbox + \@ifdim{\@tempdima >\z@}{% + \@latex@warning@no@line {Marginpar on page \thepage\space moved}% + }{% + \@tempdima\z@ + }% + \global\@mparbottom\@pageht + \global\advance\@mparbottom\@tempdima + \global\advance\@mparbottom\dp\@marbox + \global\advance\@mparbottom\marginparpush + \advance\@tempdima -\ht\@marbox + \global\setbox \@marbox + \vbox {\vskip \@tempdima + \box \@marbox}% + \global \ht\@marbox \z@ + \global \dp\@marbox \z@ + \kern -\@pagedp + \nointerlineskip + \box\@marbox + \nointerlineskip + \hbox{\vrule \@height\z@ \@width\z@ \@depth\@pagedp}% +}% +\newenvironment{turnpage}{% + \def\width@float{\textheight}% + \def\widthd@float{\textheight}% + \appdef\@endfloatbox{% + \@ifxundefined\@currbox{% + \ltxgrid@warn{Cannot rotate! Not a float}% + }{% + \setbox\@currbox\vbox to\textwidth{\vfil\unvbox\@currbox\vfil}% + \global\setbox\@currbox\vbox{\rotatebox{90}{\box\@currbox}}% + }% + }% +}{% +}% +\def\rotatebox@dummy#1#2{% + \ltxgrid@warn{You must load the graphics or graphicx package in order to use the turnpage environment}% + #2% +}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \@ifxundefined\rotatebox{\let\rotatebox\rotatebox@dummy}{}% +}% +\@namedef{output@-1073741824}{% + \deadcycles\z@ + \void@cclv +}% +\mathchardef\save@column@pen=10016 +\@namedef{output@-\the\save@column@pen}{\save@column}% +\let \@cclv@saved \@holdpg +\let \@holdpg \@undefined +\def\save@column{% + \@ifvoid\@cclv@saved{% + \set@top@firstmark + \global\@topmark@saved\expandafter{\@@topmark}% + }{}% + \global\setbox\@cclv@saved\vbox{% + \@ifvoid\@cclv@saved{}{% + \unvbox\@cclv@saved + \marry@baselines + }% + \unvbox\@cclv + \lose@breaks + \remove@lastbox + }% +}% +\newtoks\@topmark@saved +\def\prep@cclv{% + \void@cclv + \setbox\@cclv\box\@cclv@saved + \vbadness\@M +}% +\mathchardef\save@column@insert@pen=10017 +\@namedef{output@-\the\save@column@insert@pen}{\toggle@insert{\savecolumn@holding}{\savecolumn@moving}}% +\def\savecolumn@holding{% + \@if@exceed@pagegoal{\unvcopy\@cclv\remove@lastbox}{% + \setbox\z@\vbox{\unvcopy\@cclv\remove@lastbox}% + \outputdebug@sw{\trace@box\z@}{}% + \dimen@\ht\@cclv\advance\dimen@-\ht\z@ + \dead@cycle@repair@protected\dimen@ + }{% + \dead@cycle + }% +}% +\def\savecolumn@moving{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\savecolumn@moving}}{}% + \@cclv@nontrivial@sw{% + \save@column + }{% + \void@cclv + }% + \@ifvoid\footins{}{% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\class@info{\string\savecolumn@moving}\trace@scroll{\showbox\footins@saved\showbox\footins}}{}% + \@ifvoid\footins@saved{% + \global\setbox\footins@saved\box\footins + }{% + \global\setbox\footins@saved\vbox\bgroup + \unvbox\footins@saved + \marry@baselines + \unvbox\footins + \egroup + }% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@box\footins@saved}{}% + \protect@penalty\save@column@insert@pen + }% +}% +\newbox\footins@saved +\newbox\footins@recovered +\newbox\column@recovered +\mathchardef\save@message@pen=10018 +\@namedef{output@-\the\save@message@pen}{\save@message}% +\def\save@message{% + \void@cclv + \toks@\expandafter{\@@firstmark}% + \expandafter\gdef\expandafter\@message@saved\expandafter{\the\toks@}% + \expandafter\do@@mark\expandafter{\the\@topmark@saved}% +}% +\gdef\@message@saved{}% +\mathchardef\execute@message@pen=10019 +\@namedef{output@-\the\execute@message@pen}{\@message@saved}% +\def\execute@message{% + \@execute@message\save@column@pen +}% +\def\execute@message@insert#1{% + \@execute@message\save@column@insert@pen{% + \setbox \footins \box \footins@saved + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\class@info{\string\execute@message@insert}\trace@box\footins}{}% + #1% + }% +}% +\long\def\@execute@message#1#2{% + \begingroup + \dimen@\prevdepth\@ifdim{\dimen@<\z@}{\dimen@\z@}{}% + \setbox\z@\vbox{% + \protect@penalty#1% + \protection@box + \toks@{\prep@cclv#2}% + \@@mark{\the\toks@}% + \penalty-\save@message@pen + \setbox\z@\null\dp\z@\dimen@\ht\z@-\dimen@ + \nointerlineskip\box\z@ + \penalty-\execute@message@pen + }\unvbox\z@ + \endgroup +}% +\def\do@output@cclv{\execute@message}% +\def\do@output@MVL#1{% + \@ifvmode{% + \begingroup\execute@message{\unvbox\@cclv#1}\endgroup + }{% + \@ifhmode{% + \vadjust{\execute@message{\unvbox\@cclv#1}}% + }{% + \@latexerr{\string\do@output@MVL\space cannot be executed in this mode!}\@eha + }% + }% +}% +\def\lose@breaks{% + \loopwhile{% + \count@\lastpenalty + \@ifnum{\count@=\@M}{% + \unpenalty\true@sw + }{% + \false@sw + }% + }% +}% +\def\removestuff{\do@output@MVL{\unskip\unpenalty}}% +\def\removephantombox{% + \vadjust{% + \execute@message{% + \unvbox\@cclv + \remove@lastbox + \unskip + \unskip + \unpenalty + \penalty\predisplaypenalty + \vskip\abovedisplayskip + }% + }% +}% +\def\addstuff#1#2{\edef\@tempa{\noexpand\do@output@MVL{\noexpand\@addstuff{#1}{#2}}}\@tempa}% +\def\@addstuff#1#2{% + \skip@\lastskip\unskip + \count@\lastpenalty\unpenalty + \@if@empty{#1}{}{\penalty#1\relax}% + \@ifnum{\count@=\z@}{}{\penalty\count@}% + \vskip\skip@ + \@if@empty{#2}{}{\vskip#2\relax}% +}% +\def\replacestuff#1#2{\edef\@tempa{\noexpand\do@output@MVL{\noexpand\@replacestuff{#1}{#2}}}\@tempa}% +\def\@replacestuff#1#2{% + \skip@\lastskip\unskip + \count@\lastpenalty\unpenalty + \@if@empty{#1}{}{% + \@ifnum{\count@>\@M}{}{% + \@ifnum{\count@=\z@}{\count@=#1\relax}{% + \@ifnum{\count@<#1\relax}{}{% + \count@=#1\relax + }% + }% + }% + }% + \@ifnum{\count@=\z@}{}{\penalty\count@}% + \@if@empty{#2}{}{% + \@tempskipa#2\relax + \@ifdim{\z@>\@tempskipa}{% + \advance\skip@-\@tempskipa + }{% + \@ifdim{\skip@>\@tempskipa}{}{% + \skip@\@tempskipa + }% + }% + }% + \vskip\skip@ +}% +\def\move@insertions{\global\holdinginserts\z@}% +\def\hold@insertions{\global\holdinginserts\@ne}% +\hold@insertions +\def\toggle@insert#1#2{% + \@ifnum{\holdinginserts>\z@}{\move@insertions#1}{\hold@insertions#2}% +}% +\def\do@columngrid#1#2{% + \par + \expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempa\csname open@column@#1\endcsname + \@ifx{\relax\@tempa}{% + \ltxgrid@warn{Unknown page grid #1. No action taken}% + }{% + \do@output@MVL{\start@column{#1}{#2}}% + }% +}% +\def\start@column#1#2{% + \def\@tempa{#1}\@ifx{\@tempa\thepagegrid}{% + \ltxgrid@info{Already in page grid \thepagegrid. No action taken}% + }{% + \expandafter\execute@message@insert + \expandafter{% + \csname shut@column@\thepagegrid\expandafter\endcsname + \csname open@column@#1\endcsname{#2}% + \set@vsize + }% + }% +}% +\def\thepagegrid{one}% +\newbox\pagesofar +\newbox\footsofar +\def\combine@foot@inserts#1#2{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\combine@foot@inserts\string#1\string#2}}{}% + \@ifvoid#1{% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@box#2}{}\global\setbox#1\box#2% + }{% + \global\setbox#1\vbox\bgroup + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@box#1}{}\unvbox#1% + \@ifvoid#2{}{% + \marry@baselines + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@box#2}{}\unvbox#2% + }% + \egroup + }% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@scroll{\showbox#1\showbox#2}}{}% +}% +\newcommand\onecolumngrid{\do@columngrid{one}{\@ne}}% +\let\onecolumn\@undefined +\def\open@column@one#1{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\open@column@one\string#1}}{}% + \unvbox\pagesofar + \@ifvoid{\footsofar}{}{% + \insert\footins\bgroup\unvbox\footsofar\egroup + \penalty\z@ + }% + \gdef\thepagegrid{one}% + \global\pagegrid@col#1% + \global\pagegrid@cur\@ne + \global\count\footins\@m + \global\divide\count\footins\tw@ + \set@column@hsize\pagegrid@col + \set@colht +}% +\def\shut@column@one{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\shut@column@one}}{}% + \@makecolumn\false@sw + \global\setbox\pagesofar\vbox\bgroup + \recover@column\@outputbox\footsofar\column@recovered\footins@recovered + \egroup + \begingroup\setbox\z@\box\@outputbox\endgroup + \combine@foot@inserts\footsofar\footins + \set@colht +}% +\def\float@column@one{% + \@makecolumn\true@sw + \@outputpage +}% +\def\end@column@one{% + \unvbox\@cclv\remove@lastbox + \protect@penalty\do@newpage@pen +}% +\def\output@column@one{% + \@outputpage +}% +\def\@addmarginpar@one{% + \@if@sw\if@mparswitch\fi{% + \@ifodd\c@page{\false@sw}{\true@sw}% + }{\false@sw}{% + \@if@sw\if@reversemargin\fi{\false@sw}{\true@sw}% + }{% + \@if@sw\if@reversemargin\fi{\true@sw}{\false@sw}% + }% +}% +\def\@floatselect@sw@one#1{\true@sw}% +\def\onecolumngrid@push{% + \do@output@MVL{% + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@col=\@ne}{% + \global\let\restorecolumngrid\@empty + }{% + \xdef\restorecolumngrid{% + \noexpand\start@column{\thepagegrid}{\the\pagegrid@col}% + }% + \start@column{one}{\@ne}% + }% + }% +}% +\def\onecolumngrid@pop{% + \do@output@MVL{\restorecolumngrid}% +}% +\newcommand\twocolumngrid{\do@columngrid{mlt}{\tw@}}% +\let\twocolumn\@undefined +\let\@topnewpage\@undefined +\def\open@column@mlt#1{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\open@column@mlt\string#1}}{}% + \@ifvoid{\footsofar}{}{% + \insert\footins\bgroup\unvbox\footsofar\egroup + }% + \gdef\thepagegrid{mlt}% + \global\pagegrid@col#1% + \global\pagegrid@cur\@ne + \global\count\footins\@m + \set@column@hsize\pagegrid@col + \set@colht +}% +\def\shut@column@mlt{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\shut@column@mlt}}{}% + \@cclv@nontrivial@sw{% + \@makecolumn\false@sw + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@cur<\pagegrid@col}{% + \expandafter\global\expandafter\setbox\csname col@\the\pagegrid@cur\endcsname\box\@outputbox + \global\advance\pagegrid@cur\@ne + }{}% + }{% + \void@cclv + }% + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@cur>\@ne}{% + \csname balance@\the\pagegrid@col\endcsname + \grid@column\@outputbox{}% + \@combinepage\false@sw + \@combinedblfloats + \global\setbox\pagesofar\box\@outputbox + \show@pagesofar@size + }{}% + \set@colht +}% +\def\float@column@mlt{% + \@output@combined@page +}% +\def\end@column@mlt{% + \@ifx@empty\@toplist{% + \@ifx@empty\@botlist{% + \@ifx@empty\@dbltoplist{% + \@ifx@empty\@deferlist{% + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@cur=\@ne}{% + \false@sw + }{% + \true@sw + }% + }{% + \true@sw + }% + }{% + \true@sw + }% + }{% + \true@sw + }% + }{% + \true@sw + }% + % true = kick out a column and try again + {% + \@cclv@nontrivial@sw{% + \unvbox\@cclv\remove@lastbox + }{% + \unvbox\@cclv\remove@lastbox\unskip\null + }% + \protect@penalty\do@newpage@pen + \protect@penalty\do@endpage@pen + }{% + \unvbox\@cclv\remove@lastbox + }% +}% +\def\output@column@mlt{% + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@cur<\pagegrid@col}{% + \expandafter\global\expandafter\setbox\csname col@\the\pagegrid@cur\endcsname\box\@outputbox + \global\advance\pagegrid@cur\@ne + }{% + \set@adj@colht\dimen@ + \grid@column\@outputbox{}% + \@output@combined@page + }% +}% +\let\@outputdblcol\@undefined +\def\@floatselect@sw@mlt#1{\@if@notdblfloat{#1}}% +\def\@addmarginpar@mlt{% emits a boolean + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@cur=\@ne}% +}% +\def\set@footnotewidth@one{% + \hsize\columnwidth + \linewidth\hsize +}% +\def\set@footnotewidth@two{\set@footnotewidth@mlt\tw@}% +\def\set@footnotewidth@mlt#1{% + \hsize\textwidth + \advance\hsize\columnsep + \divide\hsize#1% + \advance\hsize-\columnsep + \linewidth\hsize +}% +\def\compose@footnotes@one#1{% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\class@info{\string\compose@footnotes@one\string#1}\trace@box#1}{}% +}% +\let\compose@footnotes\compose@footnotes@one +\def\compose@footnotes@two#1{% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\class@info{\string\compose@footnotes@two\string#1}\trace@box#1}{}% + \setbox\z@\box\@tempboxa + \let\recover@column\recover@column@null + \let\marry@baselines\@empty + \balance@two#1\@tempboxa + \global\setbox#1\hbox to\textwidth{\box#1\hfil\box\@tempboxa}% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@box#1}{}% +}% +\let\pagegrid@cur\col@number +\let\col@number\@undefined +\newcount\pagegrid@col +\pagegrid@cur\@ne +\expandafter\let\csname col@\the\pagegrid@cur\endcsname\@leftcolumn +\let\@leftcolumn\@undefined +\pagegrid@col\tw@ +\def\pagegrid@init{% + \advance\pagegrid@cur\@ne + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@cur<\pagegrid@col}{% + \csname newbox\expandafter\endcsname\csname col@\the\pagegrid@cur\endcsname + \pagegrid@init + }{% + }% +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \pagegrid@init +}% +\def\grid@column#1#2{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\grid@column\string#1}}{}% + \global\setbox#1\vbox\bgroup + \hb@xt@\textwidth\bgroup + \vrule\@height\z@\@width\z@\@if@empty{#2}{}{\@depth#2}% + \pagegrid@cur\@ne + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@cur<\pagegrid@col}{\loopwhile{\append@column@\pagegrid@cur\pagegrid@col}}{}% + \box@column#1% + \egroup + \vskip\z@skip + \egroup +}% +\def\append@column@#1#2{% + \expandafter\box@column\csname col@\the#1\endcsname + \hfil\vrule\@width\columnseprule\hfil + \advance#1\@ne + \@ifnum{#1<#2}% +}% +\def\box@column#1{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\box@column\string#1}}{}% + \raise\topskip + \hb@xt@\columnwidth\bgroup + \dimen@\ht#1\@ifdim{\dimen@>\@colht}{\dimen@\@colht}{}% + \count@\vbadness\vbadness\@M + \dimen@ii\vfuzz\vfuzz\maxdimen + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\saythe\@colht\saythe\dimen@}{}% + \vtop to\dimen@\bgroup + \hrule\@height\z@ + \unvbox#1% + \raggedcolumn@skip + \egroup + \vfuzz\dimen@ii + \vbadness\count@ + \hss + \egroup +}% +\def\marry@baselines{% + \begingroup + \setbox\z@\lastbox + \@ifvoid{\z@}{% + \endgroup + }{% + \aftergroup\kern + \aftergroup-% + \expandafter\box\expandafter\z@\expandafter\endgroup\the\dp\z@\relax + }% + \vskip\marry@skip\relax +}% +\gdef\marry@skip{\z@skip}% +\def\set@marry@skip{% + \begingroup + \skip@\baselineskip\advance\skip@-\topskip + \@ifdim{\skip@>\z@}{% + \xdef\marry@skip{\the\skip@}% + }{}% + \endgroup +}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \@ifxundefined\raggedcolumn@sw{\@booleanfalse\raggedcolumn@sw}{}% +}% +\def\raggedcolumn@skip{% + \vskip\z@\raggedcolumn@sw{\@plus.0001fil\@minus.0001fil}{}\relax +}% +\def\@combinepage#1{% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\class@info{\string\@combinepage\string#1}}{}% + \@ifvoid\pagesofar{}{% + \setbox\@outputbox\vbox{% + \unvbox\pagesofar + \marry@baselines + \unvbox\@outputbox + }% + }% + #1{% + \@ifvoid\footsofar{}{% + \show@box@size{Combining page footnotes}\footsofar + \setbox\footins\box\footsofar + \compose@footnotes + \@combineinserts\@outputbox\footins + }% + }{% + }% +}% +\def \@cflt{% + \let \@elt \@comflelt + \setbox\@tempboxa \vbox{}% + \@toplist + \setbox\@outputbox \vbox{% + \boxmaxdepth \maxdepth + \unvbox\@tempboxa\unskip + \topfigrule\vskip \textfloatsep + \unvbox\@outputbox + }% + \let\@elt\relax + \xdef\@freelist{\@freelist\@toplist}% + \global\let\@toplist\@empty +}% +\def \@cflb {% + \let\@elt\@comflelt + \setbox\@tempboxa \vbox{}% + \@botlist + \setbox\@outputbox \vbox{% + \unvbox\@outputbox + \vskip \textfloatsep\botfigrule + \unvbox\@tempboxa\unskip + }% + \let\@elt\relax + \xdef\@freelist{\@freelist\@botlist}% + \global \let \@botlist\@empty +}% +\def\@combinedblfloats{% + \@ifx@empty\@dbltoplist{}{% + \setbox\@tempboxa\vbox{}% + \let\@elt\@comdblflelt\@dbltoplist + \let\@elt\relax\xdef\@freelist{\@freelist\@dbltoplist}% + \global\let\@dbltoplist\@empty + \setbox\@outputbox\vbox{% + %\boxmaxdepth\maxdepth %% probably not needed, CAR + \unvbox\@tempboxa\unskip + \@ifnum{\@dbltopnum>\m@ne}{\dblfigrule}{}%FIXME: how is \@dbltopnum maintained? + \vskip\dbltextfloatsep + \unvbox\@outputbox + }% + }% +}% +\def\set@column@hsize#1{% + \pagegrid@col#1% + \global\columnwidth\textwidth + \global\advance\columnwidth\columnsep + \global\divide\columnwidth\pagegrid@col + \global\advance\columnwidth-\columnsep + \global\hsize\columnwidth + \global\linewidth\columnwidth + \skip@\baselineskip\advance\skip@-\topskip + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@col>\@ne}{\set@marry@skip}{}% +}% +\def\set@colht{% + \set@adj@textheight\@colht + \global\let\enlarge@colroom\@empty + \set@colroom +}% +\def\set@adj@textheight#1{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\set@adj@textheight\string#1}\saythe\textheight}{}% + #1\textheight + \def\@elt{\adj@page#1}% + \@booleantrue\firsttime@sw\@dbltoplist + \let\@elt\relax + \global#1#1\relax + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\saythe#1}{}% +}% +\def\set@colroom{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\set@colroom}}{}% + \set@adj@colht\@colroom + \@if@empty\enlarge@colroom{}{% + \global\advance\@colroom\enlarge@colroom\relax + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\saythe\@colroom}{}% + }% + \@ifdim{\@colroom>\topskip}{}{% + \ltxgrid@info{Not enough room: \string\@colroom=\the\@colroom; increasing to \the\topskip}% + \@colroom\topskip + }% + \global\@colroom\@colroom + \set@vsize +}% +\def\set@vsize{% + \global\vsize\@colroom + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\set@vsize\string\vsize=\string\colroom}\saythe\vsize}{}% +}% +\def\set@adj@colht#1{% + #1\@colht + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\set@adj@colht\string#1-\string\pagesofar}\saythe#1}{}% + \@ifvoid\pagesofar{}{% + \advance#1-\ht\pagesofar\advance#1-\dp\pagesofar + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\pagesofar}\saythe#1}{}% + }% + \def\@elt{\adj@column#1}% + \@booleantrue\firsttime@sw\@toplist + \@booleantrue\firsttime@sw\@botlist + \let\@elt\relax +}% +\def\adj@column#1#2{% + \advance#1-\ht#2% + \advance#1-\firsttime@sw{\textfloatsep\@booleanfalse\firsttime@sw}{\floatsep}% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\adj@column\string#1-\string#2}\saythe#1}{}% +}% +\def\adj@page#1#2{% + \advance#1-\ht#2% + \advance#1-\firsttime@sw{\dbltextfloatsep\@booleanfalse\firsttime@sw}{\dblfloatsep}% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\adj@page\string#1-\string#2}\saythe#1}{}% +}% +\def\set@adj@box#1#2{% + \@ifvoid#2{}{% + \advance#1-\ht#2\advance#1-\dp#2% + \@booleantrue\temp@sw + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\class@info{\string\set@adj@box\string#2}\saythe#1}{}% + }% +}% +\appdef\@outputpage@tail{% + \set@colht % FIXME: needed? + \@floatplacement % FIXME: needed? + \@dblfloatplacement % FIXME: needed? +}% +\begingroup + \catcode`\1=\cat@letter + \catcode`\2=\cat@letter + \toks@{% + \setbox\footins\box\footsofar + \balance@two\col@1\@outputbox + \global\setbox\col@1\box\col@1 + \global\setbox\@outputbox\box\@outputbox + \combine@foot@inserts\footsofar\footins + }% + \aftergroup\def\aftergroup\balance@2\expandafter +\endgroup\expandafter{\the\toks@}% +\def\balance@two#1#2{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\balance@two\string#1\string#2}}{}% + \outputdebug@sw{\trace@scroll{\showbox#1\showbox#2}}{}% + \setbox\thr@@\copy\footsofar + \setbox\@ne\vbox\bgroup + \@ifvoid{#1}{}{% + \recover@column#1\footsofar\column@recovered\footins@recovered + \@ifvoid{#2}{}{\marry@baselines}% + }% + \@ifvoid{#2}{}{% + \recover@column#2\footsofar\column@recovered\footins@recovered + }% + \egroup + \outputdebug@sw{\trace@scroll{\showbox\@ne}}{}% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@scroll{\showbox\footsofar}}{}% + \dimen@\ht\@ne\divide\dimen@\tw@ + \dimen@i\dimen@ + \vbadness\@M + \vfuzz\maxdimen + \splittopskip\topskip + \loopwhile{% + \setbox\z@\copy\@ne\setbox\tw@\vsplit\z@ to\dimen@ + \remove@depth\z@\remove@depth\tw@ + \dimen@ii\ht\tw@\advance\dimen@ii-\ht\z@ + \dimen@i=.5\dimen@i + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\saythe\dimen@\saythe\dimen@i\saythe\dimen@ii}{}% + \@ifdim{\dimen@ii<.5\p@}{% + \@ifdim{\dimen@ii>-.5\p@}% + }{% + \false@sw + }% + {% + \true@sw + }{% + \@ifdim{\dimen@i<.5\p@}% + }% + {% + \false@sw + }% + {% + \advance\dimen@\@ifdim{\dimen@ii<\z@}{}{-}\dimen@i + \true@sw + }% + }% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\saythe\dimen@\saythe\dimen@i\saythe\dimen@ii}{}% + \@ifdim{\ht\z@=\z@}{% + \@ifdim{\ht\tw@=\z@}% + }{% + \true@sw + }% + {% + }{% + \ltxgrid@info{Unsatifactorily balanced columns: giving up}% + \setbox\tw@\box#1% + \setbox\z@ \box#2% + \global\setbox\footsofar\box\thr@@ + }% + \setbox\tw@\vbox{\unvbox\tw@\vskip\z@skip}% + \setbox\z@ \vbox{\unvbox\z@ \vskip\z@skip}% + \set@colht + \dimen@\ht\z@\@ifdim{\dimen@<\ht\tw@}{\dimen@\ht\tw@}{}% + \@ifdim{\dimen@>\@colroom}{\dimen@\@colroom}{}% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\saythe{\ht\z@}\saythe{\ht\tw@}\saythe\@colroom\saythe\dimen@}{}% + \setbox#1\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox\tw@\unskip\raggedcolumn@skip}% + \setbox#2\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox\z@ \unskip\raggedcolumn@skip}% + \outputdebug@sw{\trace@scroll{\showbox#1\showbox#2}}{}% +}% +\def\remove@depth#1{% + \setbox#1\vbox\bgroup + \unvcopy#1% + \setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup + \unvbox#1% + \setbox\z@\lastbox + \aftergroup\kern\aftergroup-\expandafter + \egroup + \the\dp\z@\relax + \egroup +}% +\def\recover@column#1#2#3#4{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info{\string\recover@column\string#1\string#2\string#3\string#4}}{}% + \setbox#4\vbox{\unvcopy#1}% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@scroll{\showbox#4}}{}% + \dimen@\ht#4% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\saythe\dimen@}{}% + \setbox#4\vbox\bgroup + \unvbox#4\unskip + \dimen@i\lastkern\unkern\advance\dimen@i\lastkern + \@ifdim{\dimen@i=\z@}{% + \dimen@i\lastkern\unkern + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\saythe\dimen@i}{}% + \aftergroup\dimen@i + \expandafter\egroup\the\dimen@i\relax + }{% + \egroup + }% + \@ifdim{\dimen@i<\z@}{% + \advance\dimen@\dimen@i + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\saythe\dimen@i\saythe\dimen@}{}% + \splittopskip\z@skip + \global\setbox#3\vsplit#4 to\dimen@ + \global\setbox#4\vbox{\unvbox#4}% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@scroll{\showbox#1\showbox#2\showbox#3\showbox#4}}{}% + \global\setbox#2\vbox\bgroup\unvbox#2\vskip\z@skip\unvbox#4\egroup + }{% + \setbox#3\box#4% + \ltxgrid@foot@info@sw{\trace@scroll{\showbox#1\showbox#2\showbox#3\showbox#4}}{}% + }% + \unvbox#3% + \loopwhile{\dimen@\lastskip\@ifdim{\dimen@>\z@}{\unskip\true@sw}{\false@sw}}% +}% +\def\recover@column@null#1#2#3#4{% + \unvcopy#1% +}% +\prepdef\@begindocumenthook{% + \open@column@one\@ne + \set@colht + \@floatplacement + \@dblfloatplacement +}% +\def\longtable@longtable{% + \par + \ifx\multicols\@undefined\else\ifnum\col@number>\@ne\@twocolumntrue\fi\fi + \if@twocolumn\LT@err{longtable not in 1-column mode}\@ehc\fi + \begingroup + \@ifnextchar[\LT@array{\LT@array[x]}% +}% +\def\longtable@new{% + \par + \@ifnextchar[\LT@array{\LT@array[x]}% +}% +\def\endlongtable@longtable{% + \crcr + \noalign{% + \let\LT@entry\LT@entry@chop + \xdef\LT@save@row{\LT@save@row}}% + \LT@echunk + \LT@start + \unvbox\z@ + \LT@get@widths + \if@filesw + {\let\LT@entry\LT@entry@write\immediate\write\@auxout{% + \gdef\expandafter\noexpand + \csname LT@\romannumeral\c@LT@tables\endcsname + {\LT@save@row}}}% + \fi + \ifx\LT@save@row\LT@@save@row + \else + \LT@warn{Column \@width s have changed\MessageBreak + in table \thetable}% + \LT@final@warn + \fi + \endgraf\penalty -\LT@end@pen + \endgroup + \global\@mparbottom\z@ + \pagegoal\vsize + \endgraf\penalty\z@\addvspace\LTpost + \ifvoid\footins\else\insert\footins{}\fi +}% +\def\endlongtable@new{% + \crcr + \noalign{% + \let\LT@entry\LT@entry@chop + \xdef\LT@save@row{\LT@save@row}% + }% + \LT@echunk + \LT@start + \unvbox\z@ + \LT@get@widths + \@if@sw\if@filesw\fi{% + {% + \let\LT@entry\LT@entry@write + \immediate\write\@auxout{% + \gdef\expandafter\noexpand\csname LT@\romannumeral\c@LT@tables\endcsname + {\LT@save@row}% + }% + }% + }{}% + \@ifx{\LT@save@row\LT@@save@row}{}{% + \LT@warn{% + Column \@width s have changed\MessageBreak in table \thetable + }\LT@final@warn + }% + \endgraf + \nobreak + \box\@ifvoid\LT@lastfoot{\LT@foot}{\LT@lastfoot}% + \global\@mparbottom\z@ + \endgraf + \LT@post +}% +\def\LT@start@longtable{% + \let\LT@start\endgraf + \endgraf\penalty\z@\vskip\LTpre + \dimen@\pagetotal + \advance\dimen@ \ht\ifvoid\LT@firsthead\LT@head\else\LT@firsthead\fi + \advance\dimen@ \dp\ifvoid\LT@firsthead\LT@head\else\LT@firsthead\fi + \advance\dimen@ \ht\LT@foot + \dimen@ii\vfuzz + \vfuzz\maxdimen + \setbox\tw@\copy\z@ + \setbox\tw@\vsplit\tw@ to \ht\@arstrutbox + \setbox\tw@\vbox{\unvbox\tw@}% + \vfuzz\dimen@ii + \advance\dimen@ \ht + \ifdim\ht\@arstrutbox>\ht\tw@\@arstrutbox\else\tw@\fi + \advance\dimen@\dp + \ifdim\dp\@arstrutbox>\dp\tw@\@arstrutbox\else\tw@\fi + \advance\dimen@ -\pagegoal + \ifdim \dimen@>\z@\vfil\break\fi + \global\@colroom\@colht + \ifvoid\LT@foot\else + \advance\vsize-\ht\LT@foot + \global\advance\@colroom-\ht\LT@foot + \dimen@\pagegoal\advance\dimen@-\ht\LT@foot\pagegoal\dimen@ + \maxdepth\z@ + \fi + \ifvoid\LT@firsthead\copy\LT@head\else\box\LT@firsthead\fi +\nobreak + \output{\LT@output}% +}% +\def\LT@start@new{% + \let\LT@start\endgraf + \endgraf + \markthr@@{}% + \LT@pre + \@ifvoid\LT@firsthead{\LT@top}{\box\LT@firsthead\nobreak}% + \mark@envir{longtable}% +}% +\def\LT@end@hd@ft@longtable#1{% + \LT@echunk + \ifx\LT@start\endgraf + \LT@err{Longtable head or foot not at start of table}{Increase LTchunksize}% + \fi + \setbox#1\box\z@ + \LT@get@widths\LT@bchunk +}% +\def\LT@end@hd@ft@new#1{% + \LT@echunk + \@ifx{\LT@start\endgraf}{% + \LT@err{Longtable head or foot not at start of table}{Increase LTchunksize}% + }% + \global\setbox#1\box\z@ + \LT@get@widths + \LT@bchunk +}% +\def\LT@array@longtable[#1]#2{% + \refstepcounter{table}\stepcounter{LT@tables}% + \if l#1% + \LTleft\z@ \LTright\fill + \else\if r#1% + \LTleft\fill \LTright\z@ + \else\if c#1% + \LTleft\fill \LTright\fill + \fi\fi\fi + \let\LT@mcol\multicolumn + \let\LT@@tabarray\@tabarray + \let\LT@@hl\hline + \def\@tabarray{% + \let\hline\LT@@hl + \LT@@tabarray}% + \let\\\LT@tabularcr\let\tabularnewline\\% + \def\newpage{\noalign{\break}}% + \def\pagebreak{\noalign{\ifnum`}=0\fi\@testopt{\LT@no@pgbk-}4}% + \def\nopagebreak{\noalign{\ifnum`}=0\fi\@testopt\LT@no@pgbk4}% + \let\hline\LT@hline \let\kill\LT@kill\let\caption\LT@caption + \@tempdima\ht\strutbox + \let\@endpbox\LT@endpbox + \ifx\extrarowheight\@undefined + \let\@acol\@tabacol + \let\@classz\@tabclassz \let\@classiv\@tabclassiv + \def\@startpbox{\vtop\LT@startpbox}% + \let\@@startpbox\@startpbox + \let\@@endpbox\@endpbox + \let\LT@LL@FM@cr\@tabularcr + \else + \advance\@tempdima\extrarowheight + \col@sep\tabcolsep + \let\@startpbox\LT@startpbox\let\LT@LL@FM@cr\@arraycr + \fi + \setbox\@arstrutbox\hbox{\vrule + \@height \arraystretch \@tempdima + \@depth \arraystretch \dp \strutbox + \@width \z@}% + \let\@sharp##\let\protect\relax + \begingroup + \@mkpream{#2}% + \xdef\LT@bchunk{% + \global\advance\c@LT@chunks\@ne + \global\LT@rows\z@\setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup + \LT@setprevdepth + \tabskip\LTleft \noexpand\halign to\hsize\bgroup + \tabskip\z@ \@arstrut \@preamble \tabskip\LTright \cr}% + \endgroup + \expandafter\LT@nofcols\LT@bchunk&\LT@nofcols + \LT@make@row + \m@th\let\par\@empty + \everycr{}\lineskip\z@\baselineskip\z@ + \LT@bchunk}% +\def\LT@LR@l{\LTleft\z@ \LTright\fill}% +\def\LT@LR@r{\LTleft\fill \LTright\z@ }% +\def\LT@LR@c{\LTleft\fill \LTright\fill}% +\def\LT@array@new[#1]#2{% + \refstepcounter{table}\stepcounter{LT@tables}% + \table@hook + \LTleft\fill \LTright\fill + \csname LT@LR@#1\endcsname + \let\LT@mcol\multicolumn + \let\LT@@hl\hline + \prepdef\@tabarray{\let\hline\LT@@hl}% + \let\\\LT@tabularcr + \let\tabularnewline\\% + \def\newpage{\noalign{\break}}% + \def\pagebreak{\noalign{\ifnum`}=0\fi\@testopt{\LT@no@pgbk-}4}% + \def\nopagebreak{\noalign{\ifnum`}=0\fi\@testopt\LT@no@pgbk4}% + \let\hline\LT@hline + \let\kill\LT@kill + \let\caption\LT@caption + \@tempdima\ht\strutbox + \let\@endpbox\LT@endpbox + \@ifxundefined\extrarowheight{% + \let\@acol\@tabacol + \let\@classz\@tabclassz + \let\@classiv\@tabclassiv + \def\@startpbox{\vtop\LT@startpbox}% + \let\@@startpbox\@startpbox + \let\@@endpbox\@endpbox + \let\LT@LL@FM@cr\@tabularcr@LaTeX + \let\@xtabularcr\@xtabularcr@LaTeX + }{% + \advance\@tempdima\extrarowheight + \col@sep\tabcolsep + \let\@startpbox\LT@startpbox + \let\LT@LL@FM@cr\@arraycr@array + }% + \let\@acoll\@tabacoll + \let\@acolr\@tabacolr + \let\@acol\@tabacol + \setbox\@arstrutbox\hbox{% + \vrule + \@height \arraystretch \@tempdima + \@depth \arraystretch \dp \strutbox + \@width \z@ + }% + \let\@sharp##% + \let\protect\relax + \begingroup + \@mkpream{#2}% + \@mkpream@relax + \edef\@preamble{\@preamble}% + \prepdef\@preamble{% + \global\advance\c@LT@chunks\@ne + \global\LT@rows\z@ + \setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup + \LT@setprevdepth + \tabskip\LTleft + \halign to\hsize\bgroup + \tabskip\z@ + \@arstrut + }% + \appdef\@preamble{% + \tabskip\LTright + \cr + }% + \global\let\LT@bchunk\@preamble + \endgroup + \expandafter\LT@nofcols\LT@bchunk&\LT@nofcols + \LT@make@row + \m@th + \let\par\@empty + \everycr{}% + \lineskip\z@ + \baselineskip\z@ + \LT@bchunk +}% +\appdef\table@hook{}% +\def\switch@longtable{% + \@ifpackageloaded{longtable}{% + \@ifx{\longtable\longtable@longtable}{% + \@ifx{\endlongtable\endlongtable@longtable}{% + \@ifx{\LT@start\LT@start@longtable}{% + \@ifx{\LT@end@hd@ft\LT@end@hd@ft@longtable}{% + \@ifx{\LT@array\LT@array@longtable}{% + \true@sw + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + {% + \class@info{Patching longtable package}% + }{% + \class@info{Patching unrecognized longtable package. (Proceeding with fingers crossed)}% + }% + \let\longtable\longtable@new + \let\endlongtable\endlongtable@new + \let\LT@start\LT@start@new + \let\LT@end@hd@ft\LT@end@hd@ft@new + \let\LT@array\LT@array@new + \newenvironment{longtable*}{% + \onecolumngrid@push + \longtable + }{% + \endlongtable + \onecolumngrid@pop + }% + }{}% +}% +\def\LT@pre{\penalty\z@\vskip\LTpre}% +\def\LT@bot{\nobreak\copy\LT@foot\vfil}% +\def\LT@top{\copy\LT@head\nobreak}% +\def\LT@post{\penalty\z@\addvspace\LTpost\mark@envir{\curr@envir}}% +\def\LT@adj{% + \setbox\z@\vbox{\null}\dimen@-\ht\z@ + \setbox\z@\vbox{\unvbox\z@\LT@bot}\advance\dimen@\ht\z@ + \global\advance\vsize-\dimen@ +}% +\def\output@init@longtable{\LT@adj}% +\def\output@prep@longtable{\setbox\@cclv\vbox{\unvbox\@cclv\LT@bot}}% +\def\output@post@longtable{\LT@top}% +\let\output@init@theindex\@empty +\let\output@prep@theindex\@empty +\def\output@post@theindex{% + \@ifodd\c@page{}{% + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@cur=\@ne}{% + }% + }% +}% +\def\check@aux{\do@output@MVL{\do@check@aux}}% +\def\check@deferlist@stuck#1{% + \@ifx{\@deferlist@postshipout\@empty}{}{% + \@ifx{\@deferlist@postshipout\@deferlist}{% + \@fltstk + \clearpage@sw{% + \ltxgrid@warn{Deferred float stuck during \string\clearpage\space processing}% + }{% + \force@deferlist@stuck#1% + }% + }{% + }% + \global\let\@deferlist@postshipout\@empty + }% +}% +\def\@fltstk{% + \@latex@warning{A float is stuck (cannot be placed without \string\clearpage)}% +}% +\appdef\@outputpage@tail{% + \global\let\@deferlist@postshipout\@deferlist +}% +\def\@next#1#2{% + \@ifx{#2\@empty}{\false@sw}{% + \expandafter\@xnext#2\@@#1#2% + \true@sw + }% +}% +\def\@xnext\@elt#1#2\@@#3#4{% + \def#3{#1}% + \gdef#4{#2}% + \def\@tempa{#4}\def\@tempb{\@freelist}% + \@ifx{\@tempa\@tempb}{% + \@ifx{#4\@empty}{% + \force@deferlist@empty%{Float register pool exhausted}% + }{}% + }{}% +}% +\def\force@deferlist@stuck#1{% + \force@deferlist@sw{% + \@booleantrue\clearpage@sw + \@booleantrue\forcefloats@sw + #1% + }{% + }% +}% +\def\force@deferlist@empty{% + \force@deferlist@sw{% + \penalty-\pagebreak@pen + \protect@penalty\do@forcecolumn@pen + }{% + }% +}% +\@booleanfalse\force@deferlist@sw +\mathchardef\do@forcecolumn@pen=10009 +\@namedef{output@-\the\do@forcecolumn@pen}{\do@forcecolumn}% +\def\do@forcecolumn{% + \@booleantrue\clearpage@sw + \@booleantrue\forcefloats@sw + \do@startcolumn +}% +\def\enlargethispage{% + \@ifstar{% + \@enlargethispage{}% + }{% + \@enlargethispage{}% + }% +}% +\def\@enlargethispage#1#2{% + \begingroup + \dimen@#2\relax + \edef\@tempa{#1}% + \edef\@tempa{\noexpand\@@enlargethispage{\@tempa}{\the\dimen@}}% + \expandafter\do@output@MVL\expandafter{\@tempa}% + \endgroup +}% +\def\@@enlargethispage#1#2{% + \def\@tempa{one}% + \@ifx{\thepagegrid\@tempa}{% + \true@sw + }{% + \def\@tempa{mlt}% + \@ifx{\thepagegrid\@tempa}{% + \@ifnum{\pagegrid@cur=\@ne}{% + \gdef\enlarge@colroom{#2}% + \true@sw + }{% + \ltxgrid@warn{Too late to enlarge this page; move the command to the first column.}% + \false@sw + }% + }{% + \ltxgrid@warn{Unable to enlarge a page of this kind.}% + \false@sw + }% + }% + {% + \class@info{Enlarging page \thepage\space by #2}% + \global\advance\@colroom#2\relax + \set@vsize + }{% + }% +}% +\let\enlarge@colroom\@empty +\let\@kludgeins\@undefined +\@booleantrue\textheight@sw +\prepdef\@outputpage@head{% + \textheight@sw{% + \count@\vbadness\vbadness\@M + \dimen@\vfuzz\vfuzz\maxdimen + \setbox\@outputbox\vbox to\textheight{\unvbox\@outputbox}% + \vfuzz\dimen@ + \vbadness\count@ + }{}% +}% +\appdef\@outputpage@head{% + \@ifx{\LS@rot\@undefined}{}{\LS@rot}% +}% +\def\ltxgrid@info{% + \ltxgrid@info@sw{\class@info}{\@gobble}% +}% +\@booleanfalse\ltxgrid@info@sw +\def\ltxgrid@warn{% + \ltxgrid@warn@sw{\class@warn}{\@gobble}% +}% +\@booleantrue\ltxgrid@warn@sw +\@booleanfalse\ltxgrid@foot@info@sw +\def\def@next@handler#1#2#3{% + \advance#1\@ne\mathchardef#2\the#1% + \expandafter\def\csname output@-\the#1\endcsname{#3}% +}% +\def\def@line@handler#1#2{% + \begingroup + \@tempcnta\int@parpenalty + \advance\@tempcnta-#1% + \aftergroup\def + \expandafter\aftergroup\csname output@-\the\@tempcnta\endcsname + \endgroup{#2}% +}% +\mathchardef\int@parpenalty11012 +\def@line@handler\z@{\@handle@line@ltx{}{}{}}% +\def@line@handler\@ne{\@handle@line@ltx{}{}{\brokenpenalty@ltx}}% +\def@line@handler\tw@{\@handle@line@ltx{}{\clubpenalty@ltx}{}}% +\def@line@handler\thr@@{\@handle@line@ltx{\clubpenalty@ltx}{}{\brokenpenalty@ltx}}% +\def@line@handler\f@ur{\@handle@line@ltx{\widowpenalty@ltx}{}{}}% +\def@line@handler{5}{\@handle@line@ltx{\widowpenalty@ltx}{}{\brokenpenalty@ltx}}% +\def@line@handler{6}{\@handle@line@ltx{\widowpenalty@ltx}{\clubpenalty@ltx}{}}% +\def@line@handler{7}{\@handle@line@ltx{\widowpenalty@ltx}{\clubpenalty@ltx}{\brokenpenalty@ltx}}% +\def@line@handler{8}{\@handle@line@ltx{\displaywidowpenalty@ltx}{}{}}% +\def@line@handler{9}{\@handle@line@ltx{\displaywidowpenalty@ltx}{}{\brokenpenalty@ltx}}% +\def@line@handler{10}{\@handle@line@ltx{\displaywidowpenalty@ltx}{\clubpenalty@ltx}{}}% +\def@line@handler{11}{\@handle@line@ltx{\displaywidowpenalty@ltx}{\clubpenalty@ltx}{\brokenpenalty@ltx}}% +\def\@handle@line@ltx#1#2#3{% + \@@handle@line@ltx + \@tempcnta\lastpenalty + \@tempcntb\interlinepenalty@ltx\relax + \@if@empty{#1}{}{\advance\@tempcntb#1\relax}% + \@if@empty{#2}{}{\advance\@tempcntb#2\relax}% + \@if@empty{#3}{}{\advance\@tempcntb#3\relax}% + \penalty\@ifnum{\@tempcnta<\@tempcntb}{\@tempcntb}{\@tempcnta}% +}% +\let\@@handle@line@ltx\@empty +\@tempcnta\int@parpenalty +\def@next@handler\@tempcnta\int@postparpenalty{\reset@queues@ltx\handle@par@ltx}% +\def@next@handler\@tempcnta\int@vadjustpenalty{\handle@vadjust@ltx}% +\def@next@handler\@tempcnta\int@whatsitpenalty{\handle@whatsit@ltx}% +\def@next@handler\@tempcnta\int@predisplaypenalty{\reset@queues@ltx\@handle@display@ltx{\predisplaypenalty@ltx}}% +\def@next@handler\@tempcnta\int@interdisplaylinepenalty{\@handle@display@ltx{\interdisplaylinepenalty@ltx}}% +\def@next@handler\@tempcnta\int@postdisplaypenalty{\@handle@display@ltx{\postdisplaypenalty@ltx}}% +\def\@handle@display@ltx#1{% + \@@handle@display@ltx + \@tempcnta\lastpenalty + \@tempcntb#1% + \penalty\@ifnum{\@tempcnta<\@tempcntb}{\@tempcntb}{\@tempcnta}% +}% +\let\@@handle@display@ltx\@empty +\def\handle@par@ltx{}% +\def\set@linepenalties{% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\interlinepenalty@ltx\expandafter{\the\interlinepenalty}% + \interlinepenalty-\int@parpenalty + \expandafter\def\expandafter\brokenpenalty@ltx\expandafter{\the\brokenpenalty}% + \brokenpenalty\@ne + \expandafter\def\expandafter\clubpenalty@ltx\expandafter{\the\clubpenalty}% + \clubpenalty\tw@ + \expandafter\def\expandafter\widowpenalty@ltx\expandafter{\the\widowpenalty}% + \widowpenalty\f@ur + \expandafter\def\expandafter\displaywidowpenalty@ltx\expandafter{\the\displaywidowpenalty}% + \displaywidowpenalty8\relax +}% +\def\restore@linepenalties{% + \interlinepenalty\interlinepenalty@ltx + \brokenpenalty\brokenpenalty@ltx + \clubpenalty\clubpenalty@ltx + \widowpenalty\widowpenalty@ltx + \displaywidowpenalty\displaywidowpenalty@ltx + \relax +}% +\def\set@displaypenalties#1{% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\predisplaypenalty@ltx\expandafter{\the\predisplaypenalty}% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\interdisplaylinepenalty@ltx\expandafter{\the\interdisplaylinepenalty}% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\postdisplaypenalty@ltx\expandafter{\the\postdisplaypenalty}% + \@ifhmode{\predisplaypenalty-\int@predisplaypenalty\relax}{}% + #1{\interdisplaylinepenalty-\int@interdisplaylinepenalty\relax}{}% + #1{\postdisplaypenalty-\int@postdisplaypenalty\relax}{}% +}% +\def\enqueue@whatsit@ltx#1{% + \gappdef\g@whatsit@queue{{#1}}% + \vadjust{\penalty-\int@whatsitpenalty}% +}% +\def\handle@whatsit@ltx{% + \unvbox\@cclv + \g@pop@ltx\g@whatsit@queue\@tempa + \expandafter\do@whatsit\expandafter{\@tempa}% +}% +\def\do@whatsit#1{}% +\def\g@pop@ltx#1#2{% + \expandafter\@g@pop@ltx#1{}{}\@@#1#2% +}% +\def\@g@pop@ltx#1#2\@@#3#4{% + \gdef#3{#2}% + \def#4{#1}% +}% +\let\vspace@ltx\vspace +\let\pagebreak@ltx\pagebreak +\let\nopagebreak@ltx\nopagebreak +\let\endline@ltx\\ +\let\@arrayparboxrestore@ltx\@arrayparboxrestore +\def\@vspace@org #1{% + \ifvmode + \vskip #1 + \vskip\z@skip + \else + \@bsphack + \vadjust{\@restorepar + \vskip #1 + \vskip\z@skip + }% + \@esphack + \fi +}% +\def\@vspace@ltx#1{% + \@ifvmode{% + \vskip#1\vskip\z@skip + }{% + \@bsphack + \ex@vadjust@ltx{% + \@restorepar + \nobreak + \vskip#1\vskip\z@skip + }% + \@esphack + }% +}% +\def\@vspacer@org#1{% + \ifvmode + \dimen@\prevdepth + \hrule \@height\z@ + \nobreak + \vskip #1 + \vskip\z@skip + \prevdepth\dimen@ + \else + \@bsphack + \vadjust{\@restorepar + \hrule \@height\z@ + \nobreak + \vskip #1 + \vskip\z@skip}% + \@esphack +\fi +}% +\def\@vspacer@ltx#1{% + \@ifvmode{% + \dimen@\prevdepth + \hrule\@height\z@ + \nobreak + \vskip#1\vskip\z@skip + \prevdepth\dimen@ + }{% + \@bsphack + \ex@vadjust@ltx{% + \@restorepar + \hrule\@height\z@ + \nobreak + \vskip#1\vskip\z@skip + }% + \@esphack + }% +}% +\def\@no@pgbk@org #1[#2]{% + \ifvmode + \penalty #1\@getpen{#2}% + \else + \@bsphack + \vadjust{\penalty #1\@getpen{#2}}% + \@esphack + \fi +}% +\def\@no@pgbk@ltx#1[#2]{% + \@ifvmode{% + \penalty#1\@getpen{#2}% + }{% + \@bsphack + \ex@vadjust@ltx{% + \penalty#1\@getpen{#2}% + }% + \@esphack + }% +}% +\long\def\end@line@org{% + \let\reserved@e\relax + \let\reserved@f\relax + \@ifstar{% + \let\reserved@e\vadjust + \let\reserved@f\nobreak + \@xnewline + }% + \@xnewline +}% +\long\def\end@line@ltx{% + \let\reserved@e\relax + \let\reserved@f\relax + \@ifstar{% + \let\reserved@e\ex@vadjust@ltx + \let\reserved@f\nobreak + \@xnewline + }{% + \@xnewline + }% +}% +\def\@newline@org[#1]{% + \let\reserved@e\vadjust + \@gnewline{\vskip#1}% +}% +\def\@newline@ltx[#1]{% + \let\reserved@e\ex@vadjust@ltx + \@gnewline{\vskip#1}% +}% + \@ifx{\@vspace\@vspace@org}{% + \@ifx{\@vspacer\@vspacer@org}{% + \@ifx{\@no@pgbk\@no@pgbk@org}{% + \@ifx{\@newline\@newline@org}{% + \expandafter\@ifx\expandafter{\csname\expandafter\@gobble\string\\ \endcsname\end@line@org}{% + \true@sw + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + {% + \class@info{Overriding \string\@vspace, \string\@vspacer, \string\@no@pgbk, \string\@newline, and \string\\ }% + \let\@normalcr\end@line@ltx + \expandafter\let\csname\expandafter\@gobble\string\\ \endcsname\@normalcr + \let\@newline\@newline@ltx + \let\@vspace\@vspace@ltx + \let\@vspacer\@vspacer@ltx + \let\@no@pgbk\@no@pgbk@ltx + }{% + \class@warn{% + Failed to recognize \string\@vspace, \string\@vspacer, \string\@no@pgbk, \string\@newline, and \string\\; + no patches applied. Please get a more up-to-date class, + }% + }% +\let\ex@vadjust@ltx\vadjust +\def\enqueue@vadjust@ltx#1{% + \gappdef\g@vadjust@queue{{#1}}% + \vadjust{\penalty-\int@vadjustpenalty}% +}% +\def\handle@vadjust@ltx{% + \unvbox\@cclv + \g@pop@ltx\g@vadjust@queue\@tempa + \expandafter\gappdef\expandafter\g@vadjust@line\expandafter{\@tempa}% +}% +\let\g@vadjust@line\@empty +\def\reset@queues@ltx{% + \global\let\g@whatsit@queue\@empty + \global\let\g@vadjust@queue\@empty +}% +\newcommand\linenomathWithnumbers@LN{% + \ifLineNumbers + \ifnum\interlinepenalty>-\linenopenaltypar + \global\holdinginserts\thr@@ + \advance\interlinepenalty \linenopenalty + \ifhmode + \advance\predisplaypenalty \linenopenalty + \fi + \advance\postdisplaypenalty \linenopenalty + \advance\interdisplaylinepenalty \linenopenalty + \fi + \fi + \ignorespaces +}% +\newcommand\linenomathNonumbers@LN{% + \ifLineNumbers + \ifnum\interlinepenalty>-\linenopenaltypar + \global\holdinginserts\thr@@ + \advance\interlinepenalty \linenopenalty + \ifhmode + \advance\predisplaypenalty \linenopenalty + \fi + \fi + \fi + \ignorespaces +}% +\def\endlinenomath@LN{% + \ifLineNumbers + \global\holdinginserts\@LN@outer@holdins + \fi + \global\@ignoretrue +} +\def\linenumberpar@LN{% + \ifvmode \@@@par \else + \ifinner \@@@par \else + \xdef\@LN@outer@holdins{\the\holdinginserts}% + \advance \interlinepenalty \linenopenalty + \linenoprevgraf \prevgraf + \global \holdinginserts \thr@@ + \@@@par + \ifnum\prevgraf>\linenoprevgraf + \penalty-\linenopenaltypar + \fi + \@LN@parpgbrk + \global\holdinginserts\@LN@outer@holdins + \advance\interlinepenalty -\linenopenalty + \fi + \fi +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \@ifpackageloaded{lineno}{% + \@ifx{\linenomathWithnumbers\linenomathWithnumbers@LN}{% + \@ifx{\linenomathNonumbers\linenomathNonumbers@LN}{% + \@ifx{\endlinenomath\endlinenomath@LN}{% + \@ifx{\linenumberpar\linenumberpar@LN}{% + \true@sw + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + }{\false@sw}% + {% + \class@info{Overriding lineo.sty, restoring output routine,}% + \let\linenumberpar\linenumberpar@ltx + \let\endlinenomath\endlinenomath@ltx + \expandafter\let\csname endlinenomath*\endcsname\endlinenomath@ltx + \let\linenomathWithnumbers\linenomathWithnumbers@ltx + \let\linenomathNonumbers\linenomathNonumbers@ltx + \let\ex@vadjust@ltx\ex@vadjust@line + \let\@LN@postlabel\enqueue@whatsit@ltx + \let\do@whatsit\write@linelabel + \let\handle@par@ltx\handle@par@LN + \let\@@handle@line@ltx\Make@LineNo@ltx + \let\@@handle@display@ltx\Make@LineNo@ltx + \output@latex{\natural@output}% + \let\vspace\vspace@ltx + \let\pagebreak\pagebreak@ltx + \let\nopagebreak\nopagebreak@ltx + \let\@arrayparboxrestore\@arrayparboxrestore@ltx + \let\\\endline@ltx + \appdef\set@footnotefont{% + \let\par\@@@par + \let\@@par\@@@par + }% + \@if@sw\ifLineNumbers\fi{% + \class@info{Reinvoke \string\linenumbers}% + \let\@@par\linenumberpar + \@ifx{\@par\linenumberpar@LN}{\let\@par\linenumberpar}{}% + \@ifx{\par\linenumberpar@LN}{\let\par\linenumberpar}{}% + }{% + \class@info{Line numbering not turned on yet}% + }% + }{% + \class@warn{Failed to recognize lineno.sty procedures; no patches applied. Please get a more up-to-date class.}% + }% + }{% + }% +}% +\def\linenumberpar@ltx{\@ifvmode{\@@@par}{\@linenumberpar}}% +\def\@linenumberpar{% + \linenoprevgraf\prevgraf + \set@linepenalties + \@@@par + \@ifnum{\prevgraf>\linenoprevgraf}{ + \penalty-\int@postparpenalty + }{}% + \@LN@parpgbrk + \restore@linepenalties +}% +\newcommand\linenomathWithnumbers@ltx{\@linenomathnumbers@ltx\true@sw}% +\newcommand\linenomathNonumbers@ltx{\@linenomathnumbers@ltx\false@sw}% +\def\@linenomathnumbers@ltx#1{% + \@if@sw\ifLineNumbers\fi{% + \set@linepenalties + \set@displaypenalties#1% + }{}% + \ignorespaces +}% +\def\endlinenomath@ltx{% + \global\@ignoretrue +}% +\def\handle@par@LN{% + \Make@LineNo@ltx + \@tempcnta\lastpenalty + \@ifnum{\@tempcnta=\z@}{}{% + \expandafter\gdef + \expandafter\@LN@parpgbrk + \expandafter{% + \expandafter\penalty + \the\@tempcnta + \global\let\@LN@parpgbrk\@LN@screenoff@pen + }% + }% +}% +\def\Make@LineNo@ltx{% + \@LN@maybe@normalLineNumber + \boxmaxdepth\maxdimen\setbox\z@\vbox{\unvbox\@cclv}% + \@tempdima\dp\z@ + \unvbox\z@ + \sbox\@tempboxa{\hb@xt@\z@{\makeLineNumber}}% + \ht\@tempboxa\z@ + \@LN@depthbox + \stepLineNumber + \g@vadjust@line + \global\let\g@vadjust@line\@empty +}% +\def\write@linelabel#1{% + \protected@write\@auxout{}{% + \string\newlabel{#1}{{\theLineNumber}{\thepage}{}{}{}}% + }% +}% +\def\ex@vadjust@line{% + \@if@sw\ifLineNumbers\fi{\enqueue@vadjust@ltx}{\vadjust}% +}% +\let\setup@hook\@empty +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \switch@longtable + \let\LT@makecaption\LT@makecaption@rtx +}% +\def\LT@makecaption@rtx#1#2#3{% + \LT@mcol\LT@cols c{% + \hbox to\z@{% + \hss + \parbox[t]\LTcapwidth{% + \sbox\@tempboxa{#1{#2: }#3\unskip\nobreak\vrule\@width\z@\@height\z@\@depth .5\baselineskip}% + \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa>\hsize + #1{#2: }#3\unskip\nobreak\vrule\@width\z@\@height\z@\@depth .5\baselineskip + \else + \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}% + \fi + \endgraf + }% + \hss + }% + }% +}% +\def\protectdef@boldmath{% + \expandafter\@ifnotrelax\csname boldmath \endcsname{}{% + \class@info{Robustifying \string\LaTeX's \string\boldmath\space command}% + \expandafter\let\csname boldmath \endcsname\boldmath + \expandafter\def\expandafter\boldmath\expandafter{\expandafter\protect\csname boldmath \endcsname}% + }% +}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \protectdef@boldmath +}% +\DeclareOption{checkin}{% + \@booleantrue\dateinRH@sw + \@booleantrue\preprintsty@sw + \def\@pointsize{12}% + \@booleantrue\showPACS@sw + \@booleantrue\showKEYS@sw + \def\fp@proc@h{\allow@breaking@tables}% + \def\fp@proc@H{\allow@breaking@tables}% +}% +\@booleanfalse\dateinRH@sw +\def\checkindate{\dateinRH@sw{{\tiny(\today)}}{}}% +\def\allow@breaking@tables{% + \def\array@default{v}% tabular can break over pages + \@booleanfalse\floats@sw % table can break over pages +}% +\DeclareOption{preprint}{% + \@booleantrue\preprintsty@sw + \ExecuteOptions{12pt}% +}% +\DeclareOption{reprint}{% + \@booleanfalse\preprintsty@sw + \@booleantrue\twocolumn@sw + \ExecuteOptions{10pt}% +}% +\DeclareOption{manuscript}{% + \class@warn{Document class option manuscript is obsolete; use preprint instead}% + \ExecuteOptions{preprint}% +}% +\@booleanfalse\preprintsty@sw +\DeclareOption{showpacs}{% + \@booleantrue\showPACS@sw +}% +\DeclareOption{noshowpacs}{% + \@booleanfalse\showPACS@sw +}% +\DeclareOption{showkeys}{% + \@booleantrue\showKEYS@sw +}% +\DeclareOption{noshowkeys}{% + \@booleanfalse\showKEYS@sw +}% +\@booleanfalse\showPACS@sw +\@booleanfalse\showKEYS@sw +\DeclareOption{balancelastpage}{% + \@booleantrue\balancelastpage@sw +}% +\DeclareOption{nobalancelastpage}{% + \@booleanfalse\balancelastpage@sw +}% +\@booleantrue\balancelastpage@sw +\DeclareOption{nopreprintnumbers}{\@booleanfalse\preprint@sw}% +\DeclareOption{preprintnumbers}{\@booleantrue\preprint@sw}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \@ifxundefined\preprint@sw{\let\preprint@sw\preprintsty@sw}{}% +}% +\DeclareOption{hyperref}{% + \class@warn{Class option "hyperref" is no longer supported.^^JEmploy \string\usepackage{hyperref} instead}% +}% +\DeclareOption{10pt}{\def\@pointsize{10}}% +\DeclareOption{11pt}{\def\@pointsize{11}}% +\DeclareOption{12pt}{\def\@pointsize{12}}% +\let\@pointsize\@undefined +\DeclareOption{a4paper}{% + \setlength\paperheight {297mm}% + \setlength\paperwidth {210mm}% +}% +\DeclareOption{a5paper}{% + \setlength\paperheight {210mm}% + \setlength\paperwidth {148mm}% +}% +\DeclareOption{b5paper}{% + \setlength\paperheight {250mm}% + \setlength\paperwidth {176mm}% +}% +\DeclareOption{letterpaper}{% + \setlength\paperheight {11in}% + \setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}% +}% +\DeclareOption{legalpaper}{% + \setlength\paperheight {14in}% + \setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}% +}% +\DeclareOption{executivepaper}{% + \setlength\paperheight {10.5in}% + \setlength\paperwidth {7.25in}% +}% +\DeclareOption{landscape}{% + \setlength\@tempdima {\paperheight}% + \setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}% + \setlength\paperwidth {\@tempdima}% +}% +\ds@letterpaper +\DeclareOption{bibnotes}{\let\frontmatter@footnote@produce\frontmatter@footnote@produce@endnote}% +\DeclareOption{nobibnotes}{\let\frontmatter@footnote@produce\frontmatter@footnote@produce@footnote}% +\let\frontmatter@footnote@produce\frontmatter@footnote@produce@footnote +\appdef\class@enddocumenthook{\auto@bib}% +\DeclareOption{footinbib}{\@booleantrue\footinbib@sw} +\DeclareOption{nofootinbib}{\@booleanfalse\footinbib@sw} +\@booleanfalse\footinbib@sw +\DeclareOption{altaffilletter}{\@booleantrue\altaffilletter@sw}% +\DeclareOption{altaffilsymbol}{\@booleanfalse\altaffilletter@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\altaffilletter@sw +\DeclareOption{superbib}{% + \let\place@bibnumber\place@bibnumber@sup +}% +\def\place@bibnumber{\NATx@bibnumfmt}% +\def\place@bibnumber@sup#1{\textsuperscript{#1}}% +\def\place@bibnumber@inl#1{[#1]}% +\DeclareOption{citeautoscript}{\@booleantrue\citeautoscript@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\citeautoscript@sw +\DeclareOption{longbibliography}{\@booleantrue\longbibliography@sw}% +\DeclareOption{nolongbibliography}{\@booleanfalse\longbibliography@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\longbibliography@sw +\DeclareOption{eprint}{\@booleantrue\eprint@enable@sw}% +\DeclareOption{noeprint}{\@booleanfalse\eprint@enable@sw}% +\@booleantrue\eprint@enable@sw +\@booleanfalse\twoside@sw +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \twoside@sw{\@twosidetrue}{\@twosidefalse}% +}% +\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@booleantrue \twoside@sw\@mparswitchfalse}% +\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@booleanfalse\twoside@sw\@mparswitchtrue}% +\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@booleanfalse\twocolumn@sw}% +\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@booleantrue \twocolumn@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\twocolumn@sw +\def\select@column@grid{% + \twocolumn@sw{% + \twocolumn@grid@setup + \open@twocolumn + }{% + \onecolumn@grid@setup + }% +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \select@column@grid +}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \let\clearpage@ltx\clearpage + \prepdef\clear@document{\let\clearpage\clearpage@ltx\let\clear@document\@empty\close@column}% + \appdef\class@documenthook{% + \appdef\class@enddocumenthook{% + \let\clearpage\clear@document + }% + }% +}% +\DeclareOption{author-year}{\@booleantrue\authoryear@sw}% +\DeclareOption{numerical}{\@booleanfalse\authoryear@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\authoryear@sw +\DeclareOption{galley}{% + \ExecuteOptions{onecolumn}% + \@booleantrue\galley@sw + \@booleanfalse\preprintsty@sw + \appdef\setup@hook{% + \advance\textwidth-\columnsep + \textwidth.5\textwidth + }% +}% +\@booleanfalse\galley@sw +\DeclareOption{raggedbottom}{\@booleantrue\raggedcolumn@sw} +\DeclareOption{flushbottom}{\@booleanfalse\raggedcolumn@sw} +\@booleanfalse\raggedcolumn@sw +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \raggedcolumn@sw{\raggedbottom}{\flushbottom}% +}% +\DeclareOption{tightenlines}{\@booleantrue\tightenlines@sw} +\@booleanfalse\tightenlines@sw +\@booleanfalse\lengthcheck@sw +\DeclareOption{lengthcheck}{% + \@booleantrue\lengthcheck@sw + \ExecuteOptions{reprint}% +}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \lengthcheck@sw{\@booleantrue\tally@box@size@sw}{}% +}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \draft@sw{\overfullrule 5\p@}{\overfullrule\z@}% +}% +\DeclareOption{draft}{\@booleantrue\draft@sw}% +\DeclareOption{final}{\@booleanfalse\draft@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\draft@sw +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \eqsecnum@sw{% + \@addtoreset{equation}{section}% + \def\theequation@prefix{\arabic{section}.}% + }{}% +}% +\DeclareOption{eqsecnum}{\@booleantrue\eqsecnum@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\eqsecnum@sw +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \setup@secnums +}% +\DeclareOption{secnumarabic}{% + \def\setup@secnums{\secnums@arabic}% +}% +\def\setup@secnums{\secnums@rtx}% +\DeclareOption{fleqn}{% + \input{fleqn.clo}% +}% +\DeclareOption{floats}{\@booleantrue\floats@sw\@booleanfalse\floatp@sw} +\DeclareOption{endfloats}{\@booleanfalse\floats@sw\@booleanfalse\floatp@sw} +\DeclareOption{endfloats*}{\@booleanfalse\floats@sw\@booleantrue\floatp@sw} +\@booleantrue\floats@sw +\@booleantrue\floatp@sw +\DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@booleantrue\titlepage@sw} +\DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@booleanfalse\titlepage@sw} +\@booleanfalse\titlepage@sw +\def\change@society#1{% + \def\@tempa{#1}% + \@ifxundefined\@society{% + \class@info{Selecting society \@tempa}% + \let\@society\@tempa + }{% + \@ifx{\@tempa\@society}{}{% + \class@warn{Conflicting society \@tempa<>\@society; not selected}% + }% + }% +}% +\def\change@journal#1{% + \def\@tempa{#1}% + \@ifxundefined\@journal{% + \class@info{Selecting journal \@tempa}% + \let\@journal\@tempa + }{% + \@ifx{\@tempa\@journal}{}{% + \class@warn{Conflicting journal \@tempa<>\@journal; not selected}% + }% + }% +}% +\DeclareOption{osa}{\change@society{osa}\let\@journal\@undefined}% +\DeclareOption{osameet}{\change@society{osa}\def\@journal{osameet}}% +\DeclareOption{opex}{\change@society{osa}\def\@journal{opex}}% +\DeclareOption{tops}{\change@society{osa}\def\@journal{tops}}% +\DeclareOption{josa}{\change@society{osa}\def\@journal{josa}}% +\let\rtx@require@packages\@empty +\appdef\rtx@require@packages{% + \RequirePackage[overload]{textcase}% +}% +\DeclareOption{amsfonts}{% + \def\class@amsfonts{\RequirePackage{amsfonts}}% +}% +\DeclareOption{noamsfonts}{% + \let\class@amsfonts\@empty +}% +\appdef\rtx@require@packages{% + \@ifxundefined\class@amsfonts{}{\class@amsfonts}% +}% +\DeclareOption{amssymb}{% + \def\class@amssymb{\RequirePackage{amssymb}}% +}% +\DeclareOption{noamssymb}{% + \let\class@amssymb\@empty +}% +\appdef\rtx@require@packages{% + \@ifxundefined\class@amssymb{}{\class@amssymb}% +}% +\DeclareOption{amsmath}{% + \def\class@amsmath{\RequirePackage{amsmath}[\ver@amsmath@prefer]}% +}% +\DeclareOption{noamsmath}{% + \let\class@amsmath\@empty +}% +\appdef\rtx@require@packages{% + \preserve@LaTeX + \@ifxundefined\class@amsmath{}{\class@amsmath}% + \appdef\class@enddocumenthook{\test@amsmath@ver}% +}% +\appdef\preserve@LaTeX{% + \let\@ifl@aded@LaTeX\@ifl@aded + \let\@ifpackageloaded@LaTeX\@ifpackageloaded + \let\@pkgextension@LaTeX\@pkgextension + \let\@ifpackagelater@LaTeX\@ifpackagelater + \let\@ifl@ter@LaTeX\@ifl@ter + \let\@ifl@t@r@LaTeX\@ifl@t@r + \let\@parse@version@LaTeX\@parse@version +}% +\appdef\restore@LaTeX{% + \let\@ifl@aded\@ifl@aded@LaTeX + \let\@ifpackageloaded\@ifpackageloaded@LaTeX + \let\@pkgextension\@pkgextension@LaTeX + \let\@ifpackagelater\@ifpackagelater@LaTeX + \let\@ifl@ter\@ifl@ter@LaTeX + \let\@ifl@t@r\@ifl@t@r@LaTeX + \let\@parse@version\@parse@version@LaTeX +}% +\def\test@amsmath@ver{% + \begingroup + \restore@LaTeX + \@ifpackageloaded{amsmath}{% + \@ifpackagelater{amsmath}{\ver@amsmath@prefer}{}{% + \class@warn{% + You have loaded amsmath, version "\csname ver@amsmath.sty\endcsname",\MessageBreak + but this class requires version "\ver@amsmath@prefer", or later.\MessageBreak + Please update your LaTeX installation. + }% + }% + }{% + }% + \endgroup +}% +\def\ver@amsmath@prefer{2000/01/15 v2.05 AMS math features}% +\DeclareOption{byrevtex}{\@booleantrue\byrevtex@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\byrevtex@sw +\DeclareOption{floatfix}{\@booleantrue\force@deferlist@sw}% +\DeclareOption{nofloatfix}{\@booleanfalse\force@deferlist@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\force@deferlist@sw +\gdef\@fltovf{% + \@latex@error{% + Too many unprocessed floats% + \force@deferlist@sw{}{; try class option [floatfix]}% + }\@ehb +}% +\def\@fltstk{% + \@latex@warning{% + A float is stuck (cannot be placed)% + \force@deferlist@sw{}{; try class option [floatfix]}% + }% +}% +\DeclareOption{ltxgridinfo}{% + \@booleantrue\ltxgrid@info@sw +}% +\DeclareOption{outputdebug}{% + \@booleantrue\outputdebug@sw + \@booleantrue\ltxgrid@info@sw + \@booleantrue\ltxgrid@foot@info@sw + \traceoutput +}% +\DeclareOption{raggedfooter}{\@booleanfalse\textheight@sw}% +\DeclareOption{noraggedfooter}{\@booleantrue\textheight@sw}% +\DeclareOption{frontmatterverbose}{\@booleantrue\frontmatterverbose@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\frontmatterverbose@sw +\DeclareOption{linenumbers}{% + \appdef + \class@documenthook{% + \RequirePackage{lineno}[2005/11/02 v4.41]% + \linenumbersep4pt\relax + \linenumbers\relax + }% +}% +\DeclareOption{nomerge}{% + \appdef\setup@hook{% + \@ifnum{\NAT@merge>\z@}{\let\NAT@merge\z@}{}% + }% +}% +\def\@parse@class@options@society{% + \edef\@tempa{\@ptionlist{\@currname.\@currext}}% + \expandafter\@for\expandafter\CurrentOption\expandafter:\expandafter=\@tempa\do{% + \expandafter\@ifnotrelax\csname ds@\CurrentOption\endcsname{}{% + \IfFileExists{\CurrentOption\substyle@post.\substyle@ext}{% + \expandafter\change@society\expandafter{\CurrentOption}% + \expandafter\let\csname ds@\CurrentOption\endcsname\@empty + }{}% + }% + }% +}% +\def\@parse@class@options@#1{% + \edef\@tempa{\@ptionlist{\@currname.\@currext}}% + \expandafter\@for\expandafter\CurrentOption\expandafter:\expandafter=\@tempa\do{% + \expandafter\@ifnotrelax\csname ds@\CurrentOption\endcsname{% + \begingroup\csname ds@\CurrentOption\endcsname + \@ifxundefined#1{% + \endgroup + }{% + \expandafter\endgroup\expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{#1}% + }% + }{}% + }% +}% +\def\@parse@class@options@journal{% + \edef\@tempa{\@ptionlist{\@currname.\@currext}}% + \expandafter\@for\expandafter\CurrentOption\expandafter:\expandafter=\@tempa\do{% + \expandafter\@ifnotrelax\csname ds@\CurrentOption\endcsname{% + \begingroup + \csname ds@\CurrentOption\endcsname + \@ifxundefined\@journal{% + \endgroup + }{% + \expandafter\endgroup\expandafter\def\expandafter\@journal\expandafter{\@journal}% + }% + }{}% + }% +}% +\def\@parse@class@options{% + \edef\@tempa{\@ptionlist{\@currname.\@currext}}% + \expandafter\@for\expandafter\CurrentOption\expandafter:\expandafter=\@tempa\do{% + \expandafter\@ifnotrelax\csname ds@\CurrentOption\endcsname{% + \begingroup + \csname ds@\CurrentOption\endcsname + \@ifxundefined\@pointsize{% + \endgroup + }{% + \expandafter\endgroup\expandafter\def\expandafter\@pointsize\expandafter{\@pointsize}% + }% + }{% + \IfFileExists{\CurrentOption\substyle@post.\substyle@ext}{% + \expandafter\change@society\expandafter{\CurrentOption}% + \expandafter\let\csname ds@\CurrentOption\endcsname\@empty + }{}% + }% + }% +}% +\DeclareOption{hypertext}{\hypertext@enable@ltx}% +\appdef\document@inithook{\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{\hypertext@enable@ltx}{}}% +\DeclareOption{frontmatterverbose}{\@booleantrue\frontmatterverbose@sw}% +\@booleanfalse\frontmatterverbose@sw +\DeclareOption{inactive}{\@booleanfalse\frontmatter@syntax@sw}% +\@booleantrue\frontmatter@syntax@sw +\@booleanfalse\runinaddress@sw +\@booleantrue\@affils@sw +\@booleanfalse\groupauthors@sw +\DeclareOption{groupedaddress}{\clo@groupedaddress}% +\def\clo@groupedaddress{% + \@booleantrue\groupauthors@sw + \@booleantrue\@affils@sw + \@booleanfalse\runinaddress@sw +}% +\DeclareOption{unsortedaddress}{\clo@unsortedaddress}% +\def\clo@unsortedaddress{% + \@booleantrue\groupauthors@sw + \@booleanfalse\@affils@sw + \@booleanfalse\runinaddress@sw +}% +\DeclareOption{runinaddress}{\clo@runinaddress}% +\def\clo@runinaddress{% + \@booleantrue\groupauthors@sw + \@booleantrue\@affils@sw + \@booleantrue\runinaddress@sw +}% +\DeclareOption{superscriptaddress}{\clo@superscriptaddress}% +\def\clo@superscriptaddress{% + \@booleanfalse\groupauthors@sw + \@booleantrue\@affils@sw + \@booleanfalse\runinaddress@sw +}% +%%% @LaTeX-file{ +%%% filename = "revtex4-1.dtx", +%%% version = "4.1r", +%%% date = "2010/07/25", +%%% time = "20:33:00 UT-8", +%%% checksum = "7177", +%%% author = "Arthur Ogawa (mailto:arthur_ogawa at sbcglobal.net), +%%% commissioned by the American Physical Society. +%%% ", +%%% copyright = "Copyright (C) 1999, 2009 Arthur Ogawa, +%%% distributed under the terms of the +%%% LaTeX Project Public License, see +%%% ftp://ctan.tug.org/macros/latex/base/lppl.txt +%%% ", +%%% address = "Arthur Ogawa, +%%% USA", +%%% telephone = "", +%%% FAX = "", +%%% email = "mailto colon arthur_ogawa at sbcglobal.net", +%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", +%%% keywords = "latex, page grid, main vertical list", +%%% supported = "yes", +%%% abstract = "package to change page grid, MVL", +%%% docstring = "The checksum field above generated by ltxdoc", +%%% } +\def\substyle@post{4-1}% +\def\substyle@ext{rtx}% +\DeclareOption*{\OptionNotUsed}% +\def\@process@society#1{% + \@ifxundefined\@society{% + \class@warn{No Society specified, using default society #1}% + \def\@society{#1}\let\@journal\@undefined + }{}% + \expandafter\input\expandafter{\@society\substyle@post.\substyle@ext}% +}% +\def\@process@journal#1{% + \@ifxundefined\@journal{% + \class@warn{No journal specified, using default #1}% + \def\@journal{#1}% + }{}% + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\rtx@do@substyle + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter{\expandafter\@society\@journal}% +}% +\def\rtx@do@substyle#1{% + \InputIfFileExists{#1\substyle@post.\substyle@ext}{}{\csname rtx@#1\endcsname}% +}% +\def\@process@pointsize#1{% + \@ifxundefined\@pointsize{% + \def\@pointsize{#1}% + \class@warn{No type size specified, using default \@pointsize}% + }{}% + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\rtx@do@substyle + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter{\expandafter\@society\@pointsize pt}% +}% + \def\ps@headings{% + \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty + \def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}% + \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}% + \let\@mkboth\markboth + \def\sectionmark##1{% + \markboth {\MakeUppercase{% + \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@ + \thesection\quad + \fi + ##1}}{}}% + \def\subsectionmark##1{% + \markright {% + \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\@ne + \thesubsection\quad + \fi + ##1}}}% +\def\ps@myheadings{% + \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty + \def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}% + \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}% + \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \let\sectionmark\@gobble + \let\subsectionmark\@gobble + }% +\def\ps@article{% + \def\@evenhead{\let\\\heading@cr\thepage\quad\checkindate\hfil{\leftmark}}% + \def\@oddhead{\let\\\heading@cr{\rightmark}\hfil\checkindate\quad\thepage}% + \def\@oddfoot{}% + \def\@evenfoot{}% + \let\@mkboth\markboth + \let\sectionmark\@gobble + \let\subsectionmark\@gobble +}% +\def\ps@article@final{% + \def\@evenhead{\let\\\heading@cr\thepage\quad\checkindate\hfil{\leftmark}}% + \def\@oddhead{\let\\\heading@cr{\rightmark}\hfil\checkindate\quad\thepage}% + \def\@oddfoot{}% + \def\@evenfoot{}% + \let\@mkboth\markboth + \def\sectionmark##1{% + \markboth{% + \MakeTextUppercase{% + \@ifnum{\c@secnumdepth >\z@}{\thesection\hskip 1em\relax}{}% + ##1% + }% + }{}% + }% + \def\subsectionmark##1{% + \markright {% + \@ifnum{\c@secnumdepth >\@ne}{\thesubsection\hskip 1em\relax}{}% + ##1% + }% + }% +}% +\def\heading@cr{\unskip\space\ignorespaces}% +\def\ps@preprint{% + \def\@oddfoot{\hfil\thepage\quad\checkindate\hfil}% + \def\@evenfoot{\hfil\thepage\quad\checkindate\hfil}% + \def\@oddhead{}% + \def\@evenhead{}% + \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \let\sectionmark\@gobble + \let\subsectionmark\@gobble +}% +\let\@oddhead\@empty +\let\@evenhead\@empty +\let\@oddfoot\@empty +\let\@evenfoot\@empty +\def\lastpage@putlabel{% + \if@filesw + \begingroup + \advance\c@page\m@ne + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\newlabel{LastPage}{{}{\thepage}{}{}{}}}% + \endgroup + \fi +}% +\appdef\clear@document{% + \do@output@cclv{% + \lastpage@putlabel + \tally@box@size@sw{\total@text}{}% + }% +}% +\providecommand\write@column@totals{}% +\appdef\rtx@require@packages{% + \RequirePackage{url}% +}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \incompatible@package{cite}% + \incompatible@package{mcite}% + \incompatible@package{multicol}% +}% +\def\labelenumi{\theenumi.} +\def\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}} +\def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)} +\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}} +\def\p@enumii{\theenumi} +\def\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.} +\def\theenumiii{\roman{enumiii}} +\def\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)} +\def\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.} +\def\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}} +\def\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii} +\def\labelitemi{\textbullet} +\def\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries\textendash} +\def\labelitemiii{\textasteriskcentered} +\def\labelitemiv{\textperiodcentered} +\pagenumbering{arabic} +\setcounter{topnumber}{2} +\def\topfraction{.9} +\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1} +\def\bottomfraction{.9} +\setcounter{totalnumber}{3} +\def\textfraction{.1} +\def\floatpagefraction{.9} +\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2} +\def\dbltopfraction{.9} +\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.9} +\newenvironment{verse}{% + \let\\=\@centercr + \list{}{% + \itemsep\z@ \itemindent -1.5em\listparindent \itemindent + \rightmargin\leftmargin\advance\leftmargin 1.5em}\item[]% +}{% + \endlist +}% +\newenvironment{quotation}{% + \list{}{% + \listparindent 1.5em + \itemindent\listparindent + \rightmargin\leftmargin \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}\item[]% +}{% + \endlist +}% +\newenvironment{quote}{% + \list{}{% + \rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[]% +}{% + \endlist +}% +\def\descriptionlabel#1{% + \hspace\labelsep \normalfont\bfseries #1\unskip:% +}% +\newenvironment{description}{% + \list{}{% + \labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin + \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel + }% +}{% + \endlist +}% +\newcounter{part}% +\let\thepart\@undefined +\newcounter{section}% +\let\thesection\@undefined +\newcounter{subsection}[section]% +\let\thesubsection\@undefined +\newcounter{subsubsection}[subsection]% +\let\thesubsubsection\@undefined +\newcounter{paragraph}[subsubsection]% +\let\theparagraph\@undefined +\newcounter{subparagraph}[paragraph]% +\let\thesubparagraph\@undefined +\def\secnums@rtx{% + \@ifxundefined\thepart{% + \def\thepart{\Roman{part}}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\thesection{% + \def\thesection {\Roman{section}}% + \def\p@section {}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\thesubsection{% + \def\thesubsection {\Alph{subsection}}% + \def\p@subsection {\thesection\,}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\thesubsubsection{% + \def\thesubsubsection {\arabic{subsubsection}}% + \def\p@subsubsection {\thesection\,\thesubsection\,}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\theparagraph{% + \def\theparagraph {\alph{paragraph}}% + \def\p@paragraph {\thesection\,\thesubsection\,\thesubsubsection\,}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\thesubparagraph{% + \def\thesubparagraph {\arabic{subparagraph}}% + \def\p@subparagraph {\thesection\,\thesubsection\,\thesubsubsection\,\theparagraph\,}% + }{}% +}% +\def\secnums@arabic{% + \@ifxundefined\thepart{% + \def\thepart {\Roman{part}}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\thesection{% + \def\thesection {\Roman{section}}% + \def\p@section {}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\thesubsection{% + \def\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}% + \def\p@subsection {}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\thesubsubsection{% + \def\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}}% + \def\p@subsubsection {}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\theparagraph{% + \def\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}% + \def\p@paragraph {}% + }{}% + \@ifxundefined\thesubparagraph{% + \def\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}% + \def\p@subparagraph {}% + }{}% +}% +\newenvironment{acknowledgments}{% + \acknowledgments@sw{% + \expandafter\section\expandafter*\expandafter{\acknowledgmentsname}% + }{% + \par + \phantomsection + \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}\acknowledgmentsname}% + }% +}{% + \par +}% +\@booleantrue\acknowledgments@sw +\newenvironment{acknowledgements}{% + \replace@environment{acknowledgements}{acknowledgments}% +}{% + \endacknowledgments +}% +\def\part{\par + \addvspace{4ex}% + \@afterindentfalse + \secdef\@part\@spart}% +\def\@part[#1]#2{% + \@ifnum{\c@secnumdepth >\m@ne}{% + \refstepcounter{part}% + \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}% + }{% + \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}% + }% + \begingroup + \parindent \z@ \raggedright + \interlinepenalty\@M + \@ifnum{\c@secnumdepth >\m@ne}{% + \Large \bf \partname~\thepart% + \par\nobreak + }{}% + \huge \bf + #2% + \markboth{}{}\par + \endgroup + \nobreak + \vskip 3ex + \@afterheading +}% +\def\@spart#1{{\parindent \z@ \raggedright + \interlinepenalty\@M + \huge \bf + #1\par} + \nobreak + \vskip 3ex + \@afterheading} +\def\section{% + \@startsection + {section}% + {1}% + {\z@}% + {0.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {0.5cm}% + {\normalfont\small\bfseries}% +}% +\def\subsection{% + \@startsection + {subsection}% + {2}% + {\z@}% + {.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {.5cm}% + {\normalfont\small\bfseries}% +}% +\def\subsubsection{% + \@startsection + {subsubsection}% + {3}% + {\z@}% + {.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {.5cm}% + {\normalfont\small\itshape}% +}% +\def\paragraph{% + \@startsection + {paragraph}% + {4}% + {\parindent}% + {\z@}% + {-1em}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}% +}% +\def\subparagraph{% + \@startsection + {subparagraph}% + {5}% + {\parindent}% + {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% + {-1em}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}% +}% +\def\theequation{% + \theequation@prefix\arabic{equation}% +}% +\def\theequation@prefix{}% +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4} +\lineskip 1pt +\normallineskip 1pt +\def\baselinestretch{1}% +\@lowpenalty 51 +\@medpenalty 151 +\@highpenalty 301 +\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty +\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty +\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty +\arraycolsep 3pt +\tabcolsep 2pt +\arrayrulewidth .4pt +\doublerulesep 2pt +\skip\@mpfootins = 0pt +\fboxsep = 3.0pt +\fboxrule = 0.4pt +\newenvironment{figure} + {\@float{figure}} + {\end@float} +\newenvironment{figure*} + {\@dblfloat{figure}} + {\end@dblfloat} +\def\listoffigures{\print@toc{lof}}% +\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}% +\newlength\abovecaptionskip +\newlength\belowcaptionskip +\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@} +\setlength\belowcaptionskip{2\p@} +\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{% + \par + \vskip\abovecaptionskip + \begingroup + \small\rmfamily + \sbox\@tempboxa{% + \let\\\heading@cr + \@make@capt@title{#1}{#2}% + }% + \@ifdim{\wd\@tempboxa >\hsize}{% + \begingroup + \samepage + \flushing + \let\footnote\@footnotemark@gobble + \@make@capt@title{#1}{#2}\par + \endgroup + }{% + \global \@minipagefalse + \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil}% + }% + \endgroup + \vskip\belowcaptionskip +}% +\def\@make@capt@title#1#2{% + \@ifx@empty\float@link{\@firstofone}{\expandafter\href\expandafter{\float@link}}% + {#1}\@caption@fignum@sep#2% +}% +\def\@footnotemark@gobble{% + \@footnotemark + \@ifnextchar[{\@gobble@opt@i}{\@gobble}% +}% +\def\@gobble@opt@i[#1]#2{}% +\def\@mpmakefntext#1{% + \flushing + \parindent=1em + \noindent + \hb@xt@1em{\hss\@makefnmark}% + #1% +}% +\def\@caption@fignum@sep{. }% +\def\setfloatlink{\def\float@link}% +\let\float@link\@empty +\newcounter{figure} +\renewcommand \thefigure {\@arabic\c@figure} +\def\fps@figure{tbp} +\def\ftype@figure{1} +\def\ext@figure{lof} +\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure} +\expandafter\newbox\csname fbox@\ftype@figure\endcsname +\expandafter\setbox\csname fbox@\ftype@figure\endcsname\hbox{}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \do@if@floats{figure}{.fgx}% +}% +\appdef\class@enddocumenthook{% + \printfigures\relax +}% +\newcommand\printfigures{% + \@ifstar{\true@sw}{\floatp@sw{\true@sw}{\false@sw}}% + {% + \print@float{figure}{\oneapage}% + }{% + \print@float{figure}{}% + }% +}% +\appdef\@xfloat@prep{% + \appdef\@parboxrestore{\centering}% +}% +\newenvironment{table} + {\@float{table}} + {\end@float} +\newenvironment{table*} + {\@dblfloat{table}} + {\end@dblfloat} +\newcounter{table} +\renewcommand\thetable{\@Roman\c@table} +\def\fps@table{tbp} +\def\ftype@table{2} +\def\ext@table{lot} +\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable} +\expandafter\newbox\csname fbox@\ftype@table\endcsname +\expandafter\setbox\csname fbox@\ftype@table\endcsname\hbox{}% +\def\listoftables{\print@toc{lot}}% +\let\l@table\l@figure +\def\table@hook{\small}% +\def\squeezetable{\def\table@hook{\scriptsize}}% +\appdef\@floatboxreset{\table@hook}% +\def\set@table@environments{% + \floats@sw{}{% + \let@environment{longtable@float}{longtable}% + \let@environment{longtable}{longtable@write}% + \let@environment{longtable*@float}{longtable*}% + \let@environment{longtable*}{longtable*@write}% + \let@environment{turnpage@float}{turnpage}% + \let@environment{turnpage}{turnpage@write}% + }% + \do@if@floats{table}{.tbx}% +}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \set@table@environments +}% +\appdef\class@enddocumenthook{% + \printtables\relax +}% +\newenvironment{longtable@write}{% + \write@@float{longtable}{table}% +}{% + \endwrite@float +}% +\newenvironment{longtable*@write}{% + \write@@float{longtable*}{table}% +}{% + \endwrite@float +}% +\newenvironment{turnpage@write}{% + \immediate\write\tablewrite{\string\begin{turnpage}}% +}{% + \immediate\write\tablewrite{\string\end{turnpage}}% +}% +\newcommand\printtables{% + \begingroup + \let@environment{longtable}{longtable@float}% + \let@environment{longtable*}{longtable*@float}% + \let@environment{turnpage}{turnpage@anchored}% + \prepdef\longtable{\trigger@float@par}% + \expandafter\prepdef\csname longtable*\endcsname{\trigger@float@par}% + \expandafter\prepdef\csname table@floats\endcsname{% + \onecolumngrid@push + }% + \expandafter\appdef\csname endtable@floats\endcsname{% + \onecolumngrid@pop + }% + \@ifstar{\true@sw}{\floatp@sw{\true@sw}{\false@sw}}% + {% + \print@float{table}{\oneapage}% + }{% + \print@float{table}{}% + }% + \endgroup +}% +\newenvironment{turnpage@anchored}{% + \onecolumngrid@push + \setbox\z@\vbox to\textwidth\bgroup + \columnwidth\textheight +}{% + \vfil + \egroup + \rotatebox{90}{\box\z@}% + \onecolumngrid@pop +}% +\newenvironment{video} + {\@float{video}} + {\end@float}% +\newenvironment{video*} + {\@dblfloat{video}} + {\end@dblfloat}% +\newcounter{video} +\renewcommand \thevideo {\@arabic\c@video} +\def\ext@video{lov}% +\def\fname@video{Video}% +\def\lovname{List of Videos}% +\def\fps@video{tbp}% +\def\ftype@video{4}% +\def\fnum@video{\fname@video~\thevideo}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \@ifxundefined\c@float@type{}{% + \global\setcounter{float@type}{8}% + }% +}% +\expandafter\newbox\csname fbox@\ftype@video\endcsname +\expandafter\setbox\csname fbox@\ftype@video\endcsname\hbox{}% +\let\theHvideo\thevideo +\def\listofvideos{\print@toc{lov}}% +\let\l@video\l@figure +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \do@if@floats{video}{.vdx}% +}% +\appdef\class@enddocumenthook{% + \printvideos\relax +}% +\newcommand\printvideos{% + \@ifstar{\true@sw}{\floatp@sw{\true@sw}{\false@sw}}% + {% + \print@float{video}{\oneapage}% + }{% + \print@float{video}{}% + }% +}% +\def\endtabular@hook{}% +\appdef\document@inithook{% + \@ifpackageloaded{dcolumn}{% + \expandafter\@ifnotrelax\csname NC@find@d\endcsname{}{% + \newcolumntype{d}{D{.}{.}{-1}}% + }% + }{}% +}% +\def\toprule{\hline\hline}% +\def\colrule{\hline}% +\def\botrule{\hline\hline}% +\newenvironment{ruledtabular}{% + \def\array@default{v}% + \appdef\tabular@hook{\def\@halignto{to\hsize}}% + \let\tableft@skip@default\tableft@skip + \let\tableft@skip\tableft@skip@float + \let\tabmid@skip@default\tabmid@skip + \let\tabmid@skip\tabmid@skip@float + \let\tabright@skip@default\tabright@skip + \let\tabright@skip\tabright@skip@float + \let\array@row@pre@default\array@row@pre + \let\array@row@pre\array@row@pre@float + \let\array@row@pst@default\array@row@pst + \let\array@row@pst\array@row@pst@float + \appdef\array@row@rst{% + \let\array@row@pre\array@row@pre@default + \let\array@row@pst\array@row@pst@default + \let\tableft@skip\tableft@skip@default + \let\tabmid@skip\tabmid@skip@default + \let\tabright@skip\tabright@skip@default + \appdef\tabular@hook{\let\@halignto\@empty}% + }% +}{% +}% +\def\@makefntext#1{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \parindent1em% + \noindent + \hb@xt@1.8em{% + \hss\@makefnmark + }% + #1% + \par +}% +\def\@makefnmark{% + \hbox{% + \@textsuperscript{% + \normalfont\@thefnmark + }% + }% +}% +\expandafter\DeclareRobustCommand +\expandafter\rev@citet +\expandafter{% + \expandafter\begingroup + \expandafter\rtx@swap@citea + \expandafter\g@bblefirsttoken + \csname citet \endcsname +}% +\expandafter\DeclareRobustCommand +\expandafter\rev@citealp +\expandafter{% + \expandafter\begingroup + \expandafter\rtx@swap@citea + \expandafter\g@bblefirsttoken + \csname citealp \endcsname +}% +\expandafter\DeclareRobustCommand +\expandafter\rev@citealpnum +\expandafter{% + \expandafter\begingroup + \expandafter\rtx@swap@citenum + \expandafter\g@bblefirsttoken + \csname citealp \endcsname +}% +\def\rtx@swap@citenum{% + \rtx@swap@citea + \let\@cite\NAT@citenum + \let\NAT@mbox\mbox + \let\citeyear\NAT@citeyear + \let\NAT@space\NAT@spacechar +}% +\def\g@bblefirsttoken{% + \expandafter\true@sw + \expandafter\@empty +}% +\newcommand\rtx@citesuper[3]{% + \ifNAT@swa + \leavevmode + \unskip + \textsuperscript{\normalfont#1}% + \if*#3*\else\ (#3)\fi + \else + #1% + \fi + \endgroup +}% +\def\@makefnmark@cite{\begingroup\NAT@swatrue\@cite{{\@thefnmark}}{}{}}% +\def\rtx@bibsection{% + \@ifx@empty\refname{% + \par + }{% + \expandafter\section\expandafter*\expandafter{\refname}% + \@nobreaktrue + }% +}% +\def\rtx@swap@citea{% + \let\NAT@def@citea\rtx@def@citea + \let\NAT@def@citea@close\rtx@def@citea@close + \let\NAT@def@citea@box\rtx@def@citea@box +}% +\def\rtx@def@citea{% + \def\@citea{\NAT@separator\NAT@space}% + \advance\c@NAT@ctr\@ne + \@ifnum{\count@>\tw@}{% + \@ifnum{\c@NAT@ctr=\count@}{\appdef\@citea{\NAT@conj\NAT@space}}{}% + }{% + \def\@citea{\NAT@space\NAT@conj\NAT@space}% + }% +}% +\def\rtx@def@citea@close{% + \rtx@def@citea + \prepdef\@citea{\NAT@@close}% +}% +\def\rtx@def@citea@box{% + \rtx@def@citea@close + \expandafter\def\expandafter\@citea\expandafter{\expandafter\NAT@mbox\expandafter{\@citea}}% +}% +\def\NAT@conj{and}% +\def\NAT@BibitemShut#1{% + \def\@bibstop{#1}% + \let\bibitem@Stop\bibitemStop + \let\bibitem@NoStop\bibitemNoStop + \@ifx{\bibitemShut\relax}{\let\@bibitemShut\@empty}{% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\@bibitemShut\expandafter{\bibitemShut}% + }% +}% +\def\BibitemShut@ltx#1{% + \unskip + \def\@bibstop{#1}% + \let\bibitem@Stop\bibitemStop + \let\bibitem@NoStop\bibitemNoStop + \@ifx{\bibitemShut\relax}{\let\@bibitemShut\@empty}{% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\@bibitemShut\expandafter{\bibitemShut}% + }% +}% +\newenvironment{thebibliography}{}{}% +\let\@listi\@empty +\appdef\rtx@require@packages{% + \RequirePackage[sort&compress]{natbib}[2009/11/07 8.31a (PWD, AO)]% + \let@environment{NAT@thebibliography}{thebibliography}% + \let@environment{thebibliography}{rtx@thebibliography}% + \let\bibliographystyle@latex\bibliographystyle + \let\NAT@citesuper\rtx@citesuper +\let\bibsection\rtx@bibsection +\let\NATx@bibsetnum\NAT@bibsetnum +\def\NAT@bibsetnum#1{% + \setlength{\topsep}{\z@}% + \NATx@bibsetnum{\ref{LastBibItem}}% +}% +\let\NATx@bibsetup\NAT@bibsetup +\def\NAT@bibsetup{% + \setlength{\labelwidth}{\z@}% + \setlength{\labelsep}{\z@}% + \setlength{\itemindent}{\z@}% + \setlength{\listparindent}{\z@}% + \setlength{\topsep}{\z@}% + \setlength{\parsep}{\z@}% + \NATx@bibsetup +}% +\let\bibpreamble\@empty +\def\newblock{\ }% +\let\NATx@bibnumfmt\bibnumfmt +\def\bibnumfmt{\place@bibnumber}% +\let\NAT@merge\thr@@ +\let\NAT@citeyear\citeyear +\let\onlinecite\rev@citealp +\let\textcite\rev@citet +\@ifx{\BibitemShut\NAT@BibitemShut}{% + \class@info{Repairing natbib's \string\BibitemShut}% + \let\BibitemShut\BibitemShut@ltx +}{}% +\let\bibliographystyle@latex\bibliographystyle +\def\bibliographystyle{\@booleantrue\bibliographystyle@sw\def\@bibstyle}% +\@booleanfalse\bibliographystyle@sw +\def\NAT@bibitem@cont{% + \let\bibitem@Stop\bibitemContinue@Stop + \let\bibitem@NoStop\bibitemContinue +}% +\def\bibitemNoStop{% + \@ifx@empty\@bibitemShut{.\spacefactor\@mmm\space}{\@bibitemShut}% +}% +\def\bibitemContinue{% + \@ifx@empty\@bibitemShut{;\spacefactor\@mmm\space}{\@bibitemShut}% +}% +\def\bibitemContinue@Stop{% + \@ifx@empty\@bibitemShut{\spacefactor\@mmm\space}{\@bibitemShut}% +}% +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\onlinecite{\@onlinecite}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\textcite{\@textcite}% +\let\bibliography@latex\bibliography +\def\bibliography#1{% + \auto@bib@empty + \begingroup + \let\auto@bib@innerbib\@empty + \@ifx@empty{\pre@bibdata}{% + \bibliography@latex{#1}% + }{% + \@if@empty{#1}{% + \expandafter\bibliography@latex\expandafter{\pre@bibdata}% + }{% + \expandafter\bibliography@latex\expandafter{\pre@bibdata,#1}% + }% + }% + \endgroup +}% +\let\pre@bibdata\@empty +\newenvironment{rtx@thebibliography}[1]{% + \NAT@thebibliography{#1}% + \let\@TBN@opr\present@bibnote + \@FMN@list +}{% + \auto@bib@innerbib + \edef\@currentlabel{\arabic{NAT@ctr}}% + \label{LastBibItem}% + \endNAT@thebibliography + \aftergroup\auto@bib@empty +}% +\def\present@bibnote#1#2{% + \item[% + \textsuperscript{% + \normalfont + \Hy@raisedlink{\hyper@anchorstart{frontmatter.#1}\hyper@anchorend}% + \begingroup + \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname#1\relax + \frontmatter@thefootnote + \endgroup + }% + ]#2\par +}% +\def\write@bibliographystyle{% + \@ifxundefined\@bibstyle{}{% + \expandafter\bibliographystyle@latex\expandafter{\@bibstyle}% + \bibliographystyle@sw{}{\@bibdataout@rev}% + }% + \global\let\write@bibliographystyle\relax +}% +\AtEndDocument{\write@bibliographystyle}% +\def\rtx@@citetp[#1]{\@ifnextchar[{\rtx@citex[#1]}{\rtx@citex[][#1]}}% +\def\rtx@citex[#1][#2]#3{% + \begingroup + \def\@tempa{[#1][#2]{#3}}% + \@ifx{\@cite\NAT@citesuper}{% + \leavevmode + \skip@\lastskip + \unskip + \super@cite@let + }{% + \super@cite@end + }% +}% +\def\super@cite@let{% + \futurelet\@let@token\super@cite@check +}% +\def\super@cite@end{% + \aftergroup\@citex\expandafter\endgroup\@tempa +}% +\def\super@cite@check{% + \@ifx{\@let@token\@sptoken}{% + \super@cite@end + }{% + \super@cite@swap + }% +}% +\long\def\super@cite@swap#1{% + \expandafter\@ifx\expandafter{\csname rtx@automove#1\endcsname\@empty}{% + #1% + \super@cite@let + }{% + \super@cite@end + #1% + }% +}% +\expandafter\let\csname rtx@automove.\endcsname\@empty +\expandafter\let\csname rtx@automove,\endcsname\@empty +\expandafter\let\csname rtx@automove:\endcsname\@empty +\expandafter\let\csname rtx@automove;\endcsname\@empty +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \citeautoscript@sw{% + \@ifx{\@cite\NAT@citesuper}{% + \let\NAT@@citetp\rtx@@citetp + }{}% + }{}% +}% +\def\mini@note{\save@note\mini@notes}%Implicit #2 +\def\save@note#1#2{% + \stepcounter\@mpfn + \protected@xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}% + \@footnotemark + \expandafter\g@addto@macro + \expandafter#1% + \expandafter{% + \expandafter \@@footnotetext + \expandafter {\@thefnmark}{#2}% + }% +}% +\long\def\@@footnotetext#1{\def\@thefnmark{#1}\@footnotetext}% +\let\mini@notes\@empty +\def\rev@citemark#1{% + \expandafter\cite\expandafter{\@thefnmark}% +}% +\def\rev@endtext#1{% + \let\@endnotelabel\@thefnmark + \@endnotetext +}% +\def\endnote@ext{.end}% +\def\bibdata@app{Notes}% +\def\bibdata@ext{bib}% +\long\def\@endnotetext#1{% + \begingroup + \endnote@relax + \immediate\write\@bibdataout{% + @FOOTNOTE{% + \@endnotelabel,% + key="\@endnotelabel",% + note="#1"% + }% + }% + \endgroup +}% +\newwrite\@bibdataout +\def\endnote@relax{% + \let\label\relax \let\index\relax \let\glossary\relax + \let\cite \relax \let\ref \relax \let\pageref \relax + \let\( \relax \let\) \relax \let\\ \relax + \let~\relax + \let \protect \@unexpandable@protect + \newlinechar`\^^M% + \let\begin\relax \let\end\relax +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{\@bibdataout@init}% +\def\@bibdataout@init{% + \immediate\openout\@bibdataout\pre@bibdata.\bibdata@ext\relax +}% +\def\@bibdataout@rev{% + \immediate\write\@bibdataout{% + @CONTROL{% + REVTEX41Control% + \eprint@enable@sw{}{,eprint=""}% + }% + }% + \if@filesw + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{REVTEX41Control}}% + \fi +}% +\def\printendnotes{% + \class@warn{The \string\printendnotes\space command no longer serves any function. Please remove it from your document.}% +}% +\def\make@footnote@endnote{% + \footinbib@sw{% + \authoryear@sw{}{% + \ltx@footnote@push + \def\thempfn{Note\thefootnote}% + \let\ltx@footmark\rev@citemark + \let\ltx@foottext\rev@endtext + }% + }{}% +}% +\def\ltx@footnote@push{% + \let\ltx@footmark@latex\ltx@footmark + \let\ltx@foottext@latex\ltx@foottext + \let\thempfn@latex\thempfn + \def\ltx@footnote@pop{% + \let\ltx@footmark\ltx@footmark@latex + \let\ltx@foottext\ltx@foottext@latex + \let\thempfn\thempfn@latex + }% +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \make@footnote@endnote +}% +\def\auto@bib{% + \@ifx@empty\@FMN@list{% + \footinbib@sw{% + \@ifnum{\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname>\z@}{% + \true@sw + }{% + \test@bbl@sw + }% + }{% + \test@bbl@sw + }% + }{% + \true@sw + }% + {% + \bibliography{}% + }{}% +}% +\def\auto@bib@empty{% + \let\auto@bib\@empty +}% +\def\test@bbl@sw{% + \setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup + \let\providecommand\providecommand@j@nk + \let\bibfield\@gobbletwo + \let\bibinfo\@gobbletwo + \let\translation\@gobble + \let\BibitemOpen\@empty + \let\bibitemStop\@empty + \let\bibitemNoStop\@empty + \let\EOS\@empty + \let\BibitemShut\@gobble + \let\bibAnnoteFile\@gobbletwo + \let\bibAnnote\@gobblethree + \let\textbf\@gobble + \let\emph\@gobble + \@booleanfalse\bibitem@sw + \let\bibitem\bibitem@set + \auto@bib@innerbib + \bibitem@sw{\aftergroup\true@sw}{\aftergroup\false@sw}% + \egroup +}% +\newcommand\bibitem@set[1][]{% + \bibitem@sw{}{% + \@booleantrue\bibitem@sw + \aftergroup\@booleantrue\aftergroup\bibitem@sw + }% +}% +\def\auto@bib@innerbib{% + \begingroup + \let@environment{thebibliography}{thebibliography@nogroup}% + \bibliography{}% + \endgroup +}% +\def\thebibliography@nogroup#1{% + \endgroup + \def\@currenvir{thebibliography}% +}% +\def\endthebibliography@nogroup{\begingroup}% +\long\def \@gobblethree #1#2#3{}% +\def\providecommand@j@nk#1[#2]{% + \@ifnum{#2=\z@}{\def\j@nk}{% + \@ifnum{#2=\@ne}{\def\j@nk##1}{% + \@ifnum{#2=\tw@}{\def\j@nk##1##2}{% + \@ifnum{#2=\thr@@}{\def\j@nk##1##2##3}{% + }% + }% + }% + }% +}% +\def\thepage{\@arabic\c@page}% +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \tabbingsep \labelsep + \leftmargin\leftmargini + \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep + \let\@listi\@listI + \@listi +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \global\c@page\@ne + \def\curr@envir{document}% + \mark@envir{\curr@envir}% +}% +\def\open@onecolumn{% + \open@column@one\@ne + \set@colht + \@floatplacement + \@dblfloatplacement +}% +\def\open@twocolumn{% + \open@column@mlt\tw@ + \set@colht + \@floatplacement + \@dblfloatplacement + \sloppy + \let\set@listindent\set@listindent@ +}% +\def\appendix{% + \par + \setcounter{section}\z@ + \setcounter{subsection}\z@ + \setcounter{subsubsection}\z@ + \def\thesubsection{\arabic{subsection}}% + \def\thesubsubsection{\alph{subsubsection}}% + \@addtoreset{equation}{section}% + \def\theequation@prefix{\thesection}% + \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\appendix}% + \@ifstar{% + \def\thesection{\unskip}% + \def\theequation@prefix{A.}% + }{% + \def\thesection{\Alph{section}}% + }% +}% +\def\title@column#1{% + \minipagefootnote@init + #1% + \minipagefootnote@foot +}% +\def\close@column{% + \newpage +}% +\def\galley@outdent{\rightmargin-\columnwidth\advance\rightmargin-\columnsep}% +\let\widetext@outdent\@empty +\newenvironment{widetext@galley}{% + \list{}{% + \topsep \z@skip + \listparindent \parindent + \itemindent \parindent + \leftmargin \z@ + \parsep \z@\@plus\p@ + \widetext@outdent + \relax + }% + \item\relax +}{ + \endlist +}% +\def\title@column@grid#1{% + \minipagefootnote@init + \onecolumngrid + \begingroup + \let\@footnotetext\frontmatter@footnotetext + \ltx@no@footnote + #1% + \endgroup + \twocolumngrid + \minipagefootnote@foot +}% +\def\close@column@grid{% + \balancelastpage@sw{% + \onecolumngrid + }{}% +}% +\newenvironment{widetext@grid}{% + \par\ignorespaces + \setbox\widetext@top\vbox{% + \hb@xt@\hsize{% + \leaders\hrule\hfil + \vrule\@height6\p@ + }% + }% + \setbox\widetext@bot\hb@xt@\hsize{% + \vrule\@depth6\p@ + \leaders\hrule\hfil + }% + \onecolumngrid + \vskip10\p@ + \dimen@\ht\widetext@top\advance\dimen@\dp\widetext@top + \cleaders\box\widetext@top\vskip\dimen@ + \vskip6\p@ + \prep@math@patch +}{% + \par + \vskip6\p@ + \setbox\widetext@bot\vbox{% + \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\widetext@bot}% + }% + \dimen@\ht\widetext@bot\advance\dimen@\dp\widetext@bot + \cleaders\box\widetext@bot\vskip\dimen@ + \vskip8.5\p@ + \twocolumngrid\global\@ignoretrue + \@endpetrue +}% +\newbox\widetext@top +\newbox\widetext@bot +\def\set@page@grid{% + \twocolumn@sw{% + \let\set@footnotewidth\set@footnotewidth@two + \let\compose@footnotes\compose@footnotes@two + \let@environment{widetext}{widetext@grid}% + \let\title@column\title@column@grid + \let\close@column\close@column@grid + }{% + \let@environment{widetext}{widetext@galley}% + \preprintsty@sw{% + }{% + \galley@sw{% + \let\widetext@outdent\galley@outdent + }{}% + }% + }% +}% +\appdef\setup@hook{\set@page@grid}% +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc} +\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal} +\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal} +\def\today{\ifcase\month\or + January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or + July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi + \space\number\day, \number\year} +\def\partname{Part} +\def\tocname{Contents} +\def\lofname{List of Figures} +\def\lotname{List of Tables} +\def\refname{References} +\def\indexname{Index} +\def\figurename{FIG.} +\def\figuresname{Figures}% +\def\tablename{TABLE} +\def\tablesname{Tables}% +\def\abstractname{Abstract} +\def\appendixesname{Appendixes}% +\def\appendixname{Appendix}% +\def\acknowledgmentsname{Acknowledgments} +\def\journalname{??} +\def\copyrightname{??} +\def\andname{and} +\def\@pacs@name{PACS numbers: }% +\def\@keys@name{Keywords: }% +\def\ppname{pp} +\def\numbername{number} +\def\volumename{volume} +\def\Dated@name{Dated: }% +\def\Received@name{Received }% +\def\Revised@name{Revised }% +\def\Accepted@name{Accepted }% +\def\Published@name{Published }% +\def\address{\replace@command\address\affiliation}% +\def\altaddress{\replace@command\altaddress\altaffiliation}% +\newenvironment{references}{% + \class@warn@end{The references environment is not supported; use thebibliography instead.} + \gdef\references{\thebibliography{}}\references +}{% + \endthebibliography +}% +\def\draft{% + \class@warn@end{Command \string\draft\space is obsolete;^^JInvoke option draft instead.}% + \@booleantrue\draft@sw +}% +\def\tighten{% + \class@warn@end{Command \string\tighten\space is obsolete;^^JInvoke option tightenlines instead.}% + \@booleantrue\tightenlines@sw +}% +\def\tableline{% + \noalign{% + \class@warn@end{Command \string\tableline\space is obsolete;^^JUse \string\colrule\space instead.}% + \global\let\tableline\colrule + }% + \tableline +}% +\def\case{\replace@command\case\frac}% +\def\slantfrac{\replace@command\slantfrac\frac}% +\def\tablenote{\replace@command\tablenote\footnote}% +\def\tablenotemark{\replace@command\tablenotemark\footnotemark}% +\def\tablenotetext{\replace@command\tablenotetext\footnotetext}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\REV@text[1]{% + \relax + \ifmmode + \mathchoice + {\hbox{{\everymath{\displaystyle }#1}}}% + {\hbox{{\everymath{\textstyle }#1}}}% + {\hbox{{\everymath{\scriptstyle }\let\f@size\sf@size\selectfont#1}}}% + {\hbox{{\everymath{\scriptscriptstyle}\let\f@size\ssf@size\selectfont#1}}}% + \glb@settings + \else + \mbox{#1}% + \fi +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\REV@bbox[1]{% + \relax + \ifmmode + \mathchoice + {\hbox{{\everymath{\displaystyle }\boldmath$#1$}}}% + {\hbox{{\everymath{\textstyle }\boldmath$#1$}}}% + {\hbox{{\everymath{\scriptstyle }\boldmath$#1$}}}% + {\hbox{{\everymath{\scriptscriptstyle}\boldmath$#1$}}}% + \glb@settings + \else + \mbox{#1}% + \fi +}% +\DeclareRobustCommand\REV@bm[1]{% + \class@warn@end{To use \string\bm, please load the bm package!}% + \global\let\bm\relax +}% +\def\FL{\obsolete@command\FL}% +\def\FR{\obsolete@command\FR}% +\def\narrowtext{\obsolete@command\narrowtext}% +\def\mediumtext{\obsolete@command\mediumtext}% +\newenvironment{quasitable}{% + \let@environment{tabular}{longtable}% +}{% +}% +\let\text\REV@text +\let\bm\REV@bm +\appdef\setup@hook{% + \providecommand\bibinfo[2]{#2}% + \providecommand\eprint[2][]{#2}% +}% +\def\bbox#1{% + \class@warn@end{\string\bbox\space is obsolete,^^Jload the bm package and use \string\bm\space instead.}% + \global\let\bbox\relax +}% +\newenvironment{mathletters}{% + \class@warn@end{Environment {mathletters} is obsolete;^^Jload the amsmath package and use {subequations}!}% + \global\let\mathletters\@empty +}{% +}% +\def\eqnum#1{% + \class@warn@end{\string\eqnum\space is obsolete, load the amsmath package and use \string\tag!}% + \global\let\eqnum\@gobble +}% +\appdef\rtx@require@packages{% + \RequirePackage{revsymb4-1}% +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{\revsymb@inithook}% +\def\@LN@LLerror@org{% + \PackageError{lineno}{% + \string\linelabel\space without \string\linenumbers + }{% + Just see documentation. (New feature v4.11)% + }% + \@gobble +}% +\def\@LN@LLerror@ltx{% + \PackageWarning{lineno}{% + To make the \string\linelabel\space command work, you must issue the \string\linenumbers\ command + }% + \@gobble +}% +\appdef\class@documenthook{% + \@ifx{\@LN@LLerror\@LN@LLerror@org}{% + \class@info{Overriding \string\@LN@LLerror}% + \let\@LN@LLerror\@LN@LLerror@ltx + }{}% + \@ifpackageloaded{lineno}{% + \@ifxundefined{\set@linepenalties}{}{% + \def\prep@absbox{\set@linepenalties}% + \def\post@absbox{\let\@LN@parpgbrk\@empty\@linenumberpar}% + }% + }{}% +}% +\appdef\rtx@require@packages{% + \InputIfFileExists{\jobname.rty}{}{}% +}% +\@parse@class@options@society +\@process@society{aps}% +\@parse@class@options@\@journal +\expandafter\@process@journal\expandafter{\@journal@default}% +\@parse@class@options@\@pointsize +\expandafter\@process@pointsize\expandafter{\@pointsize@default}% +\@options +\rtx@require@packages +\setup@hook +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `revtex4-1.cls'. Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.MDfields/MDfields.tex =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.MDfields/MDfields.tex (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.MDfields/MDfields.tex (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +\documentclass[iop,floatfix]{emulateapj} +% \pdfoutput=1 + +% see latex.readme.txt for notes on using the PS1 template +%\documentclass[12pt,preprint]{aastex} +%\documentclass[manuscript]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2,longabstract]{aastex} +\RequirePackage{color} +\input{astro.sty} + +% online version may use color, but print version needs b/w +\def\plotmode{col} +%\def\plotmode{bw} + +% arxiv needs PDF graphics, but publishers mostly was PS +%\def\plotext{pdf} +\def\plotext{ps} + +% use this to make the figure picture path flexible: +%\def\picdir{PATH} +\def\picdir{ALTPATH} + +% Pick a terse version of the title here; +\shorttitle{PS1 MD Fields} +\shortauthors{ et al} +\begin{document} +\title{Pan-STARRS Medium Deep Fields} + +% this is a crude trick to get the order of affiliations right. These +% names are used in the affiliations below. The user needs to (1) set +% the order and numbers to have the correct sequence in the author +% list and (2) re-order the list at the bottom (and comment-out as needed) +\def\IfA{1} +\def\CfA{2} +\def\MPIA{3} +\def\Princeton{3} +\def\USNO{4} +\def\JHU{1} + +% This example has a first author from UH: +\author{ +M. E. Huber,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +IPP Team, +%PS Builder List +% W.~S. Burgett,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K.~C. Chambers,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% L. Denneau,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. Draper,\altaffilmark{\DUR} +% H.~A. Flewelling,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% T. Grav,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J. N. Heasley,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K. W. Hodapp,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% M. E. Huber,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. Jedicke,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Kaiser,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R.-P. Kudritzki,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% G. A. Luppino,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. H. Lupton,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% E. A. Magnier,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Metcalfe,\altaffilmark{\DUH} +% D. G. Monet,\altaffilmark{\USNO} +% J.~S. Morgan,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. M. Onaka,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P.~A. Price,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% C.~W. Stubbs,\altaffilmark{\CfA} +% W.~E. Sweeney,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J.~L. Tonry, \altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. J. Wainscoat,\altaffilmark{\IfA} and +% C. Z. Waters,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +} % this bracket terminates author list + +% The ordering here should be sequential, matching the sequence in the list of authors: +\altaffiltext{\IfA}{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +% \altaffiltext{\CfA}{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138} +% \altaffiltext{\Princeton}{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\USNO}{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\JHU}{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\MPIA}{Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K\"onigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany} +\begin{abstract} + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum +bibendum nisi id tristique posuere. Duis eu mollis nulla. Maecenas est +turpis, mattis tempor urna vitae, placerat rhoncus sem. Lorem ipsum +dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed quis velit +nisl. Aliquam erat volutpat. Cras lacinia, nisl tristique auctor +molestie, dolor nulla rhoncus purus, ac accumsan nunc nunc ac +nibh. Maecenas vitae mollis mauris. Ut sollicitudin pulvinar purus, +eget luctus lorem tincidunt vitae. Vestibulum eu mattis neque. Nulla +in tortor id urna dapibus gravida a vel leo. + +\end{abstract} + +% insert additional keywords as appropriate: +\keywords{Surveys:\PSONE } + +\section{OUTLINE} +\begin{verbatim} +Intro + Pan-STARRS background +\end{verbatim} + +\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} + +\section{Discussion} + +\section{Conclusion} + +\end{document} Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.MDfields/Makefile =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.MDfields/Makefile (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.MDfields/Makefile (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.16 2006-01-16 01:11:40 eugene Exp $ + +help: + @echo "USAGE: make (target)" + @echo " targets: all MDfields" + +all: MDfields.pdf + +MDFIELDS = MDfields.tex + +# pics/Metadata.ps +# pics/earthrot.ps + +MDfields.pdf: $(MDFIELDS) + +MDfields.ps: $(MDFIELDS) + +include ../Makefile.Common Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.analysis/Makefile =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.analysis/Makefile (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.analysis/Makefile (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.16 2006-01-16 01:11:40 eugene Exp $ + +help: + @echo "USAGE: make (target)" + @echo " targets: all analysis" + +all: analysis.pdf + +ANALYSIS = analysis.tex + +# pics/Metadata.ps +# pics/earthrot.ps + +analysis.pdf: $(ANALYSIS) + +analysis.ps: $(ANALYSIS) + +include ../Makefile.Common Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.analysis/analysis.tex =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.analysis/analysis.tex (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.analysis/analysis.tex (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,1155 @@ +\documentclass[iop,floatfix]{emulateapj} +% \pdfoutput=1 + +% see latex.readme.txt for notes on using the PS1 template +%\documentclass[12pt,preprint]{aastex} +%\documentclass[manuscript]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2,longabstract]{aastex} +\RequirePackage{color} +\input{astro.sty} + +% online version may use color, but print version needs b/w +\def\plotmode{col} +%\def\plotmode{bw} + +%\def\plotext{pdf} +\def\plotext{ps} + +%\def\picdir{/home/eugene/chipresid.20140404} +\def\picdir{/data/pikake.2/eugene/chipresid.20140404} + +% Pick a terse version of the title here; +\shorttitle{Pixel Analysis in PS1} +\shortauthors{E.A. Magnier et al} +\begin{document} +\title{Pan-STARRS Pixel Analysis : Source Detection \& Characterization} + +% this is a crude trick to get the order of affiliations right. These +% names are used in the affiliations below. The user needs to (1) set +% the order and numbers to have the correct sequence in the author +% list and (2) re-order the list at the bottom (and comment-out as needed) +\def\IfA{1} +\def\CfA{2} +\def\MPIA{3} +\def\Princeton{3} +\def\USNO{4} +\def\JHU{1} + +% This example has a first author from UH: +\author{ +Eugene A. Magnier,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +IPP Team, +%PS Builder List +% W.~S. Burgett,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K.~C. Chambers,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% L. Denneau,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. Draper,\altaffilmark{\DUR} +% H.~A. Flewelling,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% T. Grav,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J. N. Heasley,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K. W. Hodapp,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% M. E. Huber,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. Jedicke,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Kaiser,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R.-P. Kudritzki,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% G. A. Luppino,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. H. Lupton,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% E. A. Magnier,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Metcalfe,\altaffilmark{\DUH} +% D. G. Monet,\altaffilmark{\USNO} +% J.~S. Morgan,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. M. Onaka,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P.~A. Price,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% C.~W. Stubbs,\altaffilmark{\CfA} +% W.~E. Sweeney,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J.~L. Tonry, \altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. J. Wainscoat,\altaffilmark{\IfA} and +% C. Z. Waters,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +} % this bracket terminates author list + +% The ordering here should be sequential, matching the sequence in the list of authors: +\altaffiltext{\IfA}{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +% \altaffiltext{\CfA}{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138} +% \altaffiltext{\Princeton}{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\USNO}{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\JHU}{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\MPIA}{Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K\"onigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany} +\begin{abstract} + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum +bibendum nisi id tristique posuere. Duis eu mollis nulla. Maecenas est +turpis, mattis tempor urna vitae, placerat rhoncus sem. Lorem ipsum +dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed quis velit +nisl. Aliquam erat volutpat. Cras lacinia, nisl tristique auctor +molestie, dolor nulla rhoncus purus, ac accumsan nunc nunc ac +nibh. Maecenas vitae mollis mauris. Ut sollicitudin pulvinar purus, +eget luctus lorem tincidunt vitae. Vestibulum eu mattis neque. Nulla +in tortor id urna dapibus gravida a vel leo. + +\end{abstract} + +% insert additional keywords as appropriate: +\keywords{Surveys:\PSONE } + +\section{OUTLINE} +\begin{verbatim} +Intro + Pan-STARRS background + Scope: Source Detection \& Characterization, Galaxy modeling + Requirements / Goals + Comparable programs + PSPhot +\end{verbatim} + +\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} + +\note{more PS1 background} + +The Pan-STARRS Image Processing Pipeline is responsible for the basic +analysis of images from the Pan-STARRS telescopes Gigapixel Camera. +The photometric and astrometric precision goals for the all-sky +surveys, as well as the other survey components, are quite stringent: + +\begin{itemize} +\item relative photometry: 10 millimagnitudes scatter for bright stars +across the sky in the internal photometric system; + +\item relative astrometry; 10 milliarcseconds scatter for individual +stars between repeated images. + +\item absolute astrometry: 100 milliarcseconds scatter for all ICRS + reference stars (Tycho). +\end{itemize} + +An additional constraint on the Pan-STARRS system comes from the high +data rate. PS1 produces typically $\sim 700$ GB per night of imaging +data. These images range from high galactic latitudes to the Galactic +Bulge, so large numbers of measurable stars can be expected in much of +the data. The combination of the high precision goals of the +astrometric and photometric measurements and the high data rate (and a +finite computing budget) mean that the process of detecting, +classifying, and measuring the astronomical objects in the image data +stream in a timely fashion are a significant challenge. + +In order to achieve these ambitious goals, the object detection, +classification, and measurement process must be both precise and +efficient. Not only is it necessary to make a careful measurement of +the flux of individual objects, it is also critical to characterize +the image point-spread-function, and its variations across the field +and from image to image. Since comparisons between images must be +reliable, the measurements must be stable for both photometry and +astrometry. + +\subsection{Comparable Programs} + +A variety of astronomical software packages perform the basic object +detection, measurement, and classification tasks needed by the +Pan-STARRS IPP. Each of these programs have their own advantages and +disadvantages. Below we discuss some of the most widely used of these +other packages, highlighting the features of the programs which are +particularly desirable, and noting aspects of the programs which are +problematic for the IPP. + +\begin{itemize} + +\item DoPhot : analytical fitted model with aperture corrections. + pro: well-tested, stable code. con: limited range of models, + algorithm converges slowly to a PSF model, limited tests of PSF + validity, inflexible code base, fortran (P. Schechter) + +\item DAOPhot : Pixel-map PSF model with analytical component. pro: + well-tested, high-quality photometry. con: Difficult to use in an + automated fashion, does it handle 2D variations well? (P. Stetson) + +\item Sextractor : pure aperture measurement with rudimentary + object subtraction. pro: fast, widely used, easy to automate. con: + poor object separation in crowded regions, PSF-modeling is only + beta (psfex), what models are available? (E. Bertin) + +\item apphot : IRAF-based aperture photometry. pro: widely used. + con: IRAF-based, aperture photometry. (???) + +\item galfit : detailed galaxy modeling. not a multi-object PSF + analysis tool. con: does not provide a PSF model, not easily + automated. very detailed results in very slow processing. only a + galaxy analysis program. (C. Impey) + +\item SDSS phot : con: tightly integrated into the SDSS software + environment. (R. Lupton) + +\end{itemize} + +\note{re-phrase this:} The Pan-STARRS IPP team decided that none of +the existing packages met all of their needs, particularly given the +very challenging goals of the project. We decided to redesign the +photometry analysis from scratch, using the lessons learned from the +existing photometry systems. In the process, the object analysis +software would be written using the data analysis C-code library +written for the IPP, \code{psLib}, and the components of the +photometry code would be integrated into the IPP's mid-level astronomy +data analysis toolkit called \code{psModules}. The result is +'PSPhot', which can be used either as a stand-alone C program, or as +callable set of functions. + +\note{discuss the psphot program varients} + +\begin{verbatim} +Other Varients: +* psphotStack -- 5 filter simultaneous fitting +* psphotFullForce +\end{verbatim} + +\section{PSPhot Design Goals} + +PSPhot has a number of important requirements that it must meet, and a +number of design goals which we believe will help to make usable in a +wide range of circumstances. The critical requirements of the +Pan-STARRS IPP which drive the requirements for PSPhot: + +\begin{itemize} +\item {\bf 10 millimagnitude photometric accuracy}. For PSPhot, this + implies that the measured photometry of stellar objects must be + substantially better than this 10 mmag since the photometry error + per image is combined with an error in the flat-field calibration + and an error in measuring the atmospheric effects. We have set a + goal for PSPhot of 3mmag photometric consistency for bright stars + between pairs of images obtained in photometric conditions at the + same pointing, ie to remove sensitivity to flat-field errors. This + goal splits the difference between the three main contributors and + still allows some leeway. This requirement must be met for + well-sampled images and images with only modest undersampling. + +\item {\bf 10 milliarcsecond astrometric accuracy}. Relative + astrometric calibration depends on the consistency of the individual + measurements. The measurements from PSPhot must be sufficiently + representative of the true object position to enable astrometric + calibration at the 10mas level. The error in the individual + measurements will be folded together with the errors introduced by + the optical system, the effects of seeing, and by the available + reference catalogs. We have set a goal for PSPhot of 5mas + consistency between the true source postion and the measured + position given reasonable PSF variations under simulations. This + level must be reached for images with 250 mas pixels, implying + PSPhot must introduce measurement errors less than 1/50th of a + pixel. \note{the choice of F32 parameters places a numerical limit + of 1e-7 on the accuracy of a pixel relative to the size of a chip + (since a single data value is used for X or Y). For the $4800^2$ + GPC chips, this yields a limit of about 0.25 milliarcsecond.} +\end{itemize} + +The design goals for PSPhot are chosen to make the program flexible, +general, and able to meet the unknown usages cases future projects may +require: + +\begin{itemize} +\item {\bf Flexible PSF model} Different image sources require + different ways of representing the PSF. Ideally, both analytical + and pixel-based versions should be possible. + +\item {\bf PSF spatial variation} Most images result in some spatial + PSF variations at a certain level. The PSF representation should + naturally incorporate 2-D variations. + +\item {\bf Flexible non-PSF models} PSPhot must be able to represent + PSF-like objects as well as non-PSF sources. It must be easy to add + new object models as interesting representations of sources are + invented. + +\item {\bf Clean code base} PSPhot should incorporate a high-degree of + abstraction and encapsulation so that changes to the code structure + can be performed without pulling the code apart and starting from scratch. + +\item {\bf PSF validity tests} PSPhot should include the ability to + choose different types of PSF models for diffent situations, or to + provide the user with methods for assessing the different PSF models. + +\item {\bf Careful aperture corrections} PSPhot must carefully measure + and correct for the photometric and astrometric trends introduced by + using analytical PSF models. + +\item {\bf User Configurable} PSPhot should allow users to change the + options easily and to allow different approaches to the analysis. + +\end{itemize} + +\section{PSPhot Analysis Process} + +\subsection{Overview} + +The PSPhot analysis is divided into several major stages: + +\begin{itemize} +\item {\bf Image preparation} Load data, characterize the image + background, load or construct variance and mask images. + +\item {\bf Initial object detection} Smooth, find peaks, measure basic + properties + +\item {\bf PSF determination} Select PSF candidates, perform model + fits, build PSF model from fits, select best PSF model class. + +\item {\bf Bright object analysis} Fit objects with PSFs, determine + PSF validity, subtract PSF-like objects, fit non-PSF model(s), + select best model class, subtract model. + +\item {\bf Low S/N sources} Detect low-level sources, measure + properties (aperture or PSF) + +\item {\bf Aperture corrections} Measure the curve-of-growth, spatial + aperture variations, and background-error corrections. + +\item {\bf Output} Write out objects in selected format, write out + difference image, variance image, etc, as selected. +\end{itemize} + +PSPhot is highly configurable. Users may choose via the configuration +system which of the above analyses are performed. This may be useful +for testing, but may also allow for specialized use cases. For +example, the PSF model may already be available from external +information, in which case the PSF modeling stage can be skipped. + +\subsection{Image Preparation} + +The first step is to prepare the image for detection of the +astronomical objects. We need three separate images: the measured +flux (signal image), the corresponding variance image, and a mask +defining which pixels are valid and which should be ignored. The +signal and variance images are represented internally as 32-bit +floating point values. The variance and mask images may either +be provided by the user, or they may be automatically generated from +the input image, based on configuration-defined values for the image +gain, read-noise, saturation, and so forth. For the function-call +form of the program, the flux image is provided in the API, and +references to the mask and variance are provided in the configuration +information. As in the stand-alone C-program, the variance and mask may +be constructed automatically by PSPhot. + +The mask is represented as 16-bit integer image in which a value of 0 +represents a valid pixel. Each of the 16 bits define different +reasons a pixel should be ignored. This allows us to optionally +respect or ignore the mask depending on the circumstance. For +example, in some cases, we ignore saturated pixels completely while in +other circumstances, it may be useful to know the flux value of the +saturated pixel. In addition, the mask pixels are used to define the +pixels available during a model fit, and which should be ignored for +that specific fit. The initial mask, if not supplied by the user, is +constructed by default from the image by applying three rules: 1) +Pixels which are above a specified saturation level are marked as +saturated (configuration keyword: \code{SATURATE}). 2) Pixels which +are below a user-defined value are considered unresponsive and masked +as dead. 3) Pixels which lie outside of a user-defined coordinate +window are considered non-data pixels (eg, overscan) and are marked as +invalid. The valid window is defined by the configuration variables +\code{XMIN}, \code{XMAX}, \code{YMIN}, \code{YMAX}. + +PSPhot (and other IPP) functions understand two types of masked +pixels: ``bad'' and ``suspect''. Bad pixels are those which should +not be used in any operations, while suspect pixels are those for +which the reported signal may be contaminated or biased, but may be +useable in some contexts. For example, a pixel with poor charge +transfer efficiency is likely to be too untrustworthy to use in any +circumstance, while a pixel in which persistence ghosts have been +subtracted might be useful for detection or even analysis of brighter +sources. \note{can I identify which functions respect which sets of masks} + +The variance image, if not supplied is constructed by default from the +flux image using the configuration supplied values of \code{GAIN} and +\code{READ\_NOISE} to calculate the appropriate Poisson statistics for +each pixel. In this case, the image is assumed to represent the +readout from a single detector, with well-defined gain and read noise +characteristics. This assumption is not always valid. For example, +if the input flux image is the result of an image stack with a +variable number of input measurements per pixel (due to masking and +dithering), the variance cannot be calculated from the signal image +alone. It is necessary in such a case to supply a variance image which +accurately represents the variance as a function of position in the +image. + +Some image processing steps introduce cross-correlation between pixel +fluxes. An obvious case is smoothing, but geometric transformations +which redistibute fractional flux between neighboring pixels also +introduces cross-correlations. In the noise model, it is necessary to +track the impact of the cross correlations on the per-pixel variance. +In the general case, this would require a complete covariance image, +consisting of the set of cross-correlated pixels for each image pixel. +Since a typical smoothing or warping operation may introduce +correlation between 25 - 100 neighboring pixels, the size of such a +covariance image is prohibitive. In practice, however, there are two +extreme cases which generally are relevant. \note{talk about the + covar matrix for a PSF} + +\subsection{Background (Sky) Model} + +\subsection{Initial Object Detection} + +The objects are initially detected by finding the location of local +peaks in the image. The flux and variance images are smoothed with a +small circularly symmetric kernel using a two-pass 1D Gaussian +(\note{KEYWORD?}). The smoothed flux and variance images are combined +to generate a significance image in signal-to-noise units +\note{including correction for the covariance, if known}. At this +stage, the goal is only to detect the brighter sources, above a user +defined S/N limit (configuration keyword: \code{PEAK\_NSIGMA}). The +detection efficiency for the brighter sources is not strongly +dependent on the form of this smoothing function. + +The local peaks in the smoothed image are found by first detecting +local peaks in each row. For each peak, the neighboring pixels are +then examined and the peak is accepted or rejected depending on a set +of simple rules. First, any peak which is greater than all 8 +neighboring pixels is kept. Any peak which is lower than any of the 8 +neighboring pixels is rejected. Any peak which has the same value as +any of the other 8 pixels is kept if the pixel $X$ and $Y$ coordinates +are greater than or equal to the other equal value pixels. This +simple rule set means that a flat-topped region will maintain peaks at +the maximum $X$ and $Y$ corners of the region. + +\subsection{Footprints} + +\note{need to describe the process of generating the source footprints + and then culling the insignificant peaks} + +\subsubsection{Moments and related} + +\note{disucss the Kron mags} + +\note{this section is wrong: we no longer use S/N clipping, but a + Gaussian window function, chosed based on the measured moment} + +Once a collection of peaks have been identified, basic properties of +the objects are measured. First, the local sky flux is measured +within a square annulus with user-defined dimensions +(\code{INNER\_RADIUS} and \code{OUTER\_RADIUS}), using the sample +median. This local background value is then used to calculate the +object first and second moments within a small user-defined aperture +(\code{MOMENT\_RADIUS}). The first-order moments are a good +representation of the object position, while the second-order moments +are a measure of the object shape. The second-order moments are +somewhat sensitive to the size of the aperture and the accuracy of the +background measurement. The moment calculation is only performed +using pixels which exceed a S/N of 1. If, in the process of +calculating the source moments, the S/N limits reject all but \note{3} +or fewer of the source pixels, the peak is identified as being +suspect, and is not used for further analysis. If the measured +centroid coordinates differ from the peak coordinates be a large +amount (\code{MOMENT\_RADIUS}), then the peak is again identified as +being of poor quality and is rejected. In both of these cases, it is +likely that the `peak' was identified in a region of flat flux +distribution or many saturated or edge pixels. + +\subsubsection{Determination of the Peak Coordinates and Errors} + +\note{this section is wrong: it is a poor estimator of the source + position errors. we gave up a reverted to using the FWHM / (S/N)} + +We use the 9 pixels which include the source peak to fit for the +position and position errors. We model the peak of the sources as a +2D quadratic polynomial, and use a very simple bi-quadratic fit to +these pixels. We use the following function to describe the peak + +\[ f(x,y) = C_{00} + C_{10}x + C_{01} y + C_{11} x y + C_{20} x^2 + C_{02} y^2 \] + +and write the Chi-Square equation: + +\[ \chi^2 = \sum_{i,j} (F_{i,j} - f(x,y))^2 / \sigma_{i,j}^2 \] + +By approximating the error per pixel as the error on just the peak, +and pulling that term out of the above equation, and recognizing that +the values x,y in the 3x3 grid centered on the peak pixel have values +of only 0 or 1, we can greatly simplify the chi-square equation to a +square matrix equation with the following values: + +%% fix this: +\begin{verbatim} +| 9 0 0 0 6 6 | C_00 | = \sum F_{i,j} +| 0 6 0 0 0 0 | C_10 | = \sum F_{i,j} x +| 0 0 6 0 0 0 | C_01 | = \sum F_{i,j} y +| 0 0 0 6 0 0 | C_11 | = \sum F_{i,j} x y +| 6 0 0 0 6 4 | C_20 | = \sum F_{i,j} x^2 +| 6 0 0 0 4 6 | C_02 | = \sum F_{i,j} y^2 +\end{verbatim} + +The inverse of the 3x3 matrix terms for $C_{00}$, $C_{20}$, and $C_{02}$ is: +\begin{verbatim} +| +5/9 -1/3 -1/3 | +| -1/3 +1/2 0 | +| -1/3 0 +1/2 | +\end{verbatim} + +which can be used to determine the errors on the coefficients: + +\begin{eqnarray} +\sigma^2_{00} & = & \sigma^2 (5/9) \\ +\sigma^2_{10} & = & \sigma^2 (1/6) \\ +\sigma^2_{01} & = & \sigma^2 (1/6) \\ +\sigma^2_{11} & = & \sigma^2 (1/6) \\ +\sigma^2_{20} & = & \sigma^2 (1/2) \\ +\sigma^2_{02} & = & \sigma^2 (1/2) \\ +\end{eqnarray} + +The location of the peak is determined from the minimum of the +bi-quadratic function above, and is given by: + +\begin{eqnarray} +Det & = & 4 C_{20} C_{02} - C_{11}^2 \\ +x_{min} & = & (C_{11} C_{01} - 2 C_{02} C_{10}) / Det \\ +y_{min} & = & (C_{11} C_{10} - 2 C_{20} C_{01}) / Det \\ +\end{eqnarray} + +Applying error propagation to the above, we find: + +\begin{eqnarray} +\sigma_{Det}^2 & = & \sigma_{11}^2 (4 C_{11}^2) + \sigma_{20}^2 (16 C_{02}^2) + \sigma_{02}^2 (16 C_{20}^2) \\ +\sigma_{xn}^2 & = & \sigma_{11}^2 C_{01}^2 + \sigma_{01}^2 C_{11}^2 + \sigma_{02}^2 (4 C_{10}^2) + \sigma_{10}^2 (4 C_{02}^2) \\ +\sigma_{yn}^2 & = & \sigma_{11}^2 C_{10}^2 + \sigma_{10}^2 C_{11}^2 + \sigma_{20}^2 (4 C_{01}^2) + \sigma_{01}^2 (4 C_{20}^2) \\ +\sigma_{x}^2 & = & x^2 (\sigma_{xn}^2 / xn^2 + \sigma_{Det}^2 / Det^2) \\ +\sigma_{y}^2 & = & y^2 (\sigma_{yn}^2 / yn^2 + \sigma_{Det}^2 / Det^2) \\ +\end{eqnarray} + +\subsection{PSF Determination} + +\subsubsection{PSF Model vs Object Model} + +PSPhot uses an analytical model to represent the shape and flux of an +object. An important concept within the PSPhot code is the +distinction between a model which describes an object on an image and +a model with describes the point-spread-function (PSF) across an +image. + +Any object in an image may be represented by some analytical model, +for example, a 2-D elliptical Gaussian: +\begin{eqnarray} +f(x,y) & = & I_o exp (-z) + S \\ + R & = & \frac{(x - x_o)^2}{2\sigma_x^2} + \frac{(y - + y_o)^2}{2\sigma_y^2} + \sigma_{\rm xy}(x - x_o)(y - y_o) +\end{eqnarray} +The object model will have a variety of model parameters, in this case +the centroid coordinates ($x_o, y_o$), the elliptical shape parameters +($\sigma_x, \sigma_y, \sigma_{\rm xy}$), the model normalization +($I_o$) and the local value of the background ($S$). A specific +object will have a particular set of values for these different +parameters. + +The point-spread-function (PSF) of an image describes the shape of all +unresolved objects in the image. In a typical image, the shape of +point sources is not well described by a single functional form; +rather, the shape will vary as a function of position in the image. +The PSF model therefore must describe the parameter variation as a +function of the position of the object on the image. Note that the +object model consists of a certain number of parameters which are +defined by the PSF model, and another set of parameters which are +independent from object to object. For the case of the elliptical +Gaussian model, the PSF parameters would be the shape terms +($\sigma_x, \sigma_y, \sigma_{\rm xy}$) while the independent +parameters would be the centroid, normalization and local sky values +($x_o, y_o, I_o, S$). PSPhot uses a 2-D polynomial to specify the +variation in the PSF parameters as a function of position in the +image. In the case of the elliptical Gaussian, this implies that the +parameters are each a function of the object centroid coordinates: +\begin{eqnarray} +\sigma_x & = & f_1(x,y) \\ +\sigma_y & = & f_2(x,y) \\ +\sigma_{xy} & = & f_3(x,y) \\ +\end{eqnarray} + +PSPhot uses a single structure to represent the object model and +another structure to represent the PSF model. The object model +structure consists of the collection of measured object model +parameters, carried as a \code{psLib} vector (\code{psVector}) along +with an equal-length vector with the parameter errors. The structure +also includes an integer giving the identifier of the model used in +the particular case, as well as model fit statistics such as the +Chi-Square of the fit and the magnitude representation of the ratio +between the model flux and an aperture flux (see below for more +details on this value). + +The PSPhot representation of the PSF consists of an array of +polynomials, each representing the variation in the object model PSF +parameters (\code{psArray} of \code{psPolynomial2D}). The PSF model +structure also includes the same integer used to identify which model +corresponds to particular instance of the PSF. At the moment, the +number of PSF parameters is a fixed number (4) fewer than the number +of parameters of the corresponding object model. For example, the +elliptical Gaussian model uses 7 parameters to represent the object and +3 for the PSF model. + +PSPhot is written so that the object detection, measurement, and +classification code does not depend on the specific form of the +available object model functions. Access to the characteristics of +the models is provided through a simple function abstraction method. +Throughout PSPhot, there are many places where it is necessary for the +code to refer to an aspect of the object or PSF model. Often, these +quantities are needed deep within other parts of the code. For +example, when attempting to fit the pixel flux values for an object, +it is necessary to generate a guess for the model parameters. Or, in +order to limit the domain of the fit, it is necessary to determine an +isophotal radius for a model. + +In order to avoid having the code depend on the specific form of a +model, the function calls needed in these types of circumstances are +abstracted, and a method is provided to return the necessary function +to the higher-level software. For example, each model type has its +own function to define an initial guess for the model, or a function +to determine the radius for a given flux level. These are then +registered as part of the model function code. Another function is +then used to return the appropriate function for a specific model +type. For example, the \code{psModelLookup\_GetFunction} will return +the \code{psModelLookup} function for a given model type. This +mechanism makes it very easy to add new model functions into the +PSPhot code base. To add a new model function, the programmer simply +defines a new model name (a string), the set of all necessary model +lookup functions, and places the reference to the model code at the +appropriate location in the psModelInit.c routine. + +When a new model is provided to PSPhot, it is not necessary to specify +the intended use of the object model function (ie, PSF-like object, +galaxy, comet, etc). Any model can be used for the PSF model, or to +describe the flux distributions of the non-PSF objects. The code +currently uses a fixed translation between the object model parameters +and the PSF model parameters. It also defines a specific order for +the 4 independent parameters. + +\note{the code may also require that two of the PSF-like parameters +represent the shape in some way}. + +\subsubsection{PSF Candidate Object Selection} + +The first stage of determining the PSF model for an image is to +identify a collection of objects in the image which are {\em likely} +to be PSF-like. PSPhot uses the object moments to make the initial +guess at a collection of PSF-like objects. At this point, the program +has measured the second order moments for all objects identified by +their peaks, as well as an approximate signal-to-noise ratio. All +objects with a S/N ratio greater than a user-defined parameter +(\code{PSF\_SHAPE\_NSIGMA} ???) are selected by PSPhot, though objects +which have more than a certain number of saturated pixels are excluded +at this stage. PSPhot then examines the 2-D plane of $\sigma_x, +\sigma_y$ in search of a concentrated clump of objects. To do this, +it constructs an artificial image with pixels representing the value +of $\sigma_x, \sigma_y$, using a user-defined scale for the size of a +pixel in this artificial image (note that the units of the $\sigma_x, +\sigma_y$ plane are the size of the second-moment in pixels in the +original image). A typical value for the bin size is approximately +0.1 image pixels. The binned $\sigma_x, \sigma_y$ plane is then +examined to find a peak which has a significance greater than XXX. +Unless the image is extremely sparse, such a peak will be well-defined +and should represent the objects which are all very similar in shape. +Other objects in the image will tend to land in very different +locations, failing to produce a single peak. To avoid detecting a +peak from the unresolved cosmic rays, objects which have +second-moments very close to 0 are ignored. The only danger is if the +PSF is very small and too many of these objects are rejected as cosmic +rays. + +Once a peak has been detected in this plane, the centroid and second +moments of this peak are measured. All objects which land within XXX +$\sigma$ of this centroid are selected as likely PSF-like objects in +the image. + +\subsubsection{PSF Candidate Object Model Fits} + +All candidate PSF objects are then fitted with the selected object +model, allowing all of the parameters (PSF and independent) to vary in +the fit. PSPhot uses the Levenberg-Marqardt process for the +non-linear fitting. Non-linear fitting can be very computationally +intensive, particularly for if the starting parameters are far from +the minimization values. PSPhot uses the first and second moments to +make a good guess for the centroid and shape parameters for the PSF +models. \note{still true? In order to minimize the impact of close + neighbors, the variance values used in the fit are enhanced by a + fraction of the deviation of the particular pixel value from the + model guess.} Any objects which fail to converge in the fit are +flagged as invalid. + +\note{does the variance enhancement introduce too much bias?} + +\note{discuss the convergence criteria, model parameter guesses} + +For the resulting collection of object model parameters, the +PSF-dependent parameters of the models are all fitted as a function of +position to a 2-D polynomial. The order of this polynomial is (should +be?) a user-defined parameter. The fitting process for these +polynomials is iterative, and rejects the $3-\sigma$ outliers in each +of three passes. This fitting technique results in a robust +measurement of the variation of the PSF model parameters as a function +of position without being excessively biased by individual objects +which fail drastically. Objects whose model parameters are rejected +by this iterative fitting technique are also marked as invalid and +ignored in the later PSF model fitting stages. + +All of the PSF-candidate objects are then re-fitted using the PSF +model to specify the dependent model parameter values for each object. +For example, in the case of the elliptical Gaussian model, the shape +parameters ($\sigma_x, \sigma_y, \sigma_{xy}$) for each object are +set by the coordinates of the object centroid and fixed (not allowed +to vary) in the fitting procedure. The resulting fitted models are +then used to determine a metric which tests the quality of the PSF +model for this particular image. + +The metric used by PSPhot to assess the PSF model is the scatter in +the differences between the aperture and fit magnitudes for the PSF +objects. The difference between the aperture and fit magnitudes ({\em +ApResid}) is a critical parameter for any PSF modeling software which +uses an analytical model to represent the flux distribution of the +objects in an image. An approximate correction is measured here, with +a more detailed correction measured after all object analysis is +performed. The PSF model with the best consistency of the aperture +correction is judged to be the best model. + +\subsubsection{Basic Deblending} + +The collection of identified peaks is examined to find peaks which are +'blended', that is, they are close enough together to make the +analysis of one of the sources difficult if performed in isolation. +Saturated stars also result in additional peaks which are likely to be +invalid; it is useful to restrict a saturated star to a single primary +position with associated neighboring peaks. + +The deblending process first searches for any peaks which are within +the image cell of another peak. All such groups are examined, +starting with the brightest source. An isophot is found about the +primary peak which is at least \code{DEBLEND\_SKY\_NSIGMA} times the sky +sigma above the local background and which is otherwise +\code{DEBLEND\_PEAK\_FRACTION} of the primary peak central pixel flux. +Any secondary sources which are contained within this isophot are +considered to be blended peaks associated with the primary peak. + +\subsection{Bright Source Analysis} + +After a PSF model has been determined, PSPhot performs the analysis of +the bright objects in the image. In this stage, all of the objects +with an estimated signal to noise (based on the moments analysis) +greater than a user-set threshold are analysed and subtracted from the +image. An optional successive stage then finds fainter sources and +measures them as well (see Faint Source Analysis, +Section~\ref{faintsources}). In the bright source analysis stage, two +major varients are available. In the primary version, all objects are +examined (in decending order of brightness) and an appropriate models +is determined for each object which is then subtracted; in the +alternate version, the objects are examined (in decending order of +brightness) and the PSF-like objects subtracted first, then the +extended objects are analysed on a second pass. + +\subsubsection{Fast Ensemble PSF Fitting} + +Before the detailed analysis of the objects is performed, it is +convenient to subtract off all of the sources, at least as well as +possible at this stage. We make the assumption that all sources are +PSF-like. We also assume their position can be taken as the peak of a +2D quadratic function fitted to the peak pixel and its surrounding 8 +pixels. A single linear fit is used to simultaneously measure all +source fluxes. Since the local sky has been subtracted, this +measurement assumes the local sky is zero. + +\[ +\chi^2 = \sum_{\rm pixels} (F_{x,y} - \sum_{\rm sources} A_i PSF[x,y])^2 +\] + +Minimizing this equation with respect to each of the $A_i$ values +results in a matrix equation: +\[ M_{i,j} \bar{A_i} = \bar{F_j}\] +where $\bar{A_i}$ is the vector of $A_i$ values, the elements of +$M_{i,j}$ consist of the dot product of the unit-flux PSF for source +$i$ and source $i$, and $\bar{F_j}$ is the dot product of the +unit-flux PSF for source $i$ with the pixels corresponding to source +$i$. The dot products are calculated only using pixels within the +source apertures. Since most sources have no overlap with most other +sources, this matrix equation results in a very sparse, mostly +diagonal square matrix. The dimension is the number of sources, +likely to be 1000s or 10,000s. Such a matrix does not lend itself to +direct inversion. However, an interative solution quickly yields a +result with sufficient accuracy. In the iterative solution, a guess +at the solution is made; the guess is multiplied by the matrix, and +the result compared with the observed vector $\bar{F_j}$. The +difference is used to modify the initial guess. This proces is +repeated several times to achieve a good convergence. + +Once a solution set for $A_i$ is found, all of the objects are +subtracted from the by applying these values to the unit-flux PSF. + +\subsubsection{PSF Model applied to detected objects} + +Once a PSF model has been selected for an image, PSPhot attempts to +fit all of the detected objects, above a user-defined signal-to-noise +ratio (\note{KEYWORD}) with the PSF model. For these fits, the +dependent parameters are fixed by the PSF model and only the 4 +independent object model parameters are allowed to vary in the fit. +PSPhot again uses the Levenberg-Marqardt process for the non-linear +fitting. The objects are fitted in their S/N order, starting with the +brightest and working down to the user-specified limit. + +Once a solution has been achieved, PSPhot attempts to judge the +quality of the PSF model as a representation of the object shape. To +do this, it calculates the next step of the minimization {\em allowing +the shape parameters to vary}. This step, essentially the +Gauss-Newton minimization distance from the current local minimum, +should be very small if the object is well represented by the PSF, but +large if the PSF is not a good representation of the object flux. The +model quality is judged by the change in the two shape parameters +which represent the 2D size of the object. For the case of the +elliptical Gaussian, these two parameters are $\sigma_x$ and +$\sigma_y$. For a generic model, the shape parameters may be defined +differently, but the should always be two parameters which scale the +object size in two dimensions (what about a polar-coordinate form?) +Currently, PSPhot requires the two relevant shape parameters to be the +first two dependent parameters in the list of model parameters (ie, +parameters 4 \& 5). + +The expected distribution of the variation of the two shape parameters +will be a function of the signal-to-noise of the object in question +and the value of the shape parameter itself. The expected standard +deviation on the shape parameter is, eg, $\sigma_x / {\rm SN}$. If +the object is well-represented by the PSF, then the shape parameter +values should be close to their minimization value. We can thus ask, +for each object, given the measured amplitude of the Gauss-Newton +step, how many standard deviations from the expected value (of 0.0) is +this particular value? Objects for which the variation in the shape +parameters is a large positive number of standard deviations are +likely to be better represented by a larger flux distribution than the +PSF (eg, a Galaxy or Comet, etc). Objects for which the variation in +the shape parameters is a large negative number of standard deviations +are likely to be better represented by a smaller flux distribution +than the PSF (ie, a cosmic ray or other defect). A user-defined +number of standard deviations is used to select these two cases, and +to flag the object as a likely galaxy (really meaning 'extended') or +as a likely defect. + +At this stage of the analysis, PSPhot uses two additional indicators +to identify good and poor PSF fits. The first of these is the +signal-to-noise ratio. It is possible for the peak finding algorithm +to identify peaks in locations which are not actually a normal peak. +Some of these cases are in the edges of saturated, bleeding columns +from bright stars, in the nearly flat halos of very bright stars, and +so on. In these cases, a local peak exists, with a lower nearby sky +region. However, the fitted PSF model cannot converge on the peak +because it is very poorly defined (perhaps only existing in the +smoothed image). The fit can either fail to converge or it can +converge on a fit with very low or negative peak flux / flux +normalization. PSPhot will flag any non-convergent PSF fit and any +object with PSF S/N ratio lower than a user-defined cutoff. It is +also useful to identify very poor fits by setting a maximum Chi-Square +cutoff for objects. + +As the objects are fitted to the PSF model, those which survive the +exclusion stage are subtracted from the image. The subtraction +process modifies the image pixels (removing the fitted flux, though +not the locally fitted background) but does not modify the mask or the +variance images. The signal-to-noise ratio in the image after +subtraction represents the significance of the remaining flux. If the +subtractions are sufficiently accurate models of the PSF flux +distribution, the remaining flux should be below 1 $\sigma$ +significance. In practice the cores of bright stars are poorly +represented and may have larger residual significance. \note{in future +work, we may choose to enhance the variance to minimize detection of +objects in the residuals of brighter objects}. + +\subsubsection{Blended Sources} + +Sources which are blended with other sources are fitted together as a set of +PSFs. A single multi-object fit is performed on all blended peaks. +The resulting fits are evaluated independently and any which are +determined to be PSFs are subtracted from the image. + +\subsubsection{Double Sources} + +Sources which are judged to be non-PSF-like are confronted with two +possible alternative choices. First, the object is fitted with a +double-source model. In this pass, the assumption is made that there +are two neighboring sources, but the peaks are blended together, or +otherwise not distinguished. The initial guess for the two peaks is +made by splitting the flux of the single source in half and locating +the two starting peaks at +/- 2 pixels from the original peak along +the direction of the semi-major axis of the sources, as measured from +the second moments. In order for the two-source model to be accepted, +both sources must be judged as a valid PSF source. Otherwise, the +double-PSF model is rejected and the source is fitted with the +available non-PSF model or models. + +\note{better description of the acceptance criteria; the FLT model is + tried before the DBL is accepted or rejected}. + +\subsubsection{Non-PSF Objects} + +Once every object (above the S/N cutoff) has been confronted with the +PSF model, the objects which are thought to be galaxies (extended) can +now be fit with appropriate models for the galaxies (or other likely +extended shapes). Again, the fitting stage starts with the brightest +sources (as judged by the rough S/N measured from the moments +aperture) and working to a user defined S/N limit. + +PSPhot will use the user-selected galaxy model to attempt the galaxy +model fits. In the configuration system, the keyword \code{GAL\_MODEL} +is set to the model of interest. All suspected extended objects are +fitted with the model, allowing all of the parameters to float. The +initial parameter guesses are critical here to achieving convergence +on the model fits in a reasonable time. The moments and the pixel +flux distribution are used to make the initial parameter guess. Many +of the object parameters can be accurately guessed from the first and +second moments. The power-law slope can be guessed by measuring the +isophotal level at two elliptical radii and comparing the ratio to +that expected. + +For each of the galaxy models (in fact for all object models), a +function is defined which examines the fit results and determines if +the fit can be consider as a success or a failure. The exact criteria +for this decision will depend on the details of the model, and so this +level of abstraction is needed. For example, in some case, the range +of valid values for each of the parameters must be considered in the +fit assessment. In other cases, we may choose to use only the +parameter errors and the fit Chi-Square value. + +All galaxy model fits which are successful are then subtracted from +the image as is done for the successful PSF model fits. Of course, +the background flux is retained, with the result that only the object +is subtracted from the image. Again, the variance image is (currently) +not modified. + +\note{we have no code yet to select the best of several models for a + given objects. The relative value of the Chi-Square is the obvious + test in this case}. + +\subsection{Faint Sources} + +\note{this is not done : should use the ensemble PSF fitting to fit + just the new significant peaks} + +After a first pass through the image, in which the brighter sources +above a high threshold level have been detected, measured, and +subtracted, PSPhot optionally begins a second pass at the image. In +this stage, the new peaks are detected on the image with the bright +objects subtracted. In this pass, the peak detection process uses the +variance image to test the validity of the individual peaks. All peaks +with a significance greater than a user-defined minimum threshold are +accepted as objects of potential interest. + +The objects which are measured in this faint-object stage are clearly +low significance detections. A typical threshold for the bright +object analysis would S/N of 5 - 10. The lower limit cutoff for the +faint object analysis would typically be S/N of 2 - 4. In this stage, +PSPhot can perform one of three types of analysis. The difference +between these options is one of speed vs detail. + +In the first option, PSPhot can repeat the analysis described above in +sections XXX and XXX, performing a PSF fit followed by a non-PSF fit +to the objects which are not PSF-like, and subtracting them. The +advantage of this option is that the faint objects are treated +identically to the bright objects, and all potential parameters are +measured, even for marginally extended sources. The disadvantage of +this option is that the low signal-to-noise of the objects in this +stage limits the amount of information which can be extracted from +them. The marginal gain may not be worth the large expense of +processing time. + +In the second option, PSPhot can perform only the PSF model fit to the +remaining peaks, but ignore any further questions of the shape of the +objects. The advantage of this option is that it is substantially +faster than performing the more complex (and less stable) +multi-parameter non-linear fits on all faint objects. On the +downside, less information is learned about the objects. + +Finally, PSPhot can simply ignore the fitting process and instead +glean information about the fainter sources on the basis of the peak +characteristics. In this option, the image is smoothed with the PSF +model, and the peak for each object is measured. The peak flux and +the local peak curvature theoretically give sufficient information to +recover the object flux, the centroid coordinates, and the centroid +errors. The advantage of the stage is speed, especially for the very +faintest levels: if the lower limit is not sufficiently faint, the +time spent in performing the smoothing (3 FFTs) cannot make up for the +time which would have been spent applying the PSF model to the peaks. +The downside of this method is an increased sensitivity to the local +sky model (the local sky must be correctly subtracted) and fewer +constraints on the quality of the detection (no Chi-Square is +measured, for example). + +\note{In the ideal case, if we were only interested in detecting PSFs, +and we had a good model for the PSF, we could optimally find the +sources by smoothing the image and the variance image with the PSF model. +\em write out the description of Nick's optimal PSF finding}. + +PSPhot allows the user to select between these three options for the +analysis of the faint sources. Three separate user-controlled +signal-to-noise ratio limits are defined. One specifies the depth to +which the PSF / non-PSF analysis is performed. A second (which must +be smaller) specifies the depth to which only the PSF is fitted. A +third specifies the depth to which the analysis is performed using on +the peak statistics. If two of these are identical, then certain of +these options are simply skipped. For example, if the peak analysis +threshold is set to the same value as the PSF-only threshold, no peak +analysis is performed. + +\subsection{Aperture Correction Measurement} + +The important concept here is that an analytical model will always +fail to describe the flux of the objects at some level. In the end, +all astronomical photometry is in some sense a relative measurement +between two images. Whether the goal is calibration of a science +image taken at one location to a standard star image at another +location, or the goal is simply the repetitive photometry of the same +star at the same location in the image, it is always necessary to +compare the photometry between two images. If this measurement is to +be consistent, then the measurement must represent the flux of the +stars in the same way regardless of the conditions under which the +images were taken, at least within some range of normal image +conditions. So, for example, two images with different image quality, +or with different tracking and focus errors, will have different PSF +models. Since an analytical model will always fail to represent the +flux of the star at some level, the measured flux of the same object +in the two images will be different (even assuming all other +atmospheric and instrumental effects have been corrected). The +amplitude of the error will by determined by how inconsistently the +models represent the actual object flux. For example, if the first +image PSF model flux is consistently 10\% too low and the second is 5\% +too high, then the comparison between the two images will be in error +by 15\%. + +Aperture photometry avoids these problems, by trading for other +difficulties. In aperture photometry, if a large enough aperture is +chosen, the amount of flux which is lost will be a small fraction of +the total object flux. Even more importantly, as the image conditions +change, the amount lost will change by an even smaller fraction, at +least for a large aperture. This can be seen by the fact that the +dominant variations in the image quality are in the focus, tracking +and seeing. All of these errors initially affect the cores of the +stellar images, rather than the wide wings. The wide wings are +largely dominated by scattering in the optics and scattering in the +atmosphere. The amplitude and distribution of these two scattering +functions do not change significantly or quickly for a single +telescope and site. + +The difficulty for aperture photometry is the need to make an accurate +measurement of the local background for each object. As the aperture +grows, errors in the measurement of the sky flux start to become +dominant. If the aperture is too small, then variation in the image +quality are dominant. The brighter is the object, the smaller is the +error introduced by the large size of the aperture. However, the +number of very bright stars is limited in any image, and of course the +brighter stars are more likely to suffer from non-linearity or +saturation. + +\note{this discussion sucks: put in some more details of my point: + amplitude of systematic vs random sky errors} + +How important is this effect? Consider a typical bright object with a +flux of (say) 40,000 counts in an image of background 1000 counts per +pixel, with FWHM of 4 pixels. In principle, the flux of this object +should be measurable with an accuracy of roughly 0.57\% +($\frac{\sqrt{40000 + 1000 \times 12}}{40000}$). However, the +measurement of the sky is limited at some finite level by Poisson +statistics. If we are required to use an aperture of (say) 25 pixels +in radius (eg, 5 arcseconds for an 0.2 arcsec / pixel detector), and +we have an annulus of twice this radius to measure the local sky, then +we will have an error of XXX. + +\note{outline the variation of {\em ApResid} as a function of +magnitude}. + +PSPhot measures the aperture correction ({\em ApResid}) for every PSF +candidate object, then calculates the trend of this correction as a +function of the magnitude. This trend is fitted with a line. The +resulting function can be used to determine the effective aperture +correction for an infinite flux object and the average bias inherent +in the sky measurement for the image. The scatter of the +PSF-candidate object measurements about this trend is a measure of how +well we can measure photometry from the image by applying the specific +PSF model. The slope of this trend is a measure of the bias in the +local sky measurment for each object. In principal, the measured sky +levels could be modified by this bias. More generally, the measured +bias in a collection of images could be used to improve the model +fitting or sky fitting portion of the software the remove the bias +term. + +PSPhot allows a collection of PSF model functions to be tried on all +PSF candidate objects. For each model test, the above corrected +ApResid scatter is measured. The PSF model function with the smallest +value for the ApResid scatter is then used by PSPhot as the best PSF +model for this image. The number of models to be tested is specified +by the configuration keyword \code{PSF\_MODEL\_N}. The configuration +variables \code{PSF\_MODEL\_0}, \code{PSF\_MODEL\_1}, through +\code{PSF\_MODEL\_N - 1} specify the names of the models which should be +tested. + +\subsubsection{Types of Object / PSF models currently available} + +\note{the discussion of the model types needs to be extended} + +\begin{itemize} +\item GAUSS : Pure elliptical Gaussian +\item PGAUSS : polynomial approximation to a Gaussian (PGAUSS) +\item QGAUSS : power law with variable exponential term +\item SGAUSS : +\end{itemize} + +\note{discuss the stability issues with the galaxy model(s)} + +\subsection{Output Options} + +\note{need to discuss tests} + +\note{need to discuss failings and holes} + +\section{Alternative Scenarios} + +\subsection{Trailed Sources} + +\subsection{Fixed / Known-position Sources} + +\subsection{Difference Images} + +The variance map for a difference image must be generated from the two +images use to construct the difference. Otherwise, the low sky level +will automatically result in inconsistent interpretation of the variance. + +For a difference image, both positive and negative objects will be +present. The basic peak detection algorithm will only trigger for the +positive sources. One solution is to simply apply PSPhot to both the +difference image and its negative value. \note{do we want to code in +an automatic switch to get both positive and negative excursions in +the single pass?}. + +In the case of a difference image, the PSF model construction stage +will probably fail for lack of valid sources. It is better in these +cases to provide PSF model from some other source. For example, the +two images which are combined to generate the difference image +represent the PSF. Presumably, one or both have been convolved with a +PSF-matching kernel. The images which result from the convolution +should be used to measure the PSF model. + +The object classification scheme defaults to the galaxy models for +objects which are not well represented by the PSF model. In a +properly-constructed difference image, galaxies are unlikely to remain +behind as significant sources. Most real objects in the difference +image will be PSF-like and will consist of photometrically variable +objects (flare stars, supernovae, etc) or astrometrically variable +objects (high-proper motion stars or solar-system objects). There are +three likely classes of objects which will not be well represented by +the PSF model. 1) Fast-moving solar-system objects will appear as +short streaks. For example, a fast solar system object would have an +apparent rate of 0.5 degrees per hour, translating to 15 arcseconds in +a 30 second exposure. Even a main belt asteroid at roughly 1 AU would +have reflect motion of approximately 1 degree per day, equivalent to +1.25 arcsec in a 30 second exposure, and could be noticeably smeared +and non-PSF-like. A trailed-star model can be used to characterize +these types of objects. 2) Small offset stars, either due to +atmospheric / color effects or modest proper motion will appear as PSF +dipoles in the difference images. The positive and the negative +images will have stellar profiles, but they will be significantly +offset and will not subtract well. The two components may not have +the same amplitude. A PSF-dipole model can be used to fit these types +of objects, with free parameters of the two centroids and the two +fluxes. 3) Comets will appear in the difference images as a non-PSF +objects. Their 2-D structure includes both the flux from the coma +(with a typical power-law profile) and flux from the tail (with a more +complex flux distribution). A comet flux model can be used to +characterize these objects in difference images. A major difficulty +in applying these three types of models is in making a robust test of +which model should be used. This problem is akin to the issue of +selecting and distinguishing between multiple galaxy models, as +discussed in the section on Galaxy models. + +\subsection{Input \& Output Data Formats} + +\section{Sample Tests} + +\end{document} Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.calibration/calibration.tex =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.calibration/calibration.tex (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.calibration/calibration.tex (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +\documentclass[iop,floatfix]{emulateapj} +% \pdfoutput=1 + +% see latex.readme.txt for notes on using the PS1 template +%\documentclass[12pt,preprint]{aastex} +%\documentclass[manuscript]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2,longabstract]{aastex} +\RequirePackage{color} +% \input{astro.sty} + +% online version may use color, but print version needs b/w +\def\plotmode{col} +%\def\plotmode{bw} + +%\def\plotext{pdf} +\def\plotext{ps} + +%\def\picdir{/home/eugene/chipresid.20140404} +\def\picdir{/data/pikake.2/eugene/chipresid.20140404} + +% Pick a terse version of the title here; +\shorttitle{Pixel Analysis in PS1} +\shortauthors{E.A. Magnier et al} +\begin{document} +\title{Pan-STARRS Pixel Analysis : Source Detection \& Characterization} + +% this is a crude trick to get the order of affiliations right. These +% names are used in the affiliations below. The user needs to (1) set +% the order and numbers to have the correct sequence in the author +% list and (2) re-order the list at the bottom (and comment-out as needed) +\def\IfA{1} +\def\CfA{2} +\def\MPIA{3} +\def\Princeton{3} +\def\USNO{4} +\def\JHU{1} + +% This example has a first author from UH: +\author{ +Eugene A. Magnier,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +IPP Team, +%PS Builder List +% W.~S. Burgett,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K.~C. Chambers,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% T. Grav,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J. N. Heasley,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K. W. Hodapp,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. Jedicke,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% H.~A. Flewelling,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Kaiser,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R.-P. Kudritzki,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% G. A. Luppino,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. H. Lupton,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% D. G. Monet,\altaffilmark{\USNO} +% J.~S. Morgan,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. M. Onaka,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P.~A. Price,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% W.~E. Sweeney,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% C.~W. Stubbs,\altaffilmark{\CfA} +% J.~L. Tonry, \altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. J. Wainscoat,\altaffilmark{\IfA} and +% M. F. Waterson,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +} % this bracket terminates author list + +% The ordering here should be sequential, matching the sequence in the list of authors: +\altaffiltext{\IfA}{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +% \altaffiltext{\CfA}{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138} +% \altaffiltext{\Princeton}{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\USNO}{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\JHU}{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\MPIA}{Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K\"onigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany} +\begin{abstract} + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum +bibendum nisi id tristique posuere. Duis eu mollis nulla. Maecenas est +turpis, mattis tempor urna vitae, placerat rhoncus sem. Lorem ipsum +dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed quis velit +nisl. Aliquam erat volutpat. Cras lacinia, nisl tristique auctor +molestie, dolor nulla rhoncus purus, ac accumsan nunc nunc ac +nibh. Maecenas vitae mollis mauris. Ut sollicitudin pulvinar purus, +eget luctus lorem tincidunt vitae. Vestibulum eu mattis neque. Nulla +in tortor id urna dapibus gravida a vel leo. + +\end{abstract} + +% insert additional keywords as appropriate: +\keywords{Surveys:\PSONE } + +\begin{verbatim} +OUTLINE: +Intro + Pan-STARRS background + Scope: Source Detection \& Characterization, Galaxy modeling + Requirements / Goals + Comparable programs + PSPhot +\end{verbatim} + +\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} + +\section{Pan-STARRS1} + +\section{Photometry Analysis} + +\section{Astrometry Analysis} + +\section{Systematic Residuals} + +\subsection{Camera-Scale Trends} + +\section{Discussion} + +\section{Conclusion} + +\end{document} Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.dataproducts/Makefile =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.dataproducts/Makefile (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.dataproducts/Makefile (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.16 2006-01-16 01:11:40 eugene Exp $ + +help: + @echo "USAGE: make (target)" + @echo " targets: all dataproducts" + +all: dataproducts.pdf + +DATAPRODUCTS = dataproducts.tex + +# pics/Metadata.ps +# pics/earthrot.ps + +dataproducts.pdf: $(DATAPRODUCTS) + +dataproducts.ps: $(DATAPRODUCTS) + +include ../Makefile.Common Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.dataproducts/dataproducts.tex =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.dataproducts/dataproducts.tex (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.dataproducts/dataproducts.tex (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +\documentclass[iop,floatfix]{emulateapj} +% \pdfoutput=1 + +% see latex.readme.txt for notes on using the PS1 template +%\documentclass[12pt,preprint]{aastex} +%\documentclass[manuscript]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2,longabstract]{aastex} +\RequirePackage{color} +\input{astro.sty} + +% online version may use color, but print version needs b/w +\def\plotmode{col} +%\def\plotmode{bw} + +%\def\plotext{pdf} +\def\plotext{ps} + +% use this to make the figure picture path flexible: +%\def\picdir{PATH} +\def\picdir{ALTPATH} + +% Pick a terse version of the title here; +\shorttitle{Data Products from in PS1} +\shortauthors{H.~A. Flewelling et al} +\begin{document} +\title{Pan-STARRS\,1 Release Data Products} + +% this is a crude trick to get the order of affiliations right. These +% names are used in the affiliations below. The user needs to (1) set +% the order and numbers to have the correct sequence in the author +% list and (2) re-order the list at the bottom (and comment-out as needed) +\def\IfA{1} +\def\CfA{2} +\def\MPIA{3} +\def\Princeton{3} +\def\USNO{4} +\def\JHU{1} + +% This example has a first author from UH: +\author{ +H.~A. Flewelling,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +IPP Team, +%PS Builder List +% W.~S. Burgett,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K.~C. Chambers,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% L. Denneau,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. Draper,\altaffilmark{\DUR} +% H.~A. Flewelling,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% T. Grav,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J. N. Heasley,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K. W. Hodapp,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% M. E. Huber,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. Jedicke,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Kaiser,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R.-P. Kudritzki,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% G. A. Luppino,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. H. Lupton,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% E. A. Magnier,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Metcalfe,\altaffilmark{\DUH} +% D. G. Monet,\altaffilmark{\USNO} +% J.~S. Morgan,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. M. Onaka,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P.~A. Price,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% C.~W. Stubbs,\altaffilmark{\CfA} +% W.~E. Sweeney,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J.~L. Tonry, \altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. J. Wainscoat,\altaffilmark{\IfA} and +% C. Z. Waters,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +} % this bracket terminates author list + +% The ordering here should be sequential, matching the sequence in the list of authors: +\altaffiltext{\IfA}{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +% \altaffiltext{\CfA}{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138} +% \altaffiltext{\Princeton}{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\USNO}{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\JHU}{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\MPIA}{Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K\"onigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany} +\begin{abstract} + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum +bibendum nisi id tristique posuere. Duis eu mollis nulla. Maecenas est +turpis, mattis tempor urna vitae, placerat rhoncus sem. Lorem ipsum +dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed quis velit +nisl. Aliquam erat volutpat. Cras lacinia, nisl tristique auctor +molestie, dolor nulla rhoncus purus, ac accumsan nunc nunc ac +nibh. Maecenas vitae mollis mauris. Ut sollicitudin pulvinar purus, +eget luctus lorem tincidunt vitae. Vestibulum eu mattis neque. Nulla +in tortor id urna dapibus gravida a vel leo. + +\end{abstract} + +% insert additional keywords as appropriate: +\keywords{Surveys:\PSONE } + +\section{OUTLINE} +\begin{verbatim} +Intro + Pan-STARRS background +\end{verbatim} + +\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} + +\section{Discussion} + +\section{Conclusion} + +\end{document} Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.detrend/Makefile =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.detrend/Makefile (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.detrend/Makefile (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.16 2006-01-16 01:11:40 eugene Exp $ + +help: + @echo "USAGE: make (target)" + @echo " targets: all detrend" + +all: detrend.pdf + +DETREND = detrend.tex + +# pics/Metadata.ps +# pics/earthrot.ps + +detrend.pdf: $(DETREND) + +detrend.ps: $(DETREND) + +include ../Makefile.Common Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.detrend/detrend.tex =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.detrend/detrend.tex (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.detrend/detrend.tex (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,754 @@ +%\documentclass[iop,floatfix]{emulateapj} + +% \pdfoutput=1 + +% see latex.readme.txt for notes on using the PS1 template +\documentclass[12pt,preprint]{aastex} +%\documentclass[manuscript]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2,longabstract]{aastex} +\RequirePackage{color} +\input{astro.sty} + +% online version may use color, but print version needs b/w +\def\plotmode{col} +%\def\plotmode{bw} + +% arxiv needs PDF graphics, but publishers mostly was PS +%\def\plotext{pdf} +\def\plotext{ps} + +% use this to make the figure picture path flexible: +%\def\picdir{PATH} +\def\picdir{ALTPATH} + +% CZW commands from my previous draft. +\newcommand{\czw}[1]{ + \textbf{CZW: }\textcolor{red}{#1} +} +\newcommand{\czwdraft}[1]{ + \textcolor{red}{#1} +} +\newcommand{\erfcinv}{\mathop{\rm erfcinv}\nolimits} + + +% Pick a terse version of the title here; +\shorttitle{Pixel Processing in PS1} +\shortauthors{C.Z. Waters et al} +\begin{document} +\title{Pan-STARRS Pixel Processing : Detrending, Warping, Stacking} + +% this is a crude trick to get the order of affiliations right. These +% names are used in the affiliations below. The user needs to (1) set +% the order and numbers to have the correct sequence in the author +% list and (2) re-order the list at the bottom (and comment-out as needed) +\def\IfA{1} +\def\CfA{2} +\def\MPIA{3} +\def\Princeton{3} +\def\USNO{4} +\def\JHU{1} + +% This example has a first author from UH: +\author{ +C. Z. Waters,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +IPP Team, +%PS Builder List +% W.~S. Burgett,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K.~C. Chambers,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% L. Denneau,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. Draper,\altaffilmark{\DUR} +% H.~A. Flewelling,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% T. Grav,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J. N. Heasley,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K. W. Hodapp,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% M. E. Huber,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. Jedicke,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Kaiser,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R.-P. Kudritzki,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% G. A. Luppino,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. H. Lupton,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% E. A. Magnier,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Metcalfe,\altaffilmark{\DUH} +% D. G. Monet,\altaffilmark{\USNO} +% J.~S. Morgan,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. M. Onaka,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P.~A. Price,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% C.~W. Stubbs,\altaffilmark{\CfA} +% W.~E. Sweeney,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J.~L. Tonry, \altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. J. Wainscoat,\altaffilmark{\IfA} and +% C. Z. Waters,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +} % this bracket terminates author list + +% The ordering here should be sequential, matching the sequence in the list of authors: +\altaffiltext{\IfA}{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +% \altaffiltext{\CfA}{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138} +% \altaffiltext{\Princeton}{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\USNO}{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\JHU}{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\MPIA}{Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K\"onigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany} +\begin{abstract} + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum +bibendum nisi id tristique posuere. Duis eu mollis nulla. Maecenas est +turpis, mattis tempor urna vitae, placerat rhoncus sem. Lorem ipsum +dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed quis velit +nisl. Aliquam erat volutpat. Cras lacinia, nisl tristique auctor +molestie, dolor nulla rhoncus purus, ac accumsan nunc nunc ac +nibh. Maecenas vitae mollis mauris. Ut sollicitudin pulvinar purus, +eget luctus lorem tincidunt vitae. Vestibulum eu mattis neque. Nulla +in tortor id urna dapibus gravida a vel leo. + +\end{abstract} + +% insert additional keywords as appropriate: +\keywords{Surveys:\PSONE } + +\section{OUTLINE} +\begin{verbatim} +* Introduction +* Raw Data Description +* Basic Detrending Steps + * Overscan + * Dark + * Flats + * Fringes +* Non-traditional / Non-linear issues + * Persistence & Burntool + * faint-end non-linearity + * regions of bad CTE +* Variance Maps +* Static Masks +* Dynamic Masks + * Ghosts + * Glints + * Diffraction Spikes +* Magic +* Warping + * warping kernel + * linear-by-pieces + * Covariance + * def of skycells? +* Stacking + * pixel combination rules + * pixel rejections + * convolution for matching (success and failure) +* Difference Image analysis +\end{verbatim} + +\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} + +\section{Camera description} + +\czwdraft{reference to original paper} + +\czwdraft{60 otas} + +\czwdraft{64 cells per ota} + +\czwdraft{effectively 60x64 different cameras, each with particular gain/noise/etc characteristics} + +\czwdraft{Add summary of detrending steps} + +\czwdraft{Summary of detrending steps with references to the sections} + +\section{Burntool / Persistence effect} + +Stars that are nearing saturation \czwdraft{(30000 DN)} cause +persistance problems during the read out of the image, creating trails +of light are left on the image. During the read out process of an +image with a bright star above this threshold, some of the charge +associated with that object is not fully shifted toward the amplifier. +As a result, this charge remains in the starting cell, and is +partially collected in subsequent shifts, resulting in a ``burn +trail'' that extends from the center of the bright source away from +the amplifier (vertically along the pixel columns toward the top of +the cell). + +This incomplete charge shifting in nearly full wells continues as each +row is read out. This results in a remnant charge in the pixels that +the full well was shifted through. In following exposures, this +remnant charge leaks out, resulting in a trail that extends from the +initial location of the bright source on the previous image towards +the amplifier (vertically down along the pixel column). This charge +can remain on the detector for up to thirty minutes, requiring the +locations of these ``burns'' needs to be retained between exposures. + +Both of these types of persistance trails are corrected via the +BURNTOOL program. This program does an initial scan of the images, +and identifies stars brighter than a given threshold of 30000 DN. The +trail from that star is fit with a one-dimensional power law +\czwdraft{in each pixel column}, based on empirical evidence that this +is the functional form of this persistence effect. Once this fit is +done, the model is subtracted from the image, and the location of the +star is stored in a table along with the exposure PONTIME, which +denotes the number of seconds since the detector was last powered on. + +For a subsequent exposure, the table associated with the previous +image is read in, and after correcting trails from the stars on that +new image, it attempts to find remnant trails stored in the table. +These are fit and subtracted using a one-dimensional exponential +model, again based on empirical studies. If a significant model with +is determined \czwdraft{$\alpha$ < 4}, then this location is retained +in the image output table. If not, the old burn is allowed to +``expire.'' + +An issue with this method of correcting the persistance trails is that +it is based on fits to the raw image data, which may have other +signals not determined by the persistence effect. The presence of +other stars or artifacts along the path of the burn can result in an +incorrect model to be determined, resulting in either an over- or +under-subtraction of the persistance burn. \czwdraft{However, it's + better than doing nothing.} + +Another issue is that the cores of very bright stars are deformed by +this process, as the burntool fitting preferentially subtracts flux +from one side of the star. As most stars that result in burns already +have the cores saturated, this does not significantly affect PSF +determination or photometry. \czwdraft{reference to photometry paper?} + +\begin{figure} + \caption{Panel 1: Example image of burn trail. Panel 2: example image of subsequent image persistence trail. Panel 3: Repair of panel 1. Panel 4: Repair of panel 2} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure} + \caption{example trail data and fit.} +\end{figure} + +\section{Masking} + +\subsection{Static Masks} + +Due to the large size of the detector, it is to be expected that there +will be a number of pixel defects that \czwdraft{do not measure light} +as well as their neighbors. To remove these pixels, we have +constructed a static mask that identifies the known defects. This +mask is constructed in three phases. + +First, a CTEMASK is constructed to mask out regions in which the +charge transfer efficiency is low compared to the rest of the +detector. Twenty-five of the sixty OTAs in GPC1 show some evidence of +CTE issues, with this pattern showing up (to varying degrees) in +triangular sets of cells on the OTA. \czwdraft{probably a figure would + help explain this?} To generate the mask, a sample set of evenly +illuminated flat field images are measured to produce a map of the +image variance in 20x20 pixel bins. As the flat image largely +illuminates the image uniformly, the expected variances should be +Poissonian distributed with the flux level. However, in regions with +CTE issues, adjacent pixels are not independent, allowing the charge +to spread. This reduces the pixel-to-pixel differences, resulting in +a lower-than-expected variance. All regions with variance +\czwdraft{X} smaller than expected are added to the static CTEMASK. + +The next step of mask construction is to examine the detector for +bright columns and other static pixel issues. This is first done by +\czwdraft{I think Heather wrote a program to do this, but I'm not + totally sure how it works} scanning a set of images for pixels that +have values that do not change throughout a sequence of \czwdraft{N} +exposures. Such common pixel values cannot be caused by astronomical +effects, and must be due to the detector itself. This does an +excellent job of removing the majority of the problem pixels. A +manual inspection allows human interaction to identify other +inconsistent pixels including the vignetted regions around the edge of +the detector. \czwdraft{This might be a lie} As the size of the +vignetted region changes with filter, we have taken the g filter as +the baseline to define the static mask, resulting in the smallest +possible unvignetted region. + +The final static mask is the union of the CTE mask, the manual mask, \czwdraft{make this a paragraph}. + +\begin{figure} + \caption{Image map of static mask. color coded based on mask reason? It won't be visible at true pixel scale.} +\end{figure} + +\subsection{Dynamic masks} + +In addition to the static mask that removes the detector level +defects, we also generate a set of dynamic masks that change with the +astronomical features in the image. These masks are advisory in +nature, and no not completely exclude the pixel from further +consideration. The first of these dynamic masks indicates the +presence of a corrected burntool trail. These pixels are included for +phtometry, but are rejected more readily in the stacking and +difference image construction. + +The remaining dynamic masks are not generated until the IPP camera +stage \czwdraft{IPP paper reference?}, at which point all object +photometry is complete, and an astrometric solution is known for the +exposure. This added information provides the positions of bright +sources, which are the origin for the image artifacts that the dynamic +mask identifies. + +\subsubsection{Crosstalk ghosts} +Due to electrical crosstalk between the flex cables connecting the +individual detectors, ghost objects can be created on some OTAs due to +the presence of a bright object in a different position. Table +\ref{tab:crosstalk_rules} summarizes the list of known crosstalk +rules. In each of these cases, a source object brighter than -14.47 +magnitude (instrumental) creates a ghost object many orders of +magnitude fainter at the target location. The cell (x,y) coordinate +is identical between source and ghost, as a result of the transfer +occurring as the devices are read. A circular mask is asdded to the +ghost location with radius $R = 3.44 \left(-14.47 - m_{source, + instrumental}\right)$. Any objects in the photometric catalog found +at the location of the ghost mask have a flag set, marking the object +as a ghost. + +\begin{deluxetable}{lllc} + \tablecolumns{4} + \tablewidth{0pc} + \tablecaption{GPC1 Crosstalk Rules} + \tablehead{\colhead{Type}&\colhead{Source OTA/Cell}&\colhead{Ghost OTA/Cell}&\colhead{$\Delta m$}} + \startdata + Inter-OTA & OTA2Y XY3v & OTA3Y XY3v & 6.16 \\ + & OTA3Y XY3v & OTA2Y XY3v & \\ + & OTA4Y XY3v & OTA5Y XY3v & \\ + & OTA5Y XY3v & OTA4Y XY3v & \\ + Intra-OTA & OTA2Y XY5v & OTA2Y XY6v & 7.07 \\ + & OTA2Y XY6v & OTA2Y XY5v & \\ + & OTA5Y XY5v & OTA5Y XY6v & \\ + & OTA5Y XY6v & OTA5Y XY5v & \\ + One-way & OTA2Y XY7v & OTA3Y XY2v & 7.34 \\ + & OTA5Y XY7v & OTA4Y XY2v & \\ + \enddata + \label{tab:crosstalk_rules} +\end{deluxetable} + + +\subsubsection{Optical ghosts} + +Due to an issue with the anti-reflective coating, bright sources can +also result in large out of focus objects, particularly in the +g-filter data. These objects are the result of light reflecting back +off the surface of the detector, reflecting again off the \czwdraft{No + clue} mirror, and then back down onto the focal plane. Due to the +extra travel distance, the resulting source is out of focus and +elongated along the radial direction of the telescope. These optical +ghosts can be modeled as a bright star in location (X,Y) on the focal +plane creates a reflection ghost on the opposite side of the optical +axis at (-X,-Y). The exact location is fit as a third order +polynomial in the focal plane x and y directions. An elliptical +annulus mask is constructed at the expected ghost location, with the +major and minor axes defined by linear functions of the ghost distance +from the optical axis, and orientation \czwdraft{pointing along + radius}. All stars brighter than a filter-dependent threshold +(listed in table \ref{tab:ghost_magnitudes}) have masks constructed. + +\begin{deluxetable}{lc} + \tablecolumns{2} + \tablewidth{0pc} + \tablecaption{Optical Ghost Magnitude Limits} + \tablehead{\colhead{Filter}&\colhead{$m_{inst}$}} + \startdata + g & -16.5 \\ + r & -20.0 \\ + i & -25.0 \\ + z & -25.0 \\ + y & -25.0 \\ + w & -20.0 \\ + \enddata + \label{tab:ghost_magnitudes} +\end{deluxetable} + +\czwdraft{include full polynomial forms? How best to do that?} + + +%% +%% GHOST.CENTER.X METADATA +%% NORDER_X S32 3 +%% NORDER_Y S32 3 +%% VAL_X00_Y00 F64 -1.215661e+02 +%% VAL_X01_Y00 F64 1.321875e-02 +%% VAL_X02_Y00 F64 -4.017026e-09 +%% VAL_X03_Y00 F64 1.148288e-10 +%% VAL_X00_Y01 F64 -1.908074e-03 +%% VAL_X01_Y01 F64 8.479150e-08 +%% VAL_X02_Y01 F64 1.635732e-11 +%% VAL_X00_Y02 F64 2.625405e-08 +%% VAL_X01_Y02 F64 1.125586e-10 +%% VAL_X00_Y03 F64 2.912432e-12 +%% NELEMENTS S32 10 +%% END + +%% GHOST.CENTER.Y METADATA +%% NORDER_X S32 3 +%% NORDER_Y S32 3 +%% VAL_X00_Y00 F64 2.422174e+01 +%% VAL_X01_Y00 F64 4.170486e-04 +%% VAL_X02_Y00 F64 -1.934260e-08 +%% VAL_X03_Y00 F64 -1.173657e-12 +%% VAL_X00_Y01 F64 1.189352e-02 +%% VAL_X01_Y01 F64 -9.256748e-08 +%% VAL_X02_Y01 F64 1.140772e-10 +%% VAL_X00_Y02 F64 8.123932e-08 +%% VAL_X01_Y02 F64 1.328378e-11 +%% VAL_X00_Y03 F64 1.170865e-10 +%% NELEMENTS S32 10 +%% END +%% # These are the original linear solutions +%% GHOST.INNER.MAJOR METADATA +%% NORDER_X S32 1 +%% VAL_X00 F64 3.926693e+01 +%% VAL_X01 F64 5.325759e-03 +%% NELEMENTS S32 2 +%% END + +%% GHOST.INNER.MINOR METADATA +%% NORDER_X S32 1 +%% VAL_X00 F64 5.287548e+01 +%% VAL_X01 F64 -2.191669e-03 +%% NELEMENTS S32 2 +%% END + +%% GHOST.OUTER.MAJOR METADATA +%% NORDER_X S32 1 +%% VAL_X00 F64 7.928722e+01 +%% VAL_X01 F64 1.722181e-02 +%% NELEMENTS S32 2 +%% END + +%% GHOST.OUTER.MINOR METADATA +%% NORDER_X S32 1 +%% VAL_X00 F64 1.314265e+02 +%% VAL_X01 F64 -2.627153e-03 +%% NELEMENTS S32 2 +%% END + +\subsubsection{Glints} + +\czwdraft{I thought we stopped this because of a hardware change? Is + that not true?} Prior to \czwdraft{DATE}, a reflective surface at +the edge of the camera aperture was open to light passing through the +telescope. Sources brighter than $m = -20$ that fell on this +reflective surface resulted in light being scattered across the +detector surface in a long narrow glint. This surface was physically +masked on \czwdraft{DATE} \czwdraft{right?}, but data prior to that +have a dynamic mask constructed when a reference source falls on the +focal plane within \czwdraft{approximately} one degree of the detector +edge. This mask is 150 pixels wide, and $L = 2500 \left(-20 - +m_{inst}\right)$. + +%% +%% GLINT_MAX_MAG F32 -21.0 +%% GLINT.REGION MULTI + +%% GLINT.REGION METADATA +%% REGION STR [-38000:-24000,-20000:+20000] +%% GLINT.TYPE STR LEFT +%% END + +%% GLINT.REGION METADATA +%% REGION STR [+24000:+38000,-20000:+20000] +%% GLINT.TYPE STR RIGHT +%% END + +%% GLINT.REGION METADATA +%% REGION STR [-20000:+20000,+24000:+38000:] +%% GLINT.TYPE STR TOP +%% END + +%% GLINT.REGION METADATA +%% REGION STR [-20000:+20000,-38000:-24000] +%% GLINT.TYPE STR BOTTOM +%% END + +\subsubsection{Diffraction spikes} + +Bright objects also form diffraction spikes that are dynamically +masked. These are filter independent, and are modelled as rectangles +with length $L = 10^{0.096 * (7.35 - m)} - 200$ and width $W = 8 + (L +- 200) * 0.01$. These spikes are dependent on the camera rotation, +and are oriented at $\theta = n * \frac{pi}{2} - \mathrm{ROTANGLE} + +0.798$. + +\subsubsection{Saturated stars} + +The cores of saturated stars are masked as well, with radius $r = 10.15 * (-15 - m_{inst})$. \czwdraft{good job here.} + +\czwdraft{Write up something about the masking fraction.} + +\subsection{Video Mask} + +One aspect of the OTAs in GPC1 is that an individual cell can be read +off repeatedly while the other cells integrate, resulting in a video +signal from that cell. This data is used for telescope guiding +purposes, and a single exposure is likely to have a number of these +video cells in different OTAs. However, reading these cells while +integrating on the others changes the characteristic dark model (see +below) experienced by the other cells on the OTA. The observed effect +of this is that the glow associated with the amplifiers in the corners +of the cells is depressed during the video readout, relative to the +nominal glow. Because of this, the standard dark model oversubtracts +this glow. Before the nature of this issue was fully understood, +these poorly constrained corners were masked with 25-pixel radius +quarter circles, centered on the (0,0) pixel nearest the cell +amplifier. The other corners of the cell were masked with a 15-pixel +radius quarter circle, as the amplifier location is off the edge of +the cell. + + +\subsection{Masking fraction} + +\czwdraft{\% due to chip/cell gaps} + +\czwdraft{\% due to faulty pixels} + +\czwdraft{\% due to CTE} + +\czwdraft{\% due to vinetting} + +\czwdraft{\% average dynamic masking} + +\section{Overscan} + +Each cell on GPC1 has an overscan region that covers the +first\czwdraft{?} 34 columns of each row, and the last\czwdraft{?} 10 rows +of each column. No light lands on these pixels, so the image region +is trimmed to exclude them. Each row has an overscan value +subtracted, calculated by finding the median value of that row's +overscan pixels. These medians are then smoothed between rows with a +3-row wide boxcar. + +\section{Non-linearity Correction} + +The pixels of GPC1 are not perfectly linear at all flux levels. +Particularly, at low flux levels, some pixels have a tendency to sag +relative to the expected linear value. This effect is most pronounced +along the edges of the detector, although some entire cells show +evidence of this effect. + +To correct this sag, we study the flux behavior of a series of dark +frames with a ramp of exposure times. As the exposure time increases, +the flux on each pixel also increases in what is expected to be a +linear manner. Each of these dark ramp exposures is overscan +corrected, and then the median is calculated for each cell, as well as +the rows and columns within ten pixels of the edge of the science +region. From these median values at each exposure time value, we can +construct the expected trend by fitting a linear model, $f_{region} = +gain * t_{exp} + bias_0$, to the median fluxes for darks with exposure +times between 3 and 12 seconds. This time interval was selected as it +avoids the non-linearity at low fluxes, as well as the possibility of +high-flux non-linearity effects. From this set of models for each +row, column, or full cell, we construct a table of correction values +by linear interpolating the row and column results to match the full +cell results in the center of the detector. + +This non-linearity effect appears to be stable in time, with no +evident change over a year's worth of data. + +\czwdraft{I have figures at http://svn.pan-starrs.ifa.hawaii.edu/trac/ipp/wiki/DetectorLinearity that might be useful} + +\section{Dark/Bias Subtraction} + +The dark model we make for GPC1 considers each pixel individually, +independent of any neighbors. To create the dark model for each +pixel, we fit an arbitrary dimensional model \czwdraft{clunky} to the +array of input pixels from a selection of dark images. The current +model is linear \czwdraft{really?} in both the exposure time and the +detector temperature. Adding in a constant value for the fit provides +three parameters that define the dark model for that pixel. As this +constant value is effectively the bias value for that pixel, we do not +do a separate bias correction. This model is applied to science +images by fitting the correct dark value based on the exposure time +and detector temperature for that exposure. + +\subsection{Time evolution} + +\czwdraft{The dark model is noticably unstable on time scales of months, and so we have generated a sequence in time to keep the effect of a missed correction low.} + +Unfortunately, the dark model is not consistently stable on the time +span of multiple months. Some of the changes in the dark can be +attributed to changes in the voltage settings of GPC1, but the +majority seem to be the result of some unknown parameter. Largely, we +can separate the dark model history of GPC1 into three epochs. The +first epoch covers all data taken prior to 2010-01-23. This epoch +used a different header keyword for the detector temperature, making +data from this epoch incompatible with later dark models. + +The second epoch covers data between 2010-01-23 and 2011-05-01, and is +characterized by a largely stable but oscillatory dark solution. +There appear to be two modes that the dark model switches between +apparently at random. No clear cause has been established for these +switching, but there are clear differences between the two modes +\czwdraft{figures?}. + +The evidence of these two modes comes from the discovery of a slight +gradient along the rows of certain cells. This is a result of a drift +in the bias level of the detector. Therefore, an appropriate dark +model should remove this gradient entirely. For these two modes, the +magnitude of this bias drift is different, so a single dark model over +corrects the low-magnitude mode, and undercorrects the high-magnitude +mode. Upon identifying this two-mode behavior, and determining the +switching points, two separate darks models were constructed from +appropriate ``A'' and ``B'' mode dark frames. Using the appropriate +dark minimizes the effect of this bias gradient in the dark corrected +data. + +After 2011-05-01, the two-mode behavior of the dark disappears, and is +replaced with a slow dateobs-dependent drift in the magnitude of the +gradient. This drift is sufficiently slow that we have modeled it +using three dateobs-independent dark model for different date ranges. +These darks cover the range from 2011-05-01 to 2011-08-01, 2011-08-01 +to 2011-11-01, and 2011-11-01 and on. The reason for this time +dependent drift is unknown, but we seem to be able to model it with +reasonable accuracy by creating new dark models. + +\section{Noisemap} + +Based on a study of the positional dependence of detected objects, we discovered that the cells in GPC1 do not have uniform noise characteristics. Instead, there is a gradient along the pixel rows, with the noise generally higher away from the read out amplifier. This is likely another effect of the row-by-row bias issue. This gradient has the effect that the read noise increases as the row is read out. To mitigate this noise gradient, we construct a set of noisemap images by measuring the median variance on bias frames. The variance is calculated in boxes of 20x20 pixels, and then linearly interpolated to cover the full image. + +Unfortunately, due to correlations in the row-to-row offsets \czwdraft{in the noise?}, the variance measured from the bias images does not fully remove the positional dependence of objects that are detected. The reason for this is that the simple noisemap underestimates teh noise observed when the image is filtered during the object detection process. This filtering convolves the background noise with a PSF, which has the effect of amplifying the correlated peaks in the noise. This amplification can therefore boost background fluctuations above the threshold used to select real objects, contaminating the final object catalogs. + +To resolve this issue, we chose a typical PSF, and used it to look for detections on a sample of bias images. As the bias has no real sources, all objects found are by definition false, and provides an idea of how much our noisemap estimation deviates from the ``true'' noise observed by the object detection process. For a region of area X*Y, if we find k false detections above our signal-to-noise threshold, then we can estimate how much the noise model deviates from what is observed. The observed noise threshold is defined as $\sigma_{observed} = \sqrt{2} * \erfcinv{2 * k A_{psf} / (X * Y * N_{exp})}$, where $A_{psf}$ is the footprint size of the PSF (taken as 16 pixels), and $N_{exp}$ is the number of exposures examined in this location. From this observed threshold, we scale the noisemap previously calculated by the boost factor $B = \sigma_{thresh} / \sigma_{observed}$. + +The row-to-row variations that contribute to the extra noise are related to the dark model, and because of this, as the dark model changes, the effective noise also changes. Because of this, we have created different noisemap models for the three major time ranges of the dark model. We do not see any evidence that the noisemaps have the A/B modes visible in the dark, and so we do not generate different models. + +\section{Remnance?} + +\czwdraft{Despite the known persistence effects of the detectors, we do not do any remnance correction beyond what is discussed above in the burntool section. Therefore, I probably should just remove this section entirely.} + +\section{Shutter?} + +\czwdraft{I don't believe that we do a shutter correction either. So, again, probably shouldn't include it.} + +\section{Flat} + +\czwdraft{I don't know how the flat calibration code works. We start with flat field images of the sky, but due to the size of the detector, it is difficult to equally illuminate each pixel. Therefore, flat calibration.} + +Determining a flat field correction for GPC1 is a challenging +endeavor, as the wide field of view makes it difficult to construct a +uniformly illuminated image. Using a dome screen is not possible, as +the variations in illumination and screen rigidity create unusably +large scatter between different images. Because of this, we use sky +flat images taken at twilight, which are more consistently illuminated +than screen flats. We calculate the mean of these images to determine +the starting flat model. + +From this initial flat model, we construct a correction to remove the +effect of the problems illuminating the large area. This is done by +dithering a series of exposures across a given pointing. By comparing +the measured fluxes for a given star as a function of position, we can +correct out the errors in the flat model. + +The flat model appears stable with time, although directly measuring +this is as difficult as originally constructing the model. However, +due to the photometric consistency observed in GPC1 measurements, we +can be confident that the flat model is not changing much. + + +\section{Pattern correction} + +Due to the row-by-row bias offsets that are not cleanly removed by the +dark model, we have a set of ``pattern'' corrections that are applied +to some selection of the images. The PATTERN.ROW correction is used +to remove the remaining row-by-row variation, and the PATTERN.CELL and +PATTERN.CONTINUITY corrections attempt to ensure that the cells of a +given OTA are consistent with each other. These corrections are +largely designed to fix issues that are not stable enough with time +for the dark model or flat field model to fully account for the +detector behavior. + +\subsection{Pattern Row} + +As discussed above in the dark and noisemap sections, certain +detectors have significant row-by-row bias offsets. As the level of +the offset is largely random, the dark correction cannot fully remove +this structure from the images. Therefore, we apply the PATTERN.ROW +correction in an attempt to mitigate the offsets. To force the rows +to agree, a \czwdraft{first} order polynomial is fit to each row in the +cell, and that trend subtracted from the data. The median offset +(corresponding to the background level) is then added back to the +image so that the cell matches its neighbors during background +subtraction. + +This correction was required on all cells on all OTAs prior to +\czwdraft{2009-12-01}, at which point a modification of the camera +electronics resolved the row-by-row offsets for the majority of the +detectors. As a result, we only apply this correction where it is +necessary, as shown in figure \czwdraft{X}. + +Although this correction does resolve the row-by-row offset issue in a +satifactory way, large and bright astronomical objects can bias the +fit significantly. This results in an oversubtraction of the offset +near these objects. As the offsets are calculated on the pixel rows, +this oversubtraction is not uniform around the object, but is +preferentially along the $\pm x$ axis of the object. + +\czwdraft{keep this?} This row-by-row offset is visible in similar +camera designs, and has been removed by identifying the noise signal +in the pixel data stream. By taking the FFT of the pixels and a +reference signal, the frequency of this noise can be isolated and +removed, resulting in a much cleaner image. However, GPC1 does not +record the value of the reference signal, instead automatically +subtracting it from the data values. Without this comparison signal, +we have been unable to reproduce this method, as there is no obvious +FFT component visible. + +\subsection{Pattern Cell} + +As the bias level of a given cell may not exactly match that of its +neighbors, fitting a smooth background model results in over and +under-subtraction of the sky level at these discontinuities. The +PATTERN.CELL correction was the first attempt to remove this effect on +the worst cells, by forcing all the cells of an OTA to the same level. +Each cell has the median value measured, and then an offset added that +shifts each cell to match the median of these medians. + +This correction is reasonable when the astronomical signal is smooth, +with no objects that are large relative to the size of an individual +cell. However, the presence of large galaxies (or even bright stars) +can force some cells into a nearly arbitrary offset from their +neighbors. Because of this issue, we no longer apply this correction +to any data. + +\subsection{Pattern Continuity} + +As the PATTERN.CELL correction was clearly defective in many +situations, we designed a replacement correction that would distort +large objects less. In addition, studies of the background level +illustrated that the row-by-row bias introduces a small background +gradient along the rows of the cells. This results in a ``sawtooth'' +pattern across an OTA, and as the background model assumes a smooth +sky level, we saw evidence of over and under subtraction at cell +boundaries. As the PATTERN.CELL was designed to correct mean changes +between cells, it could not adequately resolve this higher order +issue. + +The replacment for PATTERN.CELL was the PATTERN.CONTINUITY correction, +which attempts to match the edges of a cell to those of its neighbors. +For each cell, a thin box on each edge is extracted and the median +value calculated for that box. These median values are then used to +construct a vector of differences $diff_i = \sum_{j,j'} Edge_{i,j} - +Edge)_{i',j'}$, along with a matrix of associations $A_{i,i'} = +\sum_{j,j'} \delta(j,j')$ denoting which cell boundary touches +another. By solving the system $A x = diff$, we can find the set of +offsets $x_i$ that should be applied to each cell to ensure the +minimum differences between cells. + +Due to the known slope in some cells, the effect of this correction is +to align the cells into a single ramp, at the expense of the absolute +background level. However, as we subtract off a smooth background +model, this absolute level is unimportant. The fact that the final +ramp is smoother than it would be otherwise also allows for the +background subtracted image to more closely match the astronomical +sky, without over- and under-subtractions at cell edges. + +%% \section{Fringe correction} + +%% \czwdraft{Due to variations in the thickness of the detectors, we observe interference patterns at the infrared (red?) end of the filters, as the wavelength of the light becomes comparable to these variations. Visually inspecting the images shows that the fringing is most prevalent in the y-filter images, with minimal fringing in other bands. Because of this, we only apply a fringe correction to the y data.} + +%% \czwdraft{The fringe is constructed by randomly determining a set of boxes for each OTA cell, and measuring the sky subtracted median value in those boxes for a series of images. These samples are selected at the same location on each image, allowing the astronomical signal to be removed. A least squares fit to the data is then calculated, providing the model of the fringe strength at that location.} + +%% \czwdraft{Applying the fringe is done in the same way, with samples measured across the image to determine the relative strength of the fringing in this image. The solution derived from the detrend is then scaled to match that observed in the science image, and subtracted away.} + +%% \section{Background subtraction} + +%% \czwdraft{A background model is generated for each OTA, once all the individual cells have been mosaicked together. Super-pixels are then defined that divide the image into XxY subregions, and the mean calculated for each subregion. This grid is shifted by a half-width, and the means recalculated, to double the sampling frequency. A background model is then calculated by interpolating over this sampled grid.} + + +\section{Discussion} + +\section{Conclusion} + +\end{document} Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.mission/Makefile =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.mission/Makefile (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.mission/Makefile (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.16 2006-01-16 01:11:40 eugene Exp $ + +help: + @echo "USAGE: make (target)" + @echo " targets: all mission" + +all: mission.pdf + +MISSION = mission.tex + +# pics/Metadata.ps +# pics/earthrot.ps + +mission.pdf: $(MISSION) + +mission.ps: $(MISSION) + +include ../Makefile.Common Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.mission/mission.tex =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.mission/mission.tex (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.mission/mission.tex (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,529 @@ +% PS-1 Latex template v. 7.0 C. Stubbs June 14 2011 (with thanks to Tex-gurus Michael Wood-Vasey, Gautham Narayan, and Ryan Foley) +%Please send corrections or suggestions to stubbs-at-physics.harvard.edu +% +% This Latex template file is designed to be useful to PS-1 consortium authors. +% The authorship and publication policies of the project are available at +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1SC_Publication_Policy +% +%The template assumes the AASTex style file, and the simple AAStex bibliography format. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% PS1 CONVENTIONS: +% +% Note there are some conventions to which Pan-STARRS1 papers should conform: +% The survey and the survey telescope/camera/software system are Pan-STARRS1, or PS1. +% The passbands are g_p1, r_p1, etc. and it's important to use these subscripted +% terms in order to clearly distinguish the PS1 photometric system from SDSS and +% other photometric systems that have similar names. Confusion will erupt if we are +% careful about this. We urge our colleagues to adopt the terms g_sn, r_sn, etc. +% for the comparable SDSS photometric system, under release DR. +% +% The MPC observatory code for PS1 is "F51" +% +% It is of utmost importance that we conform to the IAU object naming and designation standards. +% +% The IAU designation for any new PS1 objects is "PSO JDDD.DDDD+DD.DDDD" where the +% space between PSO and the subsequent string is mandatory, as is the inclusion of the "J" (which designates J2000). +% Any shortened names, such as PSO JDDD.D-DDDD must contain the J! +% This also means coordinates in names are *truncated* rather than rounded, to x.xxxx significance in RA and x.xxxx in Dec. +% Coordinates are reported in decimal degrees (J2000) for both RA and DEC, the four digits provides for 0.2" accuracy that +% has been chosen to both exploit the absolute coordinate accuracy and to prevent confusion other than PSF blending. +% The optional is a single ASCII character that designates "child" objects derived from some primary object. This might include, for, example, +% the QSO at the center of a galaxy, or if the QSO was declared first, the galaxy underneath it. Note that the 14 characters (ignoring +% decimal point, but including "+" and "-", are intended to be part of a 64-bit integer, with the last byte reserved for the "x" character +% in order to provide efficient hashing and searching for applications. +% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% CHECKLIST: +% +% Here is a partial checklist for PS1 paper authors (detailed instructions at http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1SC_Publication_Policy): +% - post intended project to the appropriate Key Project wiki site, and send email to KP leads and to science_council@ps1sc.org +% - ensure that magnitudes are in g_p1, etc designation +% - check to see if your objects already have a PSO designation and if so, be sure to use it! We don't want two names for the same object! +% - ensure that any new objects have designations that conform to the IAU standard. See above. +% - double-check the author list and institutional affiliations. +% - get the most recent builder list from http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Builders_aastex. Update as needed. What's listed here is OK as of 6/14/11. +% - enter short title and short authors in appropriate place below +% - conform to journal-specific guidelines +% - Are PS1 system papers cited, as appropriate? Is relevant prior work cited (not just yours!) ? Copies of the system technical papers are available at +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Publications +% - If the objects in your paper are likely to end up in an external database such as SIMBAD or NED, you can include an \object {} tag. Decide on this early, +% because you need to send off the objects to SIMBAD or NED so the journal can verify prior to publication. More and more journals are doing this, +% but not all. The Table example below has an illustration of this. +% - post paper draft to PS1SC through the consortium web site, at http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Publications +% - then send email to scientists@ps1sc.org announcing that draft is available, soliciting comments. Paper is still embargoed within PS1SC. +% - inform PS1 builders of the paper by sending email to builders@ps1sc.org, only positive affirmation implies inclusion. +% - decide if your project merits a press release. If so, coordinate with Ken Chambers and Gareth Winn-Williams and others as appropriate. +% standard phrasing for inclusion in Press Releases is at http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/Acknowledgment_for_PR +% - after a 3 week interval, window for comments has closed. Any builders who did not explicitly request inclusion can be dropped. +% - Revise as needed. +% - In coordination with Key Project leadership, submit the paper. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% +% This template has some Latex terms defined for your convenience, in the block below. +% +% Use trailing slash command after each of these to insert a space! +% +%\documentclass[12pt,preprint]{aastex} +%\documentclass[manuscript]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex} +\documentclass[preprint2,longabstract]{aastex} +\newcommand{\gps}{\ensuremath{g_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\rps}{\ensuremath{r_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\ips}{\ensuremath{i_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\zps}{\ensuremath{z_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\yps}{\ensuremath{y_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\wps}{\ensuremath{w_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\grizy}{\gps\rps\ips\zps\yps} +\newcommand{\PS}{\protect \hbox {Pan-STARRS1}} + +% Pick a terse version of the title here; +\shorttitle{Pan-STARRS Aliens} +\shortauthors{U.H. Author et al} +\begin{document} +\title{A Latex Template for the Production of Pan-STARRS1 Papers} +% +% PS1 paper authorship lists major paper contributors, followed by alphabetical list of PS1 builders, +% You'll want to shuffle the affiliation designations as needed. PS1 institutional addresses are +% provided below. Look here to get the most up-to-date list of builders and their institutional affiliations: +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Builders_aastex +% +% Note that any authors not from PS-1 institutions, that is not a PS1 builder, needs to secure external +% scientist status. Information on that process is available at +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/Pending_External_Scientists +% +% This example has a first author from UH: +\author{ +%% NOTE: do not leave spaces between or after authors +U.H.Firstauthor,\altaffilmark{1} +I.M. Anauthor,\altaffilmark{2} +M.E. Too,\altaffilmark{3} +%PS Builder List, delete or comment out as needed if any appear above this line. Affiliation numbers will likely need to be shuffled +% here and correspondingly in the institution list below +% List updated by S. Smartt 2013-04-30 and 2013-06-25, after Board approval of additional Builders. Now matches +%http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Builders_aastex +W. S. Burgett\altaffilmark{1}, +K. C. Chambers\altaffilmark{1}, +L. Denneau\altaffilmark{1}, +P. Draper\altaffilmark{4}, +H. Flewelling\altaffilmark{1}, +T. Grav\altaffilmark{5}, +J. N. Heasley\altaffilmark{1}, +K. W. Hodapp\altaffilmark{1}, +M. E. Huber\altaffilmark{1}, +R. Jedicke\altaffilmark{1}, +N. Kaiser\altaffilmark{1}, +R.-P. Kudritzki\altaffilmark{1}, +G. A. Luppino\altaffilmark{1}, +R. H. Lupton\altaffilmark{6}, +E. A. Magnier\altaffilmark{1}, +N. Metcalfe\altaffilmark{2}, +D. G. Monet\altaffilmark{7}, +J. S. Morgan\altaffilmark{1}, +P. M. Onaka\altaffilmark{1}, +P. A. Price\altaffilmark{1}, +C. W. Stubbs\altaffilmark{8}, +W. Sweeney\altaffilmark{1}, +J. L. Tonry\altaffilmark{1}, +R. J. Wainscoat\altaffilmark{1}. +C. Waters\altaffilmark{1}, +% this bracket terminates author list +} + +% The ordering here should be sequential, matching the sequence in the list of authors: +\altaffiltext{1}{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +\altaffiltext{2}{Another most excellent PS1 partner institution, copy from list below} +\altaffiltext{3}{Another most excellent PS1 partner institution, copy from list below} +\altaffiltext{4}{Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK} +\altaffiltext{5}{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +\altaffiltext{6}{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +\altaffiltext{7}{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +\altaffiltext{8}{Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA} + + +% Here is a list of PS-1 Institution addresses, for inclusion above. send corrections to stubbs-at-physics.harvard.edu +% +%{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +%{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138} +%{Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA 02138} +%{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +%{Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, QueenÕs University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK} +%{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +%{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +%{Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany} +%{Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Kšnigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany} +%{Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, QueenÕs University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK} +%{Department of Physics. University of Durham Science Laboratories, South Road Durham DH1 3LE, UK} +%{Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc.,6740 Cortona Dr. Suite 102 Santa Barbara CA 93117, USA} + %{National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan } +%{SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK} +%{Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +% +% Don't use our macros in the abstract, likely won't work right in arXiv server? +\begin{abstract} + +The Pan-STARRS1 survey has obtained multi-epoch imaging in 5 bands (\grizy) over +the entire sky North of declination $-$30, and we have done good things with the results. +We have detected thousands of alien civilizations, some with measurable proper motions. +They are headed towards us. +\end{abstract} + +% insert additional keywords as appropriate: +\keywords{Surveys:\PS } + +\vfil +\eject +\clearpage + +\section{INTRODUCTION} +\label{sec:intro} + +We present our most excellent results from \PS. + +% Note trailing slash after shorthand commands to force an appropriate space, when needed. + +The remainder of the introduction summarizes the \PS\ survey system. The observations we used are described in Section +\ref{sec:observations}. Data processing is outlined in Section \ref{sec:processing}, +and results are shown in Section \ref{sec:results}, followed by our conclusions and discussion in Section \ref{sec:discussion}. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Boilerplate system description begins here. This is presented to save PS1 authors some time, keep/modify as much of this as you +% think appropriate. Or write your own... You can download the PS1 technical papers from +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Publications +% (see the bottom of the wiki page). + +\subsection{The Pan-STARRS1 Telescope, Camera, and Image Processing} + +The Pan-STARRS1 system is a high-etendue wide-field imaging system, designed for dedicated survey observations. The system +is installed on the peak of Haleakala on the island of Maui in the Hawaiian island chain. Routine observations are conducted remotely, +from the Waiakoa Laboratory in Pukalani. We provide below a terse summary of the Pan-STARRS1 survey instrumentation. +A more complete description of the Pan-STARRS1 system, both hardware and software, is provided by \cite{PS1_system}. The +survey philosophy and execution strategy are described in \cite{PS_MDRM}. + +The Pan-STARRS1 optical design \citep{PS1_optics} uses a 1.8~meter diameter $f$/4.4 primary mirror, and a 0.9~m secondary. +The resulting converging beam then passes through two refractive correctors, an +interference filter with a clear aperture diameter of 496 mm, and a final refractive corrector that is the +dewar window. The telescope illuminates a diameter of 3.3 degrees, with low distortion, +with some vignetting at the edges of this illuminated region. +The Pan-STARRS1 imager \citep{PS1_GPCA} comprises a total of 60 $4800\times4800$ pixel detectors, with 10~$\mu$m pixels that subtend 0.258~arcsec. +The detectors are back-illuminated CCDs manufactured by Lincoln Laboratory. The detectors are read out using a StarGrasp CCD controller, +with a readout time of 7 seconds for a full unbinned image. Initial performance assessments are presented in \cite{PS1_GPCB}. + +%note trailing slash command where space required after passband macros +The \PS\ observations are obtained through a set of five broadband +filters, which we have designated as \gps, \rps, \ips, \zps, and +\yps. Under certain circumstances \PS\ observations are obtained with +a sixth, ``wide'' filter designated as \wps\ that essentially spans +\gps, \rps, and \ips. Although the filter system for \PS\ has much in +common with that used in previous surveys, such as SDSS \citep{SDSS}, there +are important differences. The \gps\ filter extends 20~nm redward of +$g_{SDSS}$, paying the price of 5577\AA\ sky emission for greater +sensitivity and lower systematics for photometric redshifts, and the +\zps\ filter is cut off at 930~nm, giving it a different response than +the detector response defined $z_{SDSS}$. SDSS has no corresponding +\yps\ filter. Further information on the passband shapes is described +in \cite{PS_lasercal}. +Provisional response +functions (including 1.3 airmasses of atmosphere) are available +at the project's web site \footnote[1]{http://svn.pan-starrs.ifa.hawaii.edu/trac/ipp/wiki/PS1\_Photometric\_System}. Photometry is in the ``natural'' \PS\ +system, $m=-2.5log(flux)+m'$, with a single zeropoint adjustment $m'$ made in each band to conform to the AB magnitude scale \citep{JTphoto}. +\PS\ magnitudes are interpreted as being at the top of the atmosphere, with 1.3 airmasses of atmospheric attenuation being included in the +system response function. No correction for Galactic extinction is applied to the \PS\ magnitudes. +We stress that, like SDSS, \PS\ uses the AB +photometric system and there is no arbitrariness in the definition. Flux representations are limited +only by how accurately we know the system response function vs. wavelength. + +Images obtained by the Pan-STARRS1 system are processed through the Image Processing Pipeline (IPP) \citep{PS1_IPP}, +on a computer cluster at the Maui High Performance Computer Center. The pipeline runs the images through a succession of stages, +including flat-fielding (``de-trending''), a flux-conserving warping to a sky-based image plane, masking and artifact removal, and object detection and +photometry. The IPP also performs image subtraction to allow for the prompt detection of variables and transient phenomena. Mask and variance arrays +are carried forward at each stage of the IPP processing. Photometric and astrometric measurements performed by the IPP system are described in \cite{PS1_photometry} +and \cite{PS1_astrometry} respectively. + +The details of the photometric calibration and the \PS\ zeropoint +scale will be presented in a subsequent publication \citep{JTphoto}, +and \cite{EMphoto} will provide the application to a consistent +photometric catalog over the 3/4 sky observed by \PS. + +% Boilerplate system description ends here. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{OBSERVATIONS} +\label{sec:observations} + +% define which set of PS1 observations went into your paper. +This paper uses images and photometry from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Field survey. In addition +to covering the sky at $\delta>-30\deg$ in 5 bands, +the Pan-STARRS1 survey has obtained deeper multi-epoch images in the PS1 \gps, \rps, \ips, \zps\ and \yps\ bands of the +fields listed in Table \ref{table:fields}. The typical Medium-deep cadence of observations is presented in Table \ref{table:cadence}, +and the 5 $\sigma$ point source detection limits achieved in the various \grizy\ bands, as well as other statistics of +potential interest, are presented in Table \ref{table:depths}, for +the co-added stacks over the observing period presented here. + +% This is an illustration of a simple Table. The coordinates of the Medium-Deep fields are correct, and +% are the actual telescope boresight pointings and supersede any prior list.PS1 uses decimal degrees (J2000) for +% both RA and DEC. + +\begin{table}[htdp] +\caption{\PS\ Medium-Deep Field Centers. } +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{lrr} +\hline +\hline +{\bf Field} & {\bf RA (degrees, J2000)} & {\bf Dec (degrees, J2000)} \\ +\hline +MD00 & 10.675 & $ 41.267$ \\ +MD01 & 35.875 & $ -4.250$ \\ +MD02 & 53.100 & $-27.800$ \\ +MD03 & 130.592 & $ 44.317$ \\ +MD04 & 150.000 & $ 2.200$ \\ +MD05 & 161.917 & $ 58.083$ \\ +MD06 & 185.000 & $ 47.117$ \\ +MD07 & 213.704 & $ 53.083$ \\ +MD08 & 242.787 & $ 54.950$ \\ +MD09 & 334.188 & $ 0.283$ \\ +MD10 & 352.312 & $ -0.433$ \\ +MD11 & 270.000 & $ 66.561$ \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\label{table:fields} +\end{table} + + +\begin{table}[htdp] +\caption{\PS\ Medium-Deep Survey, typical cadence. FM$\pm$3 designates 3 nights on either side of Full Moon.} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{ccr} +\hline +\hline +{\bf Night} & {\bf Filter} & {\bf Exposure Time} \\ +\hline +1 & \gps \& \rps & 8$\times$113s each\\ +2 & \ips & 8$\times$240s \\ +3 & \zps & 8$\times$240s \\ +4 & \gps \& \rps & 8$\times$113s each \\ +repeats... & \nodata & \nodata \\ +FM$\pm3$ & \yps & 8$\times$240s \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\label{table:cadence} +\end{table} + +% These are the detection limits for Medium-Deep analysis done by Tonry as of May 31, 2011. +\begin{table}[htdp] +\caption{\PS\ MDF Statistics, Apr 2009--Apr 2011.} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{lcrcccclcrcccc} +\hline +\hline +Field&Filter& $N$ & $\log t$ & $PSF$ & $\langle w\rangle$ & $m_{lim}$ & +Field&Filter& $N$ & $\log t$ & $PSF$ & $\langle w\rangle$ & $m_{lim}$\\ +\hline +MD01 & g & 42 & 4.7 & 1.25 & 1.55 & 24.5 & MD06 & g & 38 & 4.6 & 1.25 & 1.56 & 24.4\\ +MD01 & r & 42 & 4.7 & 1.15 & 1.35 & 24.4 & MD06 & r & 39 & 4.6 & 1.18 & 1.45 & 24.2\\ +MD01 & i & 41 & 4.9 & 1.05 & 1.27 & 24.4 & MD06 & i & 41 & 4.9 & 1.14 & 1.39 & 24.3\\ +MD01 & z & 41 & 4.9 & 1.03 & 1.24 & 23.9 & MD06 & z & 38 & 4.9 & 1.05 & 1.30 & 23.7\\ +MD01 & y & 21 & 4.6 & 0.95 & 1.17 & 22.4 & MD06 & y & 24 & 4.7 & 1.00 & 1.25 & 22.4\\ +MD02 & g & 30 & 4.5 & 1.31 & 1.79 & 24.2 & MD07 & g & 36 & 4.5 & 1.23 & 1.68 & 24.3\\ +MD02 & r & 29 & 4.5 & 1.20 & 1.74 & 24.1 & MD07 & r & 39 & 4.5 & 1.13 & 1.46 & 24.2\\ +MD02 & i & 30 & 4.8 & 1.11 & 1.50 & 24.2 & MD07 & i & 39 & 4.9 & 1.14 & 1.44 & 24.2\\ +MD02 & z & 33 & 4.8 & 1.06 & 1.30 & 23.6 & MD07 & z & 43 & 4.9 & 1.08 & 1.37 & 23.7\\ +MD02 & y & 16 & 4.5 & 1.14 & 1.42 & 22.1 & MD07 & y & 30 & 4.8 & 1.01 & 1.28 & 22.5\\ +MD03 & g & 38 & 4.6 & 1.18 & 1.44 & 24.5 & MD08 & g & 38 & 4.5 & 1.27 & 1.68 & 24.3\\ +MD03 & r & 37 & 4.6 & 1.09 & 1.28 & 24.4 & MD08 & r & 38 & 4.5 & 1.14 & 1.47 & 24.2\\ +MD03 & i & 41 & 4.9 & 1.06 & 1.31 & 24.4 & MD08 & i & 33 & 4.8 & 1.07 & 1.34 & 24.2\\ +MD03 & z & 42 & 5.0 & 1.03 & 1.27 & 23.9 & MD08 & z & 40 & 4.9 & 1.09 & 1.39 & 23.7\\ +MD03 & y & 20 & 4.6 & 1.00 & 1.36 & 22.4 & MD08 & y & 32 & 4.9 & 0.98 & 1.27 & 22.7\\ +MD04 & g & 35 & 4.6 & 1.17 & 1.52 & 24.5 & MD09 & g & 34 & 4.5 & 1.26 & 1.55 & 24.3\\ +MD04 & r & 37 & 4.6 & 1.09 & 1.46 & 24.3 & MD09 & r & 33 & 4.5 & 1.15 & 1.42 & 24.1\\ +MD04 & i & 35 & 4.9 & 1.07 & 1.35 & 24.3 & MD09 & i & 34 & 4.8 & 1.02 & 1.36 & 24.3\\ +MD04 & z & 28 & 4.8 & 1.03 & 1.32 & 23.6 & MD09 & z & 34 & 4.8 & 1.02 & 1.26 & 23.7\\ +MD04 & y & 8 & 4.3 & 1.03 & 1.21 & 22.0 & MD09 & y & 12 & 4.3 & 0.94 & 1.12 & 22.0\\ +MD05 & g & 42 & 4.6 & 1.24 & 1.58 & 24.4 & MD10 & g & 30 & 4.5 & 1.26 & 1.60 & 24.2\\ +MD05 & r & 40 & 4.6 & 1.17 & 1.46 & 24.3 & MD10 & r & 33 & 4.5 & 1.18 & 1.53 & 24.2\\ +MD05 & i & 34 & 4.8 & 1.06 & 1.44 & 24.3 & MD10 & i & 30 & 4.8 & 1.01 & 1.31 & 24.2\\ +MD05 & z & 27 & 4.8 & 0.99 & 1.27 & 23.6 & MD10 & z & 28 & 4.8 & 1.03 & 1.24 & 23.6\\ +MD05 & y & 17 & 4.6 & 1.02 & 1.33 & 22.3 & MD10 & y & 11 & 4.4 & 0.96 & 1.22 & 22.2\\ +MD11 & g & 1 & 3.0 & 1.17 & 1.45 & 22.4 & MD00 & g & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata\\ +MD11 & r & 1 & 3.0 & 1.12 & 1.30 & 22.3 & MD00 & r &101 & 4.9 & 1.03 & 1.30 & 24.8\\ +MD11 & i & 3 & 3.8 & 1.13 & 1.47 & 22.9 & MD00 & i & 66 & 4.6 & 0.96 & 1.25 & 24.0\\ +MD11 & z & 4 & 3.9 & 1.34 & 1.81 & 22.2 & MD00 & z & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata\\ +MD11 & y & 5 & 4.0 & 0.96 & 1.21 & 21.6 & MD00 & y & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata\\ +\end{tabular} +\label{table:depths} +\end{center} +\tablecomments{$N$ is the number of nights of observation, + $\log t$ is the $\log_{10}$ of the net exposure time + in sec, ``$PSF$'' is the DoPhot FWHM of the {\it core-skirt} PSF in the + stack-stacks, $\langle w\rangle$ is the median IPP FWHM of the observations, + and $m_{lim}$ is the 5$\sigma$ detection limit for point sources.} + +\end{table} + +\section{DATA PROCESSING} +\label{sec:processing} + +The Pan-STARRS1 IPP system performed flatfielding on each of the individual images, using white light flatfield images +from a dome screen, in combination with an illumination correction obtained by rastering sources across the +field of view. Bad pixel masks were applied, and carried forward for use in the stacking stage. After determining +an initial astrometric solution, the flat-fielded images were then warped onto the tangent plane of the sky, using a flux +conserving algorithm. The plate scale for the warped images is 0.200 arcsec/pixel. + +\section{RESULTS} +\label{sec:results} + +Our most excellent results were produced by turning each \PS\ image upside down and shaking vigorously. +The extragalactic civilizations we detected are listed in Table \ref{table:PS1_list}. For those in a recumbent +pose, a rotated version of the discovery table is provided in Table \ref{table:deluxerotated}. An example of an +illustration is presented in Figure \ref{fig:phot}. + +%there are numerous ways to include figures, here is one: +\begin{figure}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\centerline{\includegraphics[width=6.5in]{../sample.ps}} +\caption{The SDSS magnitude definition departs from $2.5 log(flux)$ convention at faint magnitudes. +{\it Caveat emptor}. This is but one of many reasons to clearly designate which photometric system is +being used, and one reason why we insist on the \grizy\ nomenclature. The authors thank M. Wood-Vasey for generating this plot.} +\label{fig:phot} +\end{center} +\end{figure} + + +\clearpage + +% Note excellent use of trailing slash to force a space after \yps, thanks to Michael Wood-Vasey: +{\bf Please conform to the \gps, \rps, \ips, \zps, \yps, \wps\ convention when reporting PS1 magnitudes, and to the (provisional) +IAU convention for object names: + +PSO JRRR.rrrr+DD.dddd + +\noindent +where RRR.rrrr and +DD.dddd are RA and Dec in decimal degrees (J2000). Keep this number of digits of precision, please, but no more. +See preamble comments in Tex template for further information.} + +%Example tables with PS1 objects, including tags for linkage to external databases. +% The IAU conventions on naming objects should be rigorously followed. See +% http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/vizier/Dic/iau-spec.htx#3.6 +% See also http://www.sdss.org/DR3/coverage/IAU.html. +% Note coordinates are truncated and not rounded, for generating names! +% +% Note the use of \object{} tag on OBJID column. See recent AASTex documentation for +% how links can be made to external data sets. + + + +\clearpage +\begin{table}[htdp] +\caption{Pan-STARRS1 Candidate Detections of other Civilizations in the Galaxy. All astrometry is for equinox J2000 and epoch MJD=xxxx. +Magnitudes are on the Pan-STARRS1 \grizy\ system.} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{cccccc} +\hline +\hline + OBJID & RA (J2000) & Dec (J2000) & \gps & $\sigma\gps$ & Number of Aliens \\ +\hline +\object{PSO J130.0586+44.3216} & 130.0586 & +44.3216 & 23.35 & 0.08 & about two billion \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\label{table:PS1_list} +\end{table}% + +% this is a fancier table, rotated to fit more columns. Note the use of \object{} tag on OBJID column. See recent AASTex documentation for +% how links can be made to external data sets. +\clearpage +\begin{deluxetable}{rrrrrrrrrr} +\rotate +\tablewidth{9in} +\tablecolumns{10} +\tablecaption{Pan-STARRS1 Detections of Alien Civilizations, Rotated} +\tablehead{ +\colhead{OBJID} & +\colhead{RA (J2000)} & +\colhead{Dec (J2000)} & +\colhead{\gps} & +\colhead{$\sigma$\gps} & +\colhead{\rps} & +\colhead{$\sigma$\rps} & +\colhead{\yps} & +\colhead{$\sigma$\yps} & +\colhead{Alien Population} +} +\startdata +\object{PSO J130.0586+44.3216} & 130.0586 & +44.3216 & +23.24 & 0.04 & 24.52 & 0.10 & \nodata & \nodata & 1 Billion \\ +\enddata +\label{table:deluxerotated} +\end{deluxetable} + +\section{DISCUSSION} +\label{sec:discussion} + +We conclude that this works all too well. The aliens will be here soon. + +%please leave this part in: +{\it Facilities:} \facility{PS1 (GPC1)} + +\acknowledgments + +% You'll want to add any other grants, etc. here but this aspect is mandatory for PS1 papers: +The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) have been made possible through contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, Queen's University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1238877, and the University of Maryland. + +\clearpage +% Some PS1 hardware and software papers are included below, use as you see fit but it's certainly appropriate to cite PS1 system papers! +\begin{thebibliography} + +% SDSS reference +\bibitem[Abazajian, K.~N. {\it et al.}(2009)]{SDSS} Abazajian, K.~N. {\it et al.} (The SDSS Collaboration) \ 2009 \apjs, {\bf 182}, 543. +%PS1 Modified Design Reference Mission + +\bibitem[Chambers {\it et al.}(in prep)]{PS_MDRM} Chambers, K.~C, {\it et al.}, in preparation. + +%PS1 Optical Design +\bibitem[Hodapp {\it et al.}(2004)]{PS1_optics} Hodapp, K.~W., Siegmund, +W.~A., Kaiser, N., Chambers, K.~C., Laux, U., Morgan, J., +\& Mannery, E.\ 2004, \procspie, {\bf 5489}, 667 + +%PS1 system overview paper. +\bibitem[Kaiser {\it et al.}(2010)]{PS1_system} Kaiser, N., {\it et al.} \ 2010, \procspie, {\bf 7733}, 12K. + +%References to IPP pipeline: +%Overall IPP reference +\bibitem[Magnier(2006)]{PS1_IPP} Magnier, E.\ 2006, Proceedings of The Advanced +Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, Ed.: S. Ryan, The Maui Economic Development Board, p.E5 + +%IPP photometry +\bibitem[Magnier(2007)]{PS1_photometry} Magnier, E.\ 2007, The Future +of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization, ASP Conference Series {\bf 364}, 153 + +%IPP astrometry +\bibitem[Magnier {\it et al.}(2008)]{PS1_astrometry} Magnier, E.~A., Liu, +M., Monet, D.~G., \& Chambers, K.~C.\ 2008, IAU Symposium, {\bf 248}, 553 + +% Photometric catalog +\bibitem[Magnier {\it et al.}(in prep)]{EMphoto} Magnier, E., {\it et al.}, in preparation. + +%GPC-1 camera paper B +\bibitem[Onaka {\it et al.}(2008)]{PS1_GPCB} Onaka, P., Tonry, J.~L., +Isani, S., Lee, A., Uyeshiro, R., Rae, C., Robertson, L., +\& Ching, G.\ 2008, \procspie, {\bf 7014}, 12O + +% Laser calibration of PS1 system throughput +\bibitem[Stubbs {\it et al.~}(2010)]{PS_lasercal} Stubbs, C.~W., Doherty, +P., Cramer, C., Narayan, G., Brown, Y.~J., Lykke, K.~R., Woodward, J.~T., +\& Tonry, J.~L.\ 2010, \apjs, {\bf 191}, 376 + +% GPC-1 camera paper A +\bibitem[Tonry \& Onaka(2009)]{PS1_GPCA} Tonry, J., \& Onaka, P.\ 2009, Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, +Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, Ed.: S. Ryan, p.E40. + +% Photometric system calibration papers +\bibitem[Tonry {\it et al.~}(in prep)]{JTphoto} Tonry, J.~L., {\it et al.}, in preparation. + + +\end{thebibliography} + + +\end{document} + Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.release.tex =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.release.tex (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1.release.tex (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +\documentclass[11pt]{article} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{color} +\usepackage{astro} +\usepackage{myaas} +\usepackage{natbib} +\usepackage{nsfprop} +\usepackage{epsfig} + +\setlength{\voffset}{-57pt} % default = 0pt +\setlength{\hoffset}{0.0in} +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.0in} % default = 31pt +\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.0in} +\setlength{\textwidth}{6.5in} +\setlength{\textheight}{9.0in} + +% paragraph indents, etc: +% NOTE : I am using a parskip and no paragraph indent +\setlength{\parindent}{0pt} % indent for 2nd and on paragraphs +\setlength{\parskip}{4.0pt} % note that this works with the parskip package to avoid breaking lists + +\begin{document} + +\title{PS1 Release Papers -- Outline} + +Here is a proposed outline of papers to be written coincident with the PS1 data release. + +\section{PS1 Survey Mission (KC)} + +This paper will outline the different surveys, discuss the survey +strategy, the data quality, and the efforts to improve the data +quality as the survey proceeded. + +\subsection{Outline} + +\begin{verbatim} +* Introduction + * Previous similar surveys + * POSS + * SDSS + * 2MASS + * Science Drivers + * Initial Proposal (PS4) +* PS1 Telescope Description + * Physical Characteristics + * Construction +* GPC1 camera +* PS1 Surveys + * 3PI + * MD + * Solar System + * STS + * M31 +* Data Quality +\end{verbatim} + +%there are numerous ways to include figures, here is one: +\begin{figure}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\parbox{6.5in}{ +\includegraphics[width=3.2in]{sample.ps} +\includegraphics[width=3.2in]{sample.ps} +} +\includegraphics[width=6.5in]{sample.wide.ps} +\caption{Plots of the sky coverage of the \TPS\ through 21 Jan 2012. + The color shows the number of separate exposures overlapping the + given location, as indicated by the color scale. The left panel + shows the distribution for \gps\ while the right panel shows the + distribution for \yps. The distributions for \rps \& \ips are + similar to \gps, while that of \zps mimicks + \yps.} \label{fig:coverage} +\end{center} +\end{figure} + +\section{PS1 IPP Pixel Processing (CZW)} + +This paper will discuss the way in which the pixels are processed, +starting from the raw pixels, applying the detrends and masking, +warping analysis, and stacking analysis. Should this include the +difference analysis? + +\subsection{Outline} + +\begin{verbatim} +* Introduction +* Raw Data Description +* Basic Detrending Steps + * Overscan + * Dark + * Flats + * Fringes +* Non-traditional / Non-linear issues + * Persistence & Burntool + * faint-end non-linearity + * regions of bad CTE +* Variance Maps +* Static Masks +* Dynamic Masks + * Ghosts + * Glints + * Diffraction Spikes +* Magic +* Warping + * warping kernel + * linear-by-pieces + * Covariance + * def of skycells? +* Stacking + * pixel combination rules + * pixel rejections + * convolution for matching (success and failure) +* Difference Image analysis +\end{verbatim} + +\section{PS1 IPP Pixel Analysis (EAM)} + +This paper will basically discuss psphot and its use in object +detection and characterization. This includes all of the galaxy +measurements being made. + +\subsection{Outline} + +\begin{verbatim} +\end{verbatim} + +\section{PS1 Calibration (EAM)} + +This paper will basically the astrometric and photometric calibration +of the final release (and the early release if I can do it?). + +\subsection{Outline} + +\begin{verbatim} +\end{verbatim} + +\section{PS1 Systematics (EAM)} + +This paper will basically various systematic effects which are known +but not included in the calibration analysis. + +\subsection{Outline} + +\begin{verbatim} +\end{verbatim} + +\section{PS1 MD fields (MEH)} + +This paper will discuss the Medium Deep fields, especially as they +differ from the 3pi analysis. + +\subsection{Outline} + +\begin{verbatim} +\end{verbatim} + +\section{PS1 Release Data Products (HAF)} + +\subsection{Outline} + +\begin{verbatim} +\end{verbatim} + +\end{document} Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1_template_v12.tex =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1_template_v12.tex (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/ps1_template_v12.tex (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,530 @@ +% PS-1 Latex template v. 7.0 C. Stubbs June 14 2011 (with thanks to Tex-gurus Michael Wood-Vasey, Gautham Narayan, and Ryan Foley) +%Please send corrections or suggestions to stubbs-at-physics.harvard.edu +% +% This Latex template file is designed to be useful to PS-1 consortium authors. +% The authorship and publication policies of the project are available at +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1SC_Publication_Policy +% +%The template assumes the AASTex style file, and the simple AAStex bibliography format. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% PS1 CONVENTIONS: +% +% Note there are some conventions to which Pan-STARRS1 papers should conform: +% The survey and the survey telescope/camera/software system are Pan-STARRS1, or PS1. +% The passbands are g_p1, r_p1, etc. and it's important to use these subscripted +% terms in order to clearly distinguish the PS1 photometric system from SDSS and +% other photometric systems that have similar names. Confusion will erupt if we are +% careful about this. We urge our colleagues to adopt the terms g_sn, r_sn, etc. +% for the comparable SDSS photometric system, under release DR. +% +% The MPC observatory code for PS1 is "F51" +% +% It is of utmost importance that we conform to the IAU object naming and designation standards. +% +% The IAU designation for any new PS1 objects is "PSO JDDD.DDDD+DD.DDDD" where the +% space between PSO and the subsequent string is mandatory, as is the inclusion of the "J" (which designates J2000). +% Any shortened names, such as PSO JDDD.D-DDDD must contain the J! +% This also means coordinates in names are *truncated* rather than rounded, to x.xxxx significance in RA and x.xxxx in Dec. +% Coordinates are reported in decimal degrees (J2000) for both RA and DEC, the four digits provides for 0.2" accuracy that +% has been chosen to both exploit the absolute coordinate accuracy and to prevent confusion other than PSF blending. +% The optional is a single ASCII character that designates "child" objects derived from some primary object. This might include, for, example, +% the QSO at the center of a galaxy, or if the QSO was declared first, the galaxy underneath it. Note that the 14 characters (ignoring +% decimal point, but including "+" and "-", are intended to be part of a 64-bit integer, with the last byte reserved for the "x" character +% in order to provide efficient hashing and searching for applications. +% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% CHECKLIST: +% +% Here is a partial checklist for PS1 paper authors (detailed instructions at http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1SC_Publication_Policy): +% - post intended project to the appropriate Key Project wiki site, and send email to KP leads and to science_council@ps1sc.org +% - ensure that magnitudes are in g_p1, etc designation +% - check to see if your objects already have a PSO designation and if so, be sure to use it! We don't want two names for the same object! +% - ensure that any new objects have designations that conform to the IAU standard. See above. +% - double-check the author list and institutional affiliations. +% - get the most recent builder list from http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Builders_aastex. Update as needed. What's listed here is OK as of 6/14/11. +% - enter short title and short authors in appropriate place below +% - conform to journal-specific guidelines +% - Are PS1 system papers cited, as appropriate? Is relevant prior work cited (not just yours!) ? Copies of the system technical papers are available at +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Publications +% - If the objects in your paper are likely to end up in an external database such as SIMBAD or NED, you can include an \object {} tag. Decide on this early, +% because you need to send off the objects to SIMBAD or NED so the journal can verify prior to publication. More and more journals are doing this, +% but not all. The Table example below has an illustration of this. +% - post paper draft to PS1SC through the consortium web site, at http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Publications +% - then send email to scientists@ps1sc.org announcing that draft is available, soliciting comments. Paper is still embargoed within PS1SC. +% - inform PS1 builders of the paper by sending email to builders@ps1sc.org, only positive affirmation implies inclusion. +% - decide if your project merits a press release. If so, coordinate with Ken Chambers and Gareth Winn-Williams and others as appropriate. +% standard phrasing for inclusion in Press Releases is at http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/Acknowledgment_for_PR +% - after a 3 week interval, window for comments has closed. Any builders who did not explicitly request inclusion can be dropped. +% - Revise as needed. +% - In coordination with Key Project leadership, submit the paper. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% +% This template has some Latex terms defined for your convenience, in the block below. +% +% Use trailing slash command after each of these to insert a space! +% +\documentclass[12pt,preprint]{aastex} +%\documentclass[manuscript]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2,longabstract]{aastex} +\newcommand{\gps}{\ensuremath{g_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\rps}{\ensuremath{r_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\ips}{\ensuremath{i_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\zps}{\ensuremath{z_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\yps}{\ensuremath{y_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\wps}{\ensuremath{w_{\rm P1}}} +\newcommand{\grizy}{\gps\rps\ips\zps\yps} +\newcommand{\PS}{\protect \hbox {Pan-STARRS1}} + +% Pick a terse version of the title here; +\shorttitle{Pan-STARRS Aliens} +\shortauthors{U.H. Author et al} +\begin{document} +\title{A Latex Template for the Production of Pan-STARRS1 Papers} +% +% PS1 paper authorship lists major paper contributors, followed by alphabetical list of PS1 builders, +% You'll want to shuffle the affiliation designations as needed. PS1 institutional addresses are +% provided below. Look here to get the most up-to-date list of builders and their institutional affiliations: +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Builders_aastex +% +% Note that any authors not from PS-1 institutions, that is not a PS1 builder, needs to secure external +% scientist status. Information on that process is available at +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/Pending_External_Scientists +% +% This example has a first author from UH: +\author{ +U.H.Firstauthor,\altaffilmark{1} +I.M. Anauthor,\altaffilmark{2} +M.E. Too,\altaffilmark{3} +%PS Builder List, delete or comment out as needed if any appear above this line. Affiliation numbers will likely need to be shuffled +% here and correspondingly in the institution list below +% List updated by S. Smartt 2013-04-30 and 2013-06-25, after Board approval of additional Builders. Now matches +%http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Builders_aastex + +W. S. Burgett\altaffilmark{1}, +K. C. Chambers\altaffilmark{1}, +L. Denneau\altaffilmark{1}, +P. Draper\altaffilmark{4}, +H. Flewelling\altaffilmark{1}, +T. Grav\altaffilmark{5}, +J. N. Heasley\altaffilmark{1}, +K. W. Hodapp\altaffilmark{1}, +M. E. Huber\altaffilmark{1}, +R. Jedicke\altaffilmark{1}, +N. Kaiser\altaffilmark{1}, +R.-P. Kudritzki\altaffilmark{1}, +G. A. Luppino\altaffilmark{1}, +R. H. Lupton\altaffilmark{6}, +E. A. Magnier\altaffilmark{1}, +N. Metcalfe\altaffilmark{2}, +D. G. Monet\altaffilmark{7}, +J. S. Morgan\altaffilmark{1}, +P. M. Onaka\altaffilmark{1}, +P. A. Price\altaffilmark{1}, +C. W. Stubbs\altaffilmark{8}, +W. Sweeney\altaffilmark{1}, +J. L. Tonry\altaffilmark{1}, +R. J. Wainscoat\altaffilmark{1}. +C. Waters\altaffilmark{1}, + +% this bracket terminates author list +} + +% The ordering here should be sequential, matching the sequence in the list of authors: +\altaffiltext{1}{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +\altaffiltext{2}{Another most excellent PS1 partner institution, copy from list below} +\altaffiltext{3}{Another most excellent PS1 partner institution, copy from list below} +\altaffiltext{4}{Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK} +\altaffiltext{5}{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +\altaffiltext{6}{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +\altaffiltext{7}{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +\altaffiltext{8}{Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA} + + +% Here is a list of PS-1 Institution addresses, for inclusion above. send corrections to stubbs-at-physics.harvard.edu +% +%{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +%{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138} +%{Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA 02138} +%{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +%{Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, QueenÕs University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK} +%{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +%{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +%{Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany} +%{Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Kšnigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany} +%{Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, QueenÕs University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK} +%{Department of Physics. University of Durham Science Laboratories, South Road Durham DH1 3LE, UK} +%{Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc.,6740 Cortona Dr. Suite 102 Santa Barbara CA 93117, USA} + %{National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan } +%{SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK} +%{Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +% +% Don't use our macros in the abstract, likely won't work right in arXiv server? +\begin{abstract} + +The Pan-STARRS1 survey has obtained multi-epoch imaging in 5 bands (\grizy) over +the entire sky North of declination $-$30, and we have done good things with the results. +We have detected thousands of alien civilizations, some with measurable proper motions. +They are headed towards us. +\end{abstract} + +% insert additional keywords as appropriate: +\keywords{Surveys:\PS } + +\vfil +\eject +\clearpage + +\section{INTRODUCTION} +\label{sec:intro} + +We present our most excellent results from \PS. + +% Note trailing slash after shorthand commands to force an appropriate space, when needed. + +The remainder of the introduction summarizes the \PS\ survey system. The observations we used are described in Section +\ref{sec:observations}. Data processing is outlined in Section \ref{sec:processing}, +and results are shown in Section \ref{sec:results}, followed by our conclusions and discussion in Section \ref{sec:discussion}. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Boilerplate system description begins here. This is presented to save PS1 authors some time, keep/modify as much of this as you +% think appropriate. Or write your own... You can download the PS1 technical papers from +% http://ps1sc.ifa.hawaii.edu/PS1wiki/index.php/PS1_Publications +% (see the bottom of the wiki page). + +\subsection{The Pan-STARRS1 Telescope, Camera, and Image Processing} + +The Pan-STARRS1 system is a high-etendue wide-field imaging system, designed for dedicated survey observations. The system +is installed on the peak of Haleakala on the island of Maui in the Hawaiian island chain. Routine observations are conducted remotely, +from the Waiakoa Laboratory in Pukalani. We provide below a terse summary of the Pan-STARRS1 survey instrumentation. +A more complete description of the Pan-STARRS1 system, both hardware and software, is provided by \cite{PS1_system}. The +survey philosophy and execution strategy are described in \cite{PS_MDRM}. + +The Pan-STARRS1 optical design \citep{PS1_optics} uses a 1.8~meter diameter $f$/4.4 primary mirror, and a 0.9~m secondary. +The resulting converging beam then passes through two refractive correctors, an +interference filter with a clear aperture diameter of 496 mm, and a final refractive corrector that is the +dewar window. The telescope illuminates a diameter of 3.3 degrees, with low distortion, +with some vignetting at the edges of this illuminated region. +The Pan-STARRS1 imager \citep{PS1_GPCA} comprises a total of 60 $4800\times4800$ pixel detectors, with 10~$\mu$m pixels that subtend 0.258~arcsec. +The detectors are back-illuminated CCDs manufactured by Lincoln Laboratory. The detectors are read out using a StarGrasp CCD controller, +with a readout time of 7 seconds for a full unbinned image. Initial performance assessments are presented in \cite{PS1_GPCB}. + +%note trailing slash command where space required after passband macros +The \PS\ observations are obtained through a set of five broadband +filters, which we have designated as \gps, \rps, \ips, \zps, and +\yps. Under certain circumstances \PS\ observations are obtained with +a sixth, ``wide'' filter designated as \wps\ that essentially spans +\gps, \rps, and \ips. Although the filter system for \PS\ has much in +common with that used in previous surveys, such as SDSS \citep{SDSS}, there +are important differences. The \gps\ filter extends 20~nm redward of +$g_{SDSS}$, paying the price of 5577\AA\ sky emission for greater +sensitivity and lower systematics for photometric redshifts, and the +\zps\ filter is cut off at 930~nm, giving it a different response than +the detector response defined $z_{SDSS}$. SDSS has no corresponding +\yps\ filter. Further information on the passband shapes is described +in \cite{PS_lasercal}. +Provisional response +functions (including 1.3 airmasses of atmosphere) are available +at the project's web site \footnote[1]{http://svn.pan-starrs.ifa.hawaii.edu/trac/ipp/wiki/PS1\_Photometric\_System}. Photometry is in the ``natural'' \PS\ +system, $m=-2.5log(flux)+m'$, with a single zeropoint adjustment $m'$ made in each band to conform to the AB magnitude scale \citep{JTphoto}. +\PS\ magnitudes are interpreted as being at the top of the atmosphere, with 1.3 airmasses of atmospheric attenuation being included in the +system response function. No correction for Galactic extinction is applied to the \PS\ magnitudes. +We stress that, like SDSS, \PS\ uses the AB +photometric system and there is no arbitrariness in the definition. Flux representations are limited +only by how accurately we know the system response function vs. wavelength. + +Images obtained by the Pan-STARRS1 system are processed through the Image Processing Pipeline (IPP) \citep{PS1_IPP}, +on a computer cluster at the Maui High Performance Computer Center. The pipeline runs the images through a succession of stages, +including flat-fielding (``de-trending''), a flux-conserving warping to a sky-based image plane, masking and artifact removal, and object detection and +photometry. The IPP also performs image subtraction to allow for the prompt detection of variables and transient phenomena. Mask and variance arrays +are carried forward at each stage of the IPP processing. Photometric and astrometric measurements performed by the IPP system are described in \cite{PS1_photometry} +and \cite{PS1_astrometry} respectively. + +The details of the photometric calibration and the \PS\ zeropoint +scale will be presented in a subsequent publication \citep{JTphoto}, +and \cite{EMphoto} will provide the application to a consistent +photometric catalog over the 3/4 sky observed by \PS. + +% Boilerplate system description ends here. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{OBSERVATIONS} +\label{sec:observations} + +% define which set of PS1 observations went into your paper. +This paper uses images and photometry from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Field survey. In addition +to covering the sky at $\delta>-30\deg$ in 5 bands, +the Pan-STARRS1 survey has obtained deeper multi-epoch images in the PS1 \gps, \rps, \ips, \zps\ and \yps\ bands of the +fields listed in Table \ref{table:fields}. The typical Medium-deep cadence of observations is presented in Table \ref{table:cadence}, +and the 5 $\sigma$ point source detection limits achieved in the various \grizy\ bands, as well as other statistics of +potential interest, are presented in Table \ref{table:depths}, for +the co-added stacks over the observing period presented here. + +% This is an illustration of a simple Table. The coordinates of the Medium-Deep fields are correct, and +% are the actual telescope boresight pointings and supersede any prior list.PS1 uses decimal degrees (J2000) for +% both RA and DEC. + +\begin{table}[htdp] +\caption{\PS\ Medium-Deep Field Centers. } +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{lrr} +\hline +\hline +{\bf Field} & {\bf RA (degrees, J2000)} & {\bf Dec (degrees, J2000)} \\ +\hline +MD00 & 10.675 & $ 41.267$ \\ +MD01 & 35.875 & $ -4.250$ \\ +MD02 & 53.100 & $-27.800$ \\ +MD03 & 130.592 & $ 44.317$ \\ +MD04 & 150.000 & $ 2.200$ \\ +MD05 & 161.917 & $ 58.083$ \\ +MD06 & 185.000 & $ 47.117$ \\ +MD07 & 213.704 & $ 53.083$ \\ +MD08 & 242.787 & $ 54.950$ \\ +MD09 & 334.188 & $ 0.283$ \\ +MD10 & 352.312 & $ -0.433$ \\ +MD11 & 270.000 & $ 66.561$ \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\label{table:fields} +\end{table} + + +\begin{table}[htdp] +\caption{\PS\ Medium-Deep Survey, typical cadence. FM$\pm$3 designates 3 nights on either side of Full Moon.} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{ccr} +\hline +\hline +{\bf Night} & {\bf Filter} & {\bf Exposure Time} \\ +\hline +1 & \gps \& \rps & 8$\times$113s each\\ +2 & \ips & 8$\times$240s \\ +3 & \zps & 8$\times$240s \\ +4 & \gps \& \rps & 8$\times$113s each \\ +repeats... & \nodata & \nodata \\ +FM$\pm3$ & \yps & 8$\times$240s \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\label{table:cadence} +\end{table} + +% These are the detection limits for Medium-Deep analysis done by Tonry as of May 31, 2011. +\begin{table}[htdp] +\caption{\PS\ MDF Statistics, Apr 2009--Apr 2011.} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{lcrcccclcrcccc} +\hline +\hline +Field&Filter& $N$ & $\log t$ & $PSF$ & $\langle w\rangle$ & $m_{lim}$ & +Field&Filter& $N$ & $\log t$ & $PSF$ & $\langle w\rangle$ & $m_{lim}$\\ +\hline +MD01 & g & 42 & 4.7 & 1.25 & 1.55 & 24.5 & MD06 & g & 38 & 4.6 & 1.25 & 1.56 & 24.4\\ +MD01 & r & 42 & 4.7 & 1.15 & 1.35 & 24.4 & MD06 & r & 39 & 4.6 & 1.18 & 1.45 & 24.2\\ +MD01 & i & 41 & 4.9 & 1.05 & 1.27 & 24.4 & MD06 & i & 41 & 4.9 & 1.14 & 1.39 & 24.3\\ +MD01 & z & 41 & 4.9 & 1.03 & 1.24 & 23.9 & MD06 & z & 38 & 4.9 & 1.05 & 1.30 & 23.7\\ +MD01 & y & 21 & 4.6 & 0.95 & 1.17 & 22.4 & MD06 & y & 24 & 4.7 & 1.00 & 1.25 & 22.4\\ +MD02 & g & 30 & 4.5 & 1.31 & 1.79 & 24.2 & MD07 & g & 36 & 4.5 & 1.23 & 1.68 & 24.3\\ +MD02 & r & 29 & 4.5 & 1.20 & 1.74 & 24.1 & MD07 & r & 39 & 4.5 & 1.13 & 1.46 & 24.2\\ +MD02 & i & 30 & 4.8 & 1.11 & 1.50 & 24.2 & MD07 & i & 39 & 4.9 & 1.14 & 1.44 & 24.2\\ +MD02 & z & 33 & 4.8 & 1.06 & 1.30 & 23.6 & MD07 & z & 43 & 4.9 & 1.08 & 1.37 & 23.7\\ +MD02 & y & 16 & 4.5 & 1.14 & 1.42 & 22.1 & MD07 & y & 30 & 4.8 & 1.01 & 1.28 & 22.5\\ +MD03 & g & 38 & 4.6 & 1.18 & 1.44 & 24.5 & MD08 & g & 38 & 4.5 & 1.27 & 1.68 & 24.3\\ +MD03 & r & 37 & 4.6 & 1.09 & 1.28 & 24.4 & MD08 & r & 38 & 4.5 & 1.14 & 1.47 & 24.2\\ +MD03 & i & 41 & 4.9 & 1.06 & 1.31 & 24.4 & MD08 & i & 33 & 4.8 & 1.07 & 1.34 & 24.2\\ +MD03 & z & 42 & 5.0 & 1.03 & 1.27 & 23.9 & MD08 & z & 40 & 4.9 & 1.09 & 1.39 & 23.7\\ +MD03 & y & 20 & 4.6 & 1.00 & 1.36 & 22.4 & MD08 & y & 32 & 4.9 & 0.98 & 1.27 & 22.7\\ +MD04 & g & 35 & 4.6 & 1.17 & 1.52 & 24.5 & MD09 & g & 34 & 4.5 & 1.26 & 1.55 & 24.3\\ +MD04 & r & 37 & 4.6 & 1.09 & 1.46 & 24.3 & MD09 & r & 33 & 4.5 & 1.15 & 1.42 & 24.1\\ +MD04 & i & 35 & 4.9 & 1.07 & 1.35 & 24.3 & MD09 & i & 34 & 4.8 & 1.02 & 1.36 & 24.3\\ +MD04 & z & 28 & 4.8 & 1.03 & 1.32 & 23.6 & MD09 & z & 34 & 4.8 & 1.02 & 1.26 & 23.7\\ +MD04 & y & 8 & 4.3 & 1.03 & 1.21 & 22.0 & MD09 & y & 12 & 4.3 & 0.94 & 1.12 & 22.0\\ +MD05 & g & 42 & 4.6 & 1.24 & 1.58 & 24.4 & MD10 & g & 30 & 4.5 & 1.26 & 1.60 & 24.2\\ +MD05 & r & 40 & 4.6 & 1.17 & 1.46 & 24.3 & MD10 & r & 33 & 4.5 & 1.18 & 1.53 & 24.2\\ +MD05 & i & 34 & 4.8 & 1.06 & 1.44 & 24.3 & MD10 & i & 30 & 4.8 & 1.01 & 1.31 & 24.2\\ +MD05 & z & 27 & 4.8 & 0.99 & 1.27 & 23.6 & MD10 & z & 28 & 4.8 & 1.03 & 1.24 & 23.6\\ +MD05 & y & 17 & 4.6 & 1.02 & 1.33 & 22.3 & MD10 & y & 11 & 4.4 & 0.96 & 1.22 & 22.2\\ +MD11 & g & 1 & 3.0 & 1.17 & 1.45 & 22.4 & MD00 & g & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata\\ +MD11 & r & 1 & 3.0 & 1.12 & 1.30 & 22.3 & MD00 & r &101 & 4.9 & 1.03 & 1.30 & 24.8\\ +MD11 & i & 3 & 3.8 & 1.13 & 1.47 & 22.9 & MD00 & i & 66 & 4.6 & 0.96 & 1.25 & 24.0\\ +MD11 & z & 4 & 3.9 & 1.34 & 1.81 & 22.2 & MD00 & z & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata\\ +MD11 & y & 5 & 4.0 & 0.96 & 1.21 & 21.6 & MD00 & y & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata & \nodata\\ +\end{tabular} +\label{table:depths} +\end{center} +\tablecomments{$N$ is the number of nights of observation, + $\log t$ is the $\log_{10}$ of the net exposure time + in sec, ``$PSF$'' is the DoPhot FWHM of the {\it core-skirt} PSF in the + stack-stacks, $\langle w\rangle$ is the median IPP FWHM of the observations, + and $m_{lim}$ is the 5$\sigma$ detection limit for point sources.} + +\end{table} + +\section{DATA PROCESSING} +\label{sec:processing} + +The Pan-STARRS1 IPP system performed flatfielding on each of the individual images, using white light flatfield images +from a dome screen, in combination with an illumination correction obtained by rastering sources across the +field of view. Bad pixel masks were applied, and carried forward for use in the stacking stage. After determining +an initial astrometric solution, the flat-fielded images were then warped onto the tangent plane of the sky, using a flux +conserving algorithm. The plate scale for the warped images is 0.200 arcsec/pixel. + +\section{RESULTS} +\label{sec:results} + +Our most excellent results were produced by turning each \PS\ image upside down and shaking vigorously. +The extragalactic civilizations we detected are listed in Table \ref{table:PS1_list}. For those in a recumbent +pose, a rotated version of the discovery table is provided in Table \ref{table:deluxerotated}. An example of an +illustration is presented in Figure \ref{fig:phot}. + +%there are numerous ways to include figures, here is one: +\begin{figure}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\centerline{\includegraphics[width=6.5in]{Luptitudes_SDSS_Deviation.ps}} +\caption{The SDSS magnitude definition departs from $2.5 log(flux)$ convention at faint magnitudes. +{\it Caveat emptor}. This is but one of many reasons to clearly designate which photometric system is +being used, and one reason why we insist on the \grizy\ nomenclature. The authors thank M. Wood-Vasey for generating this plot.} +\label{fig:phot} +\end{center} +\end{figure} + + +\clearpage + +% Note excellent use of trailing slash to force a space after \yps, thanks to Michael Wood-Vasey: +{\bf Please conform to the \gps, \rps, \ips, \zps, \yps, \wps\ convention when reporting PS1 magnitudes, and to the (provisional) +IAU convention for object names: + +PSO JRRR.rrrr+DD.dddd + +\noindent +where RRR.rrrr and +DD.dddd are RA and Dec in decimal degrees (J2000). Keep this number of digits of precision, please, but no more. +See preamble comments in Tex template for further information.} + +%Example tables with PS1 objects, including tags for linkage to external databases. +% The IAU conventions on naming objects should be rigorously followed. See +% http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/vizier/Dic/iau-spec.htx#3.6 +% See also http://www.sdss.org/DR3/coverage/IAU.html. +% Note coordinates are truncated and not rounded, for generating names! +% +% Note the use of \object{} tag on OBJID column. See recent AASTex documentation for +% how links can be made to external data sets. + + + +\clearpage +\begin{table}[htdp] +\caption{Pan-STARRS1 Candidate Detections of other Civilizations in the Galaxy. All astrometry is for equinox J2000 and epoch MJD=xxxx. +Magnitudes are on the Pan-STARRS1 \grizy\ system.} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{cccccc} +\hline +\hline + OBJID & RA (J2000) & Dec (J2000) & \gps & $\sigma\gps$ & Number of Aliens \\ +\hline +\object{PSO J130.0586+44.3216} & 130.0586 & +44.3216 & 23.35 & 0.08 & about two billion \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\label{table:PS1_list} +\end{table}% + +% this is a fancier table, rotated to fit more columns. Note the use of \object{} tag on OBJID column. See recent AASTex documentation for +% how links can be made to external data sets. +\clearpage +\begin{deluxetable}{rrrrrrrrrr} +\rotate +\tablewidth{9in} +\tablecolumns{10} +\tablecaption{Pan-STARRS1 Detections of Alien Civilizations, Rotated} +\tablehead{ +\colhead{OBJID} & +\colhead{RA (J2000)} & +\colhead{Dec (J2000)} & +\colhead{\gps} & +\colhead{$\sigma$\gps} & +\colhead{\rps} & +\colhead{$\sigma$\rps} & +\colhead{\yps} & +\colhead{$\sigma$\yps} & +\colhead{Alien Population} +} +\startdata +\object{PSO J130.0586+44.3216} & 130.0586 & +44.3216 & +23.24 & 0.04 & 24.52 & 0.10 & \nodata & \nodata & 1 Billion \\ +\enddata +\label{table:deluxerotated} +\end{deluxetable} + +\section{DISCUSSION} +\label{sec:discussion} + +We conclude that this works all too well. The aliens will be here soon. + +%please leave this part in: +{\it Facilities:} \facility{PS1 (GPC1)} + +\acknowledgments + +% You'll want to add any other grants, etc. here but this aspect is mandatory for PS1 papers: +The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) have been made possible through contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, Queen's University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1238877, and the University of Maryland. + +\clearpage +% Some PS1 hardware and software papers are included below, use as you see fit but it's certainly appropriate to cite PS1 system papers! +\begin{thebibliography} + +% SDSS reference +\bibitem[Abazajian, K.~N. {\it et al.}(2009)]{SDSS} Abazajian, K.~N. {\it et al.} (The SDSS Collaboration) \ 2009 \apjs, {\bf 182}, 543. +%PS1 Modified Design Reference Mission + +\bibitem[Chambers {\it et al.}(in prep)]{PS_MDRM} Chambers, K.~C, {\it et al.}, in preparation. + +%PS1 Optical Design +\bibitem[Hodapp {\it et al.}(2004)]{PS1_optics} Hodapp, K.~W., Siegmund, +W.~A., Kaiser, N., Chambers, K.~C., Laux, U., Morgan, J., +\& Mannery, E.\ 2004, \procspie, {\bf 5489}, 667 + +%PS1 system overview paper. +\bibitem[Kaiser {\it et al.}(2010)]{PS1_system} Kaiser, N., {\it et al.} \ 2010, \procspie, {\bf 7733}, 12K. + +%References to IPP pipeline: +%Overall IPP reference +\bibitem[Magnier(2006)]{PS1_IPP} Magnier, E.\ 2006, Proceedings of The Advanced +Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, Ed.: S. Ryan, The Maui Economic Development Board, p.E5 + +%IPP photometry +\bibitem[Magnier(2007)]{PS1_photometry} Magnier, E.\ 2007, The Future +of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization, ASP Conference Series {\bf 364}, 153 + +%IPP astrometry +\bibitem[Magnier {\it et al.}(2008)]{PS1_astrometry} Magnier, E.~A., Liu, +M., Monet, D.~G., \& Chambers, K.~C.\ 2008, IAU Symposium, {\bf 248}, 553 + +% Photometric catalog +\bibitem[Magnier {\it et al.}(in prep)]{EMphoto} Magnier, E., {\it et al.}, in preparation. + +%GPC-1 camera paper B +\bibitem[Onaka {\it et al.}(2008)]{PS1_GPCB} Onaka, P., Tonry, J.~L., +Isani, S., Lee, A., Uyeshiro, R., Rae, C., Robertson, L., +\& Ching, G.\ 2008, \procspie, {\bf 7014}, 12O + +% Laser calibration of PS1 system throughput +\bibitem[Stubbs {\it et al.~}(2010)]{PS_lasercal} Stubbs, C.~W., Doherty, +P., Cramer, C., Narayan, G., Brown, Y.~J., Lykke, K.~R., Woodward, J.~T., +\& Tonry, J.~L.\ 2010, \apjs, {\bf 191}, 376 + +% GPC-1 camera paper A +\bibitem[Tonry \& Onaka(2009)]{PS1_GPCA} Tonry, J., \& Onaka, P.\ 2009, Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, +Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, Ed.: S. Ryan, p.E40. + +% Photometric system calibration papers +\bibitem[Tonry {\it et al.~}(in prep)]{JTphoto} Tonry, J.~L., {\it et al.}, in preparation. + + +\end{thebibliography} + + +\end{document} + Index: /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/systematics.20140411/systematics.tex =================================================================== --- /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/systematics.20140411/systematics.tex (revision 38046) +++ /branches/eam_branches/ipp-20150112/doc/release.2015/systematics.20140411/systematics.tex (revision 38046) @@ -0,0 +1,842 @@ +\documentclass[iop,floatfix]{emulateapj} +% \pdfoutput=1 + +% see latex.readme.txt for notes on using the PS1 template +%\documentclass[12pt,preprint]{aastex} +%\documentclass[manuscript]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2]{aastex} +%\documentclass[preprint2,longabstract]{aastex} +\RequirePackage{color} +\input{astro.sty} + +% online version may use color, but print version needs b/w +\def\plotmode{col} +%\def\plotmode{bw} + +%\def\plotext{pdf} +\def\plotext{ps} + +\def\picdir{/home/eugene/chipresid.20140404} +%\def\picdir{/data/pikake.2/eugene/chipresid.20140404} + +% Pick a terse version of the title here; +\shorttitle{Systematics in PS1} +\shortauthors{E.A. Magnier et al} +\begin{document} +\title{Systematic Effects in Pan-STARRS1 Photometry and Astrometry} + +% this is a crude trick to get the order of affiliations right. These +% names are used in the affiliations below. The user needs to (1) set +% the order and numbers to have the correct sequence in the author +% list and (2) re-order the list at the bottom (and comment-out as needed) +\def\IfA{1} +\def\CfA{2} +\def\MPIA{3} +\def\Princeton{3} +\def\USNO{4} +\def\JHU{1} + +% This example has a first author from UH: +\author{ +Eugene A. Magnier,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +J.~L. Tonry, \altaffilmark{\IfA} +D. Finkbeiner,\altaffilmark{\CfA} +E. Schlafly,\altaffilmark{\MPIA} +%PS Builder List +% W.~S. Burgett,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K.~C. Chambers,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% L. Denneau,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. Draper,\altaffilmark{\DUR} +% H.~A. Flewelling,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% T. Grav,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J. N. Heasley,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% K. W. Hodapp,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% M. E. Huber,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. Jedicke,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Kaiser,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R.-P. Kudritzki,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% G. A. Luppino,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. H. Lupton,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% E. A. Magnier,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% N. Metcalfe,\altaffilmark{\DUH} +% D. G. Monet,\altaffilmark{\USNO} +% J.~S. Morgan,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P. M. Onaka,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% P.~A. Price,\altaffilmark{\Princeton} +% C.~W. Stubbs,\altaffilmark{\CfA} +% W.~E. Sweeney,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +% J.~L. Tonry, \altaffilmark{\IfA} +% R. J. Wainscoat,\altaffilmark{\IfA} and +% C. Z. Waters,\altaffilmark{\IfA} +} % this bracket terminates author list + +% The ordering here should be sequential, matching the sequence in the list of authors: +\altaffiltext{\IfA}{Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822} +\altaffiltext{\CfA}{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138} +% \altaffiltext{\Princeton}{Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\USNO}{US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA} +% \altaffiltext{\JHU}{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA} +\altaffiltext{\MPIA}{Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K\"onigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany} +\begin{abstract} + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum +bibendum nisi id tristique posuere. Duis eu mollis nulla. Maecenas est +turpis, mattis tempor urna vitae, placerat rhoncus sem. Lorem ipsum +dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed quis velit +nisl. Aliquam erat volutpat. Cras lacinia, nisl tristique auctor +molestie, dolor nulla rhoncus purus, ac accumsan nunc nunc ac +nibh. Maecenas vitae mollis mauris. Ut sollicitudin pulvinar purus, +eget luctus lorem tincidunt vitae. Vestibulum eu mattis neque. Nulla +in tortor id urna dapibus gravida a vel leo. + +\end{abstract} + +% insert additional keywords as appropriate: +\keywords{Surveys:\PSONE } + +\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} + +% discuss the science drivers +% summary concept of paper: +%% explore the systematic limitations of PS1 +%% connections between astrometric and photometric systematics + +\section{Pan-STARRS1} + +The Pan-STARRS\,1 telescope (PS1) has recently completed observations +for its first survey mission (REF). PS1 is 1.8m telescope located on +the summit of Haleakala on the Hawaiian island of Maui (REF). This +wide-field telescope images a 3.3 degree field of view on a 1.4 +gigapixel camera, with low distortion and generally good image quality +(median \approx \note{1.1 arcseconds} in all filters except for g, +with 1.3 arcseconds). Available filters are \gps,\rps,\ips with +bandpasses similar to the equivalent SDSS filters; \zps is somewhat +bluer than the SDSS $z$, while \yps is somewhat redder (see, REF, for +a complete specification). + +The first PS1 science survey mission began 2010 May and completed 31 +March 2014. The bulk of the observing time (56\%) goes to the +``3$\pi$ Survey'', in which the \approx 30,000 square degrees +observable from Hawaii (north of Dec = -30) were repeatedly observed +over the nearly 4 year survey period. The typical coverage at the end +of the survey is \approx 10 observations per filter per point on the +sky in the 3$\pi$ region. The repeated observations allows for good +characterization of systematic sources of uncertainty. + +The PS1 data will be released to the public in the Spring of 2015 via +the Mikulsky Archive to Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope +Science Institute (STScI). + +\subsection{GigaPixel Camera\,1} + +The PS1 GigaPixel Camera\,1 (GPC1) was the largest astronomical camera +until HypersuprimeCam was completed. GPC1 is a mosaic camera +consisting of 60 detectors (``chips'') arranged in an 8x8 grid with +the 4 corners missing (FIGURE?). The detectors in this camera are +othogonal transfer array devices (REF), in which the single silicon +chip is sub-divided into a checkerboard of 64 sub-arrays (``cells''). +Each cell may be independently addressed and read, and the charge +accumulated in the pixels may be moved in either the $x$ or $y$ +directions (thus the term ``orthogonal transfer''). The full GPC1 +thus consists of a total of 3840 cells, each \note{608 x 610} pixels. + +\subsection{Data Processing} + +Images obtained from PS1 are written to a set of computers located in +the observatory dome (``pixel servers''), and notification is then +sent via a web service to the Image Processing Pipeline (IPP) +computers in Kihei. The IPP cluster retrieves images from the summit +pixel servers as they are available, though no summit hand-shaking +takes place. The summit computers have a buffer for data from several +days' of observing so that data is not lost if the link to Kihei is +down or the IPP computer cluster is offline. + +Raw images are saved on the IPP cluster and processed as needed. In +general, every science exposure is processed as soon as possible in a +stream called the ``nightly science processing''. As the survey has +proceeded and improvements have been made in the analysis software, +images have been reprocessed. To date (2015 Jan), there have been 2 +complete reprocesssing runs (identified PV1 and PV2), and a third +(PV3) is in progress. As the software has been improved, the nightly +science processing software has been updated to reflect those +improvements. The nightly science processing thus is heterogenous in +the analysis and algorithms used. The software for the PVx +reprocessing is more homogenous. + +Raw images are stored as multi-extension FITS images, with each cell +in a given chip stored as a separate image extension. The raw data are +generally stored with lossless compression applied to the pixel +arrays \note{CFITSIO REF}. The data for the 60 chips in a given +exposure are stored as separate FITS files. + +The data processing system performs a number of steps distributed +across a cluster of linux-based computers. The first stage (``chip +processing'') is performed on individual chip image files +independently in parallel. At this stage, the images are detrended, +including overscan, bias, dark, flat-field, and (for $y$-band) +fringing corrections. Areas of bad data (e.g., regions of poor charge +transfer efficiency or non-linear dark glows) are masked. Within the +IPP processing code, masked pixels are identified as non-zero values +in a separate 16-bit mask image, which is then carried as part of the +processed image data products. The chip analysis also generates a +variance image which is used along with the signal image to specify +the noise properities as a function of pixel. Details of the +chip-stage processing can be found in \note{Waters et al REF}. + +The chip-stage analysis also includes source detection and basic +characterization. After a sky background model is subtracted from the +image, individual sources are detected via cross-correlation with a +PSF model. Sources detected in the image are used to define the PSF +model. Simple aperture based measurements (total flux, 2nd and +higher-order moments, etc) are measured for all detections. An +estimate of the extendedness (non-PSF-nature) of the sources is used +to distinguish ``stellar'' detections from ``non-stellar'' detections. +Non-stellar detections above a minimum signal-to-noise \note{of 20} +are fitted with a galaxy surface brightness model, while remaining +sources are fitted with a PSF model, or a cluster of PSF models. The +end result of the chip-stage analysis is a collection of parameters +for each detection, including the positions ($X$, $Y$), PSF model +flux, aperture fluxes, 2nd moments. Details of the source analysis +and characterization can be found in \note{Magnier et al REF}. + +\section{Photometry Analysis} + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum +bibendum nisi id tristique posuere. Duis eu mollis nulla. Maecenas est +turpis, mattis tempor urna vitae, placerat rhoncus sem. Lorem ipsum +dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed quis velit +nisl. Aliquam erat volutpat. Cras lacinia, nisl tristique auctor +molestie, dolor nulla rhoncus purus, ac accumsan nunc nunc ac +nibh. Maecenas vitae mollis mauris. Ut sollicitudin pulvinar purus, +eget luctus lorem tincidunt vitae. Vestibulum eu mattis neque. Nulla +in tortor id urna dapibus gravida a vel leo. + +% refer back to refcat, ubercal, tonry +% discuss the PSF modeling +% what are the limitations of the current photometric precision + +\section{Astrometry Analysis} + +Astrometric calibration defines a transformation from the raw +instrumental positions (X,Y on a chip) to RA,DEC coordinates on the +sky. Astrometry calibration is performed at two separate stages in +the IPP analysis. First, every exposure is calibrated independently +during the processing by comparison to a reference catalog. This +astrometric analysis is performed as part of the second processing +stage, the ``camera'' analysis stage. The output from the chip stage +for all chips in an exposure are processed as a group in this +analysis. The initial guess for the astrometry comes from the +telescope coordinates provided in the image headers. + +The RA, DEC, and position angle of the telescope boresite are provided +as part of the image metadata. The telescope and camera systems also +provide WCS header keywords for each chip separately. However, in the +early stages of the telescope commissioning, these values were not +reliable. Thus, within the IPP, and model for the camera layout is +used so that the single triplet (RA,DEC,PA) can be used to predict the +astrometric calibration of each chip. This guess is generally good to +10s of pixels, and need only be accurate to \approx 1/2 of a chip for +the software to discover the true coordinates. + +The guess astrometry is used to select a set of likely reference stars +from the reference database. These stars are the cross-correlated +with the measured source positions to find the likely match between +stars in the reference catalog and detected sources in the image. + +Once a reliable match has been determined, astrometric transformations +are determined to match the raw (X,Y) coordinates of the detections to +sky coordinates of the corresponding reference stars. + +Within the IPP, two main classes of transformations may be used. For +single chips from non-mosaic cameras (or for the warp \& stack +skycells), the astrometry calibration consists of a projection from the +celestial sphere to a linearized coordinate system followed by a +transformation from the projection coordiante frame to the pixel +coordinate frame. The projection may be one of several possible +options (see Calabria et al REF), though in general the IPP uses the +SIN (or TAN) projection (define?). The transformation from the +projection coordiates to the pixel coordinate may use an afine +transformation or higher order polynomials (up to 3rd order). + +For chips from a mosaic camera, the astrometric transformation is +defined as a multi-level operation. As in single-chip astrometry, a +projection (SIN or TAN) is used to convert the spherical celestial +coordiates to a local linear system (the 'tanget plane' coorinate +system). There are then two level of cartesian transformations: a +first set of polynomials (up to 3rd order) are used to transform the +tangent plane coordinates to the ``focal plane'' coordinates. This, +relatively low-order, correction accounts for rotation of the camera +and basic optical distortion coming from the optics and the +atmosphere. A second transformation is used to convert the focal +plane coordinate to the pixel coordinates for each chip. For the +on-the-fly calibration, these +transformations may consist of a set of polynomials up +to 3rd order in X and/or Y (i.e, $x^i y^j$ where $i + j <= 3$) + +\note{add details on the transformation from focal-plane to tangent + plane: fit is done on the gradient}. + +The on-the-fly astrometric calibration determines the astrometric +transformation to an accuracy of at least 0.3 arcsec (chips with worse +astrometry are rejected). Data from these images may now be ingested +into our internal database software for astronomical objects, the +Desktop Virtual Observatory \citep[DVO,][]{PS1.IPP}. This database +software associates detections from images together based on their +positions in the sky to define astrnomical ``objects''. The database +includes metadata to describe the links between objects and their +multiple detections as well as metadata defining the images and their +astrometric transformations. + +After images have been ingested into the DVO software, calibration +improvements may be made within the database. A program called +``relastro'' is used to improve the astrometry iterative. In one +mode, relastro loops between improving the mean positions of objects +and using the improved mean positions to improve the astrometric +calibrations of the images. In normal usage, relastro is only allowed +to update the chip-to-focal plane transformations; it is not normally +used to improve the focal-plane to tangent plane transformations. +Also, within relastro, the transformation from chip-to-focal plane may +be represented using either the polynomials as above or with a linear +transformation plus bilinear interpolation of a grid of correction +cells. In the latter case, the grid may be sampled as finely as 6x6 +positions per chip. + +% precision demonstration +% koppenhoefer effect +% MISSING: DCR! + +\section{Systematic Residuals} + +\subsection{Camera-Scale Trends} + +\subsection{Tree-Rings : An Example Chip} + +\begin{table} +\caption{Systematic Trends : Stdev by filter\label{table:sigmas.by.filter}} +% \tiny +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{|l|rrrrr|} +\hline +{\bf Filter} & {\bf psf mags} & {\bf ap mags} & {\bf astrom} & {\bf smear} & {\bf flat} \\ + & mmags & mmags & mas & pixels$^2$ & mmags \\ +\hline +\gps & 11.8 & 13 & 8.0 & 0.169 & 3.0 \\ +\rps & 10.9 & 12 & 6.7 & 0.133 & 2.2 \\ +\ips & 8.5 & 10 & 6.0 & 0.069 & 1.7 \\ +\zps & 8.7 & 12 & 5.5 & 0.052 & 3.2 \\ +\yps & 16.5 & 26 & 6.8 & 0.059 & 15.3 \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\end{table} + +We observe a number of low-level effects in different types of +measurements which have a similar spatial structure on individual +chips. These structures have a circular pattern centered one corner +of the affected chips. \note{do all chips show all effects? is the + amplitude very different from chip to chip?} We use measurements +from chip XY40 to illustrate the spatial patterns and relationships +between the different effects. For all effects, we are measuring the +mean value of the effect in 10x10 pixel boxes. The resulting images +are all constructed so that a given superpixel represents the same +range of true GPC1 XY40 pixels. Measurements were extracted from the +``nightly science'' DVO database for observations covering the region +($\alpha$,$\delta$) = (90\degree\ -- 150\degree, -25\degree\ -- +10\degree). This region avoids the Galactic Plane where astrometric +outliers have been more common. We limit the analysis to good +measurements (PSF\_QF $>$ 0.85) of likely stars ($|m_{psf} - m_{aper}| +< 0.2$). Only measurements with instrumental magnitude $< -8.0$ +($-2.5\log \mbox{cts sec}^{-1} < -8.0$) are include to ensure +reasonable signal-to-noise per measurement. We require at least 2 +measurements in a given filter and 5 measurements total for any star +included in the analysis. + +The following four different measurements show tree-ring structures +(a) photometric residuals, (b) astrometric residuals, (c) a portion of +the flat-field structure, and (d) variations in the second-moment of +stars. In the following section, we show the spatial patterns for +these features and measure their intensity as a function of the +different filters. By comparing the spatial structures, we show that +these effects are directly related. We defer for now discussion of +any causes of the observed effects. + +\subsubsection{Photometric Residuals} + +% PSF Magnitudes +\def\figwidth{2.75in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\parbox{\figwidth}{\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dmag.g.\plotext}} +\parbox{\figwidth}{ +\caption{PSF Magnitude residuals by Filter + } \label{fig:psfmags.by.filter}} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dmag.r.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dmag.i.\plotext} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dmag.z.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dmag.y.\plotext} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +% Aperture Magnitudes +\def\figwidth{2.75in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\parbox{\figwidth}{\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dapmag.g.\plotext}} +\parbox{\figwidth}{ +\caption{Aperture Magnitude residuals by Filter + } \label{fig:apmags.by.filter}} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dapmag.r.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dapmag.i.\plotext} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dapmag.z.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dapmag.y.\plotext} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +The tree-ring structure is clearly seen in the PSF magnitude +residuals. In this case, we select PSF magnitude measurements for +detections which fall in the given superpixel. We subtract each +measurement from the average magnitude for the object in the selected +filter ($\delta m_{psf} = \overline{m}_{psf} - m_{psf}$) to determine the +residual magnitude, excluding as bad any measurement with $|\delta +m_{psf}| > 0.5$. For a given superpixel, we measure the median of the +$\delta m_{psf}$ distribution. Figure~\ref{fig:psfmags.by.filter} +shows the 2D patterns of $\delta m_{psf}$ for each filter (\grizy). +The dynamic range of the color scale is from -20 to +20 +millimagnitudes for all 5 plots. + +The tree-ring pattern is clearly visible for the four blue filters, +but finging dominates the pattern for \yps. Small offsets of +individual cells are also apparent for \zps. While the patterns are +clear across the image, the signal-to-noise of the structures per +pixel is not very strong in these images. The per-pixel standard +deviations of these plots is listed in +Table~\ref{table:sigmas.by.filter}. The per-pixel standard deviation +is comparable to the amplitude of the correlated structures, so we +need to integrate along the radial structures to make stronger +statements about these patterns. + +We have also performed the same measurement for aperture magnitudes, +using the same selections. The 2D patterns for the aperture +magnitudes is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:apmags.by.filter}. The finging +pattern again dominates the plot for \yps, but the tree-rings are not +seen in any of the filters. A diagonal pattern is visible in \gps +which is not observed in the PSF magnitudes. While the per-pixel +scatter is somewhat (10\% to 20\%) higher for these aperture +magnitudes than for the PSF magnitudes +(Table~\ref{table:sigmas.by.filter}), a structure with the amplitude +of the PSF magnitude tree-rings would certainly have been obvious. + +\subsubsection{Astrometric Residuals} + +% astrometry radial term +\def\figwidth{2.75in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\parbox{\figwidth}{\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/drad.g.\plotext}} +\parbox{\figwidth}{ +\caption{astrometric radial-direction residuals by Filter + } \label{fig:astrom.by.filter}} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/drad.r.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/drad.i.\plotext} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/drad.z.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/drad.y.\plotext} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +The tree-ring structure is also clearly seen in the astrometric +residuals. We use the same selection of measurements for astrometry +as for photometry. In this case, we extract the residual in both the +RA and DEC directions ($\delta RA = \overline{RA} - RA_i$, $\delta DEC += \overline{DEC} - DEC_i$) and rotate these values to the chip +coordinate system ($\delta X,\delta Y$). We again exclude as bad any +measurement with $|\delta X|$ or $|\delta Y| > 0.5$ arcsec before +measuring the median values for each superpixel. We have determined +the approximate center of the circular tree-ring pattern as (-5,4960) +for this particular chip. Using this coordinate as the center, we +have converted the $\delta X,\delta Y$ offsets into $\delta R,\delta +\theta$ measurements ($\delta R$ : radial component away from the +center, $\delta \theta$ : tangential component). + +Figure~\ref{fig:astrom.by.filter} shows the 2D patterns of $\delta R$ +for each filter (\grizy). The dynamic range of the color scale is +from -20 to +20 milliarcseconds for all 5 plots. The tree-ring +pattern is visible for all five filters; the finging pattern is not +apparent in the \yps\ astrometry. \note{low-frequency structures? did + that take off fringing?} The per-pixel standard deviations of these +plots is listed in Table~\ref{table:sigmas.by.filter}. The +signal-to-noise of these structures is again somewhat weak, but the +pattern is clearly visible in these figures. + +\subsubsection{Flat-field Structures} + +% flat-field residual +\def\figwidth{2.75in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\parbox{\figwidth}{\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dflat.g.\plotext}} +\parbox{\figwidth}{ +\caption{Flat-field high-frequency structues by Filter + } \label{fig:flats.by.filter}} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dflat.r.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dflat.i.\plotext} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dflat.z.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dflat.y.\plotext} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +The tree-ring structure is also clearly seen in the flat-field +pattern. For this measurement, we have used a set of monochromatic +flat-field images obtained with a tunable laser. The laser is used to +illuminate our flat-field screen which is then observed by the PS1 +telescope. These flat-field images were obtained 2011 Feb 09 as part +of a campaign to study the PS1 system response (Tonry et al REF). +Flats were obtain in a set of 4nm steps, with XXnm band-pass. To +enhance the signal-to-noise, we have combined a set of 6 flats at the +center of the corresponding filter. \note{high-pass filtering}. + +Figure~\ref{fig:flats.by.filter} shows the remaining high-frequency +structures in the flat-field images. These flat-field images are +displayed as fractional deviations relative to the median flat-field +image and can thus be compared to the magnitude residuals. When +flattening an image, these flat-fields would be divided into the flux +of the raw image. The residuals are thus defined in the sense that a +positive feature in these flats which does {\em not} represent a real +quantum efficiency deviation would induce a {\em reduction} in the +measured flux in those pixels, and thus a {\em negative} deviation in +$\delta m_{psf}$ as defined above. The dynamic range of the color +scale in these plots is -0.01 to +0.01. The tree-ring pattern is +strong in the (\gps,\rps,\ips) images, but nearly swamped by fringing +in \zps, and completely lost to finging in \yps. A diagonal banding +similar to the aperture residuals is seen in \gps. + +\subsubsection{Second Moments} + +% Smear Images +\def\figwidth{2.75in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\parbox{\figwidth}{\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/smear.g.\plotext}} +\parbox{\figwidth}{ +\caption{Smear by filter + } \label{fig:smear.by.filter}} +% note that the caption wants to be vertically centered. I can push it up +% by padding the end with a big \vspace{1in} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/smear.r.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/smear.i.\plotext} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/smear.z.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/smear.y.\plotext} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +% Shear Images +\def\figwidth{2.75in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\parbox{\figwidth}{\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/shear.g.\plotext}} +\parbox{\figwidth}{ +\caption{Shear by Filter + } \label{fig:shear.by.filter}} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/shear.r.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/shear.i.\plotext} + +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/shear.z.\plotext} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/shear.y.\plotext} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +The tree-ring structure is also seen in the changes of the image size. +To measure this effect, we extract the second moments for all +detections, subject to the same selections as for the photometry and +astrometry residuals (good stars, multiple detections). The second +moments are measured with a Gaussian weighting function, with the +$\sigma_{w}$ scaled by the PSF size so that the $\sigma$ measured for +PSF stars is \approx 60\% of $\sigma_{w}$. (Note that, since the +measured $\sigma$ of stellar objects is biased down by the weighting +function, this is not quite the same as having $\sigma_{w} = 1.6$ +times the true PSF $\sigma$). For each detection, we measure +$M_{xx,xy,yy} = \sum F_i w_i (x^2, x y, y^2) / \sum F_i w_i$. For +each exposure, we find the mean second moments for PSF objects and +subtract that mean value from the instantaneous measurements of +$M_{xx,xy,yy}$. We then determine the median of the residual second +moments for each superpixel. + +Figure~\ref{fig:smear.by.filter} shows the spatial trend of the {\em + smear}, $\sigma^2_{major} + \sigma^2_{minor} = \delta M_{xx} + +\delta M_{yy}$. This value corresponds to the increase or decrease in +the circularly-symmetric component of the image size. The dynamic +range of these images is -0.3 to +0.3 pixel$^2$. The tree-ring pattern +is visible for all 5 filters, though \yps is dominated by the fringing +pattern. Structures with relatively low spatial frequencies can also +be seen. + +We can also construct a measurement of the change in ellipticity +$\sigma^2_{major} - \sigma^2_{minor} = (M_{xx} - M_{yy})^2 + 4 +M_{xy}$. This value is plotted in Figure~\ref{fig:shear.by.filter}. +This value is positive definite and is plotted with a color scale +ranging from -0.02 to 0.22 pixel$^2$. We can also determine the +orientation of the corresponding ellipse. Overlayed on +Figure~\ref{fig:shear.by.filter} is a set of vectors representing the +ellipse orientation as a function of postion. The length of the +vectors corresponds to the value of $\sigma^2_{major} - +\sigma^2_{minor}$. The tree-ring structure is not apparent in this +figure for any filter. The spatial variations are low-frequency and +unrelated to the radial trend from the upper-left corner. + +\subsubsection{Correlations Between Systematic Trends} + +\begin{table} +\caption{Systematic Trends : Correlations by filter\label{table:correlation.by.filter}} +% \tiny +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{|l|rrrr|} +\hline +{\bf Filter} & {\bf psf mags} & {\bf smear} & {\bf astrom} & {\bf flat} \\ +\hline +\gps & 1.00 & 1.00 & 1.00 & 1.00 \\ +\rps & 0.84 & 0.78 & 0.84 & 0.76 \\ +\ips & 0.50 & 0.40 & 0.66 & 0.64 \\ +\zps & 0.26 & 0.16 & 0.37 & 0.33 \\ +\yps & 0.10 & 0.10 & 0.25 & 0.30 \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\end{table} + +As discussed above, the signal-to-noise per pixel in the plots of the +systematic trends is relatively low (\approx 1.0). While the tree +rings are apparent in many of these figures, there are also +some other systematic structures which may degrade the signal +further. To quantatatively compare the tree-ring trends between +filters and between systematic effects, we need to measure the +tree-ring structure explicitly and filter out the other effects if +possible. To do this, we have applied a high-pass filter to all of +the relevant images (PSF Photometry residuals, Astrometric residuals +in the radial direction, flat-field residuals, and second moment smear +terms) to remove unrelated spatial structures. We have then measured +the median of the signal in radial bins centered on (-5,4960) across +an arc from $\phi$ = -20\degrees\ to -50\degrees (as measured relative +to the top row of the images. We have selected a small fraction of +the arc to minimize the error associated with the choice of the +pattern center and to avoid several bad cells near the bottom of the +chip. \note{draw the arcs?} + +For a given trend, the systematic effect is strongly correlated +between filters. The strongest correlation is the smear term: +Figure~\ref{fig:smear.trends} shows the correlation of the smear +pattern between \gps\ and the other four filters. Even \yps\ is +strongly correlated with \gps\ despite the presence of the fringe +pattern. PSF photometric residuals are also correlated between +filters, as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:psfmag.trends}. Here, the +\yps\ correlation with \gps\ is quite weak: the fringing pattern +dominates the tree-rings for PSF photometry. The radial component of +the astrometric residual is also well correlated between filters, with +no loss of correlation due to fringing in \yps. Finally, the +flat-field residuals are generally correlated between filters, but +both \zps\ and \yps\ are affected by fringing. For \yps, the +correlation is completely washed out by the very strong fringing pattern. + +For all four measurements, the slope of the fitted lines are listed in +Table~\ref{table:correlation.by.filter}. There is a consistency in +the trend from \gps, with the strongest systematic tree-ring effects +to \yps, with the weakest effects. Note that the second moment smear +and astrometry terms have different relative strength in +\yps\ compared with \gps. + +% smear trends by filter +\def\figwidth{6.5in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/smear.trends.\plotext} +\caption{Smear : correlation between filters +} \label{fig:smear.trends} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +% psfmag trends by filter +\def\figwidth{6.5in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/psfmag.trends.\plotext} +\caption{PSF magnitude residuals : correlation between filters +} \label{fig:psfmag.trends} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +% astrom trends by filter +\def\figwidth{6.5in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/astrom.trends.\plotext} +\caption{Astrometry residuals : correlation between filters +} \label{fig:astrom.trends} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +% flat trends by filter +\def\figwidth{6.5in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/flat.trends.\plotext} +\caption{Flat-field rings : correlation between filters +} \label{fig:flat.trends} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +An important question is the relationship between the different types +of systematic effects. Different models for the tree-ring structures +will make different predictions about the correlations between +different effects. We find the following relationships hold. First, +the PSF magnitude residuals and the second-moment smear trends are +strongly anti-correlated: regions which have larger PSFs than the mean +tend to have smaller measured PSF fluxes than the mean (note that +$\delta m_{psf}$ is defined so that positive values correspond to +larger fluxes). These trends are shown in +Figure~\ref{fig:smear.vs.psfmag}. Second, the radial derivative of +the smear is anti-correlated with the radial component of the +astrometric residuals: $\frac{\partial (\sigma^2_{major} + + \sigma^2_{minor})}{\partial radius} \sim \delta R$ (see +Figure~\ref{fig:dsmear.vs.astrom}. Finally, the radial derivative of +the radial component of the astrometric residual is anti-correlated +with the flat-field residual errors: $\frac{\partial \delta + R}{\partial radius} \sim \delta flat$ (see +Figure~\ref{fig:dastrom.vs.flat}. This last relationship is somewhat +weakly measured. Because of the periodic nature of the tree rings, it +is also difficult to completely certain that the flat-field is +proportional to the derivative of the astrometry residual, and not the +other way around. The correlation is somewhat weaker for derivative +of the flat-field vs astrometry residual. The correlation is very +weak between the flat-field and the astrometry directly. We are +convinced that we have the sense of the derivative correct by the +details of specific features. + +\begin{table} +\caption{Systematic Trends : Correlations between trends\label{table:correlation.by.trend}} +% \tiny +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{|l|rrr|} +\hline +{\bf Filter} & {\bf psf mags} & {\bf $\grad$ smear} & {\bf $\grad$ astrom} \\ + & {\bf vs smear} & {\bf vs astrom} & {\bf vs flat} \\ +\hline +\gps & -0.056 & -0.060 & -0.47 \\ +\rps & -0.071 & -0.073 & -0.45 \\ +\ips & -0.077 & -0.095 & -0.45 \\ +\zps & -0.082 & -0.078 & -0.17 \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\end{table} + +% smear vs psfmag +\def\figwidth{6.5in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/smear.vs.psfmag.\plotext} +\caption{Smear vs PSF mag residuals on the rings +} \label{fig:smear.vs.psfmag} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +% dsmear vs astrom +\def\figwidth{6.5in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dsmear.vs.astrom.\plotext} +\caption{gradient of the Smear vs astrometry residuals on the rings +} \label{fig:dsmear.vs.astrom} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +% dastrom vs flat +\def\figwidth{6.5in} +\begin{figure*}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=\figwidth]{\picdir/dastrom.vs.flat.\plotext} +\caption{gradient of the astrometry residuals vs flat-field rings +} \label{fig:dastrom.vs.flat} +\end{center} +\end{figure*} + +\section{Discussion} + +These trends help to illuminate the underlying causes of these +different effects. First, we can easily explain the relationship +between the PSF photometry residuals and the observed smear. In the +photometry analysis, we model the PSF allowing for some spatial +variation in the shape. However, we limit the 2D variation to a 3x3 +grid for each chip: the PSF parameters may vary smoothly across the +chip following the bilinear interpolation between the 3x3 grid points. +Thus, the spatial scale on which we model PSF variations is much +larger than the spatial scale on which PSF variations are apparently +occuring. When the true PSF is larger than the model PSF, our model +fits systematically underestimate the amount of flux in a given +object. Conversely, when the PSF is smaller, we overestimate the +flux. The slope of the trend depends on the mean typical seeing for +the given filter. For example, the \gps\ seeing is typically +1.3\arcsec, corresponding to a Gaussian $\sigma$ of 2.15 pixels. A +smearing of $\sigma^2_{major} + \sigma^2_{minor} = 0.1$ pixels$^2$ +would increase the size by about 0.02 pixels, or 1\%, so roughly +consistent with the observed photometric deviation of about 5 to 10 +millimags for this amount of smearing. \note{model the 2D effect more + explicitly}. + +Second, the relationship between the flat-field residual and the +astrometric gradient is consistent with radial variations in the +plate-scale. The tree-rings observed by DES are completely attributed +to effective plate scale changes. Effective plate scale changes would +result in flat-field deviations since the flat-field illumination is a +source of constant surface brightness. Pixels see a varying amount of +flux depending on their effective area. This changing plate scale +also affects the astrometry since these variations occur on spatial +scales much smaller than the astrometric model. In such a model, the +flat-field deviations are $-1 \times \frac{\partial Pos}{\partial R}$. +The slope of our relationship is \approx 0.5 in normalized units. +Thus the observed trends appear to be too weak by a factor of \approx +2. \note{looks like a slope of 1.0 would not be excluded by these + plots} + +The fact that the PSF ellipticity changes are {\em not} correlated +with the tree ring structure tells us that the effective plate-scale +changes seen in the flat-field and astrometry signals are not also the +dominant cause of the PSF photometry errors. Also, the fact that we +do not measure significant aperture photometry errors correlated with +the tree rings confirms this point. The amplitude of the flat-field +errors are 1-2 millimagnitudes, much smaller than the PSF photometry +errors, and far below the pixel-to-pixel noise in the aperture +magnitudes. + +\section{Conclusion} + +The tree rings are showing (at least?) two effects, though they must +be related. First, the images are experiencing circularly-symmetric +changes in the PSF size correlated with the tree-ring pattern. These +PSF size changes drive errors in the PSF photometry which the are also +correlated with the tree ring pattern on the scale of a few +millimagnitudes. These PSF size changes are consistent with changes +in the charge diffusion, which also introduces a circularly symmetric +smearing. + +In addition, there are radial plate-scale changes +correlated with the tree rings. These plate-scale changes introduce a +flat-field errors on the scale of \approx 1 millimagnitude and +astrometric errors in the scale of 2-3 milliarcseconds. The observed +relationship between the flat-field deviations and the radial +derivative of the astrometric deviations confirms that these two +measurements are caused by the same effect. + +There must be some common cause for both the smearing (charge +diffusion) and the radial plate-scale changes since the astrometric +deviations are correlated with the radial derivative of the smearing. + +\end{document}