Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/Makefile
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/Makefile	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/Makefile	(revision 41170)
@@ -27,4 +27,5 @@
 loadgaia     : $(BIN)/loadgaia.$(ARCH)
 loadgaia_dr2 : $(BIN)/loadgaia_dr2.$(ARCH)
+loadukirt_uhs : $(BIN)/loadukirt_uhs.$(ARCH)
 loadstarpar  : $(BIN)/loadstarpar.$(ARCH)
 loadstarpar_client : $(BIN)/loadstarpar_client.$(ARCH)
@@ -44,5 +45,5 @@
 # programs in 'SERVER' use the client-server concept and are out of date
 
-INSTALL = addstar addstar_client sedstar loadgalphot loadgaia loadgaia_dr2 loadstarpar loadstarpar_client setobjflags setobjflags_client loadICRF loadICRF_client skycells mkcmf dumpskycells findskycell load2mass loadwise loadtycho loadbsc loadsupercos 
+INSTALL = addstar addstar_client sedstar loadgalphot loadgaia loadgaia_dr2 loadukirt_uhs loadstarpar loadstarpar_client setobjflags setobjflags_client loadICRF loadICRF_client skycells mkcmf dumpskycells findskycell load2mass loadwise loadtycho loadbsc loadsupercos 
 SERVER  = addstarc addstard addstart
 
@@ -305,4 +306,26 @@
 $(SRC)/psps_ids.$(ARCH).o
 
+LOAD-UKIRT_UHS = \
+$(SRC)/loadukirt_uhs.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/ConfigInit.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/SetSignals.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/Shutdown.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/args_loadukirt_uhs.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/find_matches_ukirt_uhs.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/loadukirt_uhs_catalog.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/loadukirt_uhs_make_subset.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/loadukirt_uhs_readstars.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_uhs.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugcs.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugps.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ulas.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/loadukirt_uhs_table.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/parse_csv.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/resort_catalog.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/build_links.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/strhash.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/sortIDs.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/psps_ids.$(ARCH).o
+
 LOAD-STARPAR = \
 $(SRC)/loadstarpar.$(ARCH).o \
@@ -528,4 +551,5 @@
 $(LOAD-GAIA)	       : $(INC)/addstar.h $(INC)/gaia.h
 $(LOAD-GAIA_DR2)       : $(INC)/addstar.h $(INC)/gaia_dr2.h
+$(LOAD-UKIRT_UHS)      : $(INC)/addstar.h $(INC)/ukirt_uhs.h
 $(LOAD-STARPAR)	       : $(INC)/addstar.h $(INC)/loadstarpar.h
 $(LOAD-STARPAR-CLIENT) : $(INC)/addstar.h $(INC)/loadstarpar.h
@@ -551,4 +575,5 @@
 $(BIN)/loadgaia.$(ARCH)       : $(LOAD-GAIA)
 $(BIN)/loadgaia_dr2.$(ARCH)   : $(LOAD-GAIA_DR2)
+$(BIN)/loadukirt_uhs.$(ARCH)  : $(LOAD-UKIRT_UHS)
 $(BIN)/loadstarpar.$(ARCH)    : $(LOAD-STARPAR)
 $(BIN)/loadstarpar_client.$(ARCH) : $(LOAD-STARPAR-CLIENT)
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/include/ukirt_uhs.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/include/ukirt_uhs.h	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/include/ukirt_uhs.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+
+typedef enum {UKIRT_MODE_NONE, UKIRT_MODE_UHS, UKIRT_MODE_UGCS, UKIRT_MODE_UGPS, UKIRT_MODE_ULAS} UkirtMode;
+
+# define NSTARS_MAX 10000000
+// # define NSTARS_MAX 10
+
+# define BUFFER_SIZE 0x100000
+// # define BUFFER_SIZE 900
+
+typedef struct {
+  Average average;
+  Measure *measure;
+  int flag; // in a subset?
+  int found; // assigned to an object?
+} UKIRT_Stars;
+
+int   HOST_ID;
+char *HOSTDIR;
+char *CPT_FILE;
+char *INPUT;
+int   UKIRT_NFILTER;
+
+UkirtMode UKIRT_MODE;
+
+AddstarClientOptions args_loadukirt_uhs (int *argc, char **argv, AddstarClientOptions options);
+// AddstarClientOptions args_loadukirt_uhs_client (int *argc, char **argv, AddstarClientOptions options);
+
+int loadukirt_uhs_table (SkyList *skylistInput, char *filename, AddstarClientOptions *options);
+
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_make_subset (UKIRT_Stars *stars, int Nstars, int start, SkyRegion *region, int *nsubset);
+
+// int loadukirt_uhs_save_remote (UKIRT_Stars *stars, int Nstars, HostTable *hosts, SkyRegion *region, char *fullname, AddstarClientOptions *options);
+// int save_remote_host (HostInfo *host);
+
+// int init_remote_hosts (void);
+// void free_remote_hosts (void);
+// int find_empty_slot (void);
+// int harvest_all (void);
+// int harvest_host (void);
+
+int loadukirt_uhs_catalog (UKIRT_Stars *stars, int Nstars, SkyRegion *region, char *filename, AddstarClientOptions *options);
+
+// int galactic_to_celestial (double *R, double *D, double l, double b);
+
+int find_matches_ukirt_uhs (SkyRegion *region, UKIRT_Stars *stars, int Nstars, Catalog *catalog, AddstarClientOptions *options);
+
+int loadukirt_uhs_save_stars (char *filename, UKIRT_Stars *stars, int Nstars);
+// UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_load_stars (char *filename, int *nstars);
+
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars);
+
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugps (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars);
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugcs (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars);
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ulas (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars);
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars_uhs (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars);
+
+
+int loadukirt_uhs_sortStars (UKIRT_Stars *stars, int Nstars);
+
+// int loadukirt_uhs_tmpdir (void);
+
+//  roll these into a function with a structure to carry the Nlast, etc?
+char *dparse_csv_rpt (double *X, int Nwant, int Nlast, char *line, int *status);
+char *iparse_csv_rpt (int *X,    int Nwant, int Nlast, char *line, int *status);
+char *jparse_csv_rpt (uint64_t *X, int Nwant, int Nlast, char *line, int *status);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/ReadImageHeader.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/ReadImageHeader.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/ReadImageHeader.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -118,5 +118,5 @@
   if (photcode == 0) {
     if (!gfits_scan (header, "PHOTCODE", "%s", 1, photname)) {
-      fprintf (stderr, "photcode not supplied in header\n");
+      fprintf (stderr, "failure: photcode not supplied in header\n");
       return (FALSE);
     }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/args_loadukirt_uhs.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/args_loadukirt_uhs.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/args_loadukirt_uhs.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+static void help (void);
+
+AddstarClientOptions args_loadukirt_uhs (int *argc, char **argv, AddstarClientOptions options) {
+  
+  int N;
+
+  /* check for help request */
+  if (get_argument (*argc, argv, "-help") ||
+      get_argument (*argc, argv, "-h")) {
+    help ();
+  }
+
+  // UKIRT_MODE is global
+  UKIRT_MODE = UKIRT_MODE_NONE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-uhs"))) {
+    UKIRT_MODE = UKIRT_MODE_UHS;
+    UKIRT_NFILTER = 1;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-ugcs"))) {
+    UKIRT_MODE = UKIRT_MODE_UGCS;
+    UKIRT_NFILTER = 6;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-ugps"))) {
+    UKIRT_MODE = UKIRT_MODE_UGPS;
+    UKIRT_NFILTER = 5;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-ulas"))) {
+    UKIRT_MODE = UKIRT_MODE_ULAS;
+    UKIRT_NFILTER = 5;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+  if (UKIRT_MODE == UKIRT_MODE_NONE) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "missing or invalid ukirt mode\n");
+    help ();
+  }
+
+  /* basic mode: image, list, refcat */
+  options.mode = ADDSTAR_MODE_REFCAT;
+
+  /* we do not allow a subset to be extracted -- all or nothing, babe */
+  UserPatch.Rmin = 0;
+  UserPatch.Rmax= 360;
+  UserPatch.Dmin = -90;
+  UserPatch.Dmax = +90;
+
+  // XXX for the moment, make this selection manual.  it needs to be automatic 
+  // based on the state of the SkyTable
+  HOST_ID = 0;
+  PARALLEL = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-parallel"))) {
+    PARALLEL = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+  // this is a test mode : rather than launching the remote jobs and waiting for completion,
+  // relphot will simply list the remote command and wait for the user to signal completion
+  PARALLEL_MANUAL = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-parallel-manual"))) {
+    PARALLEL = TRUE; // -parallel-manual implies -parallel
+    PARALLEL_MANUAL = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+  // this is a test mode : rather than launching the relphot_client jobs remotely, they are 
+  // run in serial via 'system'
+  PARALLEL_SERIAL = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-parallel-serial"))) {
+    if (PARALLEL_MANUAL) {
+      fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: cannot mix -parallel-manual and -parallel-serial\n");
+      exit (1);
+    }
+    PARALLEL = TRUE; // -parallel-serial implies -parallel
+    PARALLEL_SERIAL = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  /* only add to existing regions */
+  options.existing_regions = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-existing-regions"))) {
+    options.existing_regions = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+  /* only add to existing objects */
+  options.only_match = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-only-match"))) {
+    options.only_match = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+  /* replace measurement, don't duplicate (ref/cat only) */
+  options.replace = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-replace"))) {
+    options.replace = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+  /* override any header PHOTCODE values */
+  options.photcode = 0;
+
+  /* accept proper-motion (& parallax) data from reference */
+  ACCEPT_MOTION = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-accept-motion"))) {
+    ACCEPT_MOTION = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  /* provide a time for dataset */
+  options.timeref = 0; 
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-time"))) {
+    time_t tmp;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+    if (!ohana_str_to_time (argv[N], &tmp)) { 
+      fprintf (stderr, "syntax error in time\n");
+      exit (1);
+    }
+    options.timeref = tmp;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  /* extra error messages */
+  VERBOSE = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-v"))) {
+    VERBOSE = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  /* other addstar options which cannot be used in loadukirt_uhs */
+  // options.timeref = 0; 
+  options.mosaic = FALSE;
+  options.skip_missed = FALSE;
+  options.closest = FALSE;
+  options.nosort = FALSE;
+  options.update = FALSE;
+  options.only_images = FALSE;
+  options.calibrate = FALSE;
+  options.quality_airmass = FALSE;
+  ACCEPT_ASTROM = FALSE;
+  FORCE_READ = FALSE;
+  TEXTMODE = FALSE;
+  SUBPIX = FALSE;
+  DUMP = NULL;
+
+  if (*argc != 2) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "USAGE: loadukirt_uhs [options] (fitsfile)\n");
+    exit (2);
+  }
+  return (options);
+}
+
+static void help () {
+
+  fprintf (stderr, "USAGE: loadukirt_uhs [options] (file) [-uhs | -ugcs | -ulas | -ugps] [..more files]\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "  add data from UKIRT CSV file to DVO\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "  mode is required : -uhs | -ugcs | -ulas | -ugps\n\n");
+
+  fprintf (stderr, "  optional flags:\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "  -only-match           	  : only add measurements to existing objects\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "  -replace              	  : replace time/photcode measurements (no duplication)\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "  -v                    	  : verbose mode\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "  -help                 	  : this list\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "  -h                    	  : this list\n\n");
+  exit (2);
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/find_matches_ukirt_uhs.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/find_matches_ukirt_uhs.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/find_matches_ukirt_uhs.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+int find_matches_ukirt_uhs (SkyRegion *region, UKIRT_Stars *stars, int NstarsIn, Catalog *tgtcat, AddstarClientOptions *options) {
+
+  int Nsecfilt = GetPhotcodeNsecfilt ();
+  int Nsec     = GetPhotcodeNsec (options->photcode);
+
+  /** allocate local arrays (stars) **/
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (X1, double, NstarsIn);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (Y1, double, NstarsIn);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (N1, off_t,  NstarsIn);
+
+  /** allocate local arrays (tgtcat) **/
+  off_t NAVE = tgtcat[0].Naverage;
+  off_t Nave = tgtcat[0].Naverage;
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (X2, double, NAVE);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (Y2, double, NAVE);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (N2, off_t,  NAVE);
+
+  /* for secfilt j and star i, secfilt[i*Nsecfilt+j] */
+
+  /* internal counters */
+  off_t Nmatch = 0;
+  off_t NMEAS = tgtcat[0].Nmeasure;
+  off_t Nmeas = tgtcat[0].Nmeasure;
+
+  off_t *next_meas = NULL;
+
+  // current max obj ID for this tgtcat
+  unsigned int objID = tgtcat[0].objID;
+  unsigned int catID = tgtcat[0].catID;
+
+  /* project onto rectilinear grid with 1 arcsec pixels. the choice of ARC projection has
+   * the advantage that every point in R,D has a mapping to a unique X,Y.  However, note
+   * that not all possible X,Y points map back to R,D and the local plate scale changes
+   * substantially far from the projection pole. We use the center of the region (tgtcat)
+   * for crval1,2.
+   */
+
+  Coords tcoords;
+  InitCoords (&tcoords, "DEC--ARC");
+  tcoords.crval1 = 0.5*(region[0].Rmin + region[0].Rmax);
+  if ((region[0].Dmax < 90) && (region[0].Dmin > -90)) {
+    tcoords.crval2 = 0.5*(region[0].Dmin + region[0].Dmax);
+  } else {
+    tcoords.crval2 = (region[0].Dmax >= 90) ? 90.0 : -90.0;
+  }
+  tcoords.cdelt1 = tcoords.cdelt2 = 1.0 / 3600.0;
+
+  /* build spatial index (RA sort) referencing input array sequence */
+  off_t Nstars = 0;
+  for (off_t i = 0; i < NstarsIn; i++) {
+    int status = RD_to_XY (&X1[Nstars], &Y1[Nstars], stars[i].average.R, stars[i].average.D, &tcoords);
+    if (!status) continue;
+    N1[Nstars] = i;
+    Nstars ++;
+  }
+  if (Nstars < 1) {
+    if (VERBOSE) fprintf (stderr, "skipping %s, no overlapping stars\n", tgtcat[0].filename);
+    free (X1);
+    free (Y1);
+    free (N1);
+    free (X2);
+    free (Y2);
+    free (N2);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (Nstars > 1) sort_coords_index (X1, Y1, N1, Nstars);
+
+  /* build spatial index (RA sort) */
+  for (off_t i = 0; i < Nave; i++) {
+    RD_to_XY (&X2[i], &Y2[i], tgtcat[0].average[i].R, tgtcat[0].average[i].D, &tcoords);
+    N2[i] = i;
+  }
+  if (Nave > 1) sort_coords_index (X2, Y2, N2, Nave);
+
+  /* set up pointers for linked list of measure */
+  if (tgtcat[0].sorted && (tgtcat[0].Nmeasure == tgtcat[0].Nmeasure_disk)) {
+    // this version is only valid if we have done a full tgtcat load, and if the tgtcat
+    // is sorted while processed
+    next_meas = init_measure_links (tgtcat[0].average, Nave, tgtcat[0].measure, Nmeas);
+  } else {
+    next_meas = build_measure_links (tgtcat[0].average, Nave, tgtcat[0].measure, Nmeas);
+  }    
+
+  /* choose a radius for matches */
+  double RADIUS = (options->radius == 0) ? 2.0 : options->radius; /* provided by config */
+  double RADIUS2 = RADIUS*RADIUS;
+
+  /****************** find matched stars ********************/
+
+  for (off_t i = 0, j = 0; (i < Nstars) && (j < Nave); ) {
+    if (!finite(X1[i]) || !finite(Y1[i])) { 
+      i++; 
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!finite(X2[j]) || !finite(Y2[j])) { 
+      j++; 
+      continue;
+    }
+    
+    /* negative dX: j is too large */
+    double dX = X1[i] - X2[j];
+    if (dX <= -1.02*RADIUS) {
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+    /* positive dX, i is too large */
+    if (dX >= 1.02*RADIUS) {
+      j++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // skip this star if already assigned to an object
+    if (stars[N1[i]].found) {
+        i++;
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    /* this block will match a given detection to the closest object within range of that detection.
+       XXX note that this matches ALL detections within range of the single object to that same object 
+       this is bad, but I cannot just go in linear order (ie, mark off each object as they are
+       used).  I should make a list of all Nobj * Ndet pairs in range and choose the matches
+       based on their separations.  UGH
+     */
+    
+    /* within match range; look for matches */
+    off_t Jmin = -1;
+    double Rmin = RADIUS2;
+    for (off_t J = j; (dX > -1.02*RADIUS) && (J < Nave); J++) {
+      /* find closest match for this detection */
+      dX = X1[i] - X2[J];
+      double dY = Y1[i] - Y2[J];
+      double dR = dX*dX + dY*dY;
+      if (dR > RADIUS2) continue;
+      if (dR < Rmin) {
+	Rmin = dR;
+	Jmin  = J;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* no match, try next detection */ 
+    if (Jmin == -1) {
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /*** a match is found, add to average, measure ***/
+    Nmatch ++;
+    off_t n = N2[Jmin];
+    off_t N = N1[i];
+
+    /* make sure there is space for next entry */
+    if (Nmeas >= NMEAS - stars[N].average.Nmeasure) {
+      NMEAS = Nmeas + 1000 + stars[N].average.Nmeasure;
+      REALLOCATE (next_meas, off_t, NMEAS);
+      REALLOCATE (tgtcat[0].measure, Measure, NMEAS);
+    }
+
+    /** add measurements for this star **/
+    for (int mSrc = 0; mSrc < stars[N].average.Nmeasure; mSrc++) {
+
+      /* add to end of measurement list */
+      add_meas_link (&tgtcat[0].average[n], next_meas, Nmeas, NMEAS);
+
+      /** add measurements for this star **/
+
+      // set the new measurements
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas]          = stars[N].measure[mSrc];
+
+      // measure now carries R,D (not dR,dD) 
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].dbFlags  = 0;
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].averef   = n;
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].objID    = tgtcat[0].average[n].objID;
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].catID    = tgtcat[0].catID;
+      
+      float dRoff = dvoOffsetR(&tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas], &tgtcat[0].average[n]);
+
+      // rationalize dR
+      if (dRoff > +180.0*3600.0) {
+	// average on high end of boundary, move star up
+	tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].R += 360.0;
+	dRoff -= 360.0*3600.0;
+      }
+      if (dRoff < -180.0*3600.0) {
+	// average on low end of boundary, move star down
+	tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].R -= 360.0;
+	dRoff += 360.0*3600.0;
+      }
+      if (fabs(dRoff) > 10*RADIUS) {
+	// take declination into account and check again.
+	double cosD = cos(RAD_DEG*tgtcat[0].average[n].D);
+	if (fabs(dRoff*cosD) > 10*RADIUS) {
+	  fprintf (stderr, "error: %10.6f,%10.6f vs %10.6f,%10.6f (%f,%f vs %f,%f)\n", 
+		   tgtcat[0].average[n].R, tgtcat[0].average[n].D, 
+		   stars[N].average.R, stars[N].average.D,
+		   X1[i], X2[Jmin], 
+		   Y1[i], Y2[Jmin]);
+	  // XXX abort on this? -- this is a bad failure...
+	}
+      }
+      
+      /* Nm is updated, but not written out in -update mode (for existing entries)
+	 Nm is recalculated in build_meas_links if loaded table is not sorted */
+      tgtcat[0].average[n].Nmeasure ++;
+      Nmeas ++;
+      
+      /* if we choose to flag close encounters, see find_matches.c */
+      /* if we choose to calculate RA,DEC averages, see update_coords.c */
+    }
+    
+    if (ACCEPT_MOTION) {
+      tgtcat[0].average[n].uR    = stars[N].average.uR;
+      tgtcat[0].average[n].uD    = stars[N].average.uD;
+      tgtcat[0].average[n].duR   = stars[N].average.duR;
+      tgtcat[0].average[n].duD   = stars[N].average.duD;
+      tgtcat[0].average[n].P     = stars[N].average.P;
+      tgtcat[0].average[n].dP    = stars[N].average.dP;
+      tgtcat[0].average[n].Tmean = stars[N].average.Tmean;
+    }
+	
+    stars[N].found = TRUE;
+    i++;
+  }
+
+  /*************** add unmatched stars *************************/
+
+  /** incorporate unmatched image stars, if this star is in field of this tgtcat **/
+  /* these new entries are all written out in UPDATE mode */ 
+  for (off_t i = 0; (i < Nstars) && !options->only_match; i++) {
+    /* make sure there is space for next entry */
+    if (Nmeas >= NMEAS - stars[i].average.Nmeasure) {
+      NMEAS = Nmeas + 1000 + stars[i].average.Nmeasure;
+      REALLOCATE (next_meas, off_t, NMEAS);
+      REALLOCATE (tgtcat[0].measure, Measure, NMEAS);
+    }
+    if (Nave >= NAVE) {
+      NAVE = Nave + 1000;
+      REALLOCATE (tgtcat[0].average, Average, NAVE);
+      if (tgtcat[0].secfilt) {
+	// we only update the secfilt table if it has been allocated for output
+	REALLOCATE (tgtcat[0].secfilt, SecFilt, NAVE*tgtcat[0].Nsecfilt);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (stars[i].found) continue;
+    if (!IN_REGION (stars[i].average.R, stars[i].average.D)) continue;
+
+    dvo_average_init (&tgtcat[0].average[Nave]);
+    tgtcat[0].average[Nave].R         	   = stars[i].average.R;
+    tgtcat[0].average[Nave].D         	   = stars[i].average.D;
+    tgtcat[0].average[Nave].dR         	   = stars[i].average.dR;
+    tgtcat[0].average[Nave].dD         	   = stars[i].average.dD;
+
+    tgtcat[0].average[Nave].measureOffset  = Nmeas;
+    tgtcat[0].average[Nave].objID     	   = objID;
+    tgtcat[0].average[Nave].catID     	   = catID;
+
+    if (PSPS_ID) {
+      tgtcat[0].average[Nave].extID = CreatePSPSObjectID(tgtcat[0].average[Nave].R, tgtcat[0].average[Nave].D);
+    }
+
+    if (ACCEPT_MOTION) {
+      tgtcat[0].average[Nave].uR    = stars[i].average.uR;
+      tgtcat[0].average[Nave].uD    = stars[i].average.uD;
+      tgtcat[0].average[Nave].duR   = stars[i].average.duR;
+      tgtcat[0].average[Nave].duD   = stars[i].average.duD;
+      tgtcat[0].average[Nave].P     = stars[i].average.P;
+      tgtcat[0].average[Nave].dP    = stars[i].average.dP;
+      tgtcat[0].average[Nave].Tmean = stars[i].average.Tmean;
+    }
+	
+    objID ++;
+
+    // we only update the secfilt table if it has been allocated for output
+    for (int j = 0; tgtcat[0].secfilt && (j < Nsecfilt); j++) {
+      dvo_secfilt_init (&tgtcat[0].secfilt[Nave*Nsecfilt+j], SECFILT_RESET_ALL);
+    }
+
+    // supply the measurements from this detection
+    for (int mSrc = 0; mSrc < stars[i].average.Nmeasure; mSrc++) {
+      dvo_measure_init (&tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas]);
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas] = stars[i].measure[mSrc];
+
+      // the following measure elements cannot be set until here:
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].dbFlags  = 0;
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].averef   = Nave;
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].objID    = tgtcat[0].average[Nave].objID;
+      tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas].catID    = tgtcat[0].catID;
+      
+      /* set the average magnitude if not already set and the photcode.equiv is not 0 */
+      /* in UPDATE mode, this value is not saved; use relphot to recalculate */
+      if (Nsec > -1) { 
+	tgtcat[0].secfilt[Nave*Nsecfilt+Nsec].MpsfChp = PhotCat (&tgtcat[0].measure[Nmeas], MAG_CLASS_PSF);
+      }
+
+      tgtcat[0].average[Nave].Nmeasure ++;
+      Nmeas ++;
+
+      // update the next_meas pointer for this entry (last one for this star is -1)
+      next_meas[Nmeas-1] = (mSrc < stars[i].average.Nmeasure - 1) ? Nmeas : -1;
+    }
+    stars[i].found = TRUE;
+    Nave ++;
+  }
+
+  REALLOCATE (tgtcat[0].average, Average, Nave);
+  REALLOCATE (tgtcat[0].measure, Measure, Nmeas);
+ 
+  if (options->nosort) {
+    tgtcat[0].sorted = FALSE;
+  } else {
+    tgtcat[0].sorted = TRUE;
+    tgtcat[0].measure = sort_measure (tgtcat[0].average, Nave, tgtcat[0].measure, Nmeas, next_meas);
+  }
+
+  /* check if the tgtcat has changed?  if no change, no need to write */
+  tgtcat[0].objID    = objID; // new max value, save on tgtcat close
+  tgtcat[0].Naverage = Nave;
+  tgtcat[0].Nmeasure = Nmeas;
+  tgtcat[0].Nsecfilt_mem = tgtcat[0].secfilt ? Nave*Nsecfilt : 0;
+  if (VERBOSE) fprintf (stderr, "Nstars, Nave, Nmeas: "OFF_T_FMT" "OFF_T_FMT" "OFF_T_FMT", ("OFF_T_FMT" matches)\n",  Nstars,  Nave,  Nmeas, Nmatch);
+
+  free (X1);
+  free (Y1);
+  free (N1);
+  free (X2);
+  free (Y2);
+  free (N2);
+  free (next_meas);
+
+  return (Nmatch);
+}
+
+/* 
+   notes:
+   
+   for finding if a tgtcat star is in an image or an image star is in the tgtcat:
+   
+   tgtcats have boundaries defined by RA and DEC, but they may curve in projection
+   images have boundaries which are lines in pixels coords, but curve in RA and DEC
+   
+   tgtcat[0].found[Ncat] but stars[Nstar].found
+   
+*/
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+/* This is the DVO program to upload UKIRT_UHS detections from cvs files supplied by Mike
+   Read into a DVO database.  It is modeled on the loadgaia_dr2 program with column modifications
+   determined by Zhoujian Zhang
+
+   USAGE: loadukirt_uhs -D CATDIR (catdir) (ukirt_uhsfile) [...more files]
+*/
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  SkyTable *sky;
+  SkyList *skylist = NULL;
+  AddstarClientOptions options;
+
+  // need to construct these options with args_loadtycho...
+  SetSignals ();
+  options = ConfigInit (&argc, argv);
+  options = args_loadukirt_uhs (&argc, argv, options);
+
+  // load the full sky description table:
+  sky = SkyTableLoadOptimal (CATDIR, SKY_TABLE, GSCFILE, TRUE, SKY_DEPTH, VERBOSE);
+  SkyTableSetFilenames (sky, CATDIR, "cpt");
+  
+  // generate the subset matching the user-selected region
+  skylist = SkyListByPatch (sky, -1, &UserPatch);
+
+  loadukirt_uhs_table (skylist, argv[1], &options);
+
+  SkyTableFree (sky);
+  SkyListFree(skylist);
+  FreePhotcodeTable();
+  free (CATDIR);
+
+  ohana_memcheck (VERBOSE);
+  ohana_memdump (VERBOSE);
+  exit (0);
+}  
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_catalog.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_catalog.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_catalog.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+int loadukirt_uhs_catalog (UKIRT_Stars *stars, int Nstars, SkyRegion *region, char *filename, AddstarClientOptions *options) {
+
+  Catalog catalog;
+
+  // now we have all of the loaded stars in this catalog
+  dvo_catalog_init (&catalog, TRUE);
+  catalog.filename = filename;
+  catalog.catformat = dvo_catalog_catformat (CATFORMAT);  // set the default catformat from config data
+  catalog.catmode   = dvo_catalog_catmode (CATMODE);      // set the default catmode from config data
+  catalog.catflags = DVO_LOAD_AVERAGE | DVO_LOAD_SECFILT | DVO_LOAD_MEASURE;
+  catalog.Nsecfilt  = GetPhotcodeNsecfilt ();
+    
+  // an error exit status here is a significant error
+  if (!dvo_catalog_open (&catalog, region, VERBOSE, "w")) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: failure to open/create catalog file %s\n", catalog.filename);
+    exit (2);
+  }
+
+  find_matches_ukirt_uhs (region, stars, Nstars, &catalog, options);
+    
+  SetProtect (TRUE);
+  if (!dvo_catalog_save (&catalog, VERBOSE)) { fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: failed to save %s\n", catalog.filename); exit (1); }
+  if (!dvo_catalog_unlock (&catalog)) { fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: failed to unlock %s\n", catalog.filename); exit (1); }
+  SetProtect (FALSE);
+
+  dvo_catalog_free (&catalog);
+
+  return (TRUE);
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_make_subset.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_make_subset.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_make_subset.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+// assign stars in the given region to the subset (NOTE: stars are sorted by RA, start is
+// first entry in stars array in this region)
+
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_make_subset (UKIRT_Stars *stars, int Nstars, int start, SkyRegion *region, int *nsubset) {
+
+  int i;
+
+  // collect array of (Stars *) stars in a new output catalog
+  int Nsubset = 0;
+  int NSUBSET = 3000;
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (subset, UKIRT_Stars, NSUBSET);
+  // for (int i = 0; i < NSUBSET; i++) {
+  //   ALLOCATE (subset[i].measure, Measure, UKIRT_NFILTER);
+  // }
+
+  // find the rest of the stars in this output region
+  for (i = start; i < Nstars; i++) {
+    if (stars[i].flag) continue;
+
+    // check if in skyregion
+    if (stars[i].average.R <  region[0].Rmin) continue;
+    if (stars[i].average.R >= region[0].Rmax) break;
+    if (stars[i].average.D <  region[0].Dmin) continue;
+    if (stars[i].average.D >= region[0].Dmax) continue;
+	  
+    // check if in UserPatch (a GLOBAL)
+    if (stars[i].average.R < UserPatch.Rmin) continue;
+    if (stars[i].average.R > UserPatch.Rmax) break;
+    if (stars[i].average.D < UserPatch.Dmin) continue;
+    if (stars[i].average.D > UserPatch.Dmax) continue;
+	  
+    // the *measure value is a copy of the version allocated to stars[i]
+    // do NOT free subset[i].measure
+    subset[Nsubset] = stars[i];
+    Nsubset ++;
+
+    stars[i].flag = TRUE;
+    
+    CHECK_REALLOCATE (subset, UKIRT_Stars, NSUBSET, Nsubset, 10000);
+
+    /*
+    if (NSTARS >= Nstars) {
+      NSTARS += 10000;
+      REALLOCATE (stars, UKIRT_Stars, NSTARS);
+      for (int j = Nstars; j < NSTARS; j++) {
+	ALLOCATE (stars[j].measure, Measure, NFILTER);
+      }
+    }
+    */
+  }
+
+  *nsubset = Nsubset;
+  return subset;
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars) {
+
+  switch (UKIRT_MODE) {
+    case UKIRT_MODE_UHS: {
+      UKIRT_Stars *stars = loadukirt_uhs_readstars_uhs (f, buffer, nstart, options, nstars);
+      return stars;
+    }
+      
+    case UKIRT_MODE_UGCS: {
+      UKIRT_Stars *stars = loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugcs (f, buffer, nstart, options, nstars);
+      return stars;
+    }
+      
+    case UKIRT_MODE_UGPS: {
+      UKIRT_Stars *stars = loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugps (f, buffer, nstart, options, nstars);
+      return stars;
+    }
+      
+    case UKIRT_MODE_ULAS: {
+      UKIRT_Stars *stars = loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ulas (f, buffer, nstart, options, nstars);
+      return stars;
+    }
+      
+    default:
+      fprintf (stderr, "programming error: invalid mode\n");
+      exit (1);
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+int loadukirt_uhs_sortStars (UKIRT_Stars *stars, int Nstars) {
+
+# define SWAPFUNC(A,B){ UKIRT_Stars temp = stars[A]; stars[A] = stars[B]; stars[B] = temp; }
+# define COMPARE(A,B)(stars[A].average.R < stars[B].average.R)
+
+  OHANA_SORT (Nstars, COMPARE, SWAPFUNC);
+
+# undef SWAPFUNC
+# undef COMPARE
+  
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugcs.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugcs.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugcs.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+/* this function reads the values of interest from the UKIRT UGCS CSV files:
+
+  data model description: doc/mapping_UKIDSS_unWISE_DVO.pdf
+
+  N -- field (column) number in CSV file (1 counting)
+  | UKIRT field name          : DVO measure field
+  1 sourceID                  : extID
+  2 cuEventID		      : 
+  3 frameSetID		      : imageID (assumes we do not try to go backwards for these photcodes)
+  4 ra			      : R
+  5 dec	  		      : D
+
+  6 sigRa		      : 
+  7 sigDec		      : 
+  8 epoch 		      : t ???? -- how is there a single epoch?
+  9 muRa 		      : 
+ 10 muDec		      : 
+ 11 sigMuRa 		      : 
+ 12 sigMuDec 		      : 
+ 13 chi2 		      : 
+ 14 nFrames 		      : 
+
+ 15 cx			      : 
+ 16 cy			      : 
+ 17 cz			      : 
+ 18 htmID		      : 
+ 19 l			      : 
+ 20 b			      : 
+ 21 lambda		      : 
+ 22 eta			      : 
+ 23 priOrSec		      : primary bit in dbFlags
+ 24 zmyPnt                    :
+ 25 zmyPntErr	              :
+ 26 ymjPnt 	              :
+ 27 ymjPntErr	              :
+ 28 jmhPnt	              :
+ 29 jmhPntErr	              :
+ 30 hmk_1Pnt	              :
+ 31 hmk_1PntErr	              :
+ 32 zmyExt 	              :
+ 33 zmyExtErr	              :
+ 34 ymjExt 	              :
+ 35 ymjExtErr	              :
+ 36 jmhExt 	              :
+ 37 jmhExtErr	              :
+ 38 hmk_1Ext                  :
+ 39 hmk_1ExtErr               :
+
+ 40 mergedClassStat	      : 
+ 41 mergedClass		      : psfQFperf or photFlags2
+ 42 pStar		      : psfChisq
+ 43 pGalaxy		      : extNsigma
+ 44 pNoise		      : 
+ 45 pSaturated		      : 
+
+ 46 zHallMag		      : M
+ 47 zHallMagErr		      : dM
+ 48 zPetroMag		      : 
+ 49 zPetroMagErr	      : 
+ 50 zAperMag3		      : Map
+ 51 zAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 52 zAperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 53 zAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 54 zAperMag6		      : 
+ 55 zAperMag6Err	      : 
+ 56 zGausig		      : 
+ 57 zEll		      : 
+ 58 zPA			      : posangle
+ 59 zErrBits		      : 
+ 60 zDeblend		      : 
+ 61 zClass		      : psfQF
+ 62 zClassStat		      : 
+ 63 zppErrBits		      : photFlags
+ 64 zSeqNum                   : detID
+ 65 zObjID		      : 
+ 66 zXi   		      : 
+ 67 zEta		      : 
+
+ 68 yHallMag		      : M
+ 69 yHallMagErr		      : dM
+ 70 yPetroMag		      : 
+ 71 yPetroMagErr	      : 
+ 72 yAperMag3		      : Map
+ 73 yAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 74 yAperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 75 yAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 76 yAperMag6		      : 
+ 77 yAperMag6Err	      : 
+ 78 yGausig		      : 
+ 79 yEll		      : 
+ 80 yPA			      : posangle
+ 81 yErrBits		      : 
+ 82 yDeblend		      : 
+ 83 yClass		      : psfQF
+ 84 yClassStat		      : 
+ 85 yppErrBits		      : photFlags
+ 86 ySeqNum                   : detID
+ 87 yObjID		      : 
+ 88 yXi   		      : 
+ 89 yEta		      : 
+
+ 90 jHallMag		      : M
+ 91 jHallMagErr		      : dM
+ 92 jPetroMag		      : 
+ 93 jPetroMagErr	      : 
+ 94 jAperMag3		      : Map
+ 95 jAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 96 jAperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 97 jAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 98 jAperMag6		      : 
+ 99 jAperMag6Err	      : 
+100 jGausig		      : 
+101 jEll		      : 
+102 jPA			      : posangle
+103 jErrBits		      : 
+104 jDeblend		      : 
+105 jClass		      : psfQF
+106 jClassStat		      : 
+107 jppErrBits		      : photFlags
+108 jSeqNum                   : detID
+109 jObjID		      : 
+110 jXi   		      : 
+111 jEta		      : 
+
+112 hHallMag		      : M
+113 hHallMagErr		      : dM
+114 hPetroMag		      : 
+115 hPetroMagErr	      : 
+116 hAperMag3		      : Map
+117 hAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+118 hAperMag4		      : Mkron
+119 hAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+120 hAperMag6		      : 
+121 hAperMag6Err	      : 
+122 hGausig		      : 
+123 hEll		      : 
+124 hPA			      : posangle
+125 hErrBits		      : 
+126 hDeblend		      : 
+127 hClass		      : psfQF
+128 hClassStat		      : 
+129 hppErrBits		      : photFlags
+130 hSeqNum                   : detID
+131 hObjID		      : 
+132 hXi   		      : 
+133 hEta		      : 
+
+134 k_1HallMag		      : M
+135 k_1HallMagErr	      : dM
+136 k_1PetroMag		      : 
+137 k_1PetroMagErr	      : 
+138 k_1AperMag3		      : Map
+139 k_1AperMag3Err	      : dMap
+140 k_1AperMag4		      : Mkron
+141 k_1AperMag4Err	      : dMron
+142 k_1AperMag6		      : 
+143 k_1AperMag6Err	      : 
+144 k_1Gausig		      : 
+145 k_1Ell		      : 
+146 k_1PA		      : posangle
+147 k_1ErrBits		      : 
+148 k_1Deblend		      : 
+149 k_1Class		      : psfQF
+150 k_1ClassStat	      : 
+151 k_1ppErrBits	      : photFlags
+152 k_1SeqNum                 : detID
+153 k_1ObjID		      : 
+154 k_1Xi   		      : 
+155 k_1Eta		      : 
+
+156 k_2HallMag		      : M
+157 k_2HallMagErr	      : dM
+158 k_2PetroMag		      : 
+159 k_2PetroMagErr	      : 
+160 k_2AperMag3		      : Map
+161 k_2AperMag3Err	      : dMap
+162 k_2AperMag4		      : Mkron
+163 k_2AperMag4Err	      : dMron
+164 k_2AperMag6		      : 
+165 k_2AperMag6Err	      : 
+166 k_2Gausig		      : 
+167 k_2Ell		      : 
+168 k_2PA		      : posangle
+169 k_2ErrBits		      : 
+170 k_2Deblend		      : 
+171 k_2Class		      : psfQF
+172 k_2ClassStat	      : 
+173 k_2ppErrBits	      : photFlags
+174 k_2SeqNum                 : detID
+175 k_2ObjID		      : 
+176 k_2Xi   		      : 
+177 k_2Eta		      : 
+
+*/
+
+# define iPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = iparse_csv_rpt (&ivalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = ivalue; }
+
+# define jPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = jparse_csv_rpt (&jvalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = jvalue; }
+
+# define dPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = dparse_csv_rpt (&dvalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = dvalue; }
+
+static int Nline_read = 0; // track number of lines read so far (use to skip lines as well)
+static int Nskip = 0; // UKIRT UHS CSV files have a single header row (and no special character to mark)
+
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugcs (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars) {
+
+  int codeZ = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_Z"); if (!codeZ) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_Z");
+  int codeY = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_Y"); if (!codeY) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_Y");
+  int codeJ = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_J"); if (!codeJ) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_J");
+  int codeH = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_H"); if (!codeH) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_H");
+  int codeK = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_K"); if (!codeK) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_K");
+
+  // XXX I need a UKIRT UHS Mean Epoch
+  // time_t UKIRT_UHS_EPOCH = ohana_date_to_sec ("2016/01/01,00:00:00");
+  // fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: using an invalid UKIRT_UHS_EPOCH (see loadukirt_uhs_readstars.c:60)\n");
+
+  int Nelem = 0;      // number of valid rows read (vector elements)
+  int NELEM = 10000;  // currently-allocated number of output rows
+
+  // vectors to hold the data loaded from the csv file (names are UKIRT native names)
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (sourceID,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (frameSetID,   uint64_t, NELEM); // XXX doc says 8-bytes for this value!
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ra,           double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (dec,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (epoch,        double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (priOrSec,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (mergedClass,  int,      NELEM); // XXX doc says 2-bytes (could use a short)
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (pStar,        double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (pGalaxy,      double,   NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (zSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ySeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1HallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1HallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1PA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1Class,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2HallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2HallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2PA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2Class,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  // we have a working buffer read from the file. we parse the lines in the working buffer
+  // until we reach the last chunk without an EOL char.  at that point, we shift the start
+  // of the last (partial) line to the start of the buffer and re-fill.
+
+  // we treat \n\r pair as a single EOL char to handle mac files:
+
+  int Nstart = *nstart; // location of the last valid byte in the buffer (start filling here)
+  int EndOfFile = FALSE;
+  while (!EndOfFile && (Nelem < NSTARS_MAX)) {
+    int Nbytes = BUFFER_SIZE - Nstart;
+    // we have allocated one extra byte into which we never read so there will always be a NULL terminating the string
+    bzero (&buffer[Nstart], Nbytes + 1);
+    int Nread = fread (&buffer[Nstart], 1, Nbytes, f);
+    if (ferror (f)) {
+      perror ("error reading data file");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // we still need to parse the rest of the buffer, but there might not be an EOL on the last line
+    if (Nread == 0) {
+      EndOfFile = TRUE;
+    }
+    
+    int bufferStatus = TRUE; 
+    char *c0 = buffer; // c0 always marks the start of a line
+    char *cA = NULL; // cA will carry the curr point within the line
+    while (bufferStatus) {
+
+      // find the end of this current line (\n or \r).  if we hit the end of the buffer (NULL),
+      // attempt to read more data.  finish up when we hit the end of the file
+      char *c1 = strchr (c0, '\n'); // find the end of this current line (also valid for a Mac: \r\n)
+      if (!c1) {
+	c1 = strchr (c0, '\r'); // try \r for Windows files
+      }
+      if (!c1) {
+	Nstart = strlen (c0);
+	if (EndOfFile) {
+	  // if we have reached EOF, we need to do one last pass in case there is a line without a return
+	  c1 = c0 + Nstart;
+	  bufferStatus = FALSE;
+	  if (Nstart == 0) continue; // if we have reached EOF and c0 points at the last valid character, we are done
+	} else {
+	  // if we have not reached EOF, we need to shift the buffer to the start of this line and read more data
+	  memmove (buffer, c0, Nstart);
+	  bufferStatus = FALSE;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      }
+      *c1 = 0; // mark the end of the line 
+      Nline_read ++;
+
+      // skip to the next line (but if EOF, do not overrun buffer)
+      if (Nline_read <= Nskip) { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+
+      // these are not needed: Gaia CSV files do not have any commented-out lines
+      if (*c0 == '#')          { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+      if (*c0 == '!')          { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+
+      // for UKIRT UHS, we know which columns we want in advance
+
+      int lineStatus = TRUE;
+      int readStatus;
+      double dvalue;
+      int ivalue;
+      uint64_t jvalue;
+
+      // cA will follow the currently extracted field, c0 points to the start of the line
+      cA = c0;
+
+      // Tref : TBD for UHS
+
+      // the start of the line is the 1st element (fields are 1-counting)
+      jPARSE (  1,   1, sourceID,      "sourceID");
+      iPARSE (  3,   1, frameSetID,    "frameSetID");
+      dPARSE (  4,   3, ra,            "ra");
+      dPARSE (  5,   4, dec,           "dec");
+      dPARSE (  8,   5, epoch,         "epoch");
+      jPARSE ( 23,   8, priOrSec,      "priOrSec"); // watch for epoch
+      iPARSE ( 41,  23, mergedClass,   "mergedClass");
+      dPARSE ( 42,  41, pStar,         "pStar");
+      dPARSE ( 43,  42, pGalaxy,       "pGalaxy");
+      dPARSE ( 46,  43, zHallMag,      "zHallMag");
+      dPARSE ( 47,  46, zHallMagErr,   "zHallMagErr");
+      dPARSE ( 50,  47, zAperMag3,     "zAperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 51,  50, zAperMag3Err,  "zAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 52,  51, zAperMag4,     "zAperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 53,  52, zAperMag4Err,  "zAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE ( 58,  53, zPA,           "zPA");
+      iPARSE ( 61,  58, zClass,        "zClass");
+      iPARSE ( 63,  61, zppErrBits,    "zppErrBits");
+      iPARSE ( 64,  63, zSeqNum,       "zSeqNum");
+      dPARSE ( 68,  64, yHallMag,      "yHallMag");
+      dPARSE ( 69,  68, yHallMagErr,   "yHallMagErr");
+      dPARSE ( 72,  69, yAperMag3,     "yAperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 73,  72, yAperMag3Err,  "yAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 74,  73, yAperMag4,     "yAperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 75,  74, yAperMag4Err,  "yAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE ( 80,  75, yPA,           "yPA");
+      iPARSE ( 83,  80, yClass,        "yClass");
+      iPARSE ( 85,  83, yppErrBits,    "yppErrBits");
+      iPARSE ( 86,  85, ySeqNum,       "ySeqNum");
+      dPARSE ( 90,  86, jHallMag,      "jHallMag");
+      dPARSE ( 91,  90, jHallMagErr,   "jHallMagErr");
+      dPARSE ( 94,  91, jAperMag3,     "jAperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 95,  94, jAperMag3Err,  "jAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 96,  95, jAperMag4,     "jAperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 97,  96, jAperMag4Err,  "jAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE (102,  97, jPA,           "jPA");
+      iPARSE (105, 102, jClass,        "jClass");
+      iPARSE (107, 105, jppErrBits,    "jppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (108, 107, jSeqNum,       "jSeqNum");
+      dPARSE (112, 108, hHallMag,      "hHallMag");
+      dPARSE (113, 112, hHallMagErr,   "hHallMagErr");
+      dPARSE (116, 113, hAperMag3,     "hAperMag3");
+      dPARSE (117, 116, hAperMag3Err,  "hAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE (118, 117, hAperMag4,     "hAperMag4");
+      dPARSE (119, 118, hAperMag4Err,  "hAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE (124, 119, hPA,           "hPA");
+      iPARSE (127, 124, hClass,        "hClass");
+      iPARSE (129, 127, hppErrBits,    "hppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (130, 129, hSeqNum,       "hSeqNum");
+      dPARSE (134, 130, k1HallMag,     "k1HallMag");
+      dPARSE (135, 134, k1HallMagErr,  "k1HallMagErr");
+      dPARSE (138, 135, k1AperMag3,    "k1AperMag3");
+      dPARSE (139, 138, k1AperMag3Err, "k1AperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE (140, 139, k1AperMag4,    "k1AperMag4");
+      dPARSE (141, 140, k1AperMag4Err, "k1AperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE (146, 141, k1PA,          "k1PA");
+      iPARSE (149, 146, k1Class,       "k1Class");
+      iPARSE (151, 149, k1ppErrBits,   "k1ppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (152, 151, k1SeqNum,      "k1SeqNum");
+      dPARSE (156, 152, k2HallMag,     "k2HallMag");
+      dPARSE (157, 156, k2HallMagErr,  "k2HallMagErr");
+      dPARSE (160, 157, k2AperMag3,    "k2AperMag3");
+      dPARSE (161, 160, k2AperMag3Err, "k2AperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE (162, 161, k2AperMag4,    "k2AperMag4");
+      dPARSE (163, 162, k2AperMag4Err, "k2AperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE (168, 163, k2PA,          "k2PA");
+      iPARSE (171, 168, k2Class,       "k2Class");
+      iPARSE (173, 171, k2ppErrBits,   "k2ppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (174, 173, k2SeqNum,      "k2SeqNum");
+
+      if (!lineStatus && VERBOSE) {
+	// why do I need to copy temp here, does gprint modify the value of temp?
+	char temp[32];
+	strncpy (temp, c0, 32);
+	temp[31] = 0;
+	gprint (GP_ERR, "skip line %s\n\n", temp);
+      }
+
+      Nelem ++;
+      if (Nelem == NELEM) {
+	NELEM += 1000;
+
+	REALLOCATE (sourceID,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (frameSetID,   uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (ra,           double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (dec,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (priOrSec,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (mergedClass,  int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (pStar,        double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (pGalaxy,      double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (zSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (ySeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1HallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1HallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1PA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1Class,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2HallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2HallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2PA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2Class,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+      }
+      if (!EndOfFile) {
+	c0 = c1 + 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Nelem is now the number of items (objects,stars) read from the Gaia CSV file
+  int NstarsIn = Nelem;
+
+  double Rmin = +360.0;
+  double Rmax = -360.0;
+  double Dmin = +360.0;
+  double Dmax = -360.0;
+
+  // start off where we finished on a previous read
+  int Nstars = *nstars;
+  int NSTARS = Nstars + 0.1*NstarsIn;
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (stars, UKIRT_Stars, NSTARS);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < NstarsIn; i++) {
+
+    Rmin = MIN (Rmin, ra[i]);
+    Rmax = MAX (Rmax, ra[i]);
+    Dmin = MIN (Dmin, dec[i]);
+    Dmax = MAX (Dmax, dec[i]);
+
+    // only allocate the measures for stars as we define them
+    ALLOCATE (stars[Nstars].measure, Measure, UKIRT_NFILTER);
+
+    // we have NFILTER (== 6) UKIRT measurements per object
+    dvo_average_init (&stars[Nstars].average);
+    for (int j = 0; j < UKIRT_NFILTER; j++) {
+      dvo_measure_init (&stars[Nstars].measure[j]);
+    }
+    
+    stars[Nstars].average.R = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].average.D = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].average.dR = NAN;
+    stars[Nstars].average.dD = NAN;
+
+    stars[Nstars].flag  = FALSE;
+    stars[Nstars].found = FALSE;
+
+    int isPrimary   = (!priOrSec[i] || (priOrSec[i] == frameSetID[i])) ? ID_MEAS_STACK_PRIMARY : 0x00;
+    int photFlags2 = isPrimary;
+    switch (mergedClass[i]) {
+      case  1: photFlags2 |= 0x01; break; // Galaxy
+      case  0: photFlags2 |= 0x02; break; // Noise
+      case -1: photFlags2 |= 0x04; break; // Star
+      case -2: photFlags2 |= 0x08; break; // probably star
+      case -3: photFlags2 |= 0x10; break; // probably galaxy
+      case -9: photFlags2 |= 0x20; break; // saturated
+      default: break;
+    }
+
+    // y measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].M          = yHallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dM         = yHallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].Map        = yAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dMap       = yAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].Mkron      = yAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dMkron     = yAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].posangle   = yPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].psfQF      = yClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photFlags  = yppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].detID      = ySeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photcode   = codeY;
+
+    // z measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].M          = zHallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].dM         = zHallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].Map        = zAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].dMap       = zAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].Mkron      = zAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].dMkron     = zAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].posangle   = zPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].psfQF      = zClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].photFlags  = zppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].detID      = zSeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].photcode   = codeZ;
+
+    // J measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].M          = jHallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].dM         = jHallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].Map        = jAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].dMap       = jAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].Mkron      = jAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].dMkron     = jAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].posangle   = jPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].psfQF      = jClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].photFlags  = jppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].detID      = jSeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].photcode   = codeJ;
+
+    // H measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].M          = hHallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].dM         = hHallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].Map        = hAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].dMap       = hAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].Mkron      = hAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].dMkron     = hAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].posangle   = hPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].psfQF      = hClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].photFlags  = hppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].detID      = hSeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].photcode   = codeH;
+
+    // K1 measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].M          = k1HallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].dM         = k1HallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].Map        = k1AperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].dMap       = k1AperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].Mkron      = k1AperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].dMkron     = k1AperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].posangle   = k1PA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].psfQF      = k1Class[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].photFlags  = k1ppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].detID      = k1SeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].photcode   = codeK;
+
+    // K1 measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].M          = k2HallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].dM         = k2HallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].Map        = k2AperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].dMap       = k2AperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].Mkron      = k2AperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].dMkron     = k2AperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].posangle   = k2PA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].psfQF      = k2Class[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].photFlags  = k2ppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].detID      = k2SeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[5].photcode   = codeK;
+
+    stars[Nstars].average.Nmeasure = UKIRT_NFILTER;
+    Nstars ++;
+
+    if (NSTARS >= Nstars) {
+      NSTARS += 10000;
+      REALLOCATE (stars, UKIRT_Stars, NSTARS);
+    }
+  }
+
+  FREE (sourceID);
+  FREE (frameSetID);
+  FREE (ra);
+  FREE (dec);
+  FREE (epoch);
+  FREE (priOrSec);
+  FREE (mergedClass);
+  FREE (pStar);
+  FREE (pGalaxy);
+
+  FREE (zHallMag);
+  FREE (zHallMagErr);
+  FREE (zAperMag3);
+  FREE (zAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (zAperMag4);
+  FREE (zAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (zPA);
+  FREE (zClass);
+  FREE (zppErrBits);
+  FREE (zSeqNum);
+
+  FREE (yHallMag);
+  FREE (yHallMagErr);
+  FREE (yAperMag3);
+  FREE (yAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (yAperMag4);
+  FREE (yAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (yPA);
+  FREE (yClass);
+  FREE (yppErrBits);
+  FREE (ySeqNum);
+
+  FREE (jHallMag);
+  FREE (jHallMagErr);
+  FREE (jAperMag3);
+  FREE (jAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (jAperMag4);
+  FREE (jAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (jPA);
+  FREE (jClass);
+  FREE (jppErrBits);
+  FREE (jSeqNum);
+
+  FREE (hHallMag);
+  FREE (hHallMagErr);
+  FREE (hAperMag3);
+  FREE (hAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (hAperMag4);
+  FREE (hAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (hPA);
+  FREE (hClass);
+  FREE (hppErrBits);
+  FREE (hSeqNum);
+
+  FREE (k1HallMag);
+  FREE (k1HallMagErr);
+  FREE (k1AperMag3);
+  FREE (k1AperMag3Err);
+  FREE (k1AperMag4);
+  FREE (k1AperMag4Err);
+  FREE (k1PA);
+  FREE (k1Class);
+  FREE (k1ppErrBits);
+  FREE (k1SeqNum);
+
+  FREE (k2HallMag);
+  FREE (k2HallMagErr);
+  FREE (k2AperMag3);
+  FREE (k2AperMag3Err);
+  FREE (k2AperMag4);
+  FREE (k2AperMag4Err);
+  FREE (k2PA);
+  FREE (k2Class);
+  FREE (k2ppErrBits);
+  FREE (k2SeqNum);
+
+  *nstars = Nstars;
+  *nstart = Nstart;
+  return (stars);
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugps.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugps.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugps.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+/* this function reads the values of interest from the UKIRT UGCS CSV files:
+
+  data model description: doc/mapping_UKIDSS_unWISE_DVO.pdf
+
+  N -- field (column) number in CSV file (1 counting)
+  | UKIRT field name          : DVO measure field
+  1 sourceID                  : extID
+  2 cuEventID		      : 
+  3 frameSetID		      : imageID (assumes we do not try to go backwards for these photcodes)
+  4 ra			      : R
+  5 dec	  		      : D
+
+  6 sigRa		      : 
+  7 sigDec		      : 
+  8 epoch 		      : t ???? -- how is there a single epoch?
+  9 muRa 		      : 
+ 10 muDec		      : 
+ 11 sigMuRa 		      : 
+ 12 sigMuDec 		      : 
+ 13 chi2 		      : 
+ 14 nFrames 		      : 
+
+ 15 cx			      : 
+ 16 cy			      : 
+ 17 cz			      : 
+ 18 htmID		      : 
+ 19 l			      : 
+ 20 b			      : 
+ 21 lambda		      : 
+ 22 eta			      : 
+ 23 priOrSec		      : primary bit in dbFlags
+
+ 24 jmhPnt                    :
+ 25 jmhPntErr	              :
+ 26 hmk1Pnt 	              :
+ 27 hmk1PntErr	              :
+ 28 h2mk1Pnt	              :
+ 29 h2mk1PntErr	              :
+
+ 30 mergedClassStat	      : 
+ 31 mergedClass		      : psfQFperf or photFlags2
+ 32 pStar		      : psfChisq
+ 33 pGalaxy		      : extNsigma
+ 34 pNoise		      : 
+ 35 pSaturated		      : 
+
+ 36 jAperMag1		      : M
+ 37 jAperMag1Err	      : dM
+ 38 jAperMag3		      : Map
+ 39 jAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 40 jAperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 41 jAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 42 jGausig		      : 
+ 43 jEll		      : 
+ 44 jPA			      : posangle
+ 45 jErrBits		      : 
+ 46 jDeblend		      : 
+ 47 jClass		      : psfQF
+ 48 jClassStat		      : 
+ 49 jppErrBits		      : photFlags
+ 50 jSeqNum                   : detID
+ 51 jObjID		      : 
+ 52 jXi   		      : 
+ 53 jEta		      : 
+ 54 hAperMag1		      : M
+ 55 hAperMag1Err	      : dM
+ 56 hAperMag3		      : Map
+ 57 hAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 58 hAperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 59 hAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 60 hGausig		      : 
+ 61 hEll		      : 
+ 62 hPA			      : posangle
+ 63 hErrBits		      : 
+ 64 hDeblend		      : 
+ 65 hClass		      : psfQF
+ 66 hClassStat		      : 
+ 67 hppErrBits		      : photFlags
+ 68 hSeqNum                   : detID
+ 69 hObjID		      : 
+ 70 hXi   		      : 
+ 71 hEta		      : 
+ 72 k_1AperMag1		      : M
+ 73 k_1AperMag1Err	      : dM
+ 74 k_1AperMag3		      : Map
+ 75 k_1AperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 76 k_1AperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 77 k_1AperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 78 k_1Gausig		      : 
+ 79 k_1Ell		      : 
+ 80 k_1PA		      : posangle
+ 81 k_1ErrBits		      : 
+ 82 k_1Deblend		      : 
+ 83 k_1Class		      : psfQF
+ 84 k_1ClassStat	      : 
+ 85 k_1ppErrBits	      : photFlags
+ 86 k_1SeqNum                 : detID
+ 87 k_1ObjID		      : 
+ 88 k_1Xi   		      : 
+ 89 k_1Eta		      : 
+ 90 k_2AperMag1		      : M
+ 91 k_2AperMag1Err	      : dM
+ 92 k_2AperMag3		      : Map
+ 93 k_2AperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 94 k_2AperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 95 k_2AperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 96 k_2Gausig		      : 
+ 97 k_2Ell		      : 
+ 98 k_2PA		      : posangle
+ 99 k_2ErrBits		      : 
+100 k_2Deblend		      : 
+101 k_2Class		      : psfQF
+102 k_2ClassStat	      : 
+103 k_2ppErrBits	      : photFlags
+104 k_2SeqNum                 : detID
+105 k_2ObjID		      : 
+106 k_2Xi   		      : 
+107 k_2Eta		      : 
+108 h_2AperMag1		      : M
+109 h_2AperMag1Err	      : dM
+110 h_2AperMag3		      : Map
+111 h_2AperMag3Err	      : dMap
+112 h_2AperMag4		      : Mkron
+113 h_2AperMag4Err	      : dMron
+114 h_2Gausig		      : 
+115 h_2Ell		      : 
+116 h_2PA		      : posangle
+117 h_2ErrBits		      : 
+118 h_2Deblend		      : 
+119 h_2Class		      : psfQF
+120 h_2ClassStat	      : 
+121 h_2ppErrBits	      : photFlags
+122 h_2SeqNum                 : detID
+123 h_2ObjID		      : 
+124 h_2Xi   		      : 
+125 h_2Eta		      : 
+
+*/
+
+# define iPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = iparse_csv_rpt (&ivalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = ivalue; }
+
+# define jPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = jparse_csv_rpt (&jvalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = jvalue; }
+
+# define dPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = dparse_csv_rpt (&dvalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = dvalue; }
+
+static int Nline_read = 0; // track number of lines read so far (use to skip lines as well)
+static int Nskip = 0; // UKIRT UHS CSV files have a single header row (and no special character to mark)
+
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ugps (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars) {
+
+  int codeJ = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_J"); if (!codeJ) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_J");
+  int codeH = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_H"); if (!codeH) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_H");
+  int codeK = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_K"); if (!codeK) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_K");
+
+  // XXX I need a UKIRT UHS Mean Epoch
+  // time_t UKIRT_UHS_EPOCH = ohana_date_to_sec ("2016/01/01,00:00:00");
+  // fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: using an invalid UKIRT_UHS_EPOCH (see loadukirt_uhs_readstars.c:60)\n");
+
+  int Nelem = 0;      // number of valid rows read (vector elements)
+  int NELEM = 10000;  // currently-allocated number of output rows
+
+  // vectors to hold the data loaded from the csv file (names are UKIRT native names)
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (sourceID,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (frameSetID,   uint64_t, NELEM); // XXX doc says 8-bytes for this value!
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ra,           double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (dec,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (epoch,        double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (priOrSec,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (mergedClass,  int,      NELEM); // XXX doc says 2-bytes (could use a short)
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (pStar,        double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (pGalaxy,      double,   NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag1,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag1Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag1,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag1Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag1,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag1Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1PA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1Class,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k1SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag1,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag1Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2PA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2Class,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (k2SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2AperMag1,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2AperMag1Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2PA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2Class,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (h2SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  // we have a working buffer read from the file. we parse the lines in the working buffer
+  // until we reach the last chunk without an EOL char.  at that point, we shift the start
+  // of the last (partial) line to the start of the buffer and re-fill.
+
+  // we treat \n\r pair as a single EOL char to handle mac files:
+
+  int Nstart = *nstart; // location of the last valid byte in the buffer (start filling here)
+  int EndOfFile = FALSE;
+  while (!EndOfFile && (Nelem < NSTARS_MAX)) {
+    int Nbytes = BUFFER_SIZE - Nstart;
+    // we have allocated one extra byte into which we never read so there will always be a NULL terminating the string
+    bzero (&buffer[Nstart], Nbytes + 1);
+    int Nread = fread (&buffer[Nstart], 1, Nbytes, f);
+    if (ferror (f)) {
+      perror ("error reading data file");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // we still need to parse the rest of the buffer, but there might not be an EOL on the last line
+    if (Nread == 0) {
+      EndOfFile = TRUE;
+    }
+    
+    int bufferStatus = TRUE; 
+    char *c0 = buffer; // c0 always marks the start of a line
+    char *cA = NULL; // cA will carry the curr point within the line
+    while (bufferStatus) {
+
+      // find the end of this current line (\n or \r).  if we hit the end of the buffer (NULL),
+      // attempt to read more data.  finish up when we hit the end of the file
+      char *c1 = strchr (c0, '\n'); // find the end of this current line (also valid for a Mac: \r\n)
+      if (!c1) {
+	c1 = strchr (c0, '\r'); // try \r for Windows files
+      }
+      if (!c1) {
+	Nstart = strlen (c0);
+	if (EndOfFile) {
+	  // if we have reached EOF, we need to do one last pass in case there is a line without a return
+	  c1 = c0 + Nstart;
+	  bufferStatus = FALSE;
+	  if (Nstart == 0) continue; // if we have reached EOF and c0 points at the last valid character, we are done
+	} else {
+	  // if we have not reached EOF, we need to shift the buffer to the start of this line and read more data
+	  memmove (buffer, c0, Nstart);
+	  bufferStatus = FALSE;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      }
+      *c1 = 0; // mark the end of the line 
+      Nline_read ++;
+
+      // skip to the next line (but if EOF, do not overrun buffer)
+      if (Nline_read <= Nskip) { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+
+      // these are not needed: Gaia CSV files do not have any commented-out lines
+      if (*c0 == '#')          { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+      if (*c0 == '!')          { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+
+      // for UKIRT UHS, we know which columns we want in advance
+
+      int lineStatus = TRUE;
+      int readStatus;
+      double dvalue;
+      int ivalue;
+      uint64_t jvalue;
+
+      // cA will follow the currently extracted field, c0 points to the start of the line
+      cA = c0;
+
+      // Tref : TBD for UHS
+
+      // the start of the line is the 1st element (fields are 1-counting)
+      jPARSE (  1,   1, sourceID,       "sourceID");
+      iPARSE (  3,   1, frameSetID,     "frameSetID");
+      dPARSE (  4,   3, ra,             "ra");
+      dPARSE (  5,   4, dec,            "dec");
+      dPARSE (  8,   5, epoch,          "epoch");
+      jPARSE ( 23,   8, priOrSec,       "priOrSec"); // watch for epoch
+      iPARSE ( 31,  23, mergedClass,    "mergedClass");
+      dPARSE ( 32,  31, pStar,          "pStar");
+      dPARSE ( 33,  32, pGalaxy,        "pGalaxy");
+      dPARSE ( 36,  33, jAperMag1,      "jAperMag1");
+      dPARSE ( 37,  36, jAperMag1Err,   "jAperMag1Err");
+      dPARSE ( 38,  37, jAperMag3,      "jAperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 39,  38, jAperMag3Err,   "jAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 40,  39, jAperMag4,      "jAperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 41,  40, jAperMag4Err,   "jAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE ( 44,  41, jPA,            "jPA");
+      iPARSE ( 47,  44, jClass,         "jClass");
+      iPARSE ( 49,  47, jppErrBits,     "jppErrBits");
+      iPARSE ( 50,  49, jSeqNum,        "jSeqNum");
+      dPARSE ( 54,  50, hAperMag1,      "hAperMag1");
+      dPARSE ( 55,  54, hAperMag1Err,   "hAperMag1Err");
+      dPARSE ( 56,  55, hAperMag3,      "hAperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 57,  56, hAperMag3Err,   "hAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 58,  57, hAperMag4,      "hAperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 59,  58, hAperMag4Err,   "hAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE ( 62,  59, hPA,            "hPA");
+      iPARSE ( 65,  62, hClass,         "hClass");
+      iPARSE ( 67,  65, hppErrBits,     "hppErrBits");
+      iPARSE ( 68,  67, hSeqNum,        "hSeqNum");
+      dPARSE ( 72,  68, k1AperMag1,     "k1AperMag1");
+      dPARSE ( 73,  72, k1AperMag1Err,  "k1AperMag1Err");
+      dPARSE ( 74,  73, k1AperMag3,     "k1AperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 75,  74, k1AperMag3Err,  "k1AperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 76,  75, k1AperMag4,     "k1AperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 77,  76, k1AperMag4Err,  "k1AperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE ( 80,  77, k1PA,           "k1PA");
+      iPARSE ( 83,  80, k1Class,        "k1Class");
+      iPARSE ( 85,  83, k1ppErrBits,    "k1ppErrBits");
+      iPARSE ( 86,  85, k1SeqNum,       "k1SeqNum");
+      dPARSE ( 90,  86, k2AperMag1,     "k2AperMag1");
+      dPARSE ( 91,  90, k2AperMag1Err,  "k2AperMag1Err");
+      dPARSE ( 92,  91, k2AperMag3,     "k2AperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 93,  92, k2AperMag3Err,  "k2AperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 94,  93, k2AperMag4,     "k2AperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 95,  94, k2AperMag4Err,  "k2AperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE ( 98,  95, k2PA,           "k2PA");
+      iPARSE (101,  98, k2Class,        "k2Class");
+      iPARSE (103, 101, k2ppErrBits,    "k2ppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (104, 103, k2SeqNum,       "k2SeqNum");
+      dPARSE (108, 104, h2AperMag1,     "hAperMag1");
+      dPARSE (109, 108, h2AperMag1Err,  "hAperMag1Err");
+      dPARSE (110, 109, h2AperMag3,     "hAperMag3");
+      dPARSE (111, 110, h2AperMag3Err,  "hAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE (112, 111, h2AperMag4,     "hAperMag4");
+      dPARSE (113, 112, h2AperMag4Err,  "hAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE (116, 113, h2PA,           "hPA");
+      iPARSE (119, 116, h2Class,        "hClass");
+      iPARSE (121, 119, h2ppErrBits,    "hppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (122, 121, h2SeqNum,       "hSeqNum");
+
+      if (!lineStatus && VERBOSE) {
+	// why do I need to copy temp here, does gprint modify the value of temp?
+	char temp[32];
+	strncpy (temp, c0, 32);
+	temp[31] = 0;
+	gprint (GP_ERR, "skip line %s\n\n", temp);
+      }
+
+      Nelem ++;
+      if (Nelem == NELEM) {
+	NELEM += 1000;
+
+	REALLOCATE (sourceID,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (frameSetID,   uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (ra,           double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (dec,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (priOrSec,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (mergedClass,  int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (pStar,        double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (pGalaxy,      double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag1,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag1Err,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag1,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag1Err,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag1,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag1Err,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1PA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1Class,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k1SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag1,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag1Err,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2PA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2Class,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (k2SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2AperMag1,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2AperMag1Err,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2PA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2Class,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (h2SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+      }
+      if (!EndOfFile) {
+	c0 = c1 + 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Nelem is now the number of items (objects,stars) read from the Gaia CSV file
+  int NstarsIn = Nelem;
+
+  double Rmin = +360.0;
+  double Rmax = -360.0;
+  double Dmin = +360.0;
+  double Dmax = -360.0;
+
+  // start off where we finished on a previous read
+  int Nstars = *nstars;
+  int NSTARS = Nstars + 0.1*NstarsIn;
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (stars, UKIRT_Stars, NSTARS);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < NstarsIn; i++) {
+
+    Rmin = MIN (Rmin, ra[i]);
+    Rmax = MAX (Rmax, ra[i]);
+    Dmin = MIN (Dmin, dec[i]);
+    Dmax = MAX (Dmax, dec[i]);
+
+    // only allocate the measures for stars as we define them
+    ALLOCATE (stars[Nstars].measure, Measure, UKIRT_NFILTER);
+
+    // we have NFILTER (== 6) UKIRT measurements per object
+    dvo_average_init (&stars[Nstars].average);
+    for (int j = 0; j < UKIRT_NFILTER; j++) {
+      dvo_measure_init (&stars[Nstars].measure[j]);
+    }
+
+    stars[Nstars].average.R = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].average.D = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].average.dR = NAN;
+    stars[Nstars].average.dD = NAN;
+
+    stars[Nstars].flag  = FALSE;
+    stars[Nstars].found = FALSE;
+
+    int isPrimary   = (!priOrSec[i] || (priOrSec[i] == frameSetID[i])) ? ID_MEAS_STACK_PRIMARY : 0x00;
+    int photFlags2 = isPrimary;
+    switch (mergedClass[i]) {
+      case  1: photFlags2 |= 0x01; break; // Galaxy
+      case  0: photFlags2 |= 0x02; break; // Noise
+      case -1: photFlags2 |= 0x04; break; // Star
+      case -2: photFlags2 |= 0x08; break; // probably star
+      case -3: photFlags2 |= 0x10; break; // probably galaxy
+      case -9: photFlags2 |= 0x20; break; // saturated
+      default: break;
+    }
+
+    // J measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].M          = jAperMag1[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dM         = jAperMag1Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].Map        = jAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dMap       = jAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].Mkron      = jAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dMkron     = jAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].posangle   = jPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].psfQF      = jClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photFlags  = jppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].detID      = jSeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photcode   = codeJ;
+
+    // H measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].M          = hAperMag1[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].dM         = hAperMag1Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].Map        = hAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].dMap       = hAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].Mkron      = hAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].dMkron     = hAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].posangle   = hPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].psfQF      = hClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].photFlags  = hppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].detID      = hSeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].photcode   = codeH;
+
+    // K1 measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].M          = k1AperMag1[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].dM         = k1AperMag1Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].Map        = k1AperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].dMap       = k1AperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].Mkron      = k1AperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].dMkron     = k1AperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].posangle   = k1PA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].psfQF      = k1Class[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].photFlags  = k1ppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].detID      = k1SeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].photcode   = codeK;
+
+    // K1 measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].M          = k2AperMag1[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].dM         = k2AperMag1Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].Map        = k2AperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].dMap       = k2AperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].Mkron      = k2AperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].dMkron     = k2AperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].posangle   = k2PA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].psfQF      = k2Class[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].photFlags  = k2ppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].detID      = k2SeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].photcode   = codeK;
+
+    // H2 measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].M          = h2AperMag1[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].dM         = h2AperMag1Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].Map        = h2AperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].dMap       = h2AperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].Mkron      = h2AperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].dMkron     = h2AperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].posangle   = h2PA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].psfQF      = h2Class[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].photFlags  = h2ppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].detID      = h2SeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].photcode   = codeH;
+
+    stars[Nstars].average.Nmeasure = UKIRT_NFILTER;
+    Nstars ++;
+
+    if (NSTARS >= Nstars) {
+      NSTARS += 10000;
+      REALLOCATE (stars, UKIRT_Stars, NSTARS);
+    }
+  }
+
+  FREE (sourceID);
+  FREE (frameSetID);
+  FREE (ra);
+  FREE (dec);
+  FREE (epoch);
+  FREE (priOrSec);
+  FREE (mergedClass);
+  FREE (pStar);
+  FREE (pGalaxy);
+
+  FREE (jAperMag1);
+  FREE (jAperMag1Err);
+  FREE (jAperMag3);
+  FREE (jAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (jAperMag4);
+  FREE (jAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (jPA);
+  FREE (jClass);
+  FREE (jppErrBits);
+  FREE (jSeqNum);
+
+  FREE (hAperMag1);
+  FREE (hAperMag1Err);
+  FREE (hAperMag3);
+  FREE (hAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (hAperMag4);
+  FREE (hAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (hPA);
+  FREE (hClass);
+  FREE (hppErrBits);
+  FREE (hSeqNum);
+
+  FREE (k1AperMag1);
+  FREE (k1AperMag1Err);
+  FREE (k1AperMag3);
+  FREE (k1AperMag3Err);
+  FREE (k1AperMag4);
+  FREE (k1AperMag4Err);
+  FREE (k1PA);
+  FREE (k1Class);
+  FREE (k1ppErrBits);
+  FREE (k1SeqNum);
+
+  FREE (k2AperMag1);
+  FREE (k2AperMag1Err);
+  FREE (k2AperMag3);
+  FREE (k2AperMag3Err);
+  FREE (k2AperMag4);
+  FREE (k2AperMag4Err);
+  FREE (k2PA);
+  FREE (k2Class);
+  FREE (k2ppErrBits);
+  FREE (k2SeqNum);
+
+  FREE (h2AperMag1);
+  FREE (h2AperMag1Err);
+  FREE (h2AperMag3);
+  FREE (h2AperMag3Err);
+  FREE (h2AperMag4);
+  FREE (h2AperMag4Err);
+  FREE (h2PA);
+  FREE (h2Class);
+  FREE (h2ppErrBits);
+  FREE (h2SeqNum);
+
+  *nstars = Nstars;
+  *nstart = Nstart;
+  return (stars);
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_uhs.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_uhs.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_uhs.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+/* this function reads the values of interest from the UKIRT UHS CSV files:
+
+  data model description: doc/mapping_UKIDSS_unWISE_DVO.pdf
+
+  N -- field (column) number in CSV file (1 counting)
+  | UKIRT field name          : DVO measure field
+  1 sourceID                  : extID
+  2 cuEventID		      : 
+  3 frameSetID		      : imageID (assumes we do not try to go backwards for these photcodes)
+  4 ra			      : R
+  5 dec			      : D
+  6 cx			      : 
+  7 cy			      : 
+  8 cz			      : 
+  9 htmID		      : 
+ 10 l			      : 
+ 11 b			      : 
+ 12 lambda		      : 
+ 13 eta			      : 
+ 14 priOrSec		      : primary bit in dbFlags
+ 15 mergedClassStat	      : 
+ 16 mergedClass		      : psfQFperf or photFlags2
+ 17 pStar		      : psfChisq
+ 18 pGalaxy		      : extNsigma
+ 19 pNoise		      : 
+ 20 pSaturated		      : 
+ 21 eBV			      : 
+ 22 aJ			      : 
+ 23 jHallMag		      : M
+ 24 jHallMagErr		      : dM
+ 25 jPetroMag		      : 
+ 26 jPetroMagErr	      : 
+ 27 jAperMag3		      : Map
+ 28 jAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 29 jAperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 30 jAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 31 jAperMag6		      : 
+ 32 jAperMag6Err	      : 
+ 33 jGausig		      : 
+ 34 jEll		      : 
+ 35 jPA			      : posangle
+ 36 jErrBits		      : 
+ 37 jDeblend		      : 
+ 38 jClass		      : psfQF
+ 39 jClassStat		      : 
+ 40 jppErrBits		      : photFlags
+ 41 jSeqNum                   : detID
+
+*/
+
+# define iPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = iparse_csv_rpt (&ivalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = ivalue; }
+
+# define jPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = jparse_csv_rpt (&jvalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = jvalue; }
+
+# define dPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = dparse_csv_rpt (&dvalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = dvalue; }
+
+static int Nline_read = 0; // track number of lines read so far (use to skip lines as well)
+static int Nskip = 1; // UKIRT UHS CSV files have a single header row (and no special character to mark)
+
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars_uhs (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars) {
+
+  int codeJ = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_J"); if (!codeJ) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_UHS_J");
+
+  // XXX I need a UKIRT UHS Mean Epoch
+  // time_t UKIRT_UHS_EPOCH = ohana_date_to_sec ("2016/01/01,00:00:00");
+  // fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: using an invalid UKIRT_UHS_EPOCH (see loadukirt_uhs_readstars.c:60)\n");
+
+  int Nelem = 0;      // number of valid rows read (vector elements)
+  int NELEM = 10000;  // currently-allocated number of output rows
+
+  // vectors to hold the data loaded from the csv file (names are UKIRT native names)
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (sourceID,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (frameSetID,   uint64_t, NELEM); // XXX doc says 8-bytes for this value!
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ra,           double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (dec,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (priOrSec,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (mergedClass,  int,      NELEM); // XXX doc says 2-bytes (could use a short)
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (pStar,        double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (pGalaxy,      double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (jSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  // we have a working buffer read from the file. we parse the lines in the working buffer
+  // until we reach the last chunk without an EOL char.  at that point, we shift the start
+  // of the last (partial) line to the start of the buffer and re-fill.
+
+  // we treat \n\r pair as a single EOL char to handle mac files:
+
+  int Nstart = *nstart; // location of the last valid byte in the buffer (start filling here)
+  int EndOfFile = FALSE;
+  while (!EndOfFile && (Nelem < NSTARS_MAX)) {
+    int Nbytes = BUFFER_SIZE - Nstart;
+    // we have allocated one extra byte into which we never read so there will always be a NULL terminating the string
+    bzero (&buffer[Nstart], Nbytes + 1);
+    int Nread = fread (&buffer[Nstart], 1, Nbytes, f);
+    if (ferror (f)) {
+      perror ("error reading data file");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // we still need to parse the rest of the buffer, but there might not be an EOL on the last line
+    if (Nread == 0) {
+      EndOfFile = TRUE;
+    }
+    
+    int bufferStatus = TRUE; 
+    char *c0 = buffer; // c0 always marks the start of a line
+    char *cA = NULL; // cA will carry the curr point within the line
+    while (bufferStatus) {
+
+      // find the end of this current line (\n or \r).  if we hit the end of the buffer (NULL),
+      // attempt to read more data.  finish up when we hit the end of the file
+      char *c1 = strchr (c0, '\n'); // find the end of this current line (also valid for a Mac: \r\n)
+      if (!c1) {
+	c1 = strchr (c0, '\r'); // try \r for Windows files
+      }
+      if (!c1) {
+	Nstart = strlen (c0);
+	if (EndOfFile) {
+	  // if we have reached EOF, we need to do one last pass in case there is a line without a return
+	  c1 = c0 + Nstart;
+	  bufferStatus = FALSE;
+	  if (Nstart == 0) continue; // if we have reached EOF and c0 points at the last valid character, we are done
+	} else {
+	  // if we have not reached EOF, we need to shift the buffer to the start of this line and read more data
+	  memmove (buffer, c0, Nstart);
+	  bufferStatus = FALSE;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      }
+      *c1 = 0; // mark the end of the line 
+      Nline_read ++;
+
+      // skip to the next line (but if EOF, do not overrun buffer)
+      if (Nline_read <= Nskip) { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+
+      // these are not needed: Gaia CSV files do not have any commented-out lines
+      if (*c0 == '#')          { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+      if (*c0 == '!')          { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+
+      // for UKIRT UHS, we know which columns we want in advance
+
+      int lineStatus = TRUE;
+      int readStatus;
+      double dvalue;
+      int ivalue;
+      uint64_t jvalue;
+
+      // cA will follow the currently extracted field, c0 points to the start of the line
+      cA = c0;
+
+      // Tref : TBD for UHS
+
+      // the start of the line is the 1st element (fields are 1-counting)
+      jPARSE ( 1,  1, sourceID,     "sourceID");
+      iPARSE ( 3,  1, frameSetID,   "frameSetID");
+      dPARSE ( 4,  3, ra,           "ra");
+      dPARSE ( 5,  4, dec,          "dec");
+      jPARSE (14,  5, priOrSec,     "priOrSec");
+      iPARSE (16, 14, mergedClass,  "mergedClass");
+      dPARSE (17, 16, pStar,        "pStar");
+      dPARSE (18, 17, pGalaxy,      "pGalaxy");
+      dPARSE (23, 18, jHallMag,     "jHallMag");
+      dPARSE (24, 23, jHallMagErr,  "jHallMagErr");
+      dPARSE (27, 24, jAperMag3,    "jAperMag3");
+      dPARSE (28, 27, jAperMag3Err, "jAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE (29, 28, jAperMag4,    "jAperMag4");
+      dPARSE (30, 29, jAperMag4Err, "jAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE (35, 30, jPA,          "jPA");
+      iPARSE (38, 35, jClass,       "jClass");
+      iPARSE (40, 38, jppErrBits,   "jppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (41, 40, jSeqNum,      "jSeqNum");
+
+      if (!lineStatus && VERBOSE) {
+	// why do I need to copy temp here, does gprint modify the value of temp?
+	char temp[32];
+	strncpy (temp, c0, 32);
+	temp[31] = 0;
+	gprint (GP_ERR, "skip line %s\n\n", temp);
+      }
+
+      Nelem ++;
+      if (Nelem == NELEM) {
+	NELEM += 1000;
+
+	REALLOCATE (sourceID,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (frameSetID,   uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (ra,           double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (dec,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (priOrSec,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (mergedClass,  int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (pStar,        double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (pGalaxy,      double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (jSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+      }
+      if (!EndOfFile) {
+	c0 = c1 + 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Nelem is now the number of items (objects,stars) read from the Gaia CSV file
+  int NstarsIn = Nelem;
+
+  double Rmin = +360.0;
+  double Rmax = -360.0;
+  double Dmin = +360.0;
+  double Dmax = -360.0;
+
+  // start off where we finished on a previous read
+  int Nstars = *nstars;
+  int NSTARS = Nstars + 0.1*NstarsIn;
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (stars, UKIRT_Stars, NSTARS);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < NstarsIn; i++) {
+
+    Rmin = MIN (Rmin, ra[i]);
+    Rmax = MAX (Rmax, ra[i]);
+    Dmin = MIN (Dmin, dec[i]);
+    Dmax = MAX (Dmax, dec[i]);
+
+    // only allocate the measures for stars as we define them
+    ALLOCATE (stars[Nstars].measure, Measure, UKIRT_NFILTER);
+
+    // we have one UKIRT UHS (J-band) measurement per object
+    dvo_average_init (&stars[Nstars].average);
+    for (int j = 0; j < UKIRT_NFILTER; j++) {
+      dvo_measure_init (&stars[Nstars].measure[j]);
+    }
+
+    stars[Nstars].average.R = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].average.D = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].average.dR = NAN;
+    stars[Nstars].average.dD = NAN;
+
+    stars[Nstars].flag  = FALSE;
+    stars[Nstars].found = FALSE;
+
+    int isPrimary   = (!priOrSec[i] || (priOrSec[i] == frameSetID[i])) ? ID_MEAS_STACK_PRIMARY : 0x00;
+    int photFlags2 = isPrimary;
+    switch (mergedClass[i]) {
+      case  1: photFlags2 |= 0x01; break; // Galaxy
+      case  0: photFlags2 |= 0x02; break; // Noise
+      case -1: photFlags2 |= 0x04; break; // Star
+      case -2: photFlags2 |= 0x08; break; // probably star
+      case -3: photFlags2 |= 0x10; break; // probably galaxy
+      case -9: photFlags2 |= 0x20; break; // saturated
+      default: break;
+    }
+
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].M          = jHallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dM         = jHallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].Map        = jAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dMap       = jAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].Mkron      = jAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dMkron     = jAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].posangle   = jPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].psfQF      = jClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photFlags  = jppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].detID      = jSeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photcode   = codeJ;
+
+    stars[Nstars].average.Nmeasure = UKIRT_NFILTER;
+    Nstars ++;
+
+    if (NSTARS >= Nstars) {
+      NSTARS += 10000;
+      REALLOCATE (stars, UKIRT_Stars, NSTARS);
+    }
+  }
+
+  FREE (sourceID);
+  FREE (frameSetID);
+  FREE (ra);
+  FREE (dec);
+  FREE (priOrSec);
+  FREE (mergedClass);
+  FREE (pStar);
+  FREE (pGalaxy);
+  FREE (jHallMag);
+  FREE (jHallMagErr);
+  FREE (jAperMag3);
+  FREE (jAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (jAperMag4);
+  FREE (jAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (jPA);
+  FREE (jClass);
+  FREE (jppErrBits);
+  FREE (jSeqNum);
+
+  *nstars = Nstars;
+  *nstart = Nstart;
+  return (stars);
+}
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ulas.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ulas.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ulas.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,822 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+/* this function reads the values of interest from the UKIRT UGCS CSV files:
+
+  data model description: doc/mapping_UKIDSS_unWISE_DVO.pdf
+
+  N -- field (column) number in CSV file (1 counting)
+  | UKIRT field name          : DVO measure field
+
+  1 sourceID                  : extID
+  2 frameSetID		      : imageID (assumes we do not try to go backwards for these photcodes)
+  3 ra			      : R
+  4 dec	  		      : D
+  5 sigRa		      : 
+  6 sigDec		      : 
+  7 epoch 		      : t ???? -- how is there a single epoch?
+  8 muRa 		      : 
+  9 muDec		      : 
+ 10 sigMuRa 		      : 
+ 11 sigMuDec 		      : 
+ 12 chi2 		      : 
+ 13 nFrames 		      : 
+ 14 cx			      : 
+ 15 cy			      : 
+ 16 cz			      : 
+ 17 htmID		      : 
+ 18 l			      : 
+ 19 b			      : 
+ 20 lambda		      : 
+ 21 eta			      : 
+ 22 priOrSec		      : primary bit in dbFlags
+ 23 ymj_1Pnt 	              :
+ 24 ymj_1PntErr	              :
+ 25 j_1mhPnt	              :
+ 26 j_1mhPntErr	              :
+ 27 hmkPnt	              :
+ 28 hmkPntErr	              :
+ 29 ymj_1Ext 	              :
+ 30 ymj_1ExtErr	              :
+ 31 j_1mhExt 	              :
+ 32 j_1mhExtErr	              :
+ 33 hmkExt                    :
+ 34 hmkExtErr                 :
+ 35 mergedClassStat	      : 
+ 36 mergedClass		      : psfQFperf or photFlags2
+ 37 pStar		      : psfChisq
+ 38 pGalaxy		      : extNsigma
+ 39 pNoise		      : 
+ 40 pSaturated		      : 
+ 41 eBV		              : 
+ 42 aY		              : 
+ 43 aJ
+ 44 aH
+ 45 aK
+ 46 yHallMag		      : M
+ 47 yHallMagErr		      : dM
+ 48 yPetroMag		      : 
+ 49 yPetroMagErr	      : 
+ 50 yAperMag3		      : Map
+ 51 yAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 52 yAperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 53 yAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 54 yAperMag6		      : 
+ 55 yAperMag6Err	      : 
+ 56 yGausig		      : 
+ 57 yEll		      : 
+ 58 yPA			      : posangle
+ 59 yErrBits		      : 
+ 60 yDeblend		      : 
+ 61 yClass		      : psfQF
+ 62 yClassStat		      : 
+ 63 yppErrBits		      : photFlags
+ 64 ySeqNum                   : detID
+ 65 yObjID		      : 
+ 66 yXi   		      : 
+ 67 yEta		      : 
+ 68 j_1HallMag		      : M
+ 69 j_1HallMagErr	      : dM
+ 70 j_1PetroMag		      : 
+ 71 j_1PetroMagErr	      : 
+ 72 j_1AperMag3		      : Map
+ 73 j_1AperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 74 j_1AperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 75 j_1AperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 76 j_1AperMag6		      : 
+ 77 j_1AperMag6Err	      : 
+ 78 j_1Gausig		      : 
+ 79 j_1Ell		      : 
+ 80 j_1PA		      : posangle
+ 81 j_1ErrBits		      : 
+ 82 j_1Deblend		      : 
+ 83 j_1Class		      : psfQF
+ 84 j_1ClassStat	      : 
+ 85 j_1ppErrBits	      : photFlags
+ 86 j_1SeqNum                 : detID
+ 87 j_1ObjID		      : 
+ 88 j_1Xi   		      : 
+ 89 j_1Eta		      : 
+ 90 j_2HallMag		      : M
+ 91 j_2HallMagErr	      : dM
+ 92 j_2PetroMag		      : 
+ 93 j_2PetroMagErr	      : 
+ 94 j_2AperMag3		      : Map
+ 95 j_2AperMag3Err	      : dMap
+ 96 j_2AperMag4		      : Mkron
+ 97 j_2AperMag4Err	      : dMron
+ 98 j_2AperMag6		      : 
+ 99 j_2AperMag6Err	      : 
+100 j_2Gausig		      : 
+101 j_2Ell		      : 
+102 j_2PA		      : posangle
+103 j_2ErrBits		      : 
+104 j_2Deblend		      : 
+105 j_2Class		      : psfQF
+106 j_2ClassStat	      : 
+107 j_2ppErrBits	      : photFlags
+108 j_2SeqNum                 : detID
+109 j_2ObjID		      : 
+110 j_2Xi   		      : 
+111 j_2Eta		      : 
+112 hHallMag		      : M
+113 hHallMagErr		      : dM
+114 hPetroMag		      : 
+115 hPetroMagErr	      : 
+116 hAperMag3		      : Map
+117 hAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+118 hAperMag4		      : Mkron
+119 hAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+120 hAperMag6		      : 
+121 hAperMag6Err	      : 
+122 hGausig		      : 
+123 hEll		      : 
+124 hPA			      : posangle
+125 hErrBits		      : 
+126 hDeblend		      : 
+127 hClass		      : psfQF
+128 hClassStat		      : 
+129 hppErrBits		      : photFlags
+130 hSeqNum                   : detID
+131 hObjID		      : 
+132 hXi   		      : 
+133 hEta		      : 
+134 kHallMag		      : M
+135 kHallMagErr	              : dM
+136 kPetroMag		      : 
+137 kPetroMagErr	      : 
+138 kAperMag3		      : Map
+139 kAperMag3Err	      : dMap
+140 kAperMag4		      : Mkron
+141 kAperMag4Err	      : dMron
+142 kAperMag6		      : 
+143 kAperMag6Err	      : 
+144 kGausig		      : 
+145 kEll		      : 
+146 kPA		              : posangle
+147 kErrBits		      : 
+148 kDeblend		      : 
+149 kClass		      : psfQF
+150 kClassStat	              : 
+151 kppErrBits	              : photFlags
+152 kSeqNum                   : detID
+153 kObjID		      : 
+154 kXi   		      : 
+155 kEta		      : 
+ 
+*/
+
+# define iPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = iparse_csv_rpt (&ivalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = ivalue; }
+
+# define jPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = jparse_csv_rpt (&jvalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = jvalue; }
+
+# define dPARSE(NS,NE,FIELD,NAME) {					\
+    cA = dparse_csv_rpt (&dvalue, (NS), (NE), cA, &readStatus);		\
+    if (!readStatus && VERBOSE) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "suspect field: %d (%s) in %s\n",   (NS), NAME, c0); \
+    }									\
+    lineStatus &= readStatus; FIELD[Nelem] = dvalue; }
+
+static int Nline_read = 0; // track number of lines read so far (use to skip lines as well)
+static int Nskip = 0; // UKIRT UHS CSV files have a single header row (and no special character to mark)
+
+UKIRT_Stars *loadukirt_uhs_readstars_ulas (FILE *f, char *buffer, int *nstart, AddstarClientOptions *options, int *nstars) {
+
+  int codeY = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_Y"); if (!codeY) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_Y");
+  int codeJ = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_J"); if (!codeJ) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_J");
+  int codeH = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_H"); if (!codeH) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_H");
+  int codeK = GetPhotcodeCodebyName ("UKIRT_K"); if (!codeK) Shutdown ("missing photcode UKIRT_K");
+
+  // XXX I need a UKIRT UHS Mean Epoch
+  // time_t UKIRT_UHS_EPOCH = ohana_date_to_sec ("2016/01/01,00:00:00");
+  // fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: using an invalid UKIRT_UHS_EPOCH (see loadukirt_uhs_readstars.c:60)\n");
+
+  int Nelem = 0;      // number of valid rows read (vector elements)
+  int NELEM = 10000;  // currently-allocated number of output rows
+
+  // vectors to hold the data loaded from the csv file (names are UKIRT native names)
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (sourceID,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (frameSetID,   uint64_t, NELEM); // XXX doc says 8-bytes for this value!
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ra,           double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (dec,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (epoch,        double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (priOrSec,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (mergedClass,  int,      NELEM); // XXX doc says 2-bytes (could use a short)
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (pStar,        double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (pGalaxy,      double,   NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (yppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ySeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1HallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1HallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1PA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1Class,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j1SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2HallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2HallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2PA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2Class,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (j2SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (hSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kPA,          double,   NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kClass,       int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (kSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+
+  // we have a working buffer read from the file. we parse the lines in the working buffer
+  // until we reach the last chunk without an EOL char.  at that point, we shift the start
+  // of the last (partial) line to the start of the buffer and re-fill.
+
+  // we treat \n\r pair as a single EOL char to handle mac files:
+
+  int Nstart = *nstart; // location of the last valid byte in the buffer (start filling here)
+  int EndOfFile = FALSE;
+  while (!EndOfFile && (Nelem < NSTARS_MAX)) {
+    int Nbytes = BUFFER_SIZE - Nstart;
+    // we have allocated one extra byte into which we never read so there will always be a NULL terminating the string
+    bzero (&buffer[Nstart], Nbytes + 1);
+    int Nread = fread (&buffer[Nstart], 1, Nbytes, f);
+    if (ferror (f)) {
+      perror ("error reading data file");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // we still need to parse the rest of the buffer, but there might not be an EOL on the last line
+    if (Nread == 0) {
+      EndOfFile = TRUE;
+    }
+    
+    int bufferStatus = TRUE; 
+    char *c0 = buffer; // c0 always marks the start of a line
+    char *cA = NULL; // cA will carry the curr point within the line
+    while (bufferStatus) {
+
+      // find the end of this current line (\n or \r).  if we hit the end of the buffer (NULL),
+      // attempt to read more data.  finish up when we hit the end of the file
+      char *c1 = strchr (c0, '\n'); // find the end of this current line (also valid for a Mac: \r\n)
+      if (!c1) {
+	c1 = strchr (c0, '\r'); // try \r for Windows files
+      }
+      if (!c1) {
+	Nstart = strlen (c0);
+	if (EndOfFile) {
+	  // if we have reached EOF, we need to do one last pass in case there is a line without a return
+	  c1 = c0 + Nstart;
+	  bufferStatus = FALSE;
+	  if (Nstart == 0) continue; // if we have reached EOF and c0 points at the last valid character, we are done
+	} else {
+	  // if we have not reached EOF, we need to shift the buffer to the start of this line and read more data
+	  memmove (buffer, c0, Nstart);
+	  bufferStatus = FALSE;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      }
+      *c1 = 0; // mark the end of the line 
+      Nline_read ++;
+
+      // skip to the next line (but if EOF, do not overrun buffer)
+      if (Nline_read <= Nskip) { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+
+      // these are not needed: Gaia CSV files do not have any commented-out lines
+      if (*c0 == '#')          { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+      if (*c0 == '!')          { if (!EndOfFile) { c0 = c1 + 1; } continue; }
+
+      // for UKIRT UHS, we know which columns we want in advance
+
+      int lineStatus = TRUE;
+      int readStatus;
+      double dvalue;
+      int ivalue;
+      uint64_t jvalue;
+
+      // cA will follow the currently extracted field, c0 points to the start of the line
+      cA = c0;
+
+      // Tref : TBD for UHS
+
+      // the start of the line is the 1st element (fields are 1-counting)
+      jPARSE (  1,   1, sourceID,      "sourceID");
+      iPARSE (  2,   1, frameSetID,    "frameSetID");
+      dPARSE (  3,   2, ra,            "ra");
+      dPARSE (  4,   3, dec,           "dec");
+      dPARSE (  7,   4, epoch,         "epoch");
+      jPARSE ( 22,   7, priOrSec,      "priOrSec"); // watch for epoch
+      iPARSE ( 36,  22, mergedClass,   "mergedClass");
+      dPARSE ( 37,  36, pStar,         "pStar");
+      dPARSE ( 38,  37, pGalaxy,       "pGalaxy");
+      dPARSE ( 46,  38, yHallMag,      "yHallMag");
+      dPARSE ( 47,  46, yHallMagErr,   "yHallMagErr");
+      dPARSE ( 50,  47, yAperMag3,     "yAperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 51,  50, yAperMag3Err,  "yAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 52,  51, yAperMag4,     "yAperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 53,  52, yAperMag4Err,  "yAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE ( 58,  53, yPA,           "yPA");
+      iPARSE ( 61,  58, yClass,        "yClass");
+      iPARSE ( 63,  61, yppErrBits,    "yppErrBits");
+      iPARSE ( 64,  63, ySeqNum,       "ySeqNum");
+      dPARSE ( 68,  64, j1HallMag,     "j1HallMag");
+      dPARSE ( 69,  68, j1HallMagErr,  "j1HallMagErr");
+      dPARSE ( 72,  69, j1AperMag3,    "j1AperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 73,  72, j1AperMag3Err, "j1AperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 74,  73, j1AperMag4,    "j1AperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 75,  74, j1AperMag4Err, "j1AperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE ( 80,  75, j1PA,          "j1PA");
+      iPARSE ( 83,  80, j1Class,       "j1Class");
+      iPARSE ( 85,  83, j1ppErrBits,   "j1ppErrBits");
+      iPARSE ( 86,  85, j1SeqNum,      "j1SeqNum");
+      dPARSE ( 90,  86, j2HallMag,     "j2HallMag");
+      dPARSE ( 91,  90, j2HallMagErr,  "j2HallMagErr");
+      dPARSE ( 94,  91, j2AperMag3,    "j2AperMag3");
+      dPARSE ( 95,  94, j2AperMag3Err, "j2AperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE ( 96,  95, j2AperMag4,    "j2AperMag4");
+      dPARSE ( 97,  96, j2AperMag4Err, "j2AperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE (102,  97, j2PA,          "j2PA");
+      iPARSE (105, 102, j2Class,       "j2Class");
+      iPARSE (107, 105, j2ppErrBits,   "j2ppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (108, 107, j2SeqNum,      "j2SeqNum");
+      dPARSE (112, 108, hHallMag,      "hHallMag");
+      dPARSE (113, 112, hHallMagErr,   "hHallMagErr");
+      dPARSE (116, 113, hAperMag3,     "hAperMag3");
+      dPARSE (117, 116, hAperMag3Err,  "hAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE (118, 117, hAperMag4,     "hAperMag4");
+      dPARSE (119, 118, hAperMag4Err,  "hAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE (124, 119, hPA,           "hPA");
+      iPARSE (127, 124, hClass,        "hClass");
+      iPARSE (129, 127, hppErrBits,    "hppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (130, 129, hSeqNum,       "hSeqNum");
+      dPARSE (134, 130, kHallMag,      "kHallMag");
+      dPARSE (135, 134, kHallMagErr,   "kHallMagErr");
+      dPARSE (138, 135, kAperMag3,     "kAperMag3");
+      dPARSE (139, 138, kAperMag3Err,  "kAperMag3Err");
+      dPARSE (140, 139, kAperMag4,     "kAperMag4");
+      dPARSE (141, 140, kAperMag4Err,  "kAperMag4Err");
+      dPARSE (146, 141, kPA,           "kPA");
+      iPARSE (149, 146, kClass,        "kClass");
+      iPARSE (151, 149, kppErrBits,    "kppErrBits");
+      iPARSE (152, 151, kSeqNum,       "kSeqNum");
+
+      if (!lineStatus && VERBOSE) {
+	// why do I need to copy temp here, does gprint modify the value of temp?
+	char temp[32];
+	strncpy (temp, c0, 32);
+	temp[31] = 0;
+	gprint (GP_ERR, "skip line %s\n\n", temp);
+      }
+
+      Nelem ++;
+      if (Nelem == NELEM) {
+	NELEM += 1000;
+
+	REALLOCATE (sourceID,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (frameSetID,   uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (ra,           double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (dec,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (priOrSec,     uint64_t, NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (mergedClass,  int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (pStar,        double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (pGalaxy,      double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (yppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (ySeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1HallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1HallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1PA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1Class,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j1SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2HallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2HallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2AperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2AperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2AperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2AperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2PA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2Class,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2ppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (j2SeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (hSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kHallMag,     double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kHallMagErr,  double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kAperMag3,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kAperMag3Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kAperMag4,    double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kAperMag4Err, double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kPA,          double,   NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kClass,       int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kppErrBits,   int,      NELEM);
+	REALLOCATE (kSeqNum,      int,      NELEM);
+      }
+      if (!EndOfFile) {
+	c0 = c1 + 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Nelem is now the number of items (objects,stars) read from the Gaia CSV file
+  int NstarsIn = Nelem;
+
+  double Rmin = +360.0;
+  double Rmax = -360.0;
+  double Dmin = +360.0;
+  double Dmax = -360.0;
+
+  // start off where we finished on a previous read
+  int Nstars = *nstars;
+  int NSTARS = Nstars + 0.1*NstarsIn;
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (stars, UKIRT_Stars, NSTARS);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < NstarsIn; i++) {
+
+    Rmin = MIN (Rmin, ra[i]);
+    Rmax = MAX (Rmax, ra[i]);
+    Dmin = MIN (Dmin, dec[i]);
+    Dmax = MAX (Dmax, dec[i]);
+
+    // only allocate the measures for stars as we define them
+    ALLOCATE (stars[Nstars].measure, Measure, UKIRT_NFILTER);
+
+    // we have NFILTER (== 6) UKIRT measurements per object
+    dvo_average_init (&stars[Nstars].average);
+    for (int j = 0; j < UKIRT_NFILTER; j++) {
+      dvo_measure_init (&stars[Nstars].measure[j]);
+    }
+
+    stars[Nstars].average.R = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].average.D = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].average.dR = NAN;
+    stars[Nstars].average.dD = NAN;
+
+    stars[Nstars].flag  = FALSE;
+    stars[Nstars].found = FALSE;
+
+    int isPrimary   = (!priOrSec[i] || (priOrSec[i] == frameSetID[i])) ? ID_MEAS_STACK_PRIMARY : 0x00;
+    int photFlags2 = isPrimary;
+    switch (mergedClass[i]) {
+      case  1: photFlags2 |= 0x01; break; // Galaxy
+      case  0: photFlags2 |= 0x02; break; // Noise
+      case -1: photFlags2 |= 0x04; break; // Star
+      case -2: photFlags2 |= 0x08; break; // probably star
+      case -3: photFlags2 |= 0x10; break; // probably galaxy
+      case -9: photFlags2 |= 0x20; break; // saturated
+      default: break;
+    }
+
+    // y measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].M          = yHallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dM         = yHallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].Map        = yAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dMap       = yAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].Mkron      = yAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].dMkron     = yAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].posangle   = yPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].psfQF      = yClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photFlags  = yppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].detID      = ySeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[0].photcode   = codeY;
+
+    // J_1 measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].M          = j1HallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].dM         = j1HallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].Map        = j1AperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].dMap       = j1AperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].Mkron      = j1AperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].dMkron     = j1AperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].posangle   = j1PA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].psfQF      = j1Class[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].photFlags  = j1ppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].detID      = j1SeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[1].photcode   = codeJ;
+
+    // J measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].M          = j2HallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].dM         = j2HallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].Map        = j2AperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].dMap       = j2AperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].Mkron      = j2AperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].dMkron     = j2AperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].posangle   = j2PA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].psfQF      = j2Class[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].photFlags  = j2ppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].detID      = j2SeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[2].photcode   = codeJ;
+
+    // H measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].M          = hHallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].dM         = hHallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].Map        = hAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].dMap       = hAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].Mkron      = hAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].dMkron     = hAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].posangle   = hPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].psfQF      = hClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].photFlags  = hppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].detID      = hSeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[3].photcode   = codeH;
+
+    // K measure
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].extID      = sourceID[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].imageID    = frameSetID[i]; // XXX check for frameSetID > 31-bit int
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].R          = ra[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].D          = dec[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].psfChisq   = pStar[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].extNsigma  = pGalaxy[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].M          = kHallMag[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].dM         = kHallMagErr[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].Map        = kAperMag3[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].dMap       = kAperMag3Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].Mkron      = kAperMag4[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].dMkron     = kAperMag4Err[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].posangle   = kPA[i]; // XXX units
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].psfQF      = kClass[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].photFlags  = kppErrBits[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].photFlags2 = photFlags2;
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].detID      = kSeqNum[i];
+    stars[Nstars].measure[4].photcode   = codeK;
+
+    stars[Nstars].average.Nmeasure = UKIRT_NFILTER;
+    Nstars ++;
+
+    if (NSTARS >= Nstars) {
+      NSTARS += 10000;
+      REALLOCATE (stars, UKIRT_Stars, NSTARS);
+    }
+  }
+
+  FREE (sourceID);
+  FREE (frameSetID);
+  FREE (ra);
+  FREE (dec);
+  FREE (epoch);
+  FREE (priOrSec);
+  FREE (mergedClass);
+  FREE (pStar);
+  FREE (pGalaxy);
+
+  FREE (yHallMag);
+  FREE (yHallMagErr);
+  FREE (yAperMag3);
+  FREE (yAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (yAperMag4);
+  FREE (yAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (yPA);
+  FREE (yClass);
+  FREE (yppErrBits);
+  FREE (ySeqNum);
+
+  FREE (j1HallMag);
+  FREE (j1HallMagErr);
+  FREE (j1AperMag3);
+  FREE (j1AperMag3Err);
+  FREE (j1AperMag4);
+  FREE (j1AperMag4Err);
+  FREE (j1PA);
+  FREE (j1Class);
+  FREE (j1ppErrBits);
+  FREE (j1SeqNum);
+
+  FREE (j2HallMag);
+  FREE (j2HallMagErr);
+  FREE (j2AperMag3);
+  FREE (j2AperMag3Err);
+  FREE (j2AperMag4);
+  FREE (j2AperMag4Err);
+  FREE (j2PA);
+  FREE (j2Class);
+  FREE (j2ppErrBits);
+  FREE (j2SeqNum);
+
+  FREE (hHallMag);
+  FREE (hHallMagErr);
+  FREE (hAperMag3);
+  FREE (hAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (hAperMag4);
+  FREE (hAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (hPA);
+  FREE (hClass);
+  FREE (hppErrBits);
+  FREE (hSeqNum);
+
+  FREE (kHallMag);
+  FREE (kHallMagErr);
+  FREE (kAperMag3);
+  FREE (kAperMag3Err);
+  FREE (kAperMag4);
+  FREE (kAperMag4Err);
+  FREE (kPA);
+  FREE (kClass);
+  FREE (kppErrBits);
+  FREE (kSeqNum);
+
+  *nstars = Nstars;
+  *nstart = Nstart;
+  return (stars);
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_table.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_table.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/addstar/src/loadukirt_uhs_table.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# include "addstar.h"
+# include "ukirt_uhs.h"
+
+// one pass reads a single file at a time
+int loadukirt_uhs_table (SkyList *skylistInput, char *filename, AddstarClientOptions *options) {
+  
+  // open the input file here and pass the pointer below
+  FILE *f = fopen (filename, "r");
+  if (f == NULL) Shutdown ("can't read ukirt_uhs file: %s", filename);
+
+  // we allocate one extra byte into which we never read so there will always be a NULL terminating the string
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (buffer, char, BUFFER_SIZE + 1);
+  bzero (buffer, BUFFER_SIZE + 1);
+
+  // starting point of valid data in buffer; this is updated on each pass to readstars
+  int Nstart = 0;
+
+  while (1) {
+
+    // read the chunk from the file
+    fprintf (stderr, "loading %s\n", filename);
+
+    // on each pass, we read a new chunk of data and receive Nstars
+
+    int Nstars = 0;
+    UKIRT_Stars *stars = loadukirt_uhs_readstars (f, buffer, &Nstart, options, &Nstars);
+    if (!Nstars) {
+      fclose (f);
+      free (buffer);
+      free (stars);
+      return TRUE; // end of file reached
+    }
+
+    fprintf (stderr, "writing %d stars to dvo\n", Nstars);
+
+    // sort the stars by RA (Nmeasure agnostic)
+    loadukirt_uhs_sortStars (stars, Nstars);
+
+    // scan through the stars, loading the containing catalogs
+    // skip through table for unsaved stars
+    for (int i = 0; i < Nstars; i++) {
+      if (stars[i].flag) continue;
+
+      // scan forward until we read the UserPatch
+      if (stars[i].average.R < UserPatch.Rmin) continue;
+      if (stars[i].average.R > UserPatch.Rmax) break;
+      if (stars[i].average.D < UserPatch.Dmin) continue;
+      if (stars[i].average.D > UserPatch.Dmax) continue;
+
+      // identify the relevant catalog
+      SkyList *skylist = SkyRegionByPoint_List (skylistInput, -1, stars[i].average.R, stars[i].average.D);
+      if (skylist[0].Nregions == 0) {
+	SkyListFree (skylist);
+	continue;
+      }
+      SkyRegion *region = skylist[0].regions[0];
+
+      // select stars matching this region (Nmeasure agnostic)
+      int Nsubset;
+      UKIRT_Stars *subset = loadukirt_uhs_make_subset (stars, Nstars, i, region, &Nsubset);
+
+      // In parallel mode, write out the subset to a disk file.  Block until a remote host
+      // is available.  In serial mode, just match against the appropriate region and save
+      // NOTE: disable parallel mode for now: 
+      // loadukirt_uhs_save_remote (subset, Nsubset, hosts, region, skylist[0].filename[0], options);
+      // loadukirt_uhs_catalog (Nmeasure agnostic)
+      loadukirt_uhs_catalog (subset, Nsubset, region, skylist[0].filename[0], options);
+      free (subset);
+      SkyListFree (skylist);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < Nstars; i++) {
+      free (stars[i].measure);
+    }
+    free (stars);
+  }
+
+  // wait for last remote clients to finish
+  // NOTE: disable parallel mode for now: 
+  // harvest_all ();
+
+  // we should not actually reach this point
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+/* modifying to read in smaller blocks of the input file at a time
+
+   each pass on readstars needs to ...
+
+*/
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/include/dvomerge.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/include/dvomerge.h	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/include/dvomerge.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -31,5 +31,8 @@
 int    IMAGES_ONLY;
 int    ACCEPT_MOTION;
+
+int    ACCEPT_ASTROM;
 int    RETAIN_AVE_PHOTOMETRY;
+
 char   CATDIR[DVO_MAX_PATH];
 char   GSCFILE[DVO_MAX_PATH];
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/src/args.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/src/args.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/src/args.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -112,9 +112,15 @@
   }
 
-  /* limit the impact of a dvomerge -parallel */
+  /* accept input database average astrometry motions */
   ACCEPT_MOTION = FALSE;
   if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-accept-motion"))) {
     remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
     ACCEPT_MOTION = TRUE;
+  }
+  /* accept input database average astrometry information */
+  ACCEPT_ASTROM = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-accept-astrom"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+    ACCEPT_ASTROM = TRUE;
   }
 
@@ -337,9 +343,15 @@
   }
 
-  /* limit the impact of a dvomerge -parallel */
+  /* accept input database average astrometry motions */
   ACCEPT_MOTION = FALSE;
   if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-accept-motion"))) {
     remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
     ACCEPT_MOTION = TRUE;
+  }
+  /* accept input database average astrometry information */
+  ACCEPT_ASTROM = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-accept-astrom"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+    ACCEPT_ASTROM = TRUE;
   }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/src/dvomergeUpdate_catalogs.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/src/dvomergeUpdate_catalogs.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/src/dvomergeUpdate_catalogs.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -328,4 +328,5 @@
     if (FORCE_MERGE)           { strextend (&command, "-force-merge"); }
     if (ACCEPT_MOTION)         { strextend (&command, "-accept-motion"); }
+    if (ACCEPT_ASTROM)         { strextend (&command, "-accept-astrom"); }
     if (RETAIN_AVE_PHOTOMETRY) { strextend (&command, "-retain-ave-photometry"); }
     if (MATCHED_TABLES)        { strextend (&command, "-matched-tables"); }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/src/merge_catalogs_old.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/src/merge_catalogs_old.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/dvomerge/src/merge_catalogs_old.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -363,4 +363,5 @@
     }
 
+    // XXX: add choice of secfilt
     // update the average properties to reflect the incoming entries:
     // if RETAIN_AVE_PHOTOMETRY is true and the original value is NAN, but the input value is not, accept the input:
@@ -389,5 +390,5 @@
 
     // we can choose to accept the proper-motion and parallax from the reference tgtcat
-    if (ACCEPT_MOTION) {
+    if (ACCEPT_MOTION || ACCEPT_ASTROM) {
       output[0].average[n].dR         = input[0].average[N].dR;
       output[0].average[n].dD         = input[0].average[N].dD;
@@ -400,4 +401,8 @@
       output[0].average[n].Tmean      = input[0].average[N].Tmean;
     }
+    if (ACCEPT_ASTROM) {
+      output[0].average[n].R          = input[0].average[N].R;
+      output[0].average[n].D          = input[0].average[N].D;
+    }
 
     /* Nm is updated, but not written out in -update mode (for existing entries)
@@ -461,5 +466,5 @@
 
     // we can choose to accept the proper-motion and parallax from the reference tgtcat
-    if (ACCEPT_MOTION) {
+    if (ACCEPT_MOTION || ACCEPT_ASTROM) {
       output[0].average[Nave].dR         = input[0].average[N].dR;
       output[0].average[Nave].dD         = input[0].average[N].dD;
@@ -471,4 +476,8 @@
       output[0].average[Nave].dP         = input[0].average[N].dP;
       output[0].average[Nave].Tmean      = input[0].average[N].Tmean;
+    }
+    if (ACCEPT_ASTROM) {
+      output[0].average[Nave].R          = input[0].average[N].R;
+      output[0].average[Nave].D          = input[0].average[N].D;
     }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/Makefile
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/Makefile	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/Makefile	(revision 41170)
@@ -42,5 +42,5 @@
 $(SRC)/bDrawObjects.$(ARCH).o	  	  $(SRC)/bDrawFrame.$(ARCH).o         \
 $(SRC)/bDrawLabels.$(ARCH).o              $(SRC)/bDrawIt.$(ARCH).o            \
-$(SRC)/bDrawImage.$(ARCH).o               \
+$(SRC)/bDrawImage.$(ARCH).o               $(SRC)/MemoryDump.$(ARCH).o	      \
 $(SRC)/PNGit.$(ARCH).o                    $(SRC)/PPMit.$(ARCH).o	      \
 $(SRC)/PSit.$(ARCH).o                     $(SRC)/CrossHairs.$(ARCH).o         \
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/doc/outline.txt
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/doc/outline.txt	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/doc/outline.txt	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+
+This document outlines the way kapa works.
+
+Top-Level (kapa.c):
+
+  * load arguments
+  * generate basic graphic structure (SetUpGraphic)
+    * this is held static by SetUpGraphic.c
+    * it currently does not carry all elements: sections are static elsewhere
+    * Graphic elements are a bit X-centric. 
+  * generate basic window elements (InitLayout / Layout.c)
+  * run event loop
+
+Event Loop:
+
+  * check pipe for messages
+  * in X context, check for various events (cursor interations, resizing, moving, raising)
+
+In X context, events which expose or reconfigure the window trigger Refresh().
+
+In non-X context:
+ * PNGit & JPEGit trigger bDrawIt (equivalent to Refresh)
+ * PSit is equivalent to bDrawIt
+
+------
+
+I would like to change from native X to native bDraw functions.  This
+would allow for opacity and anti-aliasing.  To do this, I need to do
+the following:
+
+* bDraw operations need to include a mask so we can distinguish layers
+  (e.g., text on image).  anti-aliasing needs to be applied to text
+  and graph elements, but not to the images
+
+* Refresh currently calls DrawImage with generates both the main image
+  as well as the extra elements: colorbar, zoom window, pan window,
+  buttons.
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/include/prototypes.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/include/prototypes.h	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/include/prototypes.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -3,7 +3,13 @@
 int	      args		  PROTO((int *argc, char **argv));
 void          SetUpGraphic        PROTO((int *argc, char **argv));
+void          FreeGraphic         PROTO((void));
 void          DefineLayout        PROTO((int, char **));
 int	      EventLoop		  PROTO((void));
 void	      CloseDisplay	  PROTO((void));
+int           MemoryDump          PROTO((int sock));
+int           MemoryDumpLines     PROTO((int sock));
+int           MemoryDumpOnExit    PROTO((int sock));
+int           MemoryDumpSetOnExit PROTO((int state));
+int           MemoryDumpAndExit   PROTO((void));
 
 /* SetUpGraphic */
@@ -33,4 +39,6 @@
 void	      DrawTextlines	  PROTO((KapaGraphWidget *graph));
 void          DrawConnect         PROTO((Graphic *graphic, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *objects));
+void          DrawPolygon         PROTO((Graphic *graphic, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *objects));
+void          DrawPolyfill        PROTO((Graphic *graphic, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *objects));
 void          DrawHistogram       PROTO((Graphic *graphic, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *objects));
 int           DrawObjectN         PROTO((Graphic *graphic, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *objects));
@@ -85,4 +93,5 @@
 int           SetColormapFromPipe PROTO((int sock));
 int           SetNanColorFromPipe PROTO((int sock));
+int           SetSmoothSigma      PROTO((int sock));
 
 int           LoadVectorData      PROTO((int sock, KapaGraphWidget *graph, int N, char *type));
@@ -109,4 +118,5 @@
 
 void          InitLayout          PROTO((int argc, char **argv));
+void          FreeLayout          PROTO((void));
 
 /* PS drawing utilities */
@@ -142,4 +152,6 @@
 void          bDrawBars           PROTO((bDrawBuffer *buffer, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object, int mode));
 void	      bDrawPoints	  PROTO((bDrawBuffer *buffer, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object));
+void	      bDrawPolygons	  PROTO((bDrawBuffer *buffer, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object));
+void	      bDrawFillPolygons	  PROTO((bDrawBuffer *buffer, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object));
 void	      bDrawXErrors	  PROTO((bDrawBuffer *buffer, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object));
 void	      bDrawYErrors	  PROTO((bDrawBuffer *buffer, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object));
@@ -179,4 +191,5 @@
 void          InitButtonFunc      PROTO((Button *button, int (*function)(Graphic *graphic, KapaImageWidget *image)));
 void          DrawImage           PROTO((KapaImageWidget *image));
+void          DrawImageTool       PROTO((KapaImageWidget *image));
 void          DrawButton          PROTO((Graphic *graphic, Button *button));
 void          DrawBitmap          PROTO((Graphic *graphic, int x, int y, int dx, int dy, unsigned char *bitmap, int mode));
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/include/structures.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/include/structures.h	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/include/structures.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -48,4 +48,6 @@
   unsigned long  back;	      // basic background color
 
+  float smooth_sigma; // anti-aliasing smoothing scale
+
   unsigned long  overlay_color[NOVERLAYS]; // image plotting colors 
 } Graphic;
@@ -131,9 +133,23 @@
 } Overlay;
   
-typedef struct {
-  float *x, *y, *z, *dxp, *dxm, *dyp, *dym;
-  int Npts;
-  int style, ptype, ltype, color, etype, ebar;
-  double lweight, size;
+// a set of objects all have the same basic properties
+typedef struct {
+  float *x; // x-coordinates of the points
+  float *y; // y-coordinates of the points
+  float *z; // size/colorscale for points
+  float *dxp; // lower-errorbar in x
+  float *dxm; // upper-errorbar in x
+  float *dyp; // lower-errorbar in y
+  float *dym; // upper-errorbar in y
+  int Npts;   // number of points in this set
+  int style;  // how are the object draw: CONNECT, HISTOGRAM,
+  int ptype;  // shape of object at each point
+  // ptype is overloaded for NPOLYGON to be the number of points / polygon
+  int ltype;  // style of line (solid, dot, dash, etc)
+  int color;  // color for point (if not colorscaled)
+  int etype;  // errorbars to draw (0x01 = y, 0x02 = x)
+  int ebar;   // draw a cap on the error bar
+  double lweight; // line thickness
+  double size; // size of the object
   double x0, x1, y0, y1;  /* limits for this object */
   double alpha;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/CheckPipe.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/CheckPipe.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/CheckPipe.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -352,4 +352,28 @@
   }
 
+  if (!strcmp (word, "SIGM")) {
+    SetSmoothSigma (sock);
+    KiiSendCommand (sock, 4, "DONE");
+    FINISHED (TRUE);
+  }
+
+  if (!strcmp (word, "MEMD")) {
+    MemoryDump (sock);
+    KiiSendCommand (sock, 4, "DONE");
+    FINISHED (TRUE);
+  }
+
+  if (!strcmp (word, "MEML")) {
+    MemoryDumpLines (sock);
+    KiiSendCommand (sock, 4, "DONE");
+    FINISHED (TRUE);
+  }
+
+  if (!strcmp (word, "MEMX")) {
+    MemoryDumpOnExit (sock);
+    KiiSendCommand (sock, 4, "DONE");
+    FINISHED (TRUE);
+  }
+
   fprintf (stderr, "unknown signal %s\n", word);
   KiiSendCommand (sock, 4, "DONE");
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/DrawObjects.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/DrawObjects.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/DrawObjects.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -97,26 +97,26 @@
   switch (object[0].style) {
     case KAPA_PLOT_CONNECT: 
-      // fprintf (stderr, "plot KAPA_PLOT_CONNECT: \n");
       DrawConnect (graphic, graph, object);
       break;
+    case KAPA_PLOT_POLYGON: 
+      DrawPolygon (graphic, graph, object);
+      break;
+    case KAPA_PLOT_POLYFILL: 
+      DrawPolyfill (graphic, graph, object);
+      break;
     case KAPA_PLOT_HISTOGRAM:
-      // fprintf (stderr, "plot KAPA_PLOT_HISTOGRAM:\n");
       DrawHistogram (graphic, graph, object);
       break;
     case KAPA_PLOT_BARS_SOLID:
-      // fprintf (stderr, "plot KAPA_PLOT_BARS_SOLID:\n");
       DrawBars (graphic, graph, object, KAPA_PLOT_BARS_SOLID);
       break;
     case KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTLINE:
-      // fprintf (stderr, "plot KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTLINE:\n");
       DrawBars (graphic, graph, object, KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTLINE);
       break;
     case KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTFILL:
-      // fprintf (stderr, "plot KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTFILL:\n");
       DrawBars (graphic, graph, object, KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTFILL);
       break;
     case KAPA_PLOT_POINTS:
     default:
-      // fprintf (stderr, "plot KAPA_PLOT_POINTS:\n");
       DrawPoints (graphic, graph, object);
       break;
@@ -172,5 +172,137 @@
     sx0 = sx1; sy0 = sy1;
   }
-  
+}
+
+/******/
+void DrawPolygon (Graphic *graphic, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object) {
+
+  float *x, *y;
+  double mxi, mxj, myi, myj, bxi, bxj, byi, byj, bx, by;
+  double sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1;
+  double X0, X1, Y0, Y1;
+
+  mxi = graph[0].axis[0].dfx / (object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  mxj = graph[0].axis[1].dfx / (object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  myi = graph[0].axis[0].dfy / (object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  myj = graph[0].axis[1].dfy / (object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  
+  bxi  =  graph[0].axis[0].fx - object[0].x0*graph[0].axis[0].dfx/(object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  bxj  =  -object[0].y0*graph[0].axis[1].dfx/(object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  byi  =  -object[0].x0*graph[0].axis[0].dfy/(object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  byj  =  graph[0].axis[1].fy - object[0].y0*graph[0].axis[1].dfy/(object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  
+  bx = bxi + bxj;
+  by = byi + byj;
+  
+  X0 = graph[0].axis[0].fx;
+  X1 = graph[0].axis[0].fx + graph[0].axis[0].dfx;
+  Y0 = graph[0].axis[1].fy;
+  Y1 = graph[0].axis[1].fy + graph[0].axis[1].dfy;
+
+  x = object[0].x; y = object[0].y;
+
+  // ptype must > 2
+  // Npts % ptype must be 0
+  // who must validate that?
+
+  // each polygon is made of (N = ptype) points
+  // we connect each point and the last one back
+  for (int i = 0; i < object[0].Npts; i += object[0].ptype) {
+    // first check for any invalid values for this polygon
+    int skipObject = FALSE;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < object[0].ptype) && !skipObject; j++) {
+      int k = i + j;
+      if (!(finite(x[k]) && finite(y[k]))) skipObject = TRUE;
+    }
+    if (skipObject) continue;
+
+    for (int j = 0; (j < object[0].ptype); j++) {
+      int k = i + j;
+      sx0 = x[k]*mxi + y[k]*mxj + bx + XCENTER;
+      sy0 = x[k]*myi + y[k]*myj + by + YCENTER;
+
+      // last point connects to first
+      if (j == object[0].ptype - 1) {
+	sx1 = x[i]*mxi + y[i]*mxj + bx + XCENTER;
+	sy1 = x[i]*myi + y[i]*myj + by + YCENTER;
+      } else {
+	sx1 = x[k+1]*mxi + y[k+1]*mxj + bx + XCENTER;
+	sy1 = x[k+1]*myi + y[k+1]*myj + by + YCENTER;
+      }
+      ClipLine (graphic, sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1, X0, Y0, X1, Y1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/******/
+void DrawPolyfill (Graphic *graphic, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object) {
+
+  float *x, *y, *z;
+  double mxi, mxj, myi, myj, bxi, bxj, byi, byj, bx, by;
+  double sx0, sy0;
+  // double X0, X1, Y0, Y1;
+
+  mxi = graph[0].axis[0].dfx / (object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  mxj = graph[0].axis[1].dfx / (object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  myi = graph[0].axis[0].dfy / (object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  myj = graph[0].axis[1].dfy / (object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  
+  bxi  =  graph[0].axis[0].fx - object[0].x0*graph[0].axis[0].dfx/(object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  bxj  =  -object[0].y0*graph[0].axis[1].dfx/(object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  byi  =  -object[0].x0*graph[0].axis[0].dfy/(object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  byj  =  graph[0].axis[1].fy - object[0].y0*graph[0].axis[1].dfy/(object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  
+  bx = bxi + bxj;
+  by = byi + byj;
+  
+  /*
+    window boundary so we can clip objects
+  X0 = graph[0].axis[0].fx;
+  X1 = graph[0].axis[0].fx + graph[0].axis[0].dfx;
+  Y0 = graph[0].axis[1].fy;
+  Y1 = graph[0].axis[1].fy + graph[0].axis[1].dfy;
+  */
+
+  x = object[0].x; y = object[0].y; z = object[0].z;
+
+  // ptype must > 2
+  // Npts % ptype must be 0
+  // who must validate that?
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (points, XPoint, object[0].ptype);
+
+  // NOTE that LoadObject.c:45 limits the allow
+  // object styles which may have negative (scaled) colors
+  int scaleColor = (object[0].color < 0);
+
+  // each polygon is made of (N = ptype) points
+  // we connect each point and the last one back
+  for (int i = 0; i < object[0].Npts; i += object[0].ptype) {
+    // first check for any invalid values for this polygon
+    int skipObject = FALSE;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < object[0].ptype) && !skipObject; j++) {
+      int k = i + j;
+      if (!(finite(x[k]) && finite(y[k]))) skipObject = TRUE;
+    }
+    if (skipObject) continue;
+
+    for (int j = 0; (j < object[0].ptype); j++) {
+      int k = i + j;
+      sx0 = x[k]*mxi + y[k]*mxj + bx + XCENTER;
+      sy0 = x[k]*myi + y[k]*myj + by + YCENTER;
+
+      points[j].x = sx0;
+      points[j].y = sy0;
+    }
+
+    if (scaleColor) {
+      if (!finite(z[i])) continue;
+      int pixel = MIN (graphic->Npixels - 2, MAX (0, z[i]*(graphic->Npixels - 1)));
+      XSetForeground (graphic->display, graphic->gc, graphic->cmap[pixel].pixel);
+    }
+    XFillPolygon (graphic->display, graphic->window, graphic->gc, points, object[0].ptype, Convex, CoordModeOrigin);
+  }
+
+  free (points);
 }
 
@@ -580,4 +712,7 @@
   int scaleColor = (object[0].color < 0);
 
+  // NOTE that LoadObject.c:45 limits the allow
+  // object styles which may have negative (scaled) colors
+
   ds = 0.5 * (graphic->dx + graphic->dy) * 0.003 * object[0].size;
   dz = 0.5 * (graphic->dx + graphic->dy) * 0.010;
@@ -916,8 +1051,8 @@
     // for open circles, only go to the outer radius
     D = 0;
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  7) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  1) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  5) { D = scaleSize ? 0.66*dz*z[i] : 0.66*ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype == 15) { D = scaleSize ? 0.66*dz*z[i] : 0.66*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_CIRCLE_OPEN  	) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_BOX_OPEN     	) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN	) { D = scaleSize ? 0.66*dz*z[i] : 0.66*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN_DOWN) { D = scaleSize ? 0.66*dz*z[i] : 0.66*ds; }
     if (!(finite(x[i]) && finite(y[i]) && finite(dxp[i]))) goto skip_dxp;
     if (D > fabs(dxp[i]*mxi)) goto skip_dxp;
@@ -999,8 +1134,8 @@
     // for open circles, only go to the outer radius
     D = 0;
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  7) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  1) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  5) { D = scaleSize ? 1.15*dz*z[i] : 1.15*ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype == 15) { D = scaleSize ? 0.58*dz*z[i] : 0.58*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_CIRCLE_OPEN  	) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_BOX_OPEN     	) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN	) { D = scaleSize ? 1.15*dz*z[i] : 1.15*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN_DOWN) { D = scaleSize ? 0.58*dz*z[i] : 0.58*ds; }
     if (!(finite(x[i]) && finite(y[i]) && finite(dyp[i]))) goto skip_dyp;
     if (D > fabs(dyp[i]*myj)) goto skip_dyp;
@@ -1023,6 +1158,6 @@
   skip_dyp:
     if (!(finite(x[i]) && finite(y[i]) && finite(dym[i]))) continue;
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  5) { D = scaleSize ? 0.58*dz*z[i] : 0.58*ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype == 15) { D = scaleSize ? 1.15*dz*z[i] : 1.15*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN	) { D = scaleSize ? 0.58*dz*z[i] : 0.58*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN_DOWN) { D = scaleSize ? 1.15*dz*z[i] : 1.15*ds; }
     if (D > fabs(dym[i]*myj)) continue;
     sx0 = x[i]*mxi + y[i]*mxj + bx + XCENTER;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/Image.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/Image.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/Image.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -148,4 +148,21 @@
 void DrawImage (KapaImageWidget *image) {
 
+  Graphic *graphic;
+
+  if (image == NULL) return;
+
+  graphic = GetGraphic ();
+
+  if (image[0].picture.pix) {
+    XPutImage (graphic[0].display, graphic[0].window, graphic[0].gc,
+	       image[0].picture.pix, 0, 0, 
+	       image[0].picture.x + 1, image[0].picture.y + 1, 
+	       image[0].picture.dx, image[0].picture.dy);
+  }
+}
+
+// add the zoom, pan, crosshairs, status box, buttons
+void DrawImageTool (KapaImageWidget *image) {
+
   int i;
   Graphic *graphic;
@@ -160,17 +177,4 @@
 		  image[0].picture.dx+1, image[0].picture.dy+1);
   
-  if (image[0].picture.pix) {
-    XPutImage (graphic[0].display, graphic[0].window, graphic[0].gc,
-	       image[0].picture.pix, 0, 0, 
-	       image[0].picture.x + 1, image[0].picture.y + 1, 
-	       image[0].picture.dx, image[0].picture.dy);
-  }
-
-  for (i = 0; i < NOVERLAYS; i++) {
-    if (image[0].overlay[i].active) {
-      PaintOverlay (graphic, image, i);
-    }
-  }
-
   if (image[0].location) {
     if (image[0].cmapbar.pix) {
@@ -211,6 +215,4 @@
     StatusBox (graphic, image);
   }
-
-  FlushDisplay ();
 }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/InterpretKeys.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/InterpretKeys.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/InterpretKeys.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -160,4 +160,6 @@
       break;
 
+    case XK_plus:
+    case XK_equal:
     case XK_KP_Add:
       if (modstate & ControlMask) {
@@ -171,4 +173,7 @@
       Reorient (graphic, image, image[0].picture.Xc, image[0].picture.Yc, 0);
       break;
+
+    case XK_minus:
+    case XK_underscore:
     case XK_KP_Subtract:
       if (modstate & ControlMask) {
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/JPEGit24.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/JPEGit24.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/JPEGit24.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -212,4 +212,5 @@
     }
     bDrawBufferFree (buffer);
+    free (palette);
   }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/Layout.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/Layout.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/Layout.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -45,2 +45,7 @@
   AddSection ("default", 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1);
 }
+
+void FreeLayout (void) {
+  FreeSections ();
+  FreeRotFonts ();
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/LoadFrame.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/LoadFrame.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/LoadFrame.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -93,20 +93,4 @@
   SetSectionSizes (section);
   Refresh();
-  // if (USE_XWINDOW) DrawFrame (graph);
-  // FlushDisplay ();
-
-  /* XXX why did I do this??? */
-# if (0)
-  status = TRUE;
-  if (status) {
-    for (i = 0; i < Nsection; i++) {
-      PositionPicture (&section[i]);
-    }
-    if (USE_XWINDOW) XClearWindow (graphic.display, graphic.window);
-    Refresh ();
-  } else {
-    FlushDisplay ();
-  } 
-# endif
 
   return (TRUE);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/LoadLabels.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/LoadLabels.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/LoadLabels.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -26,4 +26,6 @@
   label[Nbytes] = 0;
   
+  FREE (label);
+
   c = GetRotFont (&size);
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/LoadObject.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/LoadObject.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/LoadObject.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -42,5 +42,11 @@
       graph[0].objects[N].color = KapaColormapSize() - 1;
   }
-  if ((graph[0].objects[N].style != KAPA_PLOT_POINTS) && (graph[0].objects[N].color < 0)) {
+
+  // XXX watch out for this restriction in DrawObjects / bDrawObjects
+  int canScaleColor = FALSE;
+  canScaleColor |= (graph[0].objects[N].style == KAPA_PLOT_POINTS);
+  canScaleColor |= (graph[0].objects[N].style == KAPA_PLOT_POLYFILL);
+
+  if (!canScaleColor && (graph[0].objects[N].color < 0)) {
       graph[0].objects[N].color = 0;
   }
@@ -103,8 +109,13 @@
 
   if (USE_XWINDOW) {
-    Graphic *graphic = GetGraphic();
-    DrawObjectN (graphic, graph, &graph[0].objects[graph[0].Nobjects-1]);
-  }
-  FlushDisplay ();
+    if (0) {
+      // use this if we are not using buffered plotting
+      Graphic *graphic = GetGraphic();
+      DrawObjectN (graphic, graph, &graph[0].objects[graph[0].Nobjects-1]);
+      FlushDisplay ();
+    } else {
+      Refresh ();
+    }
+  }
 
   return (TRUE);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/MemoryDump.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/MemoryDump.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/MemoryDump.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# include "Ximage.h"
+
+static int DumpOnExit = FALSE;
+
+int MemoryDump (int sock) {
+  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(sock);
+
+  ohana_memdump_file (stderr, TRUE);
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+int MemoryDumpLines (int sock) {
+
+  int Nlines;
+  KiiScanMessage (sock, "%d", &Nlines);
+
+  ohana_memdump_set_maxlines (Nlines);
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+int MemoryDumpOnExit (int sock) {
+  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(sock);
+
+  int state;
+  KiiScanMessage (sock, "%d", &state);
+
+  MemoryDumpSetOnExit (state);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+int MemoryDumpSetOnExit (int state) {
+  DumpOnExit = state;
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+int MemoryDumpAndExit (void) {
+  if (DumpOnExit) MemoryDump(0);
+  exit (0);
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/PNGit.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/PNGit.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/PNGit.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -98,4 +98,9 @@
   png_write_info (png_ptr, info_ptr);
 
+  if (graphic->smooth_sigma == 0.0) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "making PNG without antialias smoothing\n");
+    fprintf (stderr, "use 'antialias (value)' to set smoothing scale (0.4 - 0.7 recommended)\n");
+  }
+    
   if (haveImage) {
     buffer = bDrawIt (palette, Npalette, 3);
@@ -109,4 +114,6 @@
   
   bDrawBufferFree (buffer);
+  free (palette);
+  
   fclose (f);
   return (TRUE);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/PPMit.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/PPMit.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/PPMit.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -46,4 +46,6 @@
   
   bDrawBufferFree (buffer);
+  free (palette);
+
   return (TRUE);
 }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/Refresh.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/Refresh.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/Refresh.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -1,5 +1,68 @@
 # include "Ximage.h"
 
+# define USE_BUFFERED_DRAW 1
+
+void bDrawXimage (bDrawBuffer *buffer);
+void Refresh_Buffered (void);
+void Refresh_Unbuffered (void);
+
 void Refresh (void) {
+  if (USE_BUFFERED_DRAW) {
+    Refresh_Buffered();
+  } else {
+    Refresh_Unbuffered();
+  }
+}
+
+void Refresh_Buffered (void) {
+
+  int Npalette;
+  Graphic *graphic;
+
+  if (!USE_XWINDOW) return;
+  // if (HAVE_BACKING) return;
+
+  graphic = GetGraphic();
+  
+  // limit the png window to the min needed to contain the active graphic regions
+  SectionMinBoundary (graphic);
+
+  // is the palette reasonable in modern context?
+  png_color *palette = KapaPNGPalette (&Npalette);
+
+  bDrawBuffer *buffer = bDrawIt (palette, Npalette, 3);
+  
+  /* XClearWindow   (graphic.display, graphic.window); */
+  XSetForeground (graphic->display, graphic->gc, graphic->back);
+  XFillRectangle (graphic->display, graphic->window, graphic->gc, 0, 0, graphic->dx, graphic->dy);
+  XSetForeground (graphic->display, graphic->gc, graphic->fore);
+  
+  // copy buffer to Xwindow as image?
+  bDrawXimage (buffer);
+  bDrawBufferFree (buffer);
+  free (palette);
+
+  // draw image tool for all sections
+  int Nsection = GetNumberOfSections ();
+  for (int i = 0; i < Nsection; i++) {
+    Section *section = GetSectionByNumber (i);
+
+    KapaImageWidget *image = section->image;
+    DrawImageTool (image);
+
+    /*** PaintOverlay is called in DrawImage ***
+    if (!image) continue;
+    for (int j = 0; j < NOVERLAYS; j++) {
+      if (image[0].overlay[j].active) {
+	PaintOverlay (graphic, image, j);
+      }
+    }
+    */
+  }
+
+  FlushDisplay ();
+}
+
+void Refresh_Unbuffered (void) {
 
   int i, Nsection;
@@ -20,8 +83,21 @@
   Nsection = GetNumberOfSections ();
   for (i = 0; i < Nsection; i++) {
-      section = GetSectionByNumber (i);
-      DrawSectionBG (graphic, section);
-      DrawImage (section->image);
-      DrawGraph (section->graph);
+    section = GetSectionByNumber (i);
+    DrawSectionBG (graphic, section);
+
+    KapaImageWidget *image = section->image;
+    DrawImage (image);
+    DrawImageTool (image);
+
+    /*** the overlay is added in DrawImage  ***/
+    if (image) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < NOVERLAYS; j++) {
+	if (image[0].overlay[j].active) {
+	  PaintOverlay (graphic, image, j);
+	}
+      }
+    }
+
+    DrawGraph (section->graph);
   }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/SetColormap.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/SetColormap.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/SetColormap.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -72,5 +72,5 @@
 	  }
       }
-      fprintf (stderr, "ruff Npix: %d vs %d\n", i, graphic[0].Npixels);
+      // fprintf (stderr, "ruff Npix: %d vs %d\n", i, graphic[0].Npixels);
 
       // all other modes are 1D: set the flag:
@@ -217,4 +217,5 @@
       !strncmp (graphic->colormapName, "lgcy:", 5) || 
       !strncmp (graphic->colormapName, "cetf:", 5) || 
+      !strncmp (graphic->colormapName, "cetr:", 5) || 
       !strncmp (graphic->colormapName, "csvf:", 5)) {
 
@@ -233,9 +234,10 @@
     int isCSV = !strncmp (graphic->colormapName, "csvf:", 5);
     int isCET = !strncmp (graphic->colormapName, "cetf:", 5);
+    int isCETRev = !strncmp (graphic->colormapName, "cetr:", 5);
     int isLegacy = !strncmp (graphic->colormapName, "lgcy:", 5);
 
     float fracIndex, fracRed, fracBlue, fracGreen;
 
-    if (isCET) fracIndex = 0.0;
+    if (isCET || isCETRev) fracIndex = 0.0;
 
     while (scan_line_maxlen (f, line, 1024) != EOF) {
@@ -247,5 +249,5 @@
 	if (Nscan != 4) continue;
       }
-      if (isCET) {
+      if (isCET || isCETRev) {
 	Nscan = sscanf (line, "%f,%f,%f", &fracRed, &fracGreen, &fracBlue);
 	fracIndex += 1.0 / 256.0;
@@ -256,5 +258,5 @@
 	if (Nscan != 4) continue;
       }
-      if (!isCSV && !isLegacy && !isCET) {
+      if (!isCSV && !isLegacy && !isCET && !isCETRev) {
 	Nscan = sscanf (line, "%f %f %f %f", &fracIndex, &fracRed, &fracGreen, &fracBlue);
 	if (Nscan != 4) continue;
@@ -299,4 +301,16 @@
       }
     }
+
+    // reverse the color sequence:
+    if (isCETRev) {
+      for (i = 0; i < MaxValue / 2; i++) {  
+	unsigned short tmp;
+	// fprintf (stderr, "swap: %d %d\n", graphic[0].cmap[i].red, graphic[0].cmap[MaxValue - 1 - i].red);
+	tmp = graphic[0].cmap[i].red;   graphic[0].cmap[i].red   = graphic[0].cmap[MaxValue - 1 - i].red;   graphic[0].cmap[MaxValue - 1 - i].red   = tmp;
+	tmp = graphic[0].cmap[i].blue;  graphic[0].cmap[i].blue  = graphic[0].cmap[MaxValue - 1 - i].blue;  graphic[0].cmap[MaxValue - 1 - i].blue  = tmp;
+	tmp = graphic[0].cmap[i].green; graphic[0].cmap[i].green = graphic[0].cmap[MaxValue - 1 - i].green; graphic[0].cmap[MaxValue - 1 - i].green = tmp;
+      }
+    }
+
     goto store_colors;
   }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/SetUpGraphic.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/SetUpGraphic.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/SetUpGraphic.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -32,4 +32,6 @@
   graphic->pixels       = NULL;
 
+  graphic->smooth_sigma = 0.0;
+
   if (!USE_XWINDOW) {
     ALLOCATE (graphic[0].pixels, unsigned long, NPIXELS_STATIC);
@@ -50,5 +52,4 @@
   CheckVisual (graphic, argc, argv);
   CheckColors (graphic, argc, argv);
-
 
   icon.width = icon_width;
@@ -84,2 +85,22 @@
 }
 
+int SetSmoothSigma (int sock) {
+
+  float sigma;
+  KiiScanMessage (sock, "%f", &sigma);
+
+  if (isfinite(sigma)) {
+    if ((sigma <= 1.1) && (sigma >= 0.0)) {
+      graphic->smooth_sigma = sigma;
+    }
+  }
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+void FreeGraphic () {
+  free (graphic->pixels);
+  free (graphic->cmap);
+  free (graphic->color);
+  free (graphic->colormapName);
+  free (graphic);
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/args.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/args.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/args.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -23,4 +23,9 @@
     NAME_WINDOW = strcreate (argv[N]);
     remove_argument(N, argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-memdump"))) {
+    remove_argument(N, argc, argv);
+    MemoryDumpSetOnExit (TRUE);
   }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawImage.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawImage.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawImage.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 # include "Ximage.h"
+
+// XXX for the moment, this function does NOT set the mask bits.
+// since we lay graphics on top of images, this is OK for now
 
 # define WHITE_R 255
@@ -54,10 +57,18 @@
 
   // the created buffer is supposed to contain the output windows
+  if (Xs < 0) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "image display boundaries out of range of window (invalid condition) : fix Kapa\n");
+    abort();
+  }
   if (buffer[0].Nx < Xs + dx) {
-    fprintf (stderr, "invalid condition\n");
+    fprintf (stderr, "image display boundaries out of range of window (invalid condition) : fix Kapa\n");
+    abort();
+  }
+  if (Ys < 0) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "image display boundaries out of range of window (invalid condition) : fix Kapa\n");
     abort();
   }
   if (buffer[0].Ny < Ys + dy) {
-    fprintf (stderr, "invalid condition\n");
+    fprintf (stderr, "image display boundaries out of range of window (invalid condition) : fix Kapa\n");
     abort();
   }
@@ -153,4 +164,27 @@
 
   return (TRUE);
+}
+
+void bDrawXimage (bDrawBuffer *buffer) {
+
+  Graphic *graphic = GetGraphic ();
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (data, char, 4*buffer->Nx*buffer->Ny);
+
+  for (int iy = 0; iy < buffer->Ny; iy++) {
+    for (int ix = 0; ix < buffer->Nx; ix++) {
+      data[4*(iy*buffer->Nx + ix) + 0] = buffer->pixels[iy][3*ix + 2];
+      data[4*(iy*buffer->Nx + ix) + 1] = buffer->pixels[iy][3*ix + 1];
+      data[4*(iy*buffer->Nx + ix) + 2] = buffer->pixels[iy][3*ix + 0];
+      data[4*(iy*buffer->Nx + ix) + 3] = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  XImage *pix = XCreateImage (graphic[0].display, graphic[0].visual, graphic[0].depth, ZPixmap, 0, 
+			      data, buffer->Nx, buffer->Ny, 32, 0);
+
+  XPutImage (graphic[0].display, graphic[0].window, graphic[0].gc, pix, 0, 0, 1, 1, buffer->Nx, buffer->Ny);
+
+  free (data);
 }
 
@@ -186,4 +220,5 @@
     }
     bDrawBufferFree (buffer);
+    free (palette);
   }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawIt.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawIt.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawIt.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -3,31 +3,47 @@
 bDrawBuffer *bDrawIt (png_color *palette, int Npalette, int Nbyte) {
 
-  int i, j, Nsection;
-  bDrawBuffer *buffer;
-  bDrawColor black;
-  Graphic *graphic;
-  Section *section;
+  Graphic *graphic = GetGraphic();
+  bDrawColor black = KapaColorByName ("black");
 
-  graphic = GetGraphic();
+  // get the number of sections
+  int Nsection = GetNumberOfSections ();
 
-  black = KapaColorByName ("black");
+  // in order to allow the anti-aliasing to affect the text & graphs but not the images
+  // I need to generate the images in one buffer and the graphs in a second buffer
+  // then merge the two buffers.
 
-  // if we want to trim, we'll need to carry about the start in graphic coords and
-  // the dx,dy size.  
-  buffer = bDrawBufferCreate (graphic->dxwin, graphic->dywin, Nbyte, palette, Npalette);
-  bDrawSetStyle (buffer, black, 0, 0, 1.0);
+  // base will hold the images
+  bDrawBuffer *base = bDrawBufferCreate (graphic->dxwin, graphic->dywin, Nbyte, palette, Npalette);
+  bDrawSetStyle (base, black, 0, 0, 1.0);
   
-  // reset the sizes for all sections
-  Nsection = GetNumberOfSections ();
-  for (i = 0; i < Nsection; i++) {
-      section = GetSectionByNumber (i);
-      bDrawImage (buffer, section->image, graphic);
-      for (j = 0; section->image && (j < NOVERLAYS); j++) {
-	if (section->image->overlay[j].active) bDrawOverlay (buffer, section->image, j);
-      }
-      bDrawGraph (buffer, section->graph);
+  for (int i = 0; i < Nsection; i++) {
+    Section *section = GetSectionByNumber (i);
+    bDrawImage (base, section->image, graphic);
   }
 
-  return (buffer);
+  // graph will hold the graphic overlay
+  bDrawBuffer *graph = bDrawBufferCreate (graphic->dxwin, graphic->dywin, Nbyte, palette, Npalette);
+  bDrawSetStyle (graph, black, 0, 0, 1.0);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < Nsection; i++) {
+    Section *section = GetSectionByNumber (i);
+    for (int j = 0; section->image && (j < NOVERLAYS); j++) {
+      if (section->image->overlay[j].active) bDrawOverlay (graph, section->image, j);
+    }
+    bDrawGraph (graph, section->graph);
+  }
+
+  // apply anti-aliasing only to the graph
+  if (graphic->smooth_sigma > 0.0) {
+    // anything > 1.1 blurs the image too much
+    graphic->smooth_sigma = MIN (graphic->smooth_sigma, 1.1);
+    bDrawSmooth (graph, graphic->smooth_sigma);
+  }
+  
+  // place graph on base
+  bDrawMerge (base, graph);
+  bDrawBufferFree (graph);
+
+  return (base);
 }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawObjects.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawObjects.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawObjects.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -9,4 +9,6 @@
 # define OpenTriangle(BUF,X1,Y1,X2,Y2,X3,Y3) (bDrawTriOpen (BUF, (X1), (Y1), (X2), (Y2), (X3), (Y3)))
 
+// I should not have a local static variable for this:
+// I should just pass the graphic structure to the called functions below
 static Graphic *graphic;
 
@@ -35,4 +37,10 @@
     case KAPA_PLOT_CONNECT: 
       bDrawConnect (buffer, graph, object);
+      break;
+    case KAPA_PLOT_POLYGON: 
+      bDrawPolygons (buffer, graph, object);
+      break;
+    case KAPA_PLOT_POLYFILL: 
+      bDrawFillPolygons (buffer, graph, object);
       break;
     case KAPA_PLOT_HISTOGRAM:
@@ -103,4 +111,153 @@
     sx0 = sx1; sy0 = sy1;
   }
+}
+
+void bDrawPolygons (bDrawBuffer *buffer, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object) {
+
+  float *x, *y;
+  double mxi, mxj, myi, myj, bxi, bxj, byi, byj, bx, by;
+  double sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1;
+  double X0, X1, Y0, Y1;
+
+  mxi = graph[0].axis[0].dfx / (object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  mxj = graph[0].axis[1].dfx / (object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  myi = graph[0].axis[0].dfy / (object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  myj = graph[0].axis[1].dfy / (object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  
+  bxi  =  graph[0].axis[0].fx - object[0].x0*graph[0].axis[0].dfx/(object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  bxj  =  -object[0].y0*graph[0].axis[1].dfx/(object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  byi  =  -object[0].x0*graph[0].axis[0].dfy/(object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  byj  =  graph[0].axis[1].fy - object[0].y0*graph[0].axis[1].dfy/(object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  
+  bx = bxi + bxj;
+  by = byi + byj;
+  
+  X0 = graph[0].axis[0].fx;
+  X1 = graph[0].axis[0].fx + graph[0].axis[0].dfx;
+  Y0 = graph[0].axis[1].fy;
+  Y1 = graph[0].axis[1].fy + graph[0].axis[1].dfy;
+
+  x = object[0].x; y = object[0].y;
+
+  // ptype must > 2
+  // Npts % ptype must be 0
+  // who must validate that?
+
+  // each polygon is made of (N = ptype) points
+  // we connect each point and the last one back
+  for (int i = 0; i < object[0].Npts; i += object[0].ptype) {
+    // first check for any invalid values for this polygon
+    int skipObject = FALSE;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < object[0].ptype) && !skipObject; j++) {
+      int k = i + j;
+      if (!(finite(x[k]) && finite(y[k]))) skipObject = TRUE;
+    }
+    if (skipObject) continue;
+
+    for (int j = 0; (j < object[0].ptype); j++) {
+      int k = i + j;
+      sx0 = x[k]*mxi + y[k]*mxj + bx;
+      sy0 = x[k]*myi + y[k]*myj + by;
+
+      // last point connects to first
+      if (j == object[0].ptype - 1) {
+	sx1 = x[i]*mxi + y[i]*mxj + bx;
+	sy1 = x[i]*myi + y[i]*myj + by;
+      } else {
+	sx1 = x[k+1]*mxi + y[k+1]*mxj + bx;
+	sy1 = x[k+1]*myi + y[k+1]*myj + by;
+      }
+      bDrawClipLine (buffer, sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1, X0, Y0, X1, Y1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void bDrawFillPolygons (bDrawBuffer *buffer, KapaGraphWidget *graph, Gobjects *object) {
+
+  float *x, *y;
+  double mxi, mxj, myi, myj, bxi, bxj, byi, byj, bx, by;
+  double sx0, sy0;
+  // double X0, X1, Y0, Y1;
+
+  mxi = graph[0].axis[0].dfx / (object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  mxj = graph[0].axis[1].dfx / (object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  myi = graph[0].axis[0].dfy / (object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  myj = graph[0].axis[1].dfy / (object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  
+  bxi  =  graph[0].axis[0].fx - object[0].x0*graph[0].axis[0].dfx/(object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  bxj  =  -object[0].y0*graph[0].axis[1].dfx/(object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  byi  =  -object[0].x0*graph[0].axis[0].dfy/(object[0].x1 - object[0].x0);
+  byj  =  graph[0].axis[1].fy - object[0].y0*graph[0].axis[1].dfy/(object[0].y1 - object[0].y0);
+  
+  bx = bxi + bxj;
+  by = byi + byj;
+  
+  /*
+    window boundary so we can clip objects
+  X0 = graph[0].axis[0].fx;
+  X1 = graph[0].axis[0].fx + graph[0].axis[0].dfx;
+  Y0 = graph[0].axis[1].fy;
+  Y1 = graph[0].axis[1].fy + graph[0].axis[1].dfy;
+  */
+
+  x = object[0].x; y = object[0].y;
+
+  // ptype must > 2
+  // Npts % ptype must be 0
+  // who must validate that?
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (xpts, double, object[0].ptype);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ypts, double, object[0].ptype);
+
+  int scaleColor = (object[0].color < 0);
+  unsigned char *pixel1, *pixel2, *pixel3;
+  float *z = object[0].z;
+
+  if (scaleColor) {
+    // scaled colors use the colormap defined for the graphic
+    ALLOCATE (pixel1, unsigned char, graphic[0].Npixels);
+    ALLOCATE (pixel2, unsigned char, graphic[0].Npixels);
+    ALLOCATE (pixel3, unsigned char, graphic[0].Npixels);
+
+    /** cmap[i].pixel must be defined even if X is not used **/
+    for (int i = 0; i < graphic[0].Npixels; i++) { /* set up pixel array */
+      pixel1[i] = graphic[0].cmap[i].red >> 8;
+      pixel2[i] = graphic[0].cmap[i].green >> 8;
+      pixel3[i] = graphic[0].cmap[i].blue >> 8;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  // each polygon is made of (N = ptype) points
+  // we connect each point and the last one back
+  for (int i = 0; i < object[0].Npts; i += object[0].ptype) {
+    // first check for any invalid values for this polygon
+    int skipObject = FALSE;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < object[0].ptype) && !skipObject; j++) {
+      int k = i + j;
+      if (!(finite(x[k]) && finite(y[k]))) skipObject = TRUE;
+    }
+    if (skipObject) continue;
+
+    for (int j = 0; (j < object[0].ptype); j++) {
+      int k = i + j;
+      sx0 = x[k]*mxi + y[k]*mxj + bx;
+      sy0 = x[k]*myi + y[k]*myj + by;
+
+      xpts[j] = sx0;
+      ypts[j] = sy0;
+    }
+    
+    if (scaleColor) {
+      if (!finite(z[i])) continue;
+      int pixel = MIN (graphic->Npixels - 2, MAX (0, z[i]*(graphic->Npixels - 1)));
+      buffer->bColor_R = pixel1[pixel];
+      buffer->bColor_G = pixel2[pixel];
+      buffer->bColor_B = pixel3[pixel];
+    }
+    bDrawPolyFill (buffer, xpts, ypts, object[0].ptype);
+  }
+  free (xpts);
+  free (ypts);
 }
 
@@ -886,8 +1043,8 @@
     // for open circles, only go to the outer radius
     D = 0;
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  7) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  1) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  5) { D = scaleSize ? 0.66*dz*z[i] : 0.66*ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype == 15) { D = scaleSize ? 0.66*dz*z[i] : 0.66*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_CIRCLE_OPEN  	) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_BOX_OPEN     	) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN	) { D = scaleSize ? 0.66*dz*z[i] : 0.66*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN_DOWN) { D = scaleSize ? 0.66*dz*z[i] : 0.66*ds; }
     if (!(finite(x[i]) && finite(y[i]) && finite(dxp[i]))) goto skip_dxp;
     if (D > fabs(dxp[i]*mxi)) goto skip_dxp;
@@ -969,8 +1126,8 @@
     // for open circles, only go to the outer radius
     D = 0;
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  7) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  1) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  5) { D = scaleSize ? 1.15*dz*z[i] : 1.15*ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype == 15) { D = scaleSize ? 0.58*dz*z[i] : 0.58*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_CIRCLE_OPEN  	) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_BOX_OPEN     	) { D = scaleSize ? dz*z[i] : ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN	) { D = scaleSize ? 1.15*dz*z[i] : 1.15*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN_DOWN) { D = scaleSize ? 0.58*dz*z[i] : 0.58*ds; }
     if (!(finite(x[i]) && finite(y[i]) && finite(dyp[i]))) goto skip_dyp;
     if (D > fabs(dyp[i]*myj)) goto skip_dyp;
@@ -993,6 +1150,6 @@
   skip_dyp:
     if (!(finite(x[i]) && finite(y[i]) && finite(dym[i]))) continue;
-    if (object[0].ptype ==  5) { D = scaleSize ? 0.58*dz*z[i] : 0.58*ds; }
-    if (object[0].ptype == 15) { D = scaleSize ? 1.15*dz*z[i] : 1.15*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN	) { D = scaleSize ? 0.58*dz*z[i] : 0.58*ds; }
+    if (object[0].ptype == KAPA_POINT_TRIANGLE_OPEN_DOWN) { D = scaleSize ? 1.15*dz*z[i] : 1.15*ds; }
     if (D > fabs(dym[i]*myj)) continue;
     sx0 = x[i]*mxi + y[i]*mxj + bx;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawOverlay.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawOverlay.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/bDrawOverlay.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -24,8 +24,13 @@
   }
 
-  Xmin = 0;
-  Ymin = 0;
-  Xmax = image[0].picture.dx;
-  Ymax = image[0].picture.dy;
+  // Xmin = 0;
+  // Ymin = 0;
+  // Xmax = image[0].picture.dx;
+  // Ymax = image[0].picture.dy;
+
+  Xmin = image[0].picture.x;
+  Ymin = image[0].picture.y;
+  Xmax = image[0].picture.x + image[0].picture.dx; // maybe this should be just dx?
+  Ymax = image[0].picture.y + image[0].picture.dy;
 
   if (N == INFRONT) {
@@ -35,5 +40,7 @@
 
   for (i = 0; i < image[0].overlay[N].Nobjects; i++) {
-    Image_to_Picture (&X, &Y, image[0].overlay[N].objects[i].x, image[0].overlay[N].objects[i].y, &image[0].picture);
+    // XXX the 0.5,0.5 offset is apparently needed here.
+    // work on rationalizing these functions in the context of their different plotting types
+    Image_to_Screen (&X, &Y, image[0].overlay[N].objects[i].x - 0.5, image[0].overlay[N].objects[i].y - 0.5, &image[0].picture);
     dX = image[0].overlay[N].objects[i].dx * expand;
     dY = image[0].overlay[N].objects[i].dy * expand;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/kapa.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/kapa.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/kapa2/src/kapa.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -11,4 +11,10 @@
 
   CloseDisplay ();
-  exit (0);
+
+  // free things
+  FreeLayout();
+  FreeGraphic();
+  FREE (NAME_WINDOW);
+
+  MemoryDumpAndExit ();
 }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libdvo/src/dvosorts.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libdvo/src/dvosorts.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libdvo/src/dvosorts.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -76,5 +76,6 @@
 }
 
-/* sort a coordinate pair (X,Y) and the associated index (S) */
+/* sort the index of a coordinate pair (X,Y) on X (vector pair stays unsorted) */
+// XXX isn't this function equivalent to dsort_indexonly?
 void sort_coords_indexonly (double *X, double *Y, off_t *S, off_t N) {
   OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(Y);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/include/kapa.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/include/kapa.h	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/include/kapa.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -45,5 +45,7 @@
   KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTLINE =  4,
   KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTFILL =  5,
-  KAPA_PLOT_INVALID_MAX  =  6,
+  KAPA_PLOT_POLYGON      =  6,
+  KAPA_PLOT_POLYFILL     =  7,
+  KAPA_PLOT_INVALID_MAX  =  8,
 } KapaPlotStyle;
 
@@ -172,6 +174,8 @@
   int Nx, Ny, Nbyte;
   bDrawColor **pixels;
+  char **mask;
   png_color *palette;
   int Npalette;
+
   // current drawing values:
   int bWeight;
@@ -256,4 +260,8 @@
 int KapaGetImageData (int fd, KapaImageData *graphmode);
 int KapaSetToolbox (int fd, int location);
+int KapaSetSmoothSigma (int fd, float sigma);
+int KapaMemoryDump (int fd);
+int KapaMemoryDumpLines (int fd, int Nlines);
+int KapaMemoryDumpOnExit (int fd, int state);
 
 /* KapaColors */
@@ -272,4 +280,5 @@
 /* RotFont.c */
 void InitRotFonts PROTO((void));
+void FreeRotFonts PROTO((void));
 int SetRotFont PROTO((char *name, int size));
 char *GetRotFont PROTO((int *size));
@@ -292,4 +301,5 @@
 bDrawBuffer *bDrawBufferCreate (int Nx, int Ny, int Nbyte, png_color *palette, int Npalette);
 void bDrawBufferFree (bDrawBuffer *buffer);
+int bDrawMerge (bDrawBuffer *base, bDrawBuffer *layer);
 void bDrawSetBuffer (bDrawBuffer *buffer);
 void bDrawSetColor (bDrawBuffer *buffer, bDrawColor color);
@@ -312,4 +322,7 @@
 void bDrawTriOpen  (bDrawBuffer *buffer, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double x3, double y3);
 void bDrawTriFill  (bDrawBuffer *buffer, double x1, double y1, double dx, double dy);
+void bDrawPolyFill (bDrawBuffer *buffer, double *x, double *y, int Npoints);
+
+void bDrawSmooth (bDrawBuffer *buffer, float sigma);
 
 /* bDrawRotFont.c */
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/KapaStyles.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/KapaStyles.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/KapaStyles.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -54,4 +54,7 @@
   if (!strcasecmp (string,  "outline")) return KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTLINE;
   if (!strcasecmp (string,  "outfill")) return KAPA_PLOT_BARS_OUTFILL;
+
+  if (!strcasecmp (string,  "polygon"))   return KAPA_PLOT_POLYGON;
+  if (!strcasecmp (string,  "polyfill"))  return KAPA_PLOT_POLYFILL;
 
   if (strlen(string) > 2) {
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/KapaWindow.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/KapaWindow.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/KapaWindow.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -455,2 +455,33 @@
 }
 
+int KapaSetSmoothSigma (int fd, float sigma) {
+
+  KiiSendCommand (fd, 4, "SIGM");
+  KiiSendMessage (fd, "%4.1f ", sigma);
+  KiiWaitAnswer (fd, "DONE");
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+int KapaMemoryDump (int fd) {
+
+  KiiSendCommand (fd, 4, "MEMD");
+  KiiWaitAnswer (fd, "DONE");
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+int KapaMemoryDumpLines (int fd, int Nlines) {
+
+  KiiSendCommand (fd, 4, "MEML");
+  KiiSendMessage (fd, "%d ", Nlines);
+  KiiWaitAnswer (fd, "DONE");
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+int KapaMemoryDumpOnExit (int fd, int state) {
+
+  KiiSendCommand (fd, 4, "MEMX");
+  KiiSendMessage (fd, "%d ", state);
+  KiiWaitAnswer (fd, "DONE");
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/RotFont.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/RotFont.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/RotFont.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -32,4 +32,10 @@
   strncpy (currentname, RotFonts[DEFFONT].name, 63); currentname[63] = 0;
   currentsize = RotFonts[DEFFONT].size;
+}
+
+void FreeRotFonts (void) {
+  free (RotFonts);
+  RotFonts = FALSE;
+  RotFontInited = FALSE;
 }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/bDrawFuncs.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/bDrawFuncs.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libkapa/src/bDrawFuncs.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -1,14 +1,34 @@
 # include <kapa_internal.h>
 
-// move these to the bDrawBuffer type
-// static int bWeight;
-// static int bType;
-// static bDrawColor bColor;
-// static bDrawColor bColor_R;
-// static bDrawColor bColor_G;
-// static bDrawColor bColor_B;
-// static bDrawBuffer *bBuffer;
+// buffer->pixels carries the plot image
+// buffer->mask is 0 if the pixel is untouched, 1 if the pixel has data
 
 void bDrawCircleSingle (bDrawBuffer *buffer, double xc, double yc, double radius);
+
+int bDrawMerge (bDrawBuffer *base, bDrawBuffer *layer) {
+
+  // the two bDrawBuffers must match in size and depth
+
+  if (base->Nx != layer->Nx) return FALSE;
+  if (base->Ny != layer->Ny) return FALSE;
+  if (base->Nbyte != layer->Nbyte) return FALSE;
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < base->Ny; j++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < base->Nx; i++) {
+
+      if (!layer->mask[j][i]) continue;
+      
+      // completely opaque top layer:
+      if (base->Nbyte == 1) {
+	base->pixels[j][i] = layer->pixels[j][i];
+      } else {
+	base->pixels[j][3*i+0] = layer->pixels[j][3*i+0];
+	base->pixels[j][3*i+1] = layer->pixels[j][3*i+1];
+	base->pixels[j][3*i+2] = layer->pixels[j][3*i+2];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return TRUE;
+}
 
 // create a drawing buffer with either 1 or 3 byte colors
@@ -35,6 +55,8 @@
 
   ALLOCATE (buffer[0].pixels, bDrawColor *, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE (buffer[0].mask, char *, Ny);
   for (i = 0; i < Ny; i++) {
     ALLOCATE (buffer[0].pixels[i], bDrawColor, Nbyte*Nx);
+    ALLOCATE (buffer[0].mask[i], char, Nx);
     for (j = 0; j < Nx; j++) {
       if (Nbyte == 1) {
@@ -45,4 +67,5 @@
 	buffer[0].pixels[i][3*j+2] = white_B;
       }
+      buffer[0].mask[i][j] = 0; // for now: 0 = no data, 1 = data
     }
   }
@@ -63,7 +86,9 @@
   for (i = 0; i < buffer[0].Ny; i++) {
     free (buffer[0].pixels[i]);
+    free (buffer[0].mask[i]);
   }
   free (buffer[0].pixels);
-  free (buffer[0].palette);
+  free (buffer[0].mask);
+  // free (buffer[0].palette);
   free (buffer);
   return;
@@ -121,11 +146,9 @@
     buffer[0].pixels[y][x] = buffer->bColor;
   } else {
-    // buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+0] = buffer->bColor_R;
-    // buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+1] = buffer->bColor_G;
-    // buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+2] = buffer->bColor_B;
-    buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+0] = MAX (0x00, MIN(0xff, beta * buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+0] + alpha * buffer->bColor_R));
+    buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+0] = MAX (0x00, MIN(0xff, beta * buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+0] + alpha * buffer->bColor_R)); // was just buffer->bColor_R, etc
     buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+1] = MAX (0x00, MIN(0xff, beta * buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+1] + alpha * buffer->bColor_G));
     buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+2] = MAX (0x00, MIN(0xff, beta * buffer[0].pixels[y][3*x+2] + alpha * buffer->bColor_B));
   }
+  buffer[0].mask[y][x] = 1;
   return;
 }
@@ -150,37 +173,51 @@
 void bDrawRectOpen (bDrawBuffer *buffer, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) {
 
-  int X1, Y1, X2, Y2;
-
   if (x1 > x2) SWAP (x1, x2);
   if (y1 > y2) SWAP (y1, y2);
 
+  int X1 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (x1), 0), buffer[0].Nx - 1);
+  int X2 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (x2), 1), buffer[0].Nx - 1);
+
+  int Y1 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (y1), 0), buffer[0].Ny - 1);
+  int Y2 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (y2), 1), buffer[0].Ny - 1);
+
+  int dNs = -0.5*(buffer->bWeight - 1); 
+  /* 0, 0, 0, -1, -1, -2, -2 */
+
+  int dNe = +0.5*buffer->bWeight + 1; 
+  /* 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3 */
+
+  for (int dN = dNs; dN < dNe; dN ++) {
+    // line on the bottom needs to run longer for the negative dN values
+    bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, X1 + dN, X2 + 1 - dN, Y1 + dN);
+
+    // line on the top needs to run longer for the positive dN values
+    bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, X1 + dN, X2 + 1 - dN, Y2 - dN);
+
+    // line on the left needs to run longer for the negative dN values
+    bDrawLineVertical   (buffer, X1 + dN, Y1 + dN, Y2 - dN);
+
+    // line on the right needs to run longer for the positive dN values
+    bDrawLineVertical   (buffer, X2 - dN, Y1 + dN, Y2 - dN);
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+void bDrawRectFill (bDrawBuffer *buffer, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) {
+
+  int i;
+  int X1, Y1, X2, Y2;
+
+  if (x1 > x2) SWAP (x1, x2);
+  if (y1 > y2) SWAP (y1, y2);
+
   X1 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (x1), 0), buffer[0].Nx - 1);
   X2 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (x2), 1), buffer[0].Nx - 1);
 
   Y1 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (y1), 0), buffer[0].Ny - 1);
-  Y2 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (y2), 1), buffer[0].Ny - 1);
-
-  bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, X1, X2 + 1, Y1);
-  bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, X1, X2 + 1, Y2);
-  bDrawLineVertical   (buffer, X1, Y1, Y2);
-  bDrawLineVertical   (buffer, X2, Y1, Y2);
-  return;
-}
-
-void bDrawRectFill (bDrawBuffer *buffer, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) {
-
-  int i;
-  int X1, Y1, X2, Y2;
-
-  if (x1 > x2) SWAP (x1, x2);
-  if (y1 > y2) SWAP (y1, y2);
-
-  X1 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (x1), 0), buffer[0].Nx - 1);
-  X2 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (x2), 1), buffer[0].Nx - 1);
-
-  Y1 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (y1), 0), buffer[0].Ny - 1);
   Y2 = MIN (MAX (ROUND (y2), 0), buffer[0].Ny - 1);
 
   for (i = Y1; i < Y2; i++) {
+    // this should be a line of width 1 or we duplicate pixels
     bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, X1, X2, i);
   } 
@@ -235,4 +272,5 @@
 // use the Bresenham line drawing technique
 // integer-only Bresenham line-draw version which is fast
+// bresenham assumes x1 < x2 and (y2 - y1) < (x2 - x1)
 void bDrawLineBresen (bDrawBuffer *buffer, int X1, int Y1, int X2, int Y2, int swapcoords) {
 
@@ -299,8 +337,6 @@
       buffer[0].pixels[Y][3*i+1] = MAX (0x00, MIN(0xff, beta * buffer[0].pixels[Y][3*i+1] + alpha * buffer->bColor_G));
       buffer[0].pixels[Y][3*i+2] = MAX (0x00, MIN(0xff, beta * buffer[0].pixels[Y][3*i+2] + alpha * buffer->bColor_B));
-      // buffer[0].pixels[Y][3*i+0] = buffer->bColor_R;
-      // buffer[0].pixels[Y][3*i+1] = buffer->bColor_G;
-      // buffer[0].pixels[Y][3*i+2] = buffer->bColor_B;
-    }
+    }
+    buffer[0].mask[Y][i] = 1;
   }
   return;
@@ -326,8 +362,6 @@
       buffer[0].pixels[i][3*X+1] = MAX (0x00, MIN(0xff, beta * buffer[0].pixels[i][3*X+1] + alpha * buffer->bColor_G));
       buffer[0].pixels[i][3*X+2] = MAX (0x00, MIN(0xff, beta * buffer[0].pixels[i][3*X+2] + alpha * buffer->bColor_B));
-      // buffer[0].pixels[i][3*X+0] = buffer->bColor_R;
-      // buffer[0].pixels[i][3*X+1] = buffer->bColor_G;
-      // buffer[0].pixels[i][3*X+2] = buffer->bColor_B;
-    }
+    }
+    buffer[0].mask[i][X] = 1;
   }
   return;
@@ -384,4 +418,148 @@
  
   return;
+}
+
+# define BOT_LEFT 0
+# define BOT_RGHT 1
+# define TOP_LEFT 2
+# define TOP_RGHT 3
+
+// I should probably look up an appropriate recipe for this 
+// source code for XDrawPolyFill?
+
+int GetNextSeqNumber (int seq, int Npoint, int Clockwise, int LeftSide);
+int bDrawFillBetweenSegments (bDrawBuffer *buffer, int *x, int *y, int ystart);
+
+void bDrawPolyFill (bDrawBuffer *buffer, double *x, double *y, int Npoints) {
+
+  // The coord list which is passed in (x,y) must be in order around the contour
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npoints; i++) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "%d : %f,%f\n", i, x[i], y[i]);
+  }
+
+  // First, find the lowest point and start at that sequence number
+  int iMin = 0;
+  double yMin = y[iMin];
+  for (int i = 1; i < Npoints; i++) {
+    if (y[i] < yMin) { iMin = i; yMin = y[iMin]; }
+  }
+
+  // we generate two line segments and will fill between them
+  int xval[4];
+  int yval[4];
+
+  // the starting point is a vertex
+  xval[BOT_LEFT] = x[iMin];  yval[BOT_LEFT] = y[iMin];
+  xval[BOT_RGHT] = x[iMin];  yval[BOT_RGHT] = y[iMin];
+
+  // get iNext, iPrev assuming ClockWise, then test
+  int isCW = TRUE;
+  int iNextLeft = GetNextSeqNumber (iMin, Npoints, isCW, TRUE); // TRUE => left-side
+  int iNextRght = GetNextSeqNumber (iMin, Npoints, isCW, FALSE); 
+
+  // if this is true, the points are not clockwise
+  if (x[iNextLeft] > x[iNextRght]) {
+    isCW = FALSE;
+    int tmp = iNextLeft;
+    iNextLeft = iNextRght;
+    iNextRght = tmp;
+  }
+
+  int iTL = iNextLeft; // sequence number of the top,left point
+  int iTR = iNextRght; // sequence number of the top,right point
+  xval[TOP_LEFT] = x[iTL]; yval[TOP_LEFT] = y[iTL];
+  xval[TOP_RGHT] = x[iTR]; yval[TOP_RGHT] = y[iTR];
+
+  // we need to track the starting row, start at the bottom
+  int ystart = yval[BOT_LEFT];
+
+  while (TRUE) {
+    int isLeft = bDrawFillBetweenSegments (buffer, xval, yval, ystart);
+
+    // the last pair of segments in the sequence end at the same top point:
+    if (iTL == iTR) break;
+
+    // after one pass, if isLeft is true, then cycle the points on the left
+    // segment, otherwise cycle the right segment:
+
+    if (isLeft) {
+      iTL = GetNextSeqNumber (iTL, Npoints, isCW, TRUE);
+      xval[BOT_LEFT] = xval[TOP_LEFT]; yval[BOT_LEFT] = yval[TOP_LEFT];
+      xval[TOP_LEFT] = x[iTL];         yval[TOP_LEFT] = y[iTL];
+      ystart = yval[BOT_LEFT];
+    } else {
+      iTR = GetNextSeqNumber (iTR, Npoints, isCW, FALSE);
+      xval[BOT_RGHT] = xval[TOP_RGHT]; yval[BOT_RGHT] = yval[TOP_RGHT];
+      xval[TOP_RGHT] = x[iTR];         yval[TOP_RGHT] = y[iTR];
+      ystart = yval[BOT_RGHT];
+    }
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+// we have two line segments defined by x[],y[].  
+
+// [0],[1] is the left-side segment
+// [2],[3] is the right-side segment
+
+// Fill the region between the two segments until 
+// the lower of the two y coordinates y[1], y[3]
+
+// return which of y[1] or y[3] was the ending row
+
+int bDrawFillBetweenSegments (bDrawBuffer *buffer, int *x, int *y, int ystart) {
+
+  int dY_L = y[TOP_LEFT] - y[BOT_LEFT];
+  int dX_L = x[TOP_LEFT] - x[BOT_LEFT];
+
+  int dY_R = y[TOP_RGHT] - y[BOT_RGHT];
+  int dX_R = x[TOP_RGHT] - x[BOT_RGHT];
+    
+  double Slope_L = (dY_L == 0) ? NAN : dX_L / (double) dY_L;
+  double Slope_R = (dY_R == 0) ? NAN : dX_R / (double) dY_R;
+
+  // stop at whichever comes first
+  // XXX not sure if I need to use < or <= here:
+  // with <=, the value of Y after the loop will be one too high.
+  int Y; 
+  for (Y = ystart; (Y < y[TOP_LEFT]) && (Y < y[TOP_RGHT]); Y++) {
+
+    // calculating X_L, X_R based on the slope and current y point
+    int X_L = (dY_L == 0) ? x[BOT_LEFT] : (Y - y[BOT_LEFT]) * Slope_L + x[BOT_LEFT];
+    int X_R = (dY_R == 0) ? x[BOT_RGHT] : (Y - y[BOT_RGHT]) * Slope_R + x[BOT_RGHT];
+      
+    // draw horizontal line from X_L to X_R at Y
+    bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, X_L, X_R, Y);
+  }
+
+  if (Y == y[TOP_LEFT]) {
+    return TRUE; // TRUE is LEFT SIDE
+  } else {
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+}
+
+int GetNextSeqNumber (int seq, int Npoints, int Clockwise, int LeftSide) {
+
+  int iNext;
+
+  if (Clockwise) {
+    if (LeftSide) {
+      // next point is next in sequence
+      iNext = (seq < Npoints - 1) ? seq + 1 : 0;
+    } else {
+      // next point is prev in sequence
+      iNext = (seq > 0) ? seq - 1 : Npoints - 1;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (LeftSide) {
+      // next point is prev in sequence
+      iNext = (seq > 0) ? seq - 1 : Npoints - 1;
+    } else {
+      // next point is next in sequence
+      iNext = (seq < Npoints - 1) ? seq + 1 : 0;
+    }
+  }
+  return iNext;
 }
 
@@ -585,4 +763,5 @@
   if (x == 0) {
     if (decrementY) {
+      // this should must be a line or width 1 or we duplicate pixels
       bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, Xc    , Xc + 1, Yc + y);
       bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, Xc    , Xc + 1, Yc - y);
@@ -590,4 +769,5 @@
 
     // center line 
+    // this should must be a line or width 1 or we duplicate pixels
     bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, Xc - y, Xc + y + 1, Yc    );
     return;
@@ -595,4 +775,5 @@
 
   if (x == y) {
+    // this should must be a line or width 1 or we duplicate pixels
     bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, Xc - x, Xc + x + 1, Yc + y);
     bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, Xc - x, Xc + x + 1, Yc - y);
@@ -602,4 +783,5 @@
   // only draw these two lines if we decrement y
   if (decrementY) {
+    // this must be a line or width 1 or we duplicate pixels
     bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, Xc - x, Xc + x + 1, Yc + y);
     bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, Xc - x, Xc + x + 1, Yc - y);
@@ -607,4 +789,5 @@
 
   // always draw these two lines:
+  // this must be a line or width 1 or we duplicate pixels
   bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, Xc - y, Xc + y + 1, Yc + x);
   bDrawLineHorizontal (buffer, Xc - y, Xc + y + 1, Yc - x);
@@ -648,5 +831,110 @@
 }
 
+// run a smoothing kernel on each channel for anti-aliasing
+// XXX I need to consider the mask as well
+void bDrawSmooth (bDrawBuffer *buffer, float sigma) {
+
+  // generate a temp buffer for storage of the smoothed result
+  int Nx = buffer[0].Nx;
+  int Ny = buffer[0].Ny;
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (temp, bDrawColor, Nx*Ny);
+
+  //* build a 1D gaussian 
+  int Nsigma = 2;
+  int Ns = (int) (Nsigma*sigma + 0.5);
+  int Ngauss = 2*Ns + 1;
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (gaussnorm, float, Ngauss);
+  float *gauss = &gaussnorm[Ns];
+  for (int i = -Ns; i < Ns + 1; i++) {
+    gauss[i] = exp ((i*i)/(-2*sigma*sigma));
+  }
+
+  // NOTE XXX: need to handle Nbyte = 1 or 3
+  int Nchannel = 3;
+
+  // we need to smooth the 3 channels independently, do this as three passes
+  for (int ch = 0; ch < Nchannel; ch++) {
+
+    // smooth in X direction 
+    for (int j = 0; j < Ny; j++) {
+      bDrawColor *vi = (bDrawColor *) &buffer[0].pixels[j][ch];
+      bDrawColor *vo = &temp[j*Nx];
+      for (int i = 0; i < Nx; i++, vo++, vi += Nchannel) {
+	float g = 0.0, s = 0.0;
+	for (int n = -Ns; n <= Ns; n++) {
+	  if (i+n < 0) continue;
+	  if (i+n >= Nx) continue;
+	  s += gauss[n]*vi[Nchannel*n];
+	  g += gauss[n];
+	}
+	*vo = s / g;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: output maps back into original image
+    // careful on the counting
+
+    /* smooth in Y direction */
+    for (int i = 0; i < Nx; i++) {
+      bDrawColor *vi = &temp[i];
+      for (int j = 0; j < Ny; j++) {
+	float g = 0.0, s = 0.0;
+	for (int n = -Ns; n <= Ns; n++) {
+	  if (j+n < 0) continue;
+	  if (j+n >= Ny) continue;
+	  s += gauss[n]*vi[(n+j)*Nx]; // vi is a single-index array, so this is stepping by rows
+	  g += gauss[n];
+	}
+	buffer[0].pixels[j][Nchannel*i + ch] = s / g;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // smooth the mask
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (temp_mask, float, Nx*Ny);
+
+  // smooth in X direction 
+  for (int j = 0; j < Ny; j++) {
+    char *vi = (char *) &buffer[0].mask[j][0];
+    float *vo = &temp_mask[j*Nx];
+    for (int i = 0; i < Nx; i++, vo++, vi++) {
+  	float g = 0.0, s = 0.0;
+  	for (int n = -Ns; n <= Ns; n++) {
+  	  if (i+n < 0) continue;
+  	  if (i+n >= Nx) continue;
+  	  s += gauss[n]*vi[n];
+  	  g += gauss[n];
+  	}
+  	*vo = s / g;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: output maps back into original image
+  // careful on the counting
+
+  /* smooth in Y direction */
+  for (int i = 0; i < Nx; i++) {
+    float *vi = &temp_mask[i];
+    for (int j = 0; j < Ny; j++) {
+  	float g = 0.0, s = 0.0;
+  	for (int n = -Ns; n <= Ns; n++) {
+  	  if (j+n < 0) continue;
+  	  if (j+n >= Ny) continue;
+  	  s += gauss[n]*vi[(n+j)*Nx]; // vi is a single-index array, so this is stepping by rows
+  	  g += gauss[n];
+  	}
+  	buffer[0].mask[j][i] = (s / g > 0.05) ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  free (temp);
+  free (temp_mask);
+  free (gaussnorm);
+
+  return;
+}
+
 /* 
+NOTES on Bresenham-style circles:
 the discriminant of inside or outside the circle is:
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/include/ohana_allocate.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/include/ohana_allocate.h	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/include/ohana_allocate.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -44,4 +44,7 @@
 void ohana_memcheck_block_func (const char *myFile, int myLine, const char *myFunc, void *in);
 void  real_free (void *in);
+
+void ohana_memdump_strings_file (FILE *f, int VERBOSE);
+void ohana_memdump_set_maxlines (int N);
 
 # define ohana_memcheck(X) ohana_memcheck_func (__FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, X)
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/include/ohana_sort.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/include/ohana_sort.h	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/include/ohana_sort.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -83,3 +83,6 @@
 void isortfour (int *X, int *Y, int *Z, int *W, int N);
 
+void dsort_indexonly (double *X, off_t *S, off_t N);
+void dsort_int_indexonly (double *X, int *S, int N);
+
 #endif
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/src/ohana_allocate.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/src/ohana_allocate.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/src/ohana_allocate.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -45,4 +45,6 @@
 
 static pthread_mutex_t memBlockListMutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+static int NblockMaxDump = 100;
 
 void ohana_meminit () {
@@ -435,5 +437,5 @@
 	fprintf (stderr, "memory corruption\n");
       }
-      if (Nbad < 100) {
+      if (Nbad < NblockMaxDump) {
 	fprintf (stderr, "  file: %s, line: %d, func: %s\n", thisBlock->file, thisBlock->line, thisBlock->func);
       }
@@ -613,5 +615,5 @@
     Nbytes += thisBlock->size;
 
-    if (Ntotal < 100) {
+    if (Ntotal < NblockMaxDump) {
       if (good) {
 	fprintf (f, "  %zd  %zd  %zd  GOOD  %s %d, func: %s\n", Ntotal, thisBlock->size, Nbytes, thisBlock->file, thisBlock->line, thisBlock->func);
@@ -677,2 +679,49 @@
   return memstats;
 }
+
+void ohana_memdump_strings_file (FILE *f, int VERBOSE) {
+
+  if (!lastBlock) {
+    if (VERBOSE) fprintf (f, "no memory allocated\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  OhanaMemblock *thisBlock = lastBlock;
+
+  size_t Ntotal = 0;
+  size_t Nbytes = 0;
+  size_t Nstring = 0;
+
+  fprintf (f, "    entry |    bytes | cumulative : line : string\n");
+
+  while (thisBlock) {
+
+    // pointer to the start of the user memory
+    char *ptr = (char *)(thisBlock + 1);
+
+    Ntotal ++;
+    Nbytes += thisBlock->size;
+
+    int N = strlen(thisBlock->file);
+    if (N > 22) {
+      int found = !strcmp("libohana/src/string.c", &thisBlock->file[N - 21]);
+      if (found) {
+	if (Nstring < NblockMaxDump) {
+	  fprintf (f, " %8zd | %8zd | %10zd : %4d : %s\n", Ntotal, thisBlock->size, Nbytes, thisBlock->line, ptr);
+	}
+	Nstring ++;
+      }
+      thisBlock = thisBlock->prevBlock;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Nstring || VERBOSE) {
+    fprintf (f, "%zd strings allocated\n", Nstring);
+  }
+
+  return;
+}
+
+void ohana_memdump_set_maxlines (int N) {
+  NblockMaxDump = N;
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/src/sorts.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/src/sorts.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/libohana/src/sorts.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -196,2 +196,33 @@
 }
 
+/* sort the index of a vector (vector stays unsorted) */
+void dsort_indexonly (double *X, off_t *S, off_t N) {
+  
+# define SWAPFUNC(A,B){ off_t itmp; \
+  itmp = S[A]; S[A] = S[B]; S[B] = itmp; \
+}
+# define COMPARE(A,B)((!isfinite(X[S[A]]) && isfinite(X[S[B]])) || (X[S[A]] < X[S[B]]))
+
+  OHANA_SORT (N, COMPARE, SWAPFUNC);
+
+# undef SWAPFUNC
+# undef COMPARE
+
+}
+
+/* sort the index of a vector (vector stays unsorted) */
+void dsort_int_indexonly (double *X, int *S, int N) {
+  
+# define SWAPFUNC(A,B){ int itmp; \
+  itmp = S[A]; S[A] = S[B]; S[B] = itmp; \
+}
+# define COMPARE(A,B)((!isfinite(X[S[A]]) && isfinite(X[S[B]])) || (X[S[A]] < X[S[B]]))
+
+  OHANA_SORT (N, COMPARE, SWAPFUNC);
+
+# undef SWAPFUNC
+# undef COMPARE
+
+}
+
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.astro/cdensify.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.astro/cdensify.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.astro/cdensify.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -39,4 +39,11 @@
   }
 
+  int binning = 1;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-binning"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    binning = atoi(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
   int PSFTYPE = IS_DOT;
   if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-psf"))) {
@@ -80,6 +87,9 @@
   Ymax = graphmode.ymax;
   Ymin = graphmode.ymin;
-  dX = (Xmax - Xmin) / (Xpix - 1);
-  dY = (Ymax - Ymin) / (Ypix - 1);
+
+  // (dX, dY) are the pixel scale of the output image (output pixels / input pixels)
+
+  dX = binning * (Xmax - Xmin) / (Xpix - 1);
+  dY = binning * (Ymax - Ymin) / (Ypix - 1);
 
   CHECKVAL(Xmin);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.astro/cdhistogram.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.astro/cdhistogram.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.astro/cdhistogram.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -13,4 +13,11 @@
   int kapa;
   Graphdata graphmode;
+
+  int binning = 1;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-binning"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    binning = atoi(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
 
   range = NULL;
@@ -79,6 +86,9 @@
   Ymax = graphmode.ymax;
   Ymin = graphmode.ymin;
-  dX = (Xmax - Xmin) / (Xpix - 1);
-  dY = (Ymax - Ymin) / (Ypix - 1);
+
+  // (dX, dY) are the pixel scale of the output image (output pixels / input pixels)
+
+  dX = binning * (Xmax - Xmin) / (Xpix - 1);
+  dY = binning * (Ymax - Ymin) / (Ypix - 1);
 
   CHECKVAL(Xmin);
@@ -90,6 +100,6 @@
   CHECKVAL(dY);
 
-  int Nx = (Xmax - Xmin) / dX + 1;
-  int Ny = (Ymax - Ymin) / dY + 1;
+  int Nx = abs((Xmax - Xmin) / dX) + 1;
+  int Ny = abs((Ymax - Ymin) / dY) + 1;
   
   Coords newcoords = graphmode.coords;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.astro/region.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.astro/region.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.astro/region.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 int region (int argc, char **argv) {
   
-  double Ra, Dec, Radius;
+  double Ra, Dec;
   float dx, dy;
   int N, kapa, NoClear, dXpix, dYpix;
@@ -54,4 +54,26 @@
   }
 
+  float XSIZE = NAN;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-xsize"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    XSIZE = atof (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if (XSIZE <= 0) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "ERROR: xsize <= 0\n");
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  float YSIZE = NAN;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-ysize"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    YSIZE = atof (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if (YSIZE <= 0) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "ERROR: xsize <= 0\n");
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+  }
+
   if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-ew"))) {
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
@@ -81,6 +103,11 @@
   }
 
-  if ((argc != 4) && (argc != 5)) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: region Ra Dec Radius [projection] [orientation]\n");
+  int RadiusArg, CtypeArg;
+  if (!isnan(XSIZE) || !isnan(YSIZE)) {
+    RadiusArg = -1;
+    CtypeArg = 3;
+    if ((argc != 3) && (argc != 4)) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: region Ra Dec [projection] [-xsize deg] [-ysize deg]\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   OR: region Ra Dec Radius [projection]\n");
     gprint (GP_ERR, "  [-image] [-ew] [+ew] [-ns] [+ns] [-no-clear] [-angle theta]\n");
     gprint (GP_ERR, " current: %f %f (%f x %f) (%s)\n", 
@@ -90,28 +117,51 @@
 	     &graphmode.coords.ctype[5]);
     return (FALSE);
-  }
-  
+    }
+  } else {
+    RadiusArg = 3;
+    CtypeArg = 4;
+    if ((argc != 4) && (argc != 5)) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: region Ra Dec Radius [projection]\n");
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "   OR: region Ra Dec [projection] [-xsize deg] [-ysize deg]\n");
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "  [-image] [-ew] [+ew] [-ns] [+ns] [-no-clear] [-angle theta]\n");
+      gprint (GP_ERR, " current: %f %f (%f x %f) (%s)\n", 
+	      graphmode.coords.crval1, graphmode.coords.crval2, 
+	      fabs(graphmode.xmax - graphmode.xmin), 
+	      fabs(graphmode.ymax - graphmode.ymin), 
+	      &graphmode.coords.ctype[5]);
+      return (FALSE);
+    }
+  }  
   if (!ohana_str_to_radec (&Ra, &Dec, argv[1], argv[2])) return (FALSE);
-  Radius = atof (argv[3]);
+
+  // region 0 0 sin -- should raise an error (radius = 0 or non-numeric)
+
+  // I want to be able to support the old style call in which both of these were valid:
+  // region 0 0 90 ait
+  // region 0 0 90      <- uses existing, sticky projection type
+  // but I also want to be able to use
+  // region 0 0 ait -xsize 5
+  // region 0 0 ait -ysize 5
+
+  double Radius = NAN;
+  if (RadiusArg >= 0) {
+    Radius = atof (argv[RadiusArg]);
+  }
+
   InitCoords (&graphmode.coords, "DEC--TAN");
-
-  if (argc == 5) {
-    if (!strcasecmp (argv[4], "TAN")) 
-      strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--TAN");
-    if (!strcasecmp (argv[4], "SIN")) 
-      strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--SIN");
-    if (!strcasecmp (argv[4], "ARC")) 
-      strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--ARC");
-    if (!strcasecmp (argv[4], "STG")) 
-      strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--STG");
-    if (!strcasecmp (argv[4], "ZEA"))
-      strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--ZEA");
-    if (!strcasecmp (argv[4], "AIT")) 
-      strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--AIT");
-    if (!strcasecmp (argv[4], "GLS")) 
-      strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--GLS");
-    if (!strcasecmp (argv[4], "PAR")) 
-      strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--PAR");
-  }
+  if (argc == CtypeArg + 1) {
+    if (!strcasecmp (argv[CtypeArg], "TAN")) { strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--TAN"); goto got_ctype; }
+    if (!strcasecmp (argv[CtypeArg], "SIN")) { strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--SIN"); goto got_ctype; }
+    if (!strcasecmp (argv[CtypeArg], "ARC")) { strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--ARC"); goto got_ctype; }
+    if (!strcasecmp (argv[CtypeArg], "STG")) { strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--STG"); goto got_ctype; }
+    if (!strcasecmp (argv[CtypeArg], "ZEA")) { strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--ZEA"); goto got_ctype; }
+    if (!strcasecmp (argv[CtypeArg], "AIT")) { strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--AIT"); goto got_ctype; }
+    if (!strcasecmp (argv[CtypeArg], "GLS")) { strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--GLS"); goto got_ctype; }
+    if (!strcasecmp (argv[CtypeArg], "PAR")) { strcpy (graphmode.coords.ctype, "DEC--PAR"); goto got_ctype; }
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "ERROR: invalid projection type %s\n", argv[CtypeArg]);
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "allowed values: TAN, SIN, ARC, STG, ZEA, AIT, GLS, PAR\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+got_ctype:
   
   graphmode.coords.crval1 = Ra;
@@ -126,5 +176,6 @@
   graphmode.coords.pc2_2 =  cos(Angle*RAD_DEG)*pc2_2;
 
-  /* ask kapa for coordinate limits, to get the right aspect ratio */
+  // ask kapa for coordinate limits, to get the right aspect ratio 
+  // dx, dy are the size of the graph region in pixels
   KapaGetLimits (kapa, &dx, &dy);
   dx = fabs (dx);
@@ -132,15 +183,38 @@
 
   /* define limits for Ra, Dec at center, grid in degrees */
-  if (dy < dx) {
-    graphmode.xmin = -(dx/dy)*Radius;
-    graphmode.ymin = -Radius;
-    graphmode.xmax = (dx/dy)*Radius;
-    graphmode.ymax = Radius;
+  if (RadiusArg >= 0) {
+    // force non-anamorphic projection with Radius set to smaller axis
+    if (dy < dx) {
+      graphmode.xmin = -(dx/dy)*Radius;
+      graphmode.ymin = -Radius;
+      graphmode.xmax = (dx/dy)*Radius;
+      graphmode.ymax = Radius;
+    } else {
+      graphmode.xmin = -Radius;
+      graphmode.ymin = -(dy/dx)*Radius;
+      graphmode.xmax = Radius;
+      graphmode.ymax = (dy/dx)*Radius;
+    } 
   } else {
-    graphmode.xmin = -Radius;
-    graphmode.ymin = -(dy/dx)*Radius;
-    graphmode.xmax = Radius;
-    graphmode.ymax = (dy/dx)*Radius;
-  } 
+    if (isnan(XSIZE)) {
+      graphmode.xmin = -(dx/dy)*YSIZE/2.0;
+      graphmode.ymin = -YSIZE/2.0;
+      graphmode.xmax = (dx/dy)*YSIZE/2.0;
+      graphmode.ymax = YSIZE/2.0;
+    }
+    if (isnan(YSIZE)) {
+      graphmode.xmin = -XSIZE/2.0;
+      graphmode.ymin = -(dy/dx)*XSIZE/2.0;
+      graphmode.xmax = XSIZE/2.0;
+      graphmode.ymax = (dy/dx)*XSIZE/2.0;
+    }
+    // anamorphic projection:
+    if (!isnan(XSIZE) && !isnan(YSIZE)) {
+      graphmode.xmin = -XSIZE/2.0;
+      graphmode.ymin = -YSIZE/2.0;
+      graphmode.xmax =  XSIZE/2.0;
+      graphmode.ymax =  YSIZE/2.0;
+    }
+  }
 
   set_variable ("XMIN", graphmode.xmin);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/init.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/init.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/init.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -73,4 +73,6 @@
   {1, "??",            list_vars,          "list variables *"},
   {1, "#",             nop,                "a NOP function"},
+  {1, "##",            nop,                "a NOP function"},
+  {1, "###",           nop,                "a NOP function"},
   {1, "local",         local,              "define local variables"},
   {1, "macro",         macro,              "deal with the macros *"}, 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/memory.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/memory.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/memory.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -5,4 +5,11 @@
   
   if (argc < 2) goto usage;
+
+  if (!strcasecmp (argv[1], "max-lines")) {
+    if (argc != 3) goto usage;
+    int MaxLines = atoi(argv[2]);
+    ohana_memdump_set_maxlines (MaxLines);
+    return TRUE;
+  }
 
   if (!strcasecmp (argv[1], "all")) {
@@ -43,6 +50,13 @@
   }
 
+  if (!strncasecmp ("strings", argv[1], strlen(argv[1]))) {
+    ohana_memdump_strings_file (stderr, FALSE);
+    return (TRUE);
+  }
+
 usage:
-  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: memory (all/leaks)\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: memory (mode) [-max-lines]\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: memory (max-lines) (N)\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, " mode options: all, leaks, check, checkfree, variables, vectors, buffers, macros, commands, strings\n");
   return (FALSE);
 }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/test/if.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/test/if.sh	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/test/if.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -320,2 +320,82 @@
  end
 end
+
+# check memleaks
+macro memtest1
+
+ local a b i N
+
+ $i = 0
+ $a = 1
+
+ memory check
+ output /dev/null 
+ for i 0 1000
+   if ($a == 1)
+    echo "run"    
+   end
+ end    
+ output stdout
+ memory check
+end
+
+# check memleaks
+macro memtest2
+
+ local a b i N
+
+ $i = 0
+ $a = 1
+ $b = 2
+
+ memory check
+ output /dev/null
+ for i 0 1000
+   if (($a == 1) && ($b == 2))
+    echo "run"    
+   end
+ end    
+ output stdout
+ memory check
+end
+
+# memory test using continue
+macro memtest3
+
+ local a b i N
+
+ $i = 0
+ $a = 1
+ $b = 2
+
+ memory check
+ output /dev/null
+ for i 0 1000
+   if (($a == 1) && ($b == 2))
+    continue
+    echo "run"    
+   end
+ end    
+ output stdout
+ memory check
+end
+
+# memory test using continue
+macro memtest4
+
+ local a b i N bool
+
+
+ $i = 0
+ $a = 1
+ $b = 2
+ $bool = 0
+
+ memory check
+ output /dev/null
+ for i 0 1000
+   $bool = (($a == 1) && ($b == 2))
+ end    
+ output stdout
+ memory check
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/test/macro.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/test/macro.sh	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.basic/test/macro.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -7,4 +7,13 @@
 # Is the macro working?
 macro test_prep
+ $test_var1 = check1
+ $test_var2 = check2
+ $var_count = $0
+end
+
+# Is the macro working?
+macro test_local
+ local test_var test_var2 var_count
+
  $test_var1 = check1
  $test_var2 = check2
@@ -47,2 +56,30 @@
  end
 end
+
+# Memory Test for macro
+macro memtest2
+
+ $i = 0
+ test_prep
+
+ memory check
+ for i 0 10000
+  test_prep
+ end    
+ memory check
+  
+end
+
+# Memory Test for macro
+macro memtest3
+
+ $i = 0
+ test_local
+
+ memory check
+ for i 0 10000
+  test_local
+ end    
+ memory check
+  
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/Makefile
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/Makefile	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/Makefile	(revision 41170)
@@ -19,4 +19,5 @@
 $(SRC)/init.$(ARCH).o          \
 $(SRC)/accum.$(ARCH).o		\
+$(SRC)/antialias.$(ARCH).o		\
 $(SRC)/applyfit1d.$(ARCH).o	\
 $(SRC)/applyfit2d.$(ARCH).o	\
@@ -78,4 +79,5 @@
 $(SRC)/join.$(ARCH).o		\
 $(SRC)/jpeg.$(ARCH).o		\
+$(SRC)/kapamemory.$(ARCH).o		\
 $(SRC)/kern.$(ARCH).o		\
 $(SRC)/keyword.$(ARCH).o	\
@@ -89,8 +91,10 @@
 $(SRC)/lookup.$(ARCH).o	\
 $(SRC)/matrix.$(ARCH).o	\
+$(SRC)/match1d.$(ARCH).o	\
 $(SRC)/match2d.$(ARCH).o	\
 $(SRC)/mkrgb.$(ARCH).o	\
 $(SRC)/mcreate.$(ARCH).o	\
 $(SRC)/medacc.$(ARCH).o	\
+$(SRC)/mgaussdev.$(ARCH).o	\
 $(SRC)/mget.$(ARCH).o		\
 $(SRC)/mget3d.$(ARCH).o		\
@@ -99,4 +103,5 @@
 $(SRC)/medimage.$(ARCH).o	\
 $(SRC)/medimage_commands.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/medimage_calc.$(ARCH).o \
 $(SRC)/mset.$(ARCH).o		\
 $(SRC)/needles.$(ARCH).o	\
@@ -169,4 +174,5 @@
 $(SRC)/vgauss.$(ARCH).o            \
 $(SRC)/vlorentz.$(ARCH).o          \
+$(SRC)/vsigmoid.$(ARCH).o          \
 $(SRC)/vellipse.$(ARCH).o          \
 $(SRC)/vmaxwell.$(ARCH).o          \
@@ -176,4 +182,5 @@
 $(SRC)/vzload.$(ARCH).o		   \
 $(SRC)/vpeaks.$(ARCH).o		   \
+$(SRC)/vtransitions.$(ARCH).o     \
 $(SRC)/vpop.$(ARCH).o		   \
 $(SRC)/vroll.$(ARCH).o		   \
@@ -182,4 +189,6 @@
 $(SRC)/vsmooth.$(ARCH).o	   \
 $(SRC)/vstats.$(ARCH).o		   \
+$(SRC)/virls.$(ARCH).o		   \
+$(SRC)/vwtmean.$(ARCH).o \
 $(SRC)/xsection.$(ARCH).o          \
 $(SRC)/vsh.$(ARCH).o	           \
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/antialias.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/antialias.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/antialias.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+int antialias (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  int N, kapa;
+  Graphdata graphmode;
+
+  char *name = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-n"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    name = strcreate (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if (!GetGraph (&graphmode, &kapa, name)) return (FALSE);
+  FREE (name);
+
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: antialias (sigma)\n");
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+
+  float sigma = atof (argv[1]);
+
+  KapaSetSmoothSigma (kapa, sigma);
+  return (TRUE);
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/cut.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/cut.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/cut.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -1,10 +1,71 @@
 # include "data.h"
 
-enum {SUM, MEAN, MEDIAN};
+enum {SUM, MEAN, MEDIAN, INNER, NGOOD};
+
+double cutstat (float *value, int Nvalue, int mode) {
+
+  double output = 0.0;
+
+  if (Nvalue == 0) return NAN;
+
+  if (mode == MEDIAN) {
+    fsort (value, Nvalue);
+    if (Nvalue % 2) {
+      int Ncenter = Nvalue / 2;
+      myAssert ((Ncenter >= 0) && (Ncenter < Nvalue), "cutstat");
+      output = value[Ncenter];
+    } else {
+      int Ncenter = Nvalue / 2 - 1;
+      myAssert ((Ncenter >= 0) && (Ncenter < Nvalue - 1), "cutstat");
+      output = 0.5*(value[Ncenter] + value[Ncenter + 1]);
+    }
+    return output;
+  } 
+  if (mode == INNER) {
+    fsort (value, Nvalue);
+
+    int Ns = 0, Ne = 0;
+    if (Nvalue % 2) {
+      // for an odd number of points take the same number below
+      // and above the center value
+      int Ncenter = Nvalue / 2;
+      int Nquarter = 0.25*Nvalue;
+      Ns = Ncenter - Nquarter;
+      Ne = Ncenter + Nquarter;
+    } else {
+      // for an even number, the middle lies between two points
+      // take the same number below as above
+      int Ncenter = (int)(Nvalue / 2) - 1;
+      int Nquarter = 0.25*Nvalue;
+      Ns = Ncenter     - Nquarter;
+      Ne = Ncenter + 1 + Nquarter;
+    }
+    int Nv = 0;
+    for (int i = Ns; i <= Ne; i++) {
+      myAssert ((i >= 0) && (i < Nvalue), "cutstat");
+      output += value[i];
+      Nv ++;
+    }
+    output /= Nv;
+    return output;
+  }
+  if (mode == NGOOD) {
+    return Nvalue;
+  }
+  if ((mode == MEAN) || (mode == SUM)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < Nvalue; i++) {
+      myAssert ((i >= 0) && (i < Nvalue), "cutstat");
+      output += value[i];
+    }
+    if (mode == MEAN) { output /= Nvalue; }
+    return output;
+  }
+  return NAN;
+}
 
 int cut (int argc, char **argv) {
   
   int i, j, N, Nx, Ny, Mode;
-  float *Vin, *Vbuf, value;
+  float *Vin, *Vbuf;
   int sx, sy, nx, ny;
   Vector *xvec, *yvec;
@@ -12,4 +73,8 @@
 
   Mode = SUM;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-sum"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Mode = SUM;
+  }
   if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-median"))) {
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
@@ -19,4 +84,12 @@
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
     Mode = MEAN;
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-inner"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Mode = INNER;
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-ngood"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Mode = NGOOD;
   }
 
@@ -36,6 +109,7 @@
   Ny = buf[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
 
-  if ((sx < 0) || (sy < 0) || (sx+nx > Nx) || (sy+ny > Ny)) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "region out of range\n");
+  // ny & nx do not need to be constrained by the buffer, but they do need to be sensible
+  if ((nx < 0) || (ny < 0) || (nx > 1e8) || (ny > 1e8)) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "warning : extraction size is crazy: %d,%d\n", nx, ny);
     return (FALSE);
   }
@@ -57,21 +131,31 @@
 
     for (i = 0; i < nx; i++) {
+      // for out-of-range areas, set the output pixels to NAN
+      if (i + sx < 0) {
+	yvec[0].elements.Flt[i] = NAN;
+	continue;
+      }
+      if (i + sx >= Nx) {
+	yvec[0].elements.Flt[i] = NAN;
+	continue;
+      }
+
       /* accumulate values */
+      // skip out-of-range areas in y
+      if (sy < 0) {
+	ny += sy;
+	sy = 0;
+      }
+      if (sy > Ny) sy = Ny;
+      if (sy + ny >= Ny) ny = Ny - sy;
+
       Vin = (float *)(buf[0].matrix.buffer) + sy*Nx + sx + i; 
+      int Npix = 0;
       for (j = 0; j < ny; j++, Vin += Nx) {
-	Vbuf[j] = *Vin;
-      }
-      /* apply stat of choice */
-      if (Mode == MEDIAN) {
-	fsort (Vbuf, ny);
-	value = Vbuf[(int)(0.5*ny)];
-      } else {
-	value = 0;
-	for (j = 0; j < ny; j++) {
-	  value += Vbuf[j];
-	}
-	if (Mode == MEAN) { value /= ny; }
-      }
-      yvec[0].elements.Flt[i] = value;
+	if (!isfinite(*Vin)) continue;
+	Vbuf[Npix] = *Vin;
+	Npix ++;
+      }
+      yvec[0].elements.Flt[i] = cutstat (Vbuf, Npix, Mode);
     }
     free (Vbuf);
@@ -89,21 +173,31 @@
 
     for (i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
+      // for out-of-range areas, set the output pixels to NAN
+      if (i + sy < 0) {
+	yvec[0].elements.Flt[i] = NAN;
+	continue;
+      }
+      if (i + sy >= Ny) {
+	yvec[0].elements.Flt[i] = NAN;
+	continue;
+      }
+
       /* accumulate values */
+      // skip out-of-range areas in x
+      if (sx < 0) {
+	nx += sx;
+	sx = 0;
+      }
+      if (sx > Nx) sx = Nx;
+      if (sx + nx >= Nx) nx = Nx - sx;
+
       Vin = (float *)(buf[0].matrix.buffer) + (sy + i)*Nx + sx; 
+      int Npix = 0;
       for (j = 0; j < nx; j++, Vin ++) {
-	Vbuf[j] = *Vin;
-      }
-      /* apply stat of choice */
-      if (Mode == MEDIAN) {
-	fsort (Vbuf, nx);
-	value = Vbuf[(int)(0.5*nx)];
-      } else {
-	value = 0;
-	for (j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
-	  value += Vbuf[j];
-	}
-	if (Mode == MEAN) { value /= nx; }
-      }
-      yvec[0].elements.Flt[i] = value;
+	if (!isfinite(*Vin)) continue;
+	Vbuf[Npix] = *Vin;
+	Npix ++;
+      }
+      yvec[0].elements.Flt[i] = cutstat (Vbuf, Npix, Mode);
     }
     free (Vbuf);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/extract.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/extract.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/extract.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
 # include "data.h"
+
+/* <from> : source image, must exist
+   <to>   : target image -- if it does not exist, it is created of size (Nx,Ny)
+   sx, sy : source starting coordinate -- need not be on a valid image pixel
+   nx, ny : number of source pixels -- currently must not go out of bounds -> allow out-of-bounds
+   Sx, Sy : target starting coordinate -- need not be on a valid image pixel
+   Nx, Ny : redundant information UNLESS <to> does exist (in which case it is required information) -> make Nx,Ny optional if <to> exists?
+ */
 
 int extract (int argc, char **argv) {
   
-  int i, j;
-  float *Vin, *Vout;
-  int sx, sy, nx, ny, NX, NY;
-  int Sx, Sy, Nx, Ny;
+  int N;
   Buffer *in, *out;
+
+  float initValue = 0.0;
+  int initOutput = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-init"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    initValue = atof (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    initOutput = TRUE;
+  }
 
   if (argc != 11) {
@@ -15,22 +29,24 @@
 
   if ((in = SelectBuffer (argv[1], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-  NX = in[0].matrix.Naxis[0];
-  NY = in[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
+  int NX = in[0].matrix.Naxis[0];
+  int NY = in[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
 
-  sx = atof (argv[3]);
-  sy = atof (argv[4]);
-  nx = atof (argv[5]);
-  ny = atof (argv[6]);
+  int sx = atof (argv[3]);
+  int sy = atof (argv[4]);
+  int nx = atof (argv[5]);
+  int ny = atof (argv[6]);
 
-  Sx = atof (argv[7]);
-  Sy = atof (argv[8]);
-  Nx = atof (argv[9]);
-  Ny = atof (argv[10]);
+  int Sx = atof (argv[7]);
+  int Sy = atof (argv[8]);
+  int Nx = atof (argv[9]);
+  int Ny = atof (argv[10]);
 
   if ((Sy + ny > Ny) || (Sx + nx > Nx)) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "mismatch between source and dest regions\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "source pixels extend beyond target pixels\n");
     gprint (GP_ERR, "%d + %d > %d or %d + %d > %d\n", Sy, ny, Ny, Sx, nx, Nx);
-    return (FALSE);
+    // return (FALSE);
   }
+
+  // XXX : allow source region to fall outside source image
 
   /* region is not on first image */
@@ -39,14 +55,10 @@
       (sy > in[0].matrix.Naxis[1])) {
     gprint (GP_ERR, "region outside of source image\n");
-    return (FALSE);
+    // return (FALSE);
   }
 
-  if ((Sx + nx > Nx) || (Sy + ny > Ny)) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "source region larger than dest region\n");
-    return (FALSE);
-  }
   if ((Sx < 0) || (Sy < 0)) {
     gprint (GP_ERR, "dest region out of range\n");
-    return (FALSE);
+    // return (FALSE);
   }
 
@@ -76,13 +88,61 @@
   }
 
-  for (j = 0; j < ny; j++) {
-    if (j + sy < 0) continue;
-    if (j + sy >= NY) continue;
-    Vin = (float *)(in[0].matrix.buffer) + (j + sy)*in[0].matrix.Naxis[0] + sx;  
-    Vout = (float *)(out[0].matrix.buffer) + (j + Sy)*out[0].matrix.Naxis[0] + Sx;   
-    for (i = 0; i < nx; i++, Vin++, Vout++) {
+  // (NX,NY) : source image dimensions
+  // (Nx,Ny) : target image dimensions
+
+  // allow (sx, sy), (Sx, Sy) to be off image
+  // allow (sx+nx, sy+ny) to be off image
+
+  // if (sx < 0) {
+  //   nx += sx;
+  //   sx = 0;
+  // }
+  // if (sx > NX) sx = NX;
+  // 
+  // if (Sx < 0) {
+  //   Nx += sx;
+  //   sx = 0;
+  // }
+  // if (sx > NX) sx = NX;
+  
+  float *Vin = (float *)(in[0].matrix.buffer);
+  float *Vout = (float *)(out[0].matrix.buffer);
+
+  if (initOutput) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < Ny; j++) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < Nx; i++) {
+	Vout[i + Nx*j] = initValue;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  int Nps = NX*NY;
+  int Npt = Nx*Ny;
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < ny; j++) {
+    if (j + sy < 0) continue; // not yet on source image
+    if (j + Sy < 0) continue; // not yet on target image
+    if (j + sy >= NY) continue; // past edge of source image
+    if (j + Sy >= Ny) continue; // past edge of target image
+
+    // Vin = (float *)(in[0].matrix.buffer) + (j + sy)*in[0].matrix.Naxis[0] + sx;  
+    // Vout = (float *)(out[0].matrix.buffer) + (j + Sy)*out[0].matrix.Naxis[0] + Sx;   
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nx; i++) {
       if (i + sx < 0) continue;
       if (i + sx >= NX) continue;
-      *Vout = *Vin;
+      if (i + Sx < 0) continue;
+      if (i + Sx >= Nx) continue;
+
+      int ps = i + sx + (j + sy)*NX;
+      int pt = i + Sx + (j + Sy)*Nx;
+
+      myAssert (pt >= 0, "oops 1");
+      myAssert (pt < Npt, "oops 2");
+
+      myAssert (ps >= 0, "oops 3");
+      myAssert (ps < Nps, "oops 4");
+
+      Vout[pt] = Vin[ps];
     }
   }
@@ -91,3 +151,2 @@
 
 }
-
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/init.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/init.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/init.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@
 
 int accum            PROTO((int, char **));
+int antialias        PROTO((int, char **));
 int applyfit         PROTO((int, char **));
 int applyfit1d       PROTO((int, char **));
@@ -67,4 +68,5 @@
 int join             PROTO((int, char **));
 int jpeg             PROTO((int, char **));
+int kapamemory       PROTO((int, char **));
 int kern             PROTO((int, char **));
 int keyword          PROTO((int, char **));
@@ -79,8 +81,10 @@
 int lookup           PROTO((int, char **));
 int matrix           PROTO((int, char **));
+int match1d          PROTO((int, char **));
 int match2d          PROTO((int, char **));
 int mkrgb            PROTO((int, char **));
 int mcreate          PROTO((int, char **));
 int medacc           PROTO((int, char **));
+int mgaussdev        PROTO((int, char **));
 int mget             PROTO((int, char **));
 int mget3d           PROTO((int, char **));
@@ -156,4 +160,5 @@
 int vgauss           PROTO((int, char **));
 int vlorentz         PROTO((int, char **));
+int vsigmoid         PROTO((int, char **));
 int vellipse         PROTO((int, char **));
 int vmaxwell         PROTO((int, char **));
@@ -163,7 +168,11 @@
 int vzload           PROTO((int, char **));
 int vstats           PROTO((int, char **));
+int vstats           PROTO((int, char **));
+int virls            PROTO((int, char **));
+int vwtmean          PROTO((int, char **));
 int vroll            PROTO((int, char **));
 int vshift           PROTO((int, char **));
 int vpeaks           PROTO((int, char **));
+int vtransitions     PROTO((int, char **));
 int vpop             PROTO((int, char **));
 int vsmooth          PROTO((int, char **));
@@ -187,4 +196,5 @@
 static Command cmds[] = {  
   {1, "accum",        accum,            "accumulate vector values in another vector"},
+  {1, "antialias",    antialias,        "set anti-alias sigma value for display"},
   {1, "applyfit",     applyfit1d,       "apply 1-d fit to new vector"},
   {1, "applyfit1d",   applyfit1d,       "apply 1-d fit to new vector"},
@@ -255,4 +265,5 @@
   {1, "join",         join,             "find the join of two ID vectors"},
   {1, "jpeg",         jpeg,             "convert display image to JPEG"},
+  {1, "kapamemory",   kapamemory,       "manage kapa memory dump options"},
   {1, "kern",         kern,             "convolve with 3x3 kernel"},
   {1, "keyword",      keyword,          "extract a FITS keyword from image header"},
@@ -265,4 +276,5 @@
   {1, "imcreate",     mcreate,          "create an image"},
   {1, "medacc",       medacc,           "accumulate vector values in another vector"},
+  {1, "mgaussdev",    mgaussdev,        "generate a gaussian deviate image"},
   {1, "mget",         mget,             "extract a vector from an image"},
   {1, "mget3d",       mget3d,           "extract a vector from a 3D image"},
@@ -273,4 +285,5 @@
   {1, "medimage",     medimage_command, "median image manipulation"},
   {1, "matrix",       matrix,           "matrix math operations"},
+  {1, "match1d",      match1d,          "match 2 vectors and return matched indexes"},
   {1, "match2d",      match2d,          "match 2 pairs of X,Y vectors and return matched indexes"},
   {1, "mkrgb",        mkrgb,            "convert 3 images to rgb jpeg (use Kapa for better control)"},
@@ -347,4 +360,5 @@
   {1, "vgauss",       vgauss,           "fit a Gaussian to a vector"},
   {1, "vlorentz",     vlorentz,         "fit a Lorentzian to a vector"},
+  {1, "vsigmoid",     vsigmoid,         "fit a Sigmoid to a vector"},
   {1, "vellipse",     vellipse,         "fit a Ellipse to a vector pair"},
   {1, "vgrid",        vgrid,            "generate an image from a triplet of vectors"},
@@ -354,5 +368,6 @@
   {1, "vload",        vload,            "load vectors as overlay on image display"},
   {1, "vmaxwell",     vmaxwell,         "fit a Maxwellian to a vector"},
-  {1, "vpeaks",       vpeaks,           "fine coord and flux of peaks in vector"},
+  {1, "vpeaks",       vpeaks,           "find coord and flux of peaks in vector"},
+  {1, "vtransitions", vtransitions,     "find points in vector that cross the transition value"},
   {1, "vpop",         vpop,             "remove first element of a vector"},
   {1, "vroll",        vroll,            "roll vector elements by 1 entry"},
@@ -360,4 +375,6 @@
   {1, "vsmooth",      vsmooth,          "Gaussian smooth of a vector"},
   {1, "vstats",       vstats,           "statistics on a vector"},
+  {1, "vwtmean",      vwtmean,          "weighted mean of a vector"},
+  {1, "virls",        virls,            "IRLS mean of a vector"},
   {1, "vzload",       vzload,           "load vectors as overlay on image display (scaled points)"},
   {1, "vsh",          vsh,              "Vector Spherical Harmonics"},
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/interpolate_presort.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/interpolate_presort.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/interpolate_presort.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -7,4 +7,11 @@
   double x0, dx, dy, y0;
   Vector *xout, *yout, *xin, *yin;
+
+  int N;
+  int FillEnds = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-fill-ends"))) {
+    FillEnds = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
 
   /** check basic syntax **/
@@ -36,10 +43,12 @@
   y0 = yin[0].elements.Flt[0];
   
-  /* in and out vectors are sorted */
-  j = 0;
+  // fill in the start with NANs
+  for (i = 0; (i < xout[0].Nelements) && (xout[0].elements.Flt[i] < xin[0].elements.Flt[0]); i++) {
+    yout[0].elements.Flt[i] = FillEnds ? yin[0].elements.Flt[0] : NAN;
+  }
 
   // every output pixel should get a value unless 
   // we are below the lowest in or above the highest in
-  for (i = 0, j = 0; (i < xout[0].Nelements) && (j < xin[0].Nelements - 1); ) {
+  for (j = 0; (i < xout[0].Nelements) && (j < xin[0].Nelements - 1); ) {
 
     yout[0].elements.Flt[i] = NAN;
@@ -66,10 +75,10 @@
 
   // fill in the rest with NANs
+  int NinLast = xin[0].Nelements - 1;
   while (i < yout[0].Nelements) {
-    yout[0].elements.Flt[i] = NAN;
+    yout[0].elements.Flt[i] = FillEnds ? yin[0].elements.Flt[NinLast] : NAN;
     i++;
   }
 
   return (TRUE);
-    
 }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/kapamemory.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/kapamemory.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/kapamemory.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+int kapamemory (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  int N, kapa;
+
+  /* display source */
+  char *name = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-n"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    name = strcreate (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if (!GetImage (NULL, &kapa, name)) return (FALSE);
+  FREE (name);
+
+  if (argc < 2) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: kapamemory (mode)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  mode = dump, nlines, exit\n");
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+
+  if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "dump")) {
+    KapaMemoryDump (kapa);
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+
+  if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "exit")) {
+    if (argc != 3) goto exit_usage;
+    if (!strcasecmp(argv[2], "on")) {
+      KapaMemoryDumpOnExit (kapa, TRUE);
+      return TRUE;
+    }
+    if (!strcasecmp(argv[2], "off")) {
+      KapaMemoryDumpOnExit (kapa, FALSE);
+      return TRUE;
+    }
+  exit_usage:
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: kapamemory exit (status)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  statue = 'on' or 'off'\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if (!strcasecmp(argv[1], "nlines")) {
+    if (argc != 3) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: kapamemory nlines (N)\n");
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    int Nlines = atoi (argv[2]);
+    KapaMemoryDumpLines (kapa, Nlines);
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "ERROR: unknown kapamemory mode %s\n", argv[1]);
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/match1d.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/match1d.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/match1d.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+int find_matches1d (Vector *X1, Vector *X2, double Radius, Vector *index1, Vector *index2, Vector *radiusMatch);
+int find_matches1d_closest (Vector *X1, Vector *X2, double Radius, Vector *index);
+
+// match1d (X1) (X2) (Radius) [-index1 (index1)] [-index2 (index2)] [-nomatch1 nomatch1] [-nomatch2 nomatch2]
+int match1d (int argc, char **argv) {
+  
+  int N, CLOSEST;
+  double Radius;
+  char *endptr;
+  Vector *X1vec, *X2vec;
+  Vector *index1, *index2;
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-h"))) goto usage;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "--help"))) goto usage;
+
+  CLOSEST = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-closest"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    CLOSEST = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-index1"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((index1 = SelectVector (argv[N], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);    
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else {
+    if ((index1 = SelectVector ("index1", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);    
+  }
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-index2"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((index2 = SelectVector (argv[N], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);    
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else {
+    if ((index2 = SelectVector ("index2", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);    
+  }
+
+  Vector *radiusMatch = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-radius"))) {
+    if (CLOSEST) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "error: -radius and -closest are currently incompatible\n");
+      return (FALSE);
+    }
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((radiusMatch = SelectVector (argv[N], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);    
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  if (argc != 4) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: match1d X1 X2 Radius [-index1 (index1)] [-index2 (index2)] [-closest]\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  use -h or --help for more detail\n");
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+
+  /*
+    we have two modes of operation:  
+
+    without -closest, we are finding all matched pairs within the match radius.  in this
+    case, the two index vectors have the same length, one entry per matched pair.
+    x1[index1],y1[index1] matches to x2[index2],y2[index2].
+
+    with -closest selected, we are finding the closest element of set 1 to each of set 2
+    and vice versa.  in this case, index1 is always the same length as x1,y1, while index2
+    is the same lengths as x2,y2.  x2[index1],y2[index1] matches x1,y1 while
+    x1[index2],y1[index2] matches x2,y2
+
+   */
+
+  if ((X1vec = SelectVector (argv[1], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);    
+  if ((X2vec = SelectVector (argv[2], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);    
+
+  REQUIRE_VECTOR_FLT (X1vec, FALSE); 
+  REQUIRE_VECTOR_FLT (X2vec, FALSE); 
+
+  Radius = strtod (argv[3], &endptr);
+  if (*endptr) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "Radius must be numerical (%s)\n", argv[3]);
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+
+  if (CLOSEST) {
+    find_matches1d_closest (X1vec, X2vec, Radius, index1);
+    find_matches1d_closest (X2vec, X1vec, Radius, index2);
+  } else {
+    find_matches1d (X1vec, X2vec, Radius, index1, index2, radiusMatch);
+  }
+  return (TRUE);
+
+usage:
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "we have two modes of operation:\n\n");
+
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "without -closest, we are finding all matched pairs within the match radius.  in this\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "case, the two index vectors have the same length, one entry per matched pair.\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "x1[index1] matches to x2[index2].\n\n");
+
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "with -closest selected, we are finding the closest element of set 1 to each of set 2\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "and vice versa.  in this case, index1 is always the same length as x1, while index2\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "is the same lengths as x2.  x2[index1] matches x1 while\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "x1[index2] matches x2\n\n");
+
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "if -index1 or -index2 is not supplied, the vectors are created with names index1 or index2\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "use 'reindex' to generate new vectors based on these index vectors\n");
+
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "if -radius (vector) is supplied, the vector will be filled with the distance between the matched pairs\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "  not valid with -closest\n");
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+// Radius is a 1-D separation
+int find_matches1d (Vector *X1, Vector *X2, double Radius, Vector *index1, Vector *index2, Vector *radiusMatch) {
+  
+  off_t i, j, first_j, I, J, *N1, *N2, Nmatch, NMATCH, DMATCH;
+  double dX, dR;
+
+  NMATCH = MAX(MAX(0.01*X1->Nelements, 0.01*X2->Nelements), 100);
+  DMATCH = NMATCH;
+
+  ResetVector (index1, OPIHI_INT, NMATCH);
+  ResetVector (index2, OPIHI_INT, NMATCH);
+  if (radiusMatch) ResetVector (radiusMatch, OPIHI_FLT, NMATCH);
+
+  ALLOCATE (N1, off_t, X1->Nelements);
+  ALLOCATE (N2, off_t, X2->Nelements);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < X1->Nelements; i++) { N1[i] = i; }
+  for (i = 0; i < X2->Nelements; i++) { N2[i] = i; }
+
+  dsort_indexonly (X1->elements.Flt, N1, X1->Nelements);
+  dsort_indexonly (X2->elements.Flt, N2, X2->Nelements);
+
+  Nmatch = 0;
+  for (i = j = 0; (i < X1->Nelements) && (j < X2->Nelements);) {
+    I = N1[i];
+    J = N2[j];
+
+    if (!isfinite(X1->elements.Flt[I])) { i++; continue; }
+    if (!isfinite(X2->elements.Flt[J])) { j++; continue; }
+
+    dX = X1->elements.Flt[I] - X2->elements.Flt[J];
+
+    if (dX <= -1.02*Radius) { i++; continue; }
+    if (dX >= +1.02*Radius) { j++; continue; }
+
+    // look for all matches of list2() to list1(i)
+    first_j = j;
+    for (j = first_j; (dX > -1.02*Radius) && (j < X2->Nelements); j++) {
+      J = N2[j];
+      dX = X1->elements.Flt[I] - X2->elements.Flt[J];
+      dR = fabs(dX);
+      if (dR < Radius) {
+	index1->elements.Int[Nmatch] = I;
+	index2->elements.Int[Nmatch] = J;
+	if (radiusMatch) radiusMatch->elements.Flt[Nmatch] = dR;
+
+	// XXX track matches 1 and 2 with internal vector, save new nomatch index vectors
+	// after this loop
+
+	Nmatch ++;
+	if (Nmatch >= NMATCH) {
+	  NMATCH += DMATCH;
+	  REALLOCATE (index1->elements.Int, opihi_int, NMATCH);
+	  REALLOCATE (index2->elements.Int, opihi_int, NMATCH);
+	  if (radiusMatch) { REALLOCATE (radiusMatch->elements.Flt, opihi_flt, NMATCH); }
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    j = first_j;
+    i++;
+  }
+  index1->Nelements = Nmatch;
+  index2->Nelements = Nmatch;
+  if (radiusMatch) radiusMatch->Nelements = Nmatch;
+
+  free (N1);
+  free (N2);
+
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+// find the elements of X2,Y2 which are closest to each element of X1,Y1 (-1 if no match)
+int find_matches1d_closest (Vector *X1, Vector *X2, double Radius, Vector *index) {
+  
+  off_t i, j, Jmin, Ji, I, J, *N1, *N2, NMATCH;
+  double dX, dR, Rmin;
+
+  NMATCH = X1->Nelements;
+  ResetVector (index, OPIHI_INT, NMATCH);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < index->Nelements; i++) { index->elements.Int[i] = -1; }
+
+  ALLOCATE (N1, off_t, X1->Nelements);
+  ALLOCATE (N2, off_t, X2->Nelements);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < X1->Nelements; i++) { N1[i] = i; }
+  for (i = 0; i < X2->Nelements; i++) { N2[i] = i; }
+
+  dsort_indexonly (X1->elements.Flt, N1, X1->Nelements);
+  dsort_indexonly (X2->elements.Flt, N2, X2->Nelements);
+
+  // find the closest entry in list 2 to the current entry in list 1:
+  for (i = j = 0; (i < X1->Nelements) && (j < X2->Nelements);) {
+    I = N1[i];
+    J = N2[j];
+
+    dX = X1->elements.Flt[I] - X2->elements.Flt[J];
+
+    if (dX <= -1.02*Radius) { 
+      // no match in list 2 to this entry
+      index->elements.Int[I] = -1;
+      i++; 
+      continue; 
+    }
+    if (dX >= +1.02*Radius) { j++; continue; }
+
+    // look for closest matches of list2() to list1(i)
+    Jmin = -1;
+    for (Ji = j; (dX > -1.02*Radius) && (Ji < X2->Nelements); Ji++) {
+      J = N2[Ji];
+      dX = X1->elements.Flt[I] - X2->elements.Flt[J];
+      dR = fabs(dX);
+      if (dR > Radius) continue;
+      if (dR < Rmin) {
+	Rmin = dR;
+	Jmin  = J;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no match in list 2 to this entry
+    if (Jmin == -1) {
+      index->elements.Int[I] = -1;
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+    index->elements.Int[I] = Jmin;
+    i++;
+  }
+  index->Nelements = NMATCH;
+
+  free (N1);
+  free (N2);
+
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/medimage_calc.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/medimage_calc.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/medimage_calc.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+float weight_cauchy_square_flt (float x2);
+float irls_mean (float *val, float *wgt, int N, float *outvar, int *Npt);
+float irls_fraction_interpolate (float *values, float fraction, int Npts);
+float irls_robust_stdev (float *values, int Npts);
+float irls_wtmean (float *val, float *wgt, int *idx, int Npt, float *variance);
+void irls_bootstrap (int *idx, int Npts);
+void irls_init (int N);
+void irls_free (void);
+
+# define IRLS_TOLERANCE 1e-4
+int BOOTSTRAP = FALSE;
+int BOOTSTRAP_NITER = 100;
+
+static float *irls_valsub  = NULL;
+static float *irls_wgtsub  = NULL;
+static int   *irls_idx     = NULL;
+static float *irls_testval = NULL;
+
+enum {CALC_MEDIAN, CALC_MEAN, CALC_IRLS, CALC_WTMEAN};
+
+int medimage_calc (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  int ix, iy, n, N;
+  Buffer *output;
+  
+  BOOTSTRAP = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-bootstrap"))) {
+    BOOTSTRAP = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  BOOTSTRAP_NITER = 100;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-bootstrap-iter"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    BOOTSTRAP_NITER = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    BOOTSTRAP = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  int mode = CALC_MEDIAN;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-mean"))) {
+    mode = CALC_MEAN;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-irls"))) {
+    if (mode != CALC_MEDIAN) { gprint (GP_ERR, "supply only one of -mean, -median, -irls, -wtmean\n"); return FALSE; }
+    mode = CALC_IRLS;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-wtmean"))) {
+    if (mode != CALC_MEDIAN) { gprint (GP_ERR, "supply only one of -mean, -median, -irls, -wtmean\n"); return FALSE; }
+    mode = CALC_WTMEAN;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-median"))) {
+    if (mode != CALC_MEDIAN) { gprint (GP_ERR, "supply only one of -mean, -median, -irls, -wtmean\n"); return FALSE; }
+    mode = CALC_MEDIAN;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  Buffer *variance = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-variance"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((variance = SelectBuffer (argv[N], ANYBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  if (argc != 3) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: medimage calc (name) (output) [-mean,-irls,-wtmean,-median] [-variance output] [-bootstrap] [-bootstrap-iter (N)]\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "       calculate the median image for the median image set\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  This function calculates the 'average' image for the supplied set of images.\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  Four options are available to calculate the average:\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   -mean (straight arithmetic mean)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   -median\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   -wtmean (arithmetic mean, weighted by supplied variances)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   -irls (iteratively-reweighted least-squares)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  If -variance is supplied the returned image represents the estimate of the variance on the average image\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  For the four average methods above, the sqrt of the variance has the following meanings:\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   -mean   : standard deviation / sqrt(Npts)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   -median : standard deviation / sqrt(Npts)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   -wtmean : formal error on the weighted mean [sum (1 / variances)]\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   -irls   : formal error on the pixels used (excluding ~3 sigma outliers)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "   note that the irls formal error slightly underestimates the observed standard deviation\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  MedImageType *median = FindMedImage (argv[1]);
+  if (!median) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "median image %s not found\n", argv[1]);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if ((output = SelectBuffer (argv[2], ANYBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+
+  int Ninput = median->Ninput;
+  int Nx = median->Nx;
+  int Ny = median->Ny;
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (val, float, Ninput);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (wgt, float, Ninput);
+
+  if (mode == CALC_IRLS) irls_init (Ninput);
+
+  gfits_free_matrix (&output->matrix);
+  gfits_free_header (&output->header);
+  if (!CreateBuffer (output, Nx, Ny, -32, 0.0, 1.0)) return FALSE;
+
+  float *outvalue = (float *) output->matrix.buffer;
+  float *varvalue = NULL;
+  if (variance) {
+    gfits_free_matrix (&variance->matrix);
+    gfits_free_header (&variance->header);
+    if (!CreateBuffer (variance, Nx, Ny, -32, 0.0, 1.0)) return FALSE;
+
+    varvalue = (float *) variance->matrix.buffer;
+  }
+
+  // save the number of points per pixel
+  Buffer *nptbuf = SelectBuffer ("irls_npt", ANYBUFFER, TRUE);
+  gfits_free_matrix (&nptbuf->matrix);
+  gfits_free_header (&nptbuf->header);
+  if (!CreateBuffer (nptbuf, Nx, Ny, -32, 0.0, 1.0)) return FALSE;
+  float *NptVal = (float *) nptbuf->matrix.buffer;
+
+  for (iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+    for (ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
+
+      int N = 0;
+      int Npix = ix + Nx*iy;
+      for (n = 0; n < Ninput; n++) {
+	float v = median->flx[n][Npix];
+	if (!isfinite(v)) continue;
+	val[N] = v;
+	wgt[N] = 1.0;
+	if (median->var[n]) {
+	  float s = median->var[n][Npix];
+	  if (!isfinite(s)) continue;
+	  if (fabs(s) < 2*FLT_MIN) s = 2*FLT_MIN;
+	  wgt[N] = 1.0 / s;
+	}
+	N++;
+      }
+      if (N == 0) continue;
+
+      switch (mode) {
+	case CALC_MEDIAN:
+	  fsort (val, N);
+	  outvalue[Npix] = val[(int)(0.5*N)];
+	  if (varvalue) {
+	    float sum = 0.0;
+	    for (n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+	      sum += SQ(val[n] - outvalue[Npix]);
+	    }
+	    // variance on the mean (stdev / sqrt(N))^2
+	    varvalue[Npix] = sum / (N - 1) / N;
+	  }
+	  break;
+	case CALC_MEAN: {
+	  float sum = 0.0;
+	  for (n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+	    sum += val[n];
+	  }
+	  outvalue[Npix] = sum / (float) N;
+
+	  if (varvalue) {
+	    float Sum = 0.0;
+	    for (n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+	      Sum += SQ(val[n] - outvalue[Npix]);
+	    }
+	    // variance on the mean (stdev / sqrt(N))^2
+	    varvalue[Npix] = Sum / (N - 1) / N;
+	  }
+	  break;
+	}
+	case CALC_WTMEAN: {
+	  float variance;
+	  outvalue[Npix] = irls_wtmean (val, wgt, NULL, N, &variance);
+	  if (varvalue) { varvalue[Npix] = variance; }
+	  break;
+	}
+	case CALC_IRLS: 
+	  if (varvalue) {
+	    int Npts = 0;
+	    outvalue[Npix] = irls_mean (val, wgt, N, &varvalue[Npix], &Npts);
+	    NptVal[Npix] = Npts;
+	  } else {
+	    int Npts = 0;
+	    outvalue[Npix] = irls_mean (val, wgt, N, NULL, &Npts);
+	    NptVal[Npix] = Npts;
+	  }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  irls_free();
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+// allocate temporary vectors
+void irls_init (int N) {
+
+  ALLOCATE (irls_valsub, float, N);
+  ALLOCATE (irls_wgtsub, float, N);
+  ALLOCATE (irls_idx, int, N);
+  ALLOCATE (irls_testval, float, BOOTSTRAP_NITER);
+}
+
+// free temporary vectors
+void irls_free (void) {
+  FREE (irls_valsub); 
+  FREE (irls_wgtsub);
+  FREE (irls_idx);
+  FREE (irls_testval);
+  irls_valsub = NULL;
+  irls_wgtsub = NULL;
+  irls_idx = NULL;
+  irls_testval = NULL;
+}
+
+float irls_mean (float *val, float *wgt, int N, float *outvar, int *Npt) {
+
+  // calculate weighted mean
+  float Value = irls_wtmean (val, wgt, NULL, N, NULL);
+
+  int converged = FALSE;
+  for (int i = 0; (i < 10) && !converged; i++) {
+    float ValueLast = Value;
+    float S1 = 0.0, S2 = 0.0;
+    
+    // calculate weight modification based on distances (squared).
+    // use modifier to calculate new weighted mean
+    for (int n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+      float dV = (val[n] - Value);
+      float d2 = SQ(dV) * wgt[n];
+      
+      float Mod = weight_cauchy_square_flt (d2);
+      S1 += Mod * wgt[n] * val[n];
+      S2 += Mod * wgt[n];
+    }
+    Value = S1 / S2;
+
+    float delta = fabs(Value - ValueLast);
+    if (delta < Value * IRLS_TOLERANCE) converged = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  if (outvar) {
+    if (BOOTSTRAP) {
+      // generate a subset vector of just the accepted points
+    
+      // calculate stdev of high-weight points
+      int npt = 0;
+      for (int n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+
+	float dV = (val[n] - Value);
+	float d2 = SQ(dV) * wgt[n];
+      
+	float Mod = weight_cauchy_square_flt (d2);
+	if (Mod < 0.1) continue; // totally ad-hoc number
+
+	irls_valsub[npt] = val[n];
+	irls_wgtsub[npt] = wgt[n];
+	npt ++;
+      }
+
+      for (int iter = 0; iter < BOOTSTRAP_NITER; iter++) {
+	irls_bootstrap (irls_idx, npt); // fill idx with the index of the resampled points
+	irls_testval[iter] = irls_wtmean (irls_valsub, irls_wgtsub, irls_idx, npt, NULL);
+      }
+
+      float sigma = irls_robust_stdev (irls_testval, BOOTSTRAP_NITER);
+
+      *outvar = SQ(sigma);
+      *Npt = npt;
+    } else {
+      // calculate stdev of high-weight points
+      float S1 = 0.0, S2 = 0.0;
+      int npt = 0;
+      for (int n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+
+	float dV = (val[n] - Value);
+	float d2 = SQ(dV) * wgt[n];
+      
+	float Mod = weight_cauchy_square_flt (d2);
+	if (Mod < 0.1) continue; // totally ad-hoc number
+
+	S1 += SQ(dV);
+	S2 += wgt[n];
+	npt ++;
+      }
+      *Npt = npt;
+      *outvar = 1 / S2;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Value;
+}
+
+void irls_bootstrap (int *idx, int Npts) {
+  // generate an index (idx) containing the index values
+  // for the Npts randomly resampled points
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+    idx[i] = Npts * drand48();
+  }
+}
+
+float irls_wtmean (float *val, float *wgt, int *idx, int Npt, float *variance) {
+  float S1 = 0.0, S2 = 0.0;
+  for (int n = 0; n < Npt; n++) {
+    int N = idx ? idx[n] : n;
+    S1 += wgt[N] * val[N];
+    S2 += wgt[N];
+  }
+  float Value = S1 / S2;
+  if (variance) *variance = 1.0 / S2;
+  return Value;
+}
+
+float irls_robust_stdev (float *values, int Npts) {
+
+  fsort (values, Npts);
+
+  float Slo = irls_fraction_interpolate (values, 0.158655, Npts);
+  float Shi = irls_fraction_interpolate (values, 0.841345, Npts);
+  float sigma = (Shi - Slo) / 2.0;
+  
+  return sigma;
+}
+
+float irls_fraction_interpolate (float *values, float fraction, int Npts) {
+
+  float F = fraction * Npts;
+  int   N = fraction * Npts;
+
+  if (N < 0        ) return NAN;
+  if (N >= Npts - 2) return NAN;
+
+  // interpolate between N,N+1
+    
+  float S = (F - N) * (values[N+1] - values[N]) + values[N];
+  return S;
+}
+
+
+// exp(-(x^2/s^2)/2) = (1/2)
+//     -(x^2/s^2)/2  = ln(1/2)
+//      (x^2/s^2)/2  = ln(2)
+//      (x^2/s^2)    = 2ln(2)
+//      (x  /s)      = sqrt(2ln(2)) : half-width at half-max
+//       FWHM        = 2sqrt(2ln(2))
+
+// R2 = (X / 2.385)^2 = (X^2 / 2.385^2)
+
+# define CAUCY_FACTOR 2.0
+
+/*
+float weight_cauchy_square_flt (float x2) {
+  return (1.0);
+}
+*/
+
+float weight_cauchy_square_flt (float x2) {
+  float r2 = x2 / CAUCY_FACTOR;
+  return (1.0 / (1.0 + r2));
+}
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/medimage_commands.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/medimage_commands.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/medimage_commands.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -15,13 +15,30 @@
 int medimage_add (int argc, char **argv) {
 
+  int N;
   Buffer *image;
+  Buffer *var = NULL;
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-variance"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((var = SelectBuffer (argv[N], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
 
   if (argc != 3) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: medimage add (name) (image)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: medimage add (name) (image) [-variance variance]\n");
     gprint (GP_ERR, "       add the given image to the set of images to be medianed\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "       optionally supply variance image (for weighted calculations)\n");
     return FALSE;
   }
 
   if ((image = SelectBuffer (argv[2], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+
+  if (var) {
+    if ((var->matrix.Naxis[0] != image->matrix.Naxis[0]) ||
+	(var->matrix.Naxis[1] != image->matrix.Naxis[1])) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "variance buffer does not match image buffer dimensions\n");
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+  }
 
   MedImageType *median = FindMedImage (argv[1]);
@@ -46,76 +63,17 @@
   // new image should match existing medimage dimensions
 
+  // AddMedImage (median, image, var);
   int Ninput = median->Ninput;
   median->Ninput ++;
-  REALLOCATE (median->buffers, float *, median->Ninput);
+  REALLOCATE (median->flx, float *, median->Ninput);
+  REALLOCATE (median->var, float *, median->Ninput);
 
-  ALLOCATE (median->buffers[Ninput], float, median->Nx*median->Ny);
-  memcpy (median->buffers[Ninput], image->matrix.buffer, sizeof(float)*median->Nx*median->Ny);
+  ALLOCATE (median->flx[Ninput], float, median->Nx*median->Ny);
+  memcpy (median->flx[Ninput], image->matrix.buffer, sizeof(float)*median->Nx*median->Ny);
 
-  return TRUE;
-}
-
-int medimage_calc (int argc, char **argv) {
-
-  int ix, iy, n, N;
-  Buffer *output;
-
-  int CALC_MEAN = FALSE;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-mean"))) {
-    CALC_MEAN = TRUE;
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
-
-  if (argc != 3) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: medimage calc (name) (output) [-mean]\n");
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "       calculate the median image for the median image set\n");
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-
-  MedImageType *median = FindMedImage (argv[1]);
-  if (!median) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "median image %s not found\n", argv[1]);
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-
-  if ((output = SelectBuffer (argv[2], ANYBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-
-  int Ninput = median->Ninput;
-  int Nx = median->Nx;
-  int Ny = median->Ny;
-
-  float *value = NULL;
-  ALLOCATE (value, float, Ninput);
-
-  gfits_free_matrix (&output->matrix);
-  gfits_free_header (&output->header);
-  if (!CreateBuffer (output, Nx, Ny, -32, 0.0, 1.0)) return FALSE;
-
-  float *outvalue = (float *) output->matrix.buffer;
-
-  for (iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
-    for (ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
-
-      int N = 0;
-      int Npix = ix + Nx*iy;
-      for (n = 0; n < Ninput; n++) {
-	float v = median->buffers[n][Npix];
-	if (!isfinite(v)) continue;
-	value[N] = v;
-	N++;
-      }
-      if (N == 0) continue;
-
-      if (CALC_MEAN) {
-	float sum = 0.0;
-	for (n = 0; n < N; n++) {
-	  sum += value[n];
-	}
-	outvalue[Npix] = sum / (float) N;
-      } else {
-	fsort (value, N);
-	outvalue[Npix] = value[(int)(0.5*N)];
-      }
-    }
+  median->var[Ninput] = NULL;
+  if (var) {
+    ALLOCATE (median->var[Ninput], float, median->Nx*median->Ny);
+    memcpy (median->var[Ninput], var->matrix.buffer, sizeof(float)*median->Nx*median->Ny);
   }
 
@@ -124,39 +82,39 @@
 
 /* 
-int medimage_save (int argc, char **argv) {
+   int medimage_save (int argc, char **argv) {
 
-  int N;
+   int N;
 
-  int APPEND = FALSE;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-append"))) {
-    APPEND = TRUE;
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
+   int APPEND = FALSE;
+   if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-append"))) {
+   APPEND = TRUE;
+   remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+   }
 
-  if (argc != 3) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: medimage save (name) (filename) [-append]\n");
-    return FALSE;
-  }
+   if (argc != 3) {
+   gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: medimage save (name) (filename) [-append]\n");
+   return FALSE;
+   }
 
-  if (!SaveMedImage(argv[2], argv[1], APPEND)) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "failed to save medimage %s\n", argv[1]);
-    return (FALSE);
-  }
-  return TRUE;
-}
+   if (!SaveMedImage(argv[2], argv[1], APPEND)) {
+   gprint (GP_ERR, "failed to save medimage %s\n", argv[1]);
+   return (FALSE);
+   }
+   return TRUE;
+   }
 
-int medimage_load (int argc, char **argv) {
+   int medimage_load (int argc, char **argv) {
 
-  if (argc != 3) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: medimage load (name) (filename)\n");
-    return FALSE;
-  }
+   if (argc != 3) {
+   gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: medimage load (name) (filename)\n");
+   return FALSE;
+   }
 
-  if (!LoadMedImage(argv[2], argv[1])) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "failed to load medimage %s\n", argv[1]);
-    return (FALSE);
-  }
-  return TRUE;
-}
+   if (!LoadMedImage(argv[2], argv[1])) {
+   gprint (GP_ERR, "failed to load medimage %s\n", argv[1]);
+   return (FALSE);
+   }
+   return TRUE;
+   }
 */
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/mgaussdev.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/mgaussdev.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/mgaussdev.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+int mgaussdev (int argc, char **argv) {
+  
+  Buffer *buf;
+
+  if (argc != 6) goto usage;
+
+  if ((buf = SelectBuffer (argv[1], ANYBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  int Nx = atof (argv[2]);
+  int Ny = atof (argv[3]);
+
+  double mean = atof (argv[4]);
+  double sigma = atof (argv[5]);
+
+  /* I should encapsulate this in a create_default_buffer */
+  gfits_free_matrix (&buf[0].matrix);
+  gfits_free_header (&buf[0].header);
+
+  // 3D CUBE OPTION: if (!CreateBuffer3D (buf, Nx, Ny, Nz, -32, 1.0, 0.0)) return FALSE;
+  if (!CreateBuffer (buf, Nx, Ny, -32, 1.0, 0.0)) return FALSE;
+
+  ohana_gaussdev_init ();
+  
+  float *v = (float *) buf[0].matrix.buffer;
+  for (int i = 0; i < Nx*Ny; i++, v++) {
+    *v = ohana_gaussdev_rnd (mean, sigma);
+  }
+  return (TRUE);
+
+ usage:
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: mgaussdev (buff) Nx Ny mean sigma\n");
+  return (FALSE);
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/peak.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/peak.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/peak.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -39,4 +39,5 @@
       if (*X < start) continue;
       if (*X > end) continue;
+      if (!isfinite(*Y)) continue;
       if (*Y < ymax) continue;
       xmax = *X;
@@ -63,4 +64,5 @@
       if (*X < start) continue;
       if (*X > end) continue;
+      if (!isfinite(*Y)) continue;
       if (*Y < ymax) continue;
       xmax = *X;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/roll.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/roll.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/roll.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 int roll (int argc, char **argv) {
   
-  int Nbytes, Nextra;
-  int dX, dx, dy, nx, ny;
   Buffer *buf;
+
+  // this function is probably not needed
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "ERROR: use 'shift' instead of 'roll'\n");
+  return (FALSE);
 
   if (argc != 4) {
@@ -14,32 +16,71 @@
   if ((buf = SelectBuffer (argv[1], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
 
-  dx = atof (argv[2]);
-  dy = atof (argv[3]);
-  if (dy != 0) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "only x rolls implemented for now\n");
+  int dx = atoi (argv[2]);
+  int dy = atoi (argv[3]);
+
+  /* if (dx,dy < 0), we are moving the start position backwards,
+     if (dx,dy > 0), we are moving the start position forward */
+  
+  int Nx = buf[0].matrix.Naxis[0];
+  int Ny = buf[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
+
+  if (dy == 0) {
+    // moves in just dx can be done row-by-row
+
+    int dX = abs(dx);
+    int Nbytes = (Nx * Ny - dX) * sizeof (float);
+    int Nextra = dX * sizeof (float);
+
+    if (dx < 0) {
+      memmove (buf[0].matrix.buffer, &buf[0].matrix.buffer[dX*sizeof(float)], Nbytes);
+      memset (&buf[0].matrix.buffer[Nbytes], 0, Nextra);
+    } else {
+      memmove (&buf[0].matrix.buffer[dX*sizeof(float)], buf[0].matrix.buffer, Nbytes);
+      memset (buf[0].matrix.buffer, 0, Nextra);
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
   }
 
-  /* if (dx < 0), we are moving the start position back by dx pixels,
-     if (dx > 0), we are moving the start position forward by dx pixels */
-  
-  nx = buf[0].matrix.Naxis[0];
-  ny = buf[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
+  if (dx == 0) {
+    // moves in just dy can be done row-by-row
 
-  dX = abs(dx);
-  Nbytes = nx * ny * sizeof (float);
-  Nextra = (nx * ny + dX) * sizeof (float);
+    ALLOCATE_PTR (output, float, Nx*Ny);
 
-  REALLOCATE (buf[0].matrix.buffer, char, Nextra);
+    float *input = (float *) buf[0].matrix.buffer;
 
-  if (dx < 0) {
-    memmove (buf[0].matrix.buffer, &buf[0].matrix.buffer[dX*sizeof(float)], Nbytes);
-  } else {
-    memmove (&buf[0].matrix.buffer[dX*sizeof(float)], buf[0].matrix.buffer, Nbytes);
+    for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+      if (iy + dy < 0) continue;
+      if (iy + dy >= Ny) continue;
+      memcpy (&output[iy*Nx], &input[(iy + dy)*Nx], Nx);
+    }
+    if (dy > 0) {
+      memset (output, 0, dy*Nx*sizeof(float));
+    } else {
+      int Nbytes = Nx * (Ny - abs(dy)) * sizeof (float);
+      int Nextra = abs(dy) * Nx * sizeof (float);
+      memset (&output[Nbytes], 0, Nextra);
+    }
+    free (buf[0].matrix.buffer);
+    buf[0].matrix.buffer = (char *) output;
+    return TRUE;
   }
 
-  REALLOCATE (buf[0].matrix.buffer, char, Nbytes);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (output, float, Nx*Ny);
+  float *input = (float *) buf[0].matrix.buffer;
 
-  return (TRUE);
-
+  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+    if (iy + dy < 0) continue;
+    if (iy + dy >= Ny) continue;
+    for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
+      if (ix + dx < 0) continue;
+      if (ix + dx >= Nx) continue;
+      output[ix + iy*Nx] = input[(ix + dx) + (iy + dy)*Nx];
+    }
+  }
+  free (buf[0].matrix.buffer);
+  buf[0].matrix.buffer = (char *) output;
+  return TRUE;
 }
 
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/rotate.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/rotate.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/rotate.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
 int rotate (int argc, char **argv) {
   
-  int i, j, NX, NY, X, Y, Lx, Ly, N;
+  int i, j, NX, NY;
   float *in_buff, *out_buff, *c;
-  double angle, CosAngle, SinAngle, Xo, Yo, dX, dY, fx, fy, x, y, X1, Y1;
+  double Xo, Yo, x, y, X1, Y1;
   double pc11, pc12, pc21, pc22, PC11, PC12, PC21, PC22;
   Buffer *buf;
 
-  Xo = 0;
-  Yo = 0;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-center"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    Xo  = atof(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    Yo  = atof(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
+//  Xo = 0;
+//  Yo = 0;
+//  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-center"))) {
+//    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+//    Xo  = atof(argv[N]);
+//    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+//    Yo  = atof(argv[N]);
+//    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+//  }
 
   if (argc != 3) {
@@ -221,30 +221,26 @@
   }
 
-  angle = atof (argv[2]);
-  CosAngle = cos (angle*RAD_DEG);
-  SinAngle = sin (angle*RAD_DEG);
+  double angle = atof (argv[2]);
+  double CosAngle = cos (angle*RAD_DEG);
+  double SinAngle = sin (angle*RAD_DEG);
   
   gprint (GP_ERR, "rotating: %f %f %f\n", angle, CosAngle, SinAngle);
 
-  Lx = NX*fabs(CosAngle) + NY*fabs(SinAngle);
-  Ly = NX*fabs(SinAngle) + NY*fabs(CosAngle);
-  dX = MAX(0,NY*SinAngle);
-  dY = MAX(0,-NX*SinAngle);
-  /*
-  gprint (GP_ERR, "%f %f  -->  ", Xo, Yo);
-  X1 = Xo*CosAngle - Yo*SinAngle + dX;
-  Y1 =  Xo*SinAngle + Yo*CosAngle + dY;
-  gprint (GP_ERR, "%f %f\n", X1, Y1);
-  */
+  // we are rotating about the center pixel, (NX/2, NY/2),
+  // but we are then putting the result in a new image
+  // of size (Lx,Ly).
+
+  // (x,y) = (i - Nx/2),(j - Ny/2)
+  // (x',y') = R(theta) (x,y)
+  // (I,J) = (x' + Lx/2),(y' + Ly/2)
+
+  int Lx = NX*fabs(CosAngle) + NY*fabs(SinAngle);
+  int Ly = NX*fabs(SinAngle) + NY*fabs(CosAngle);
 
   /* fix reference pixel */
   gfits_scan (&buf[0].header, "CRPIX1", "%lf", 1, &Xo);
   gfits_scan (&buf[0].header, "CRPIX2", "%lf", 1, &Yo);
-  /*
-  X1 = (Xo - dX)*CosAngle - (Yo - dY)*SinAngle;
-  Y1 = (dX - Xo)*SinAngle + (Yo - dY)*CosAngle;
-  */
-  X1 = Xo*CosAngle - Yo*SinAngle + dX;
-  Y1 =  Xo*SinAngle + Yo*CosAngle + dY;
+  X1 = (Xo - NX/2)*CosAngle + (Yo - NY/2)*SinAngle + Lx/2;
+  Y1 = (NX/2 - Xo)*SinAngle + (Yo - NY/2)*CosAngle + Ly/2;
   gfits_modify (&buf[0].header, "CRPIX1", "%lf", 1, X1);
   gfits_modify (&buf[0].header, "CRPIX2", "%lf", 1, Y1);
@@ -255,8 +251,8 @@
   gfits_scan (&buf[0].header, "PC002001", "%lf", 1, &pc21);
   gfits_scan (&buf[0].header, "PC002002", "%lf", 1, &pc22);
-  PC11 = pc11*CosAngle - pc21*SinAngle;
-  PC12 = pc12*CosAngle - pc22*SinAngle;
-  PC21 = pc21*CosAngle + pc11*SinAngle;
-  PC22 = pc22*CosAngle + pc12*SinAngle;
+  PC11 = pc11*CosAngle + pc21*SinAngle;
+  PC12 = pc12*CosAngle + pc22*SinAngle;
+  PC21 = pc21*CosAngle - pc11*SinAngle;
+  PC22 = pc22*CosAngle - pc12*SinAngle;
   gfits_modify (&buf[0].header, "PC001001", "%le", 1, PC11);
   gfits_modify (&buf[0].header, "PC001002", "%le", 1, PC12);
@@ -270,22 +266,32 @@
   gfits_create_matrix (&buf[0].header, &buf[0].matrix);
   gfits_print_alt (&buf[0].header, "HISTORY", "%S", 1, "WARNING: rotated image!");
+
   out_buff = (float *)buf[0].matrix.buffer;
   for (j = 0; j < Ly; j++) {
     for (i = 0; i < Lx; i++, out_buff++) {
 
-      x = (i - dX)*CosAngle + (j - dY)*SinAngle;
-      y = (dX - i)*SinAngle + (j - dY)*CosAngle;
-      X = (int) x;
-      Y = (int) y;
-
-      if (X < 0) continue;
-      if (X >= NX - 1) continue;
-      if (Y < 0) continue;
-      if (Y >= NY - 1) continue;
-
-      c = &in_buff[X + NX*Y];
-      fx = x - X;
-      fy = y - Y;
+      float xo = (i - Lx/2);
+      float yo = (j - Ly/2);
+
+      x =  xo*CosAngle + yo*SinAngle;
+      y = -xo*SinAngle + yo*CosAngle;
+
+      int I = x + NX/2;
+      int J = y + NY/2;
+
+      if (I < 0) continue;
+      if (I >= NX - 1) continue;
+      if (J < 0) continue;
+      if (J >= NY - 1) continue;
+
+      c = &in_buff[I + NX*J];
+
+      int X = (int) x;
+      int Y = (int) y;
+      double fx = x - X;
+      double fy = y - Y;
+
       *out_buff = (c[0]*(1-fx) + c[1]*fx)*(1-fy) + (c[NX+1]*fx + c[NX]*(1-fx))*fy;
+//    *out_buff = c[0];
     }
   }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/spline.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/spline.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/spline.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -7,4 +7,5 @@
 int spline_load (int argc, char **argv);
 int spline_save (int argc, char **argv);
+int spline_print (int argc, char **argv);
 int spline_delete (int argc, char **argv);
 int spline_rename (int argc, char **argv);
@@ -18,4 +19,5 @@
   {1, "load",       spline_load,       "write a spline to a FITS file"},
   {1, "save",       spline_save,       "read a spline from a FITS file"},
+  {1, "print",      spline_print,      "print a spline to stdout"},
   {1, "delete",     spline_delete,     "delete a spline"},
   {1, "rename",     spline_rename,     "rename a spline"},
@@ -35,4 +37,5 @@
   gprint (GP_ERR, "    spline load   (spline) (filename)            : load a spline from a FITS file\n");
   gprint (GP_ERR, "    spline save   (spline) (filename) [-append]  : save a spline in FITS format\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "    spline print  (spline)                       : print a spline to stdout\n");
 
   return FALSE;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/spline_commands.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/spline_commands.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/spline_commands.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -28,4 +28,9 @@
   if (xvec->Nelements != yvec->Nelements) {
     gprint (GP_ERR, "x and y vectors must be the same length\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if (xvec->Nelements < 3) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "cannot make a spline with fewer than 3 knots\n");
     return FALSE;
   }
@@ -93,4 +98,26 @@
 }
 
+int spline_print (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  int i;
+
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: spline print (name)\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  Spline *myspline = FindSpline (argv[1]);
+  if (!myspline) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "spline %s not found\n", argv[1]);
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < myspline->Nknots; i++) {
+    gprint (GP_LOG, "%lf : %lf : %lf\n", myspline->xk[i], myspline->yk[i], myspline->y2[i]);
+  }    
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
 int spline_load (int argc, char **argv) {
 
@@ -109,6 +136,11 @@
 int spline_delete (int argc, char **argv) {
 
-  int status;
-  Spline *spline;
+  int N, status;
+
+  int QUIET = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-q"))) {
+    QUIET = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
 
   if (argc != 2) {
@@ -117,6 +149,7 @@
   }
 
-  spline = FindSpline (argv[1]);
+  Spline *spline = FindSpline (argv[1]);
   if (spline == NULL) {
+    if (QUIET) return TRUE;
     gprint (GP_ERR, "spline %s not found\n", argv[1]);
     return FALSE;
@@ -130,6 +163,4 @@
 int spline_rename (int argc, char **argv) {
 
-  Spline *spline;
-
   if (argc != 3) {
     gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: spline rename (spline) (newname)\n");
@@ -137,8 +168,13 @@
   }
 
-  spline = FindSpline (argv[1]);
+  Spline *spline = FindSpline (argv[1]);
   if (spline == NULL) {
     gprint (GP_ERR, "spline %s not found\n", argv[1]);
     return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  Spline *newname = FindSpline (argv[2]);
+  if (newname != NULL) {
+    DeleteSpline (newname);
   }
 
@@ -147,24 +183,2 @@
   return TRUE;
 }
-
-/* 
-int spline_listspline (int argc, char **argv) {
-
-  Spline *spline;
-
-  if (argc != 2) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: spline listspline (spline)\n");
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-
-  spline = FindSpline (argv[1]);
-  if (spline == NULL) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "spline %s not found\n", argv[1]);
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-
-  ListPages (spline);
-  return TRUE;
-}
-*/
-
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/cut.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/cut.sh	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/cut.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -4,4 +4,46 @@
  memtest1
 end
+
+macro test2
+
+  mgaussdev z 50 100 0.0 1.0
+
+  cut z x y_sum    x 0 0 z[][0] z[0][]
+  cut z x y_median x 0 0 z[][0] z[0][] -median
+  cut z x y_mean   x 0 0 z[][0] z[0][] -mean
+  cut z x y_inner  x 0 0 z[][0] z[0][] -inner
+  
+end
+
+macro checkrange
+  if ($0 != 2)
+    echo "USAGE: checkrange (Npts)"
+    break
+  end
+
+  $Npts = $1
+  if ($Npts % 2)
+    $Ncenter = int($Npts / 2)
+    $Nquarter = int(0.25 * $Npts)
+    $Ns = $Ncenter - $Nquarter
+    $Ne = $Ncenter + $Nquarter
+  else
+    $Ncenter = int($Npts / 2) - 1
+    $Nquarter = int(0.25 * $Npts)
+    $Ns = $Ncenter - $Nquarter
+    $Ne = $Ncenter + $Nquarter + 1
+  end
+  if ($Ns < 0)
+    echo "error: Ns < 0: $Ns $Ncenter $Nquarter"
+  end
+  if ($Ne >= $Npts)
+    echo "error: Ne >= Npts: $Ne $Ncenter $Nquarter"
+  end
+  echo "$Npts : $Ncenter : $Nquarter : $Ns $Ne"
+  for i 0 $Npts
+    echo $i {($i >= $Ns) && ($i <= $Ne)}
+  end
+end
+
 
 # Test if cut works
@@ -37,2 +79,42 @@
  end
 end
+
+macro memtest1
+
+ $i = 0
+ mcreate tim 100 100
+ cut tim xdir imx X 40 4 60 6
+ # do one to set up memory that should stay used
+
+ memory check
+ for i 0 100
+   cut tim xdir imx X 40 4 60 6
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+ for i 0 100
+   cut tim xdir imx y 40 4 60 6
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+ for i 0 100
+   cut -median tim xdir imx X 40 4 60 6
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+ for i 0 100
+   cut -median tim xdir imx y 40 4 60 6
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+ for i 0 100
+   cut -mean tim xdir imx X 40 4 60 6
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+ for i 0 100
+   cut -mean tim xdir imx y 40 4 60 6
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/delete.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/delete.sh	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/delete.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -49,2 +49,13 @@
 
 end
+
+# Test delete
+macro test2
+
+ $PASS = 1
+
+ for i 0 1000
+   create v 0 200
+   delete v
+ end
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/headtest.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/headtest.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/headtest.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+macro init.test
+ create x 0 10
+ set y  = x^2
+ mcreate blank 0 0 
+ keyword blank TE0 -wd 56
+ keyword blank TE1 -w "TEST LINE"
+ keyword blank TE2 -wf 5.12342341
+ keyword blank TE3 -wb T
+ keyword blank TE4 -wc "not sure what do say"
+ keyword blank TE4 -wf 4.5
+ keyword blank TE5 -ws "this is a long comment"
+ keyword blank TE2 -wc "this is a short comment"
+ write -fits DATA test2.fits x y -header blank
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/medimage.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/medimage.sh	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/medimage.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -1,11 +1,540 @@
 
-macro go
- mcreate a 30 30
- for i 0 40
-  set a$i = zero(a) + $i
- end
-
- for i 0 40
-  medimage add t1 a$i
- end
-end
+macro test.mean
+
+ $Nsample = 16
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 1.0
+  medimage add t1 t
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ medimage calc t1 T -mean
+
+ imhist -q T x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo "expect {1/sqrt($Nsample)} : $C1"
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+end
+
+macro test.median
+
+ $Nsample = 16
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 1.0
+  medimage add t1 t
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+ end
+
+ # note that median of a gaussian distributed variable is not distributed with sigma' = sigma / sqrt(N)
+ # (somewhat higher scatter)
+ medimage calc t1 T
+
+ imhist -q T x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo "expect {1/sqrt($Nsample)} : $C1 (actually should be a bit higher)"
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+end
+ 
+macro test.wtmean
+
+ $Nsample = 8
+ $sig1 = 1.0
+ $sig2 = 3.0
+
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 $sig1
+  set v = $sig1^2 + zero(t)      
+  medimage add t1 t -variance v
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 $sig2
+  set v = $sig2^2 + zero(t)      
+  medimage add t1 t -variance v
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ # note that median of a gaussian distributed variable is not distributed with sigma' = sigma / sqrt(N)
+ # (somewhat higher scatter)
+ medimage calc t1 T -wtmean
+
+ imhist -q T x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ $S1 = $Nsample / $sig1^2 + $Nsample / $sig2^2
+ echo "expect {1/sqrt($S1)} : $C1"
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+end
+
+macro test.irls
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ $Nsample = 16
+ $sig = 1.0
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 $sig
+  set v = $sig^2 + zero(t)      
+
+  set bad = (rnd(t) < 0.05) ? 10*rnd(t) + 5 : zero(t)
+  set ts = t + bad
+
+  medimage add t1 ts -variance v
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ # get stats for straight mean:
+ medimage calc t1 Tm -mean
+
+ imhist -q Tm x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo "sigma from straight stdev: $C1"
+ # stats Tm
+ 
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ # get stats for irls
+ medimage calc t1 Ti -irls
+
+ imhist -q Ti x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 2 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo "sigma from irls: $C1 (ideal is {$sig/sqrt($Nsample)})"
+ # stats Ti
+ 
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+end
+
+
+###################33
+
+
+macro test.mean.var
+
+ $Nsample = 64
+ $sig = 2.0
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 100 100 0.0 $sig
+  medimage add t1 t
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ medimage calc t1 T -mean -variance Tv
+
+ imhist -q T x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ imhist Tv xv yv -range -1 4 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 2 xv yv; clear; box; plot xv yv -x hist
+
+ stat Tv
+ echo "$C1 vs {sqrt($MEDIAN)} : expect {$sig/sqrt($Nsample)}"
+end
+
+macro test.median.var
+
+ $Nsample = 64
+ $sig = 2.0
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 $sig
+  medimage add t1 t
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ # note that median of a gaussian distributed variable is not distributed with sigma' = sigma / sqrt(N)
+ # (somewhat higher scatter)
+ medimage calc t1 T -variance Tv
+
+ imhist -q T x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ imhist Tv xv yv -range -1 4 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 2 xv yv; clear; box; plot xv yv -x hist
+
+ stat Tv
+ echo "$C1 vs {sqrt($MEDIAN)} : expect {$sig/sqrt($Nsample)}"
+end
+ 
+macro test.wtmean.var
+
+ $Nsample = 32
+ $sig1 = 1.0
+ $sig2 = 1.0
+
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 $sig1
+  set v = $sig1^2 + zero(t)      
+  medimage add t1 t -variance v
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 $sig2
+  set v = $sig2^2 + zero(t)      
+  medimage add t1 t -variance v
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ # note that median of a gaussian distributed variable is not distributed with sigma' = sigma / sqrt(N)
+ # (somewhat higher scatter)
+ medimage calc t1 T -wtmean -variance Tv
+
+ imhist -q T x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ stat -q Tv
+ $S1 = $Nsample / $sig1^2 + $Nsample / $sig2^2
+ echo $C1 vs {sqrt($MEDIAN)} : expect {1/sqrt($S1)}
+end
+
+macro test.irls.var
+
+ $Nsample = 16
+ $sig = 1.0
+
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 $sig
+  set v = $sig^2 + zero(t)      
+
+  set bad = (rnd(t) < 0.05) ? 10*rnd(t) + 5 : zero(t)
+  set ts = t + bad
+
+  medimage add t1 ts -variance v
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ # get stats for straight mean:
+ medimage calc t1 Tm -mean -variance Tv
+
+ imhist -q Tm x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo "sigma from straight stdev: $C1"
+ # stats Tm
+ 
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ # get stats for irls
+ medimage calc t1 Ti -irls -variance Tv
+
+ imhist -q Ti x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 2 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo "sigma from irls: $C1 (ideal is {$sig/sqrt($Nsample)})"
+ # stats Ti
+ 
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ set dTv = sqrt(Tv)
+ imhist dTv xv yv -range -1 4 -delta 0.02; lim -n 3 xv yv; clear; box; plot xv yv -x hist
+
+ stat -q Tv
+ echo $C1 vs {sqrt($MEDIAN)} (ideal is {$sig/sqrt($Nsample)})"
+end
+
+macro test.irls.boot.var
+
+ $Nsample = 64
+ $sig = 1.0
+
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 200 200 0.0 $sig
+  set v = $sig^2 + zero(t)      
+
+  set bad = (rnd(t) < 0.05) ? 10*rnd(t) + 5 : zero(t)
+  set ts = t + bad
+
+  mgaussdev noise 200 200 0.0 0.5
+  set ts = ts + noise
+
+  medimage add t1 ts -variance v
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  # echo $C1
+ end
+
+ # get stats for straight mean:
+ medimage calc t1 Tm -mean -variance Tv
+
+ imhist -q Tm x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.02
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ peak -q x y
+ $C0 = $peakpos
+ $C1 = 1.5*$sig / sqrt($Nsample)
+ $C2 = $peakval
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo "sigma from straight stdev: $C1"
+ # stats Tm
+ 
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ # get stats for irls
+ date
+ medimage calc t1 Ti -irls -variance Tv -bootstrap-iter 100
+ date
+
+ imhist -q Ti x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.02
+ lim -n 2 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ peak -q x y
+ $C0 = $peakpos
+ $C1 = 1.5*$sig / sqrt($Nsample)
+ $C2 = $peakval
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo "sigma from irls: $C1 (ideal is {$sig/sqrt($Nsample)})"
+ # stats Ti
+ 
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ set dTv = sqrt(Tv)
+ imhist dTv xv yv -range 0 {5*$sig/sqrt($Nsample)} -delta 0.02; lim -n 3 xv yv; clear; box; plot xv yv -x hist
+
+ stat -q Tv
+ echo $C1 vs {sqrt($MEDIAN)} (ideal is {$sig/sqrt($Nsample)})"
+end
+
+##############################
+macro test.irls.boot.test
+
+ $Nsample = 100
+ $sig1 = 1.0
+
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 $Nsample
+  mgaussdev t 100 100 0.0 $sig1
+  set v = $sig1^2 + zero(t)      
+
+  medimage add t1 t -variance v
+ end
+
+ # get stats for irls
+ medimage calc t1 Ti -irls -variance Tv -bootstrap
+
+ imhist -q Ti x y -range {-10*$sig1/sqrt($Nsample)} {10*$sig1/sqrt($Nsample)} -delta 0.01
+ lim -n 2 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ peak -q x y
+ $C0 = $peakpos
+ $C1 = 1.5*$sig1/sqrt($Nsample)
+ $C2 = $peakval
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss x y con yf
+ echo "sigma from irls: $C1 (ideal is {$sig1/sqrt($Nsample)})"
+ # stats Ti
+ 
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ set dTv = sqrt(Tv)
+ imhist dTv xv yv -range 0 {5*$sig1/sqrt($Nsample)} -delta 0.02; lim -n 3 xv yv; clear; box; plot xv yv -x hist
+
+ stat -q irls_npt
+ $Npix = $MEAN
+
+ stat -q Tv
+ echo "sigma of irls average: $C1, sqrt(mean) of irls variance: {sqrt($MEAN)}, (ideal is {$sig1/sqrt($Npix)})"
+end
+
+macro test.irls.range.var
+ medimage delete -q t1
+ for i 0 8
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 1.0
+  set v = 1.0 + zero(t)      
+
+  set bad = (rnd(t) < 0.05) ? 10*rnd(t) + 5 : zero(t)
+  set ts = t + bad
+
+  medimage add t1 ts -variance v
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  echo $C1
+ end
+
+ for i 0 8
+  mgaussdev t 50 50 0.0 3.0
+  set v = 3.0 + zero(t)      
+
+  set bad = (rnd(t) < 0.05) ? 10*rnd(t) + 5 : zero(t)
+  set ts = t + bad
+
+  medimage add t1 ts -variance v
+  imhist -q t x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+
+  $C0 = 0
+  $C1 = 1.5
+  $C2 = 400
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss -q x y con yf
+  echo $C1
+ end
+
+ # get stats for straight mean:
+ medimage calc t1 Tm -mean -variance Tv
+
+ imhist -q Tm x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 1 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo $C1
+ stats Tm
+ 
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ # get stats for irls
+ medimage calc t1 Ti -irls -variance Tv
+
+ imhist -q Ti x y -range -10 10 -delta 0.1
+ lim -n 2 x y; clear; box; plot -x hist x y
+ $C0 = 0
+ $C1 = 1.5
+ $C2 = 400
+ $C3 = 0
+ vgauss -q x y con yf
+ echo $C1
+ stats Ti
+ 
+ plot -c red -x line x yf
+
+ stat -q Tv
+ echo $C1 vs {sqrt($MEDIAN)}
+
+ set dTv = sqrt(Tv)
+ imhist dTv xv yv -range -1 4 -delta 0.02; lim -n 3 xv yv; clear; box; plot xv yv -x hist
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/set.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/set.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/set.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+
+macro memtest1
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = zero(x)
+ $i = 0
+
+ memory check
+ for i 0 1000
+   set y = exp(x)
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+end
+
+macro memtest2
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = zero(x)
+ $i = 0
+
+ memory check
+ for i 0 1000
+   set y = (x < 0) ? x : exp(x)
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+end
+
+macro memtest3
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = zero(x)
+ $i = 0
+
+ memory check
+ for i 0 1000
+   set y = (x < 5 + 2*$i) ? x : exp(x)
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+end
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/spline.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/spline.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/spline.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+macro test1
+
+  for i 0 100
+    create x 0 50
+    set y = x^2
+    spline create t$i x y
+    spline rename t$i test
+    spline delete test
+  end
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/vsigmoid.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/vsigmoid.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/vsigmoid.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+
+list tests
+ test1
+ test2
+ test3
+end
+
+macro test1
+ $PASS = 1
+ break -auto off
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = 0 + 5 / (1 + exp((x - 3)/4))
+
+ $C0 = 1
+ $C1 = 2
+ $C2 = 10
+ $C3 = 1
+ set dy = sqrt(y)
+
+ vsigmoid -q x y dy yfit
+ lim x y; clear; box; plot -x 1 -c black x y; plot -c red x yfit
+ # cursor
+
+ if (abs($C0 - 0.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C1 - 3.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C2 - 5.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C3 - 0.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+end
+
+# noise of 0.1
+macro test2
+ $PASS = 1
+ break -auto off
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = 50 + 1000 / (1 + exp((x - 3)/2))
+ set dy = (rnd(y) - 0.5)/0.5
+ set y = y + dy
+
+ $C0 = 2
+ $C1 = 3
+ $C2 = 900
+ $C3 = 1
+
+ vsigmoid -q x y dy yfit
+ lim x y; clear; box; plot -x 1 -c black x y; plot -c red x yfit
+ # cursor
+
+ if (abs($C0 - 0.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C1 - 3.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C2 - 1000.0) > 0.1)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C3 - 0.0) > 0.1)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+end
+
+# poisson-distributed noise
+macro test3
+ $PASS = 1
+ break -auto off
+
+ $C0o = 3
+ $C1o = 2
+ $C2o = 20
+ $C3o = -2
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = $C3o + $C2o / (1 + exp((x - $C0o)/$C1o))
+
+ gaussdev dY y[] 0.0 1.0
+ set dy = dY * sqrt(abs(y))
+ set y = y + dy
+
+ $C0 = $C0o + 2
+ $C1 = $C1o + 2
+ $C2 = $C2o + 50
+ $C3 = $C3o + 10
+
+ vsigmoid x y dy yfit
+ lim x y; clear; box; plot -x 1 -c black x y; plot -c red x yfit
+ # cursor
+
+ $dS = 3.0 / sqrt(y[])
+
+ if (abs($C0 - $C0o) > $dS)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C1 - $C1o)/$C1o > $dS)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C2 - $C2o)/$C2o > $dS)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C3 - $C3o) > $dS)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+end
+
+macro test1rev
+ $PASS = 1
+ break -auto off
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = 5 / (1 + exp(-(x - 3)/4))
+
+ $C0 = 1
+ $C1 = 2
+ $C2 = 10
+ $C3 = 1
+ set dy = sqrt(abs(y))
+
+ vsigmoid -r -q x y dy yfit
+ lim x y; clear; box; plot -x 1 -c black x y; plot -c red x yfit
+ # cursor
+
+ if (abs($C0 - 0.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C1 - 3.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C2 - 5.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C3 - 0.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+end
+
+# noise of 0.1
+macro test2rev
+ $PASS = 1
+ break -auto off
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = 50 + 1000 / (1 + exp(-(x - 3)/2))
+ set dy = (rnd(y) - 0.5)/0.5
+ set y = y + dy
+
+ $C0 = 2
+ $C1 = 3
+ $C2 = 900
+ $C3 = 1
+
+ vsigmoid -r -q x y dy yfit
+ lim x y; clear; box; plot -x 1 -c black x y; plot -c red x yfit
+ # cursor
+
+ if (abs($C0 - 0.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C1 - 3.0) > 0.01)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C2 - 1000.0) > 0.1)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C3 - 0.0) > 0.1)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+end
+
+# poisson-distributed noise
+macro test3rev
+ $PASS = 1
+ break -auto off
+
+ $C0o = 3
+ $C1o = 2
+ $C2o = 20
+ $C3o = -2
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = $C3o + $C2o / (1 + exp(-(x - $C0o)/$C1o))
+
+ gaussdev dY y[] 0.0 1.0
+ set dy = dY * sqrt(abs(y))
+ set y = y + dy
+
+ $C0 = $C0o + 2
+ $C1 = $C1o + 2
+ $C2 = $C2o + 50
+ $C3 = $C3o + 10
+
+ vsigmoid -r -q x y dy yfit
+ lim x y; clear; box; plot -x 1 -c black x y; plot -c red x yfit
+ # cursor
+
+ $dS = 3.0 / sqrt(y[])
+
+ if (abs($C0 - $C0o) > $dS)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C1 - $C1o)/$C1o > $dS)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C2 - $C2o)/$C2o > $dS)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+ if (abs($C3 - $C3o) > $dS)
+   $PASS = 0
+ end
+end
+
+macro memtest1
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = 0 + 5 / (1 + exp((x - 3)/4))
+
+ $C0 = 1
+ $C1 = 2
+ $C2 = 10
+ $C3 = 1
+ set dy = sqrt(y)
+ set yfit = zero(y)
+
+ $i = 0
+
+ memory check
+ for i 0 1000
+   vsigmoid -q x y dy yfit
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+end
+
+macro memtest2
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ set y = 0 + 5 / (1 + exp((x - 3)/4))
+
+ $C0 = 1
+ $C1 = 2
+ $C2 = 10
+ $C3 = 1
+ set dy = sqrt(y)
+ set yfit = zero(y)
+
+ $i = 0
+
+ memory check
+ for i 0 1000
+   vsigmoid -q -r x y dy yfit
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+end
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/vstat.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/vstat.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/test/vstat.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+macro memtest1
+
+ # preset variables so memory usage does not change
+ $PMIN = -10
+ $PMAX = 9.9
+ $MIN = -10
+ $MAX = 9.9
+ $MEDIAN = -0.1097
+ $MEAN = -0.05
+ $MODE = -10
+ $TOTAL = -10
+ $NPIX = 200
+ $NPTS = 200
+ $NUSED = 200
+ $SIGMA = 5.7879184514
+
+ create x -10 10 0.1
+ $i = 0
+
+ memory check
+ for i 0 1000
+   vstat -q x
+ end
+ memory check
+   
+end
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/threshold.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/threshold.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/threshold.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -25,4 +25,14 @@
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
     BinMax = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  float ValMin = NAN;
+  float ValMax = NAN;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-vrange"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    ValMin = atof (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    ValMax = atof (argv[N]);
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
   }
@@ -64,4 +74,16 @@
   }
 
+  // ValMin, ValMax not compatible with BinMin, BinMax
+  if (isfinite(ValMin)) {
+    int binTest = ohana_bisection_double (vecx[0].elements.Flt, vecx[0].Nelements, ValMin);
+    BinMin = (vecx[0].elements.Flt[binTest+1] == ValMin) ? binTest : binTest + 1;
+    // XXX dangerous: check that this does not run off the end, etc
+  }
+  if (isfinite(ValMax)) {
+    int binTest = ohana_bisection_double (vecx[0].elements.Flt, vecx[0].Nelements, ValMax);
+    BinMax = (vecx[0].elements.Flt[binTest+1] == ValMax) ? binTest : binTest + 1;
+    // XXX dangerous: check that this does not run off the end, etc
+  }
+
   // use bisection to find the value
 
@@ -71,4 +93,13 @@
 
   if (!REVERSE) {
+    // this algorithm assumes vecy[BinMax] > threshold, vecy[BinMin] < threshold
+    if (vecy[0].elements.Flt[BinMin] > value) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "ERROR: all values above threshold\n");
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    if (vecy[0].elements.Flt[BinMax] < value) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "ERROR: all values below threshold\n");
+      return FALSE;
+    }
     while (Nhi - Nlo > 10) {
       N = 0.5*(Nlo + Nhi);
@@ -89,4 +120,13 @@
     }
   } else {
+    // this algorithm assumes vecy[BinMin] > threshold, vecy[BinMax] < threshold
+    if (vecy[0].elements.Flt[BinMin] < value) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "ERROR: all values below threshold\n");
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    if (vecy[0].elements.Flt[BinMax] > value) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "ERROR: all values above threshold\n");
+      return FALSE;
+    }
     while (Nhi - Nlo > 10) {
       N = 0.5*(Nlo + Nhi);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vgauss.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vgauss.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vgauss.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@
 /* local private functions */
 opihi_flt fgaussOD (opihi_flt, opihi_flt *, int, opihi_flt *);
+int vgauss_apply (int argc, char **argv);
 
 # define GET_VAR(V,A) \
@@ -20,4 +21,10 @@
   Vector *xvec, *yvec, *svec, *ovec;
   char *c, name[16];
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-apply"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    int status = vgauss_apply (argc, argv);
+    return status;
+  }
 
   Quiet = FALSE;
@@ -104,4 +111,6 @@
   }  
   if (!Quiet) gprint (GP_ERR, "%d iterations\n", i); 
+  set_variable ("Chisq", chisq);
+  set_variable ("ChisqNu", chisq / (float) (Npts - Npar));
 
   for (i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
@@ -125,4 +134,38 @@
 }
 
+int vgauss_apply (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  opihi_flt par[4];
+  Vector *xvec, *ovec;
+  char *c;
+
+  // NOTE: -apply has already been stripped by vgauss call
+  if (argc != 3) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: vgauss -apply <x> <out>\n");
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+  
+  if ((xvec = SelectVector (argv[1], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((ovec = SelectVector (argv[2], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+
+  CastVector (xvec, OPIHI_FLT);
+
+  GET_VAR (par[0], "C0");
+  GET_VAR (par[1], "C1");
+  GET_VAR (par[2], "C2");
+  GET_VAR (par[3], "C3");
+  int Npar = 4;
+
+  int Npts = xvec[0].Nelements;
+  ResetVector (ovec, OPIHI_FLT, Npts);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+    ovec[0].elements.Flt[i] = fgaussOD (xvec[0].elements.Flt[i], par, Npar, NULL);
+  }
+  ovec[0].Nelements = Npts;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
 /* pars: x_o, sigma, I, back */
 opihi_flt fgaussOD (opihi_flt x, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, opihi_flt *dpar) {
@@ -135,8 +178,10 @@
   f = par[2]*r + par[3];
 
-  dpar[0] = par[2]*r*z/par[1];
-  dpar[1] = par[2]*r*z*z/par[1];
-  dpar[2] = r;
-  dpar[3] = 1;
+  if (dpar) {
+    dpar[0] = par[2]*r*z/par[1];
+    dpar[1] = par[2]*r*z*z/par[1];
+    dpar[2] = r;
+    dpar[3] = 1;
+  }
   
   return (f);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/virls.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/virls.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/virls.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+double opihi_irls_mean_dbl (double *val, double *wgt, int N, int *Converged);
+double weight_cauchy_square_dbl (double x2);
+
+# define IRLS_TOLERANCE 1e-4
+
+int virls (int argc, char **argv) {
+  
+  if (argc != 3) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: virls (values) (sigmas)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "NOTE: sigmas with abs values < %e will be truncated to that value\n", FLT_MIN);
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+
+  Vector *value, *sigma;
+
+  if ((value = SelectVector (argv[1], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((sigma = SelectVector (argv[2], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+
+  if (value->Nelements != sigma->Nelements) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "vectors are not the same length\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  if (value->type != OPIHI_FLT) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "%s is not a floating point vector\n", argv[1]);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  if (sigma->type != OPIHI_FLT) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "%s is not a floating point vector\n", argv[2]);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (val, opihi_flt, value->Nelements);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (wgt, opihi_flt, value->Nelements);
+
+  int N = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < value->Nelements; i++) {
+    if (!isfinite(value->elements.Flt[i])) continue;
+
+    double s = sigma->elements.Flt[i];
+    if (!isfinite(s)) continue;
+
+    if (fabs(s) < FLT_MIN) s = FLT_MIN;
+
+    val[N] = value->elements.Flt[i];
+    wgt[N] = 1.0 / SQ(s);
+    N ++;
+  }
+
+  int converged = TRUE;
+  double Value = opihi_irls_mean_dbl (val, wgt, N, &converged);
+
+  set_variable ("WTMEAN",     Value);
+  set_int_variable ("NUSED", N);
+  set_int_variable ("CONVERGED", converged);
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+double opihi_irls_mean_dbl (double *val, double *wgt, int N, int *Converged) {
+
+  // calculate weighted mean
+  double S1 = 0.0, S2 = 0.0;
+  for (int n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+    S1 += wgt[n] * val[n];
+    S2 += wgt[n];
+  }
+  double Value = S1 / S2;
+  
+  int converged = FALSE;
+  for (int i = 0; (i < 10) && !converged; i++) {
+    double ValueLast = Value;
+
+    double S1 = 0.0, S2 = 0.0;
+
+    // calculate weight modification based on distances (squared).
+    // use modifier to calculate new weighted mean
+    for (int n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+      double dV = (val[n] - Value);
+      double d2 = SQ(dV) * wgt[n];
+      
+      double Mod = weight_cauchy_square_dbl (d2);
+      S1 += Mod * wgt[n] * val[n];
+      S2 += Mod * wgt[n];
+      fprintf (stderr, "%f %f : %f %f : %f\n", val[n], wgt[n], dV, sqrt(d2), Mod);
+    }
+    Value = S1 / S2;
+
+    double delta = fabs(Value - ValueLast);
+    if (delta < Value * IRLS_TOLERANCE) converged = TRUE;
+
+    // XXX if the answer is close to zero, we might not converge
+  }
+  *Converged = converged;
+  return Value;
+}
+
+# define CAUCY_FACTOR 1.0
+
+double weight_cauchy_square_dbl (double x2) {
+  double r2 = x2 / CAUCY_FACTOR;
+  return (1.0 / (1.0 + r2));
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vsigmoid.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vsigmoid.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vsigmoid.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+typedef opihi_flt FitFunc (opihi_flt, opihi_flt *, int, opihi_flt *);
+
+/* local private functions */
+opihi_flt fsigmoidOD (opihi_flt, opihi_flt *, int, opihi_flt *);
+opihi_flt rsigmoidOD (opihi_flt, opihi_flt *, int, opihi_flt *);
+
+# define GET_VAR(V,A) {					\
+    char *c = get_variable (A);				\
+    if (c == NULL) {					\
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "missing fit parameter A\n");	\
+      return (FALSE);					\
+    }							\
+    V = atof (c);					\
+    free (c); }
+
+// XXX this fitting function works but fails if the input vectors have NANs
+int vsigmoid (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  int N;
+  Vector *xvec, *yvec, *svec, *ovec;
+
+  FitFunc *FUNC = fsigmoidOD;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-r"))) {
+    FUNC = rsigmoidOD;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-rev"))) {
+    FUNC = rsigmoidOD;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  int Quiet = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-q"))) {
+    Quiet = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-quiet"))) {
+    Quiet = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  if (argc != 5) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: vsigmoid [-q] [-r] [-rev] <x> <y> <dy> (out)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  <dy> may be the words 'con[stant]' or 'poi[sson]', in which case the error is constructed'\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, " uses guesses: C0 (center), C1 (sigma), C2 (top), C3 (bottom)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, " forward sigmoid : bottom + top / (1 + exp(-z)), z = (x - center) / sigma\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, " -r / -rev : reverse sigmoid : bottom + top / (1 + exp(z))\n");
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+  
+  if ((xvec = SelectVector (argv[1], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((yvec = SelectVector (argv[2], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((ovec = SelectVector (argv[4], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+
+  CastVector (xvec, OPIHI_FLT);
+  CastVector (yvec, OPIHI_FLT);
+
+  int Nsvec = strlen(argv[3]);
+
+  if ((Nsvec >= 3) && (!strncasecmp ("poisson", argv[3], Nsvec) || !strncasecmp ("constant", argv[3], Nsvec))) {
+    svec = SelectVector ("vsigmoid_err", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);
+    if (svec == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    MatchVector (svec, xvec, OPIHI_FLT);
+    opihi_flt *v1 = svec[0].elements.Flt;
+    opihi_flt *v2 = yvec[0].elements.Flt;
+    if (!strncasecmp ("poisson", argv[3], Nsvec)) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < svec[0].Nelements; i++) {
+	v1[i] = (isfinite(v2[i]) && (v2[i] > 0)) ? sqrt(v2[i]) : 1.0;
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < svec[0].Nelements; i++) {
+	v1[i] = 1.0;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if ((svec = SelectVector (argv[3], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  }
+
+  CastVector (svec, OPIHI_FLT);
+  // XXX Cast is failing.
+
+  int Npts = xvec[0].Nelements;
+  ResetVector (ovec, OPIHI_FLT, Npts);
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (dy, opihi_flt, Npts);
+
+  opihi_flt par[4];
+  GET_VAR (par[0], "C0");
+  GET_VAR (par[1], "C1");
+  GET_VAR (par[2], "C2");
+  GET_VAR (par[3], "C3");
+  int Npar = 4;
+
+  // mrqmin takes the inverse variance (do not generate NANs)
+  opihi_flt *v1 = svec[0].elements.Flt;
+  opihi_flt *v2 = dy;
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++, v1++, v2++) {
+      *v2 = (*v1 == 0.0) ? 0.0 : 1.0 / (*v1 * *v1);
+  } 
+  
+  opihi_flt ochisq = mrqinit (xvec[0].elements.Flt, yvec[0].elements.Flt, dy, Npts, par, Npar, FUNC, !Quiet);
+  opihi_flt dchisq = ochisq + 2*Npts;
+
+  int Niter;
+  for (Niter = 0; (Niter < 20) && ((dchisq > 0.1*(Npts - Npar)) || (dchisq <= 0.0)); Niter++) {
+    opihi_flt chisq = mrqmin (xvec[0].elements.Flt, yvec[0].elements.Flt, dy, Npts, par, Npar, FUNC, !Quiet);
+    dchisq = ochisq - chisq;
+    ochisq = chisq;
+    if (!Quiet) gprint (GP_ERR, "dchisq: %f, Ndof: %d\n", dchisq, Npts - Npar);
+  }  
+  if (!Quiet) gprint (GP_ERR, "%d iterations\n", Niter); 
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+    ovec[0].elements.Flt[i] = FUNC (xvec[0].elements.Flt[i], par, Npar, dy);
+  }
+  ovec[0].Nelements = Npts;
+  /* set output *before* variable renomalization */
+
+  opihi_flt **covar = mrqcovar (Npar);
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npar; i++) {
+    char name[16];
+    sprintf (name, "C%d", i);
+    set_variable (name, par[i]);
+    if (!Quiet) gprint (GP_ERR, "%d  %f  %f\n", i, par[i], sqrt(covar[i][i]));
+    sprintf (name, "dC%d", i);
+    set_variable (name, sqrt(covar[i][i]));
+  }
+
+  free (dy);
+  mrqfree (Npar);
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+/* pars: x_o, sigma, top, bottom */
+opihi_flt rsigmoidOD (opihi_flt x, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, opihi_flt *dpar) {
+  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(Npar);
+
+  double z = (x - par[0])/par[1];
+  double r = exp (z);
+  double s = 1 + r;
+  double q = 1 / s;
+  double f = par[2]*q + par[3];
+
+  // df/dp0 = df/dq * dq/dr * dr/dz * dz/dp0
+  // df/dq  = par[2]
+  // dq/ds  = -s^-2 = -q/s
+  // ds/dr  = 1
+  // dr/dz  = r
+  // dz/dp0 = -1 / par[1]
+  // dz/dp1 = -z / par[1]
+
+  // df/dp0 = par[2]*(-q/s)*r*(-1/par[1]) = par[2]*q*r/(s*par[1])
+  // df/dp1 = par[2]*(-q/s)*r*(-z/par[1]) = par[2]*q*r*z/(s*par[1])
+
+  dpar[0] = par[2]*q*r/(s*par[1]); 
+  dpar[1] = dpar[0]*z;
+  dpar[2] = q;
+  dpar[3] = 1;
+  
+  return (f);
+}
+
+/* pars: x_o, sigma, top, bottom */
+opihi_flt fsigmoidOD (opihi_flt x, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, opihi_flt *dpar) {
+  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(Npar);
+
+  double z = (x - par[0])/par[1];
+  double r = exp (-z);
+  double s = 1 + r;
+  double q = 1 / s;
+  double f = par[2]*q + par[3];
+
+  // df/dp0 = df/dq * dq/dr * dr/dz * dz/dp0
+  // df/dq  = par[2]
+  // dq/ds  = -s^-2 = -q/s
+  // ds/dr  = 1
+  // dr/dz  = -r
+  // dz/dp0 = -1 / par[1]
+  // dz/dp1 = -z / par[1]
+
+  // df/dp0 = -par[2]*(-q/s)*r*(-1/par[1]) = par[2]*q*r/(s*par[1])
+  // df/dp1 = -par[2]*(-q/s)*r*(-z/par[1]) = par[2]*q*r*z/(s*par[1])
+
+  dpar[0] = -par[2]*q*r/(s*par[1]); 
+  dpar[1] = dpar[0]*z;
+  dpar[2] = q;
+  dpar[3] = 1;
+  
+  return (f);
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vtransitions.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vtransitions.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vtransitions.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+static int isFltX = FALSE;
+static int isFltY = FALSE;
+static double interpolate_position (Vector *vecx, Vector *vecy, int bin, float value);
+
+int vtransitions (int argc, char **argv) {
+  
+  int N;
+  Vector *vecx, *vecy, *outbin, *outval, *outpos;
+
+  int QUIET = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-q"))) {
+    QUIET = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  int UP_TRANSITIONS = TRUE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-dn"))) {
+    UP_TRANSITIONS = FALSE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-down"))) {
+    UP_TRANSITIONS = FALSE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-up"))) {
+    UP_TRANSITIONS = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  int BinMin = -1;
+  int BinMax = -1;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-range"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    BinMin = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    BinMax = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  if (argc != 4) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: vtransitions <x> <y> (value) (-up|-down,-dn) [-q] [-range BinMin BinMax]\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  find the x coordinates at which we pass the specified value going up\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  -q : quiet mode\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  -r : reverse (find downward transition)\n");
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+  
+  if ((vecx = SelectVector (argv[1], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((vecy = SelectVector (argv[2], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if (vecx[0].Nelements != vecy[0].Nelements) return FALSE;
+  int Nelements = vecx[0].Nelements;
+  
+  if ((outbin = SelectVector ("vtr_bin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE); // bins containing transitions
+  if ((outval = SelectVector ("vtr_val", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE); // value of bins containing transitions
+  if ((outpos = SelectVector ("vtr_pos", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE); // interpolated coordinate of transitions
+
+  double value = atof (argv[3]);
+  
+  isFltX = (vecx[0].type == OPIHI_FLT);
+  isFltY = (vecy[0].type == OPIHI_FLT);
+
+  // BinMin = -1 -> range not provide
+  if (BinMin == -1) {
+    BinMin = 0;
+    BinMax = Nelements - 1;
+  } else {
+    if ((BinMin >= vecx[0].Nelements) || (BinMin < -1*vecx[0].Nelements)) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "vector subscript out of range\n"); 
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    if (BinMin < 0) BinMin += vecx[0].Nelements;
+    if ((BinMax >= vecx[0].Nelements) || (BinMax < -1*vecx[0].Nelements)) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "vector subscript out of range\n"); 
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    if (BinMax < 0) BinMax += vecx[0].Nelements;
+  }
+
+  int Nout = 0;
+  int NOUT = 100;
+  ResetVector (outbin, OPIHI_INT,    NOUT);
+  ResetVector (outval, vecy[0].type, NOUT);
+  ResetVector (outpos, OPIHI_FLT,    NOUT);
+  
+  // starting disposition
+  int isUp = isFltY ? (vecy[0].elements.Flt[BinMin] > value) : (vecy[0].elements.Int[BinMin] > value);
+
+  for (int i = BinMin; i <= BinMax; i++) {
+    double testval = isFltY ? vecy[0].elements.Flt[i] : vecy[0].elements.Int[i];
+    if (isUp && (testval < value)) {
+      isUp = FALSE;
+      if (!UP_TRANSITIONS) {
+	// save this value
+	outbin->elements.Int[Nout] = i;
+	if (isFltY) {
+	  outval->elements.Flt[Nout] = testval;
+	} else {
+	  outval->elements.Int[Nout] = testval;
+	}
+	outpos->elements.Flt[Nout] = interpolate_position (vecx, vecy, i, value);
+	Nout ++;
+	if (Nout == NOUT) {
+	  NOUT += 100;
+	  ResetVector (outbin, OPIHI_INT,    NOUT);
+	  ResetVector (outval, vecy[0].type, NOUT);
+	  ResetVector (outpos, OPIHI_FLT,    NOUT);
+	}
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!isUp && (testval > value)) {
+      isUp = TRUE;
+      if (UP_TRANSITIONS) {
+	// save this value
+	outbin->elements.Int[Nout] = i;
+	if (isFltY) {
+	  outval->elements.Flt[Nout] = testval;
+	} else {
+	  outval->elements.Int[Nout] = testval;
+	}
+	outpos->elements.Flt[Nout] = interpolate_position (vecx, vecy, i, value);
+	Nout ++;
+	if (Nout == NOUT) {
+	  NOUT += 100;
+	  ResetVector (outbin, OPIHI_INT,    NOUT);
+	  ResetVector (outval, vecy[0].type, NOUT);
+	  ResetVector (outpos, OPIHI_FLT,    NOUT);
+	}
+      }    
+    }
+  }
+
+  ResetVector (outbin, OPIHI_INT,    Nout);
+  ResetVector (outval, vecy[0].type, Nout);
+  ResetVector (outpos, OPIHI_FLT,    Nout);
+
+  if (!QUIET) gprint (GP_LOG, "found %d transitions\n", Nout);
+
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+static double interpolate_position (Vector *vecx, Vector *vecy, int bin, float value) {
+
+  double x0, x1, y0, y1, Xvalue;
+
+  if (vecy[0].Nelements == 0) return NAN;
+  if (vecy[0].Nelements == 1) return isFltY ? vecy[0].elements.Flt[0] : vecy[0].elements.Int[0];
+
+  if (bin == 0) {
+    // interpolate to value:
+    y0 = isFltY ? vecy[0].elements.Flt[bin] : vecy[0].elements.Int[bin];
+    y1 = isFltY ? vecy[0].elements.Flt[bin+1]   : vecy[0].elements.Int[bin+1];
+    x0 = isFltX ? vecx[0].elements.Flt[bin] : vecy[0].elements.Int[bin];
+    x1 = isFltX ? vecx[0].elements.Flt[bin+1]   : vecy[0].elements.Int[bin+1];
+    if (y0 == y1) {
+      Xvalue = 0.5*(x0 + x1);
+    } else {
+      Xvalue = (value - y0) * (x1 - x0) / (y1 - y0) + x0;
+    }    
+  } else {
+    // interpolate to value:
+    y0 = isFltY ? vecy[0].elements.Flt[bin-1] : vecy[0].elements.Int[bin-1];
+    y1 = isFltY ? vecy[0].elements.Flt[bin]   : vecy[0].elements.Int[bin];
+    x0 = isFltX ? vecx[0].elements.Flt[bin-1] : vecy[0].elements.Int[bin-1];
+    x1 = isFltX ? vecx[0].elements.Flt[bin]   : vecy[0].elements.Int[bin];
+    if (y0 == y1) {
+      Xvalue = 0.5*(x0 + x1);
+    } else {
+      Xvalue = (value - y0) * (x1 - x0) / (y1 - y0) + x0;
+    }
+  }
+  return Xvalue;
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vwtmean.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vwtmean.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/vwtmean.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+double opihi_wt_mean_dbl (double *val, double *wgt, int N, double *Sigma);
+
+int vwtmean (int argc, char **argv) {
+  
+  if (argc != 3) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: vwtmean (values) (sigmas)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "NOTE: sigmas with abs values < %e will be truncated to that value\n", FLT_MIN);
+    return (FALSE);
+  }
+
+  Vector *value, *sigma;
+
+  if ((value = SelectVector (argv[1], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((sigma = SelectVector (argv[2], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+
+  if (value->Nelements != sigma->Nelements) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "vectors are not the same length\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  if (value->type != OPIHI_FLT) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "%s is not a floating point vector\n", argv[1]);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  if (sigma->type != OPIHI_FLT) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "%s is not a floating point vector\n", argv[2]);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (val, opihi_flt, value->Nelements);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (wgt, opihi_flt, value->Nelements);
+
+  int N = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < value->Nelements; i++) {
+    if (!isfinite(value->elements.Flt[i])) continue;
+
+    double s = sigma->elements.Flt[i];
+    if (!isfinite(s)) continue;
+
+    if (fabs(s) < FLT_MIN) s = FLT_MIN;
+
+    val[N] = value->elements.Flt[i];
+    wgt[N] = 1.0 / SQ(s);
+    N ++;
+  }
+
+  double Sigma = NAN;
+  double Value = opihi_wt_mean_dbl (val, wgt, N, &Sigma);
+
+  set_variable ("WTMEAN",     Value);
+  set_variable ("WTSIGMA",    Sigma);
+  set_int_variable ("NUSED", N);
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+double opihi_wt_mean_dbl (double *val, double *wgt, int N, double *Sigma) {
+
+  // calculate weighted mean
+  double S1 = 0.0, S2 = 0.0;
+  for (int n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+    S1 += wgt[n] * val[n];
+    S2 += wgt[n];
+  }
+  double Value = S1 / S2;
+  *Sigma = 1.0 / S2;
+  
+  return Value;
+}
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/write_vectors.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/write_vectors.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/cmd.data/write_vectors.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -32,12 +32,23 @@
   }
 
-  /* option generate a FITS output table */
+  // option generate a FITS output table (FITS holds the filename) 
+  // in FITS output context, -header is interpretted as a buffer containing
+  // header keywords to supplement the FITS table header
   char *FITS = NULL;
+  Header *fitsheader = NULL;
+  Buffer *headbuffer = NULL;
   if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-fits"))) {
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
     FITS = strcreate (argv[N]);
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
-
+
+    if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-header"))) {
+      remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+      if ((headbuffer = SelectBuffer (argv[N], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+      fitsheader = &headbuffer->header;
+      remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    }
+  }
+  
   /* option generate a FITS output table */
   int CSV = FALSE;
@@ -124,5 +135,5 @@
 
   if (FITS) {
-    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (argv[1], FITS, vec, Nvec, append, compress, format, Ntile);
+    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (argv[1], FITS, fitsheader, vec, Nvec, append, compress, format, Ntile);
     free (vec);
     return status;
@@ -260,4 +271,6 @@
     gprint (GP_ERR, "  -append : write to the end of the existing file\n");
     gprint (GP_ERR, "  -fits NAME : write a fits table (extention name is NAME, column names match vector names)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "     in FITS output context, -header takes an additional argument which is interpretted\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "     as a buffer containing header keywords to supplement the FITS table header\n");
     gprint (GP_ERR, "  -csv : write a comma-separated values file (eg, to read in excel)\n");
     gprint (GP_ERR, "  -f \"format\" : provide formatting codes for output:\n");
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/Makefile
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/Makefile	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/Makefile	(revision 41170)
@@ -67,4 +67,5 @@
 $(SRC)/gstar.$(ARCH).o		  	\
 $(SRC)/hosts.$(ARCH).o	  	\
+$(SRC)/cimages.$(ARCH).o	  	\
 $(SRC)/images.$(ARCH).o	  	\
 $(SRC)/imbox.$(ARCH).o		  	\
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avextract.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avextract.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avextract.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -272,5 +272,5 @@
   // write vectors to a table (this is used by parallel dvo operations, but can be used elsewhere)
   if (RESULT_FILE && !SKIP_RESULTS) {
-    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", vec, Nreturn, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", NULL, vec, Nreturn, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
     if (!status) {
       goto escape;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avmatch.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avmatch.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avmatch.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -114,5 +114,5 @@
 
       CoordsFile = abspath("coords.fits", 1024);
-      int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (CoordsFile, "COORDS", vec, 2, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+      int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (CoordsFile, "COORDS", NULL, vec, 2, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
       if (!status) goto escape;
     }
@@ -301,5 +301,5 @@
       vec[i][0].Nelements = Nfound;
     }
-    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", vec, Nfields + 1, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", NULL, vec, Nfields + 1, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
     free (vec[Nfields]->elements.Int);
     free (vec[Nfields]);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avperiodomatch.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avperiodomatch.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avperiodomatch.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 
       CoordsFile = abspath("coords.fits", 1024);
-      int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (CoordsFile, "COORDS", vec, 2, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+      int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (CoordsFile, "COORDS", NULL, vec, 2, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
       if (!status) goto escape;
       free (vec);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avselect.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avselect.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/avselect.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -132,5 +132,5 @@
 
       CoordsFile = abspath("coords.fits", 1024);
-      int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (CoordsFile, "COORDS", vec, 2, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+      int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (CoordsFile, "COORDS", NULL, vec, 2, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
       if (!status) goto escape;
     }
@@ -327,5 +327,5 @@
       vec[NfieldsOut-1] = RADvec;
     }
-    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", vec, NfieldsOut, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", NULL, vec, NfieldsOut, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
     if (!status) goto escape;
   }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/cimages.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/cimages.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/cimages.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+# include "dvoshell.h"
+# define BETA 0.41421
+
+int wordhash (char *word);
+
+int cimages (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  off_t i, Nimage, Nmosaic;
+  int j, status, InPic, leftside, TimeSelect, ByName;
+  int WITH_MOSAIC, SOLO_MOSAIC;
+  time_t tzero, tend;
+  int n, N, NPTS, Npts, kapa, *foundMosaic;
+  Vector Xvec, Yvec, Zvec;
+  double r[8], d[8], x[8], y[8], Rmin, Rmax, Rmid, trange, Radius;
+  Image *image;
+  Graphdata graphmode;
+  char name[256];
+  int typehash;
+  PhotCode *photcode;
+  int Nsec, photcodeEquiv;
+
+  if (!InitPhotcodes ()) return (FALSE);
+  if (!style_args (&graphmode, &argc, argv, &kapa)) goto usage;
+
+  WITH_MOSAIC = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "+mosaic"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    WITH_MOSAIC = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  SOLO_MOSAIC = FALSE;
+  foundMosaic = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-mosaic"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    SOLO_MOSAIC = TRUE;
+    WITH_MOSAIC = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  // int HIDDEN = FALSE;
+  // if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-hidden"))) {
+  //   remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  //   HIDDEN = TRUE;
+  // }
+
+  photcode = NULL;
+  photcodeEquiv = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-p"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    photcode = GetPhotcodebyName (argv[N]);
+    if (photcode == NULL) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "photcode %s not found\n", argv[N]);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Nsec = GetPhotcodeNsec (photcode->code);
+    if (Nsec != -1) photcodeEquiv = TRUE;
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-photcode"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    photcode = GetPhotcodebyName (argv[N]);
+    if (photcode == NULL) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "photcode %s not found\n", argv[N]);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Nsec = GetPhotcodeNsec (photcode->code);
+    if (Nsec != -1) photcodeEquiv = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  ByName = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-name"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    strcpy (name, argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    ByName = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  Radius = 45;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-radius"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Radius = atof (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  TimeSelect = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-time"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if (!ohana_str_to_time (argv[N], &tzero)) {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "syntax error\n");
+      goto usage;
+    }
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if (!ohana_str_to_dtime (argv[N], &trange)) { 
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "syntax error\n");
+      goto usage;
+    }
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if (trange < 0) {
+      trange = fabs (trange);
+      tzero -= trange;
+    }
+    TimeSelect = TRUE;
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-trange"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if (!ohana_str_to_time (argv[N], &tzero)) { 
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "syntax error\n");
+      goto usage;
+    }
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if (!ohana_str_to_time (argv[N], &tend)) { 
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "syntax error\n");
+      goto usage;
+    }
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    trange = tend - tzero;
+    if (trange < 0) {
+      trange = fabs (trange);
+      tzero -= trange;
+    }
+    TimeSelect = TRUE;
+  }
+ 
+  if (argc != 3) goto usage;
+  float vmin = atof (argv[1]);
+  float vmax = atof (argv[2]);
+
+  /* it is not an error for the database not to have any images */
+  if ((image = LoadImagesDVO (&Nimage)) == NULL) return (TRUE);
+  // BuildChipMatch (image, Nimage);
+
+  if (SOLO_MOSAIC && photcode) {
+    ALLOCATE(foundMosaic, int, Nimage);
+    memset(foundMosaic, 0, Nimage*sizeof(int));
+  }
+
+  Rmin = graphmode.coords.crval1 - 180.0;
+  Rmax = graphmode.coords.crval1 + 180.0;
+  Rmid = 0.5*(Rmin + Rmax);
+  
+  int DistortImage = wordhash ("-DIS");
+  int ChipImage    = wordhash ("-WRP");
+  int TriangleUp   = wordhash ("TRP-");
+  int TriangleDn   = wordhash ("TRM-");
+  int TrianglePts  = wordhash ("TRI-");
+
+  NPTS = 200;
+  SetVector (&Xvec, OPIHI_FLT, NPTS);
+  SetVector (&Yvec, OPIHI_FLT, NPTS);
+  SetVector (&Zvec, OPIHI_FLT, NPTS);
+
+  Image *mosaic = NULL;
+
+  /******** stage 1 : find the images to plot *********/
+
+  n = 0; // tracks number of images
+  N = 0; // tracks number of vertices
+  for (i = 0; i < Nimage; i++) {
+    if (ByName && strncmp (image[i].name, name, strlen(name))) continue;
+    if (TimeSelect && ((image[i].tzero < tzero) || (image[i].tzero+image[i].trate*image[i].NY > tzero + trange))) continue;
+
+    mosaic = image[i].parent;
+    Nmosaic = (SOLO_MOSAIC && mosaic) ? mosaic - image : -1;
+
+    if (photcode) {
+      if ( photcodeEquiv && (photcode[0].code != GetPhotcodeEquivCodebyCode(image[i].photcode))) continue;
+      if (!photcodeEquiv && (photcode[0].code != image[i].photcode)) continue;
+    }
+
+    Npts = 4;
+    status = TRUE;
+    leftside = FALSE;
+
+    typehash = wordhash (&image[i].coords.ctype[4]);
+
+    if (photcode && SOLO_MOSAIC && (Nmosaic >= 0)) {
+      // mosaic (DIS) images are not currently given a photcode : plot these via the WRP entries
+      /* DIS images represent a field, not a chip */
+      if (typehash != ChipImage) continue;
+      if (foundMosaic[Nmosaic]) continue;
+      x[0] = -0.5*mosaic->NX; y[0] = -0.5*mosaic->NY;
+      x[1] = +0.5*mosaic->NX; y[1] = -0.5*mosaic->NY;
+      x[2] = +0.5*mosaic->NX; y[2] = +0.5*mosaic->NY;
+      x[3] = -0.5*mosaic->NX; y[3] = +0.5*mosaic->NY;
+      for (j = 0; j < Npts; j++) {
+	status = XY_to_RD (&r[j], &d[j], x[j], y[j], &mosaic->coords);
+	if (!status) break;
+	r[j] = ohana_normalize_angle (r[j]);
+	while (r[j] < Rmin) { r[j] += 360.0; }
+	while (r[j] > Rmax) { r[j] -= 360.0; }
+	if (j == 0) {
+	  leftside = (r[j] < Rmid);
+	} 
+	if (j > 0) { 
+	  if ( leftside && (r[j] > Rmid + 90)) { r[j] -= 360.0; }
+	  if (!leftside && (r[j] < Rmid - 90)) { r[j] += 360.0; }
+	}
+      }
+      foundMosaic[Nmosaic] = TRUE;
+      goto plot_points;
+    }
+
+    /* DIS images represent a field, not a chip */
+    if ((typehash == DistortImage) && !WITH_MOSAIC) continue; // do not plot the mosaic images
+    if ((typehash != DistortImage) &&  SOLO_MOSAIC) continue; // plot only the mosaic images
+
+    if (typehash == DistortImage) {
+      x[0] = -0.5*image[i].NX; y[0] = -0.5*image[i].NY;
+      x[1] = +0.5*image[i].NX; y[1] = -0.5*image[i].NY;
+      x[2] = +0.5*image[i].NX; y[2] = +0.5*image[i].NY;
+      x[3] = -0.5*image[i].NX; y[3] = +0.5*image[i].NY;
+      goto got_type;
+    }
+
+    typehash = wordhash (image[i].coords.ctype);
+    if (typehash == TriangleUp) {
+      Npts = 3;
+      x[0] =                0; y[0] = +0.5*image[i].NY;
+      x[1] = +0.5*image[i].NX; y[1] = -0.5*image[i].NY;
+      x[2] = -0.5*image[i].NX; y[2] = -0.5*image[i].NY;
+      goto got_type;
+    }
+    if (typehash == TriangleDn) {
+      Npts = 3;
+      x[0] =                0; y[0] = -0.5*image[i].NY;
+      x[1] = +0.5*image[i].NX; y[1] = +0.5*image[i].NY;
+      x[2] = -0.5*image[i].NX; y[2] = +0.5*image[i].NY;
+      goto got_type;
+    }
+    // For 'TrianglePts' (TRI-), we are absurdly overloaded values otherwise not used
+    if (typehash == TrianglePts) {
+      Npts = 3;
+      x[0] = image[0].dXpixSys;      y[0] = image[0].dYpixSys;
+      x[1] = image[0].dMagSys;       y[1] = image[0].nFitAstrom;
+      x[2] = image[0].photom_map_id; y[2] = image[0].astrom_map_id;
+      goto got_type;
+    }
+
+    // default layout
+    {
+      x[0] = 0;           y[0] = 0;
+      x[1] = image[i].NX; y[1] = 0;
+      x[2] = image[i].NX; y[2] = image[i].NY;
+      x[3] = 0;           y[3] = image[i].NY;
+    }
+
+  got_type:
+
+    /**** project this image to screen display coords ****/
+
+    // check for boundary overlap?
+    for (j = 0; j < Npts; j++) {
+      status = XY_to_RD (&r[j], &d[j], x[j], y[j], &image[i].coords);
+      if (!status) break;
+      r[j] = ohana_normalize_angle (r[j]);
+      while (r[j] < Rmin) { r[j] += 360.0; }
+      while (r[j] > Rmax) { r[j] -= 360.0; }
+      if (j == 0) {
+	leftside = (r[j] < Rmid);
+      } 
+      if (j > 0) { 
+	if ( leftside && (r[j] > Rmid + 90)) { r[j] -= 360.0; }
+	if (!leftside && (r[j] < Rmid - 90)) { r[j] += 360.0; }
+      }
+    }
+
+   // extremely large-scale images with certain projections will have odd boundaries.
+    // eg, the ASCA images are essentially circles of radius ~60 degrees.  plot these as 
+    // octagons with some dummy size.
+    if (!status) {
+      int jp, xo, yo;
+      double rc, dc;
+      xo = 0.5*image[i].NX;
+      yo = 0.5*image[i].NY;
+      // is the image center on the screen?
+      status = XY_to_RD (&rc, &dc, 0.5*x[2], 0.5*y[2], &image[i].coords);
+      if (status && (image[i].NX * image[i].coords.cdelt2 > 90)) {
+	// draw an octagon with radius 45 degrees
+	double dX = Radius / image[i].coords.cdelt2;
+	x[0] = xo+dX;      y[0] = yo+BETA*dX;
+	x[1] = xo+BETA*dX; y[1] = yo+dX;
+	x[2] = xo-BETA*dX; y[2] = yo+dX;
+	x[3] = xo-dX;      y[3] = yo+BETA*dX;
+	x[4] = xo-dX;      y[4] = yo-BETA*dX;
+	x[5] = xo-BETA*dX; y[5] = yo-dX;
+	x[6] = xo+BETA*dX; y[6] = yo-dX;
+	x[7] = xo+dX;      y[7] = yo-BETA*dX;
+	Npts = 8;
+	j = 0;
+	for (jp = 0; jp < 8; jp++) {
+	  status = XY_to_RD (&r[j], &d[j], x[jp], y[jp], &image[i].coords);
+	  if (!status) continue;
+	  r[j] = ohana_normalize_angle (r[j]);
+	  while (r[j] < Rmin) { r[j] += 360.0; }
+	  while (r[j] > Rmax) { r[j] -= 360.0; }
+	  if (j == 0) {
+	    leftside = (r[j] < Rmid);
+	  } 
+	  if (j > 0) { 
+	    if ( leftside && (r[j] > Rmid + 90)) { r[j] -= 360.0; }
+	    if (!leftside && (r[j] < Rmid - 90)) { r[j] += 360.0; }
+	  }
+	  j++;
+	}
+	Npts = j;
+      } else {
+	continue;
+      }
+    }
+    if (Npts == 0) continue;
+
+  plot_points:
+
+    /**** transform corners to screen coordinates ******/
+
+    status = FALSE;
+    for (j = 0; j < Npts; j++) {
+      status |= RD_to_XY (&Xvec.elements.Flt[N+j], &Yvec.elements.Flt[N+j], r[j], d[j], &graphmode.coords);
+      Zvec.elements.Flt[N+j] = MIN(1.0, MAX(0.01, (image[i].exptime - vmin) / (vmax - vmin)));
+    }
+    if (!status) continue;
+    // if none of the points are on the visible side of the projection, do not plot the image
+
+    InPic = FALSE;
+    for (j = 0; j < Npts; j++) {
+      if ((Xvec.elements.Flt[N+j] >= graphmode.xmin) && 
+	  (Xvec.elements.Flt[N+j] <= graphmode.xmax) && 
+	  (Yvec.elements.Flt[N+j] >= graphmode.ymin) && 
+	  (Yvec.elements.Flt[N+j] <= graphmode.ymax))
+	InPic = TRUE;
+    }
+    // if (!status && HIDDEN) status = TRUE;
+    if (!InPic) continue;
+
+    n ++;
+    N += Npts;
+    if (N + 16 >= NPTS) {  /* need to leave room for 8 point image */
+      NPTS += 400;
+      REALLOCATE (Xvec.elements.Flt, opihi_flt, NPTS);
+      REALLOCATE (Yvec.elements.Flt, opihi_flt, NPTS);
+      REALLOCATE (Zvec.elements.Flt, opihi_flt, NPTS);
+    }
+  }
+
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "plotting %d images\n", n);
+  Xvec.Nelements = Yvec.Nelements = Zvec.Nelements = N;
+  if (N > 0) {
+    // XXX note that ptype limits us to plot only a single type of
+    // image in a single pass
+    graphmode.style = KAPA_PLOT_POLYFILL; /* points */
+    graphmode.ptype = Npts; /* connect pairs of points */
+    graphmode.etype = 0;
+    graphmode.size = -1; /* point size determined by Zvec */
+    graphmode.color = -1; // use z-vec for color
+    PlotVectorTriplet (kapa, &Xvec, &Yvec, &Zvec, NULL, &graphmode);
+//  PlotVectorPair (kapa, &Xvec, &Yvec, NULL, &graphmode);
+  }
+
+  FREE (Xvec.elements.Flt);
+  FREE (Yvec.elements.Flt);
+  FREE (Zvec.elements.Flt);
+  FreeImagesDVO (image);
+  FREE (foundMosaic);
+  return (TRUE);
+
+
+ usage:
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: cimage (vmin) (vmax) [options]\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "  +mosaic : show mosaic outline\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "  -mosaic : only mosaic outline\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "  -hidden : (deprecated)\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "  -name   : only names matching (start of name)\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "  -radius : display all-sky images with given radius octagon\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "  -time (start) (range)  : show images for time and interval\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "  -trange (start) (stop) : show images within time range\n");
+  return (FALSE);
+}
+
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/dvo_host_utils.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/dvo_host_utils.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/dvo_host_utils.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -233,5 +233,5 @@
   // write vectors to a table (this is used by parallel dvo operations, but can be used elsewhere)
   if (ResultFile) {
-    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (ResultFile, "RESULT", vec, Nvec, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (ResultFile, "RESULT", NULL, vec, Nvec, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
     if (!status) {
       gprint (GP_ERR, "failed to write result file %s\n", ResultFile);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/images.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/images.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/images.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
 
   off_t i, Nimage, Nmosaic;
-  int j, status, InPic, leftside, *plist, TimeSelect, ByName;
+  int j, status, InPic, leftside, TimeSelect, ByName;
+  // int *plist, n, npts; -- what is/was plist?
   int WITH_MOSAIC, SOLO_MOSAIC;
   time_t tzero, tend;
-  int N, NPTS, n, npts, Npts, kapa, *foundMosaic;
+  int n, N, NPTS, Npts, kapa, *foundMosaic;
   Vector Xvec, Yvec;
   double r[8], d[8], x[8], y[8], Rmin, Rmax, Rmid, trange, Radius;
@@ -148,5 +149,6 @@
   int TrianglePts  = wordhash ("TRI-");
 
-  npts = NPTS = 200;
+  // npts = 200
+  NPTS = 200;
   SetVector (&Xvec, OPIHI_FLT, NPTS);
   SetVector (&Yvec, OPIHI_FLT, NPTS);
@@ -154,6 +156,9 @@
   Image *mosaic = NULL;
 
-  ALLOCATE (plist, int, NPTS);
-  n = N = 0;
+  /******** stage 1 : find the images to plot *********/
+
+  // ALLOCATE (plist, int, NPTS);
+  n = 0; // tracks number of images
+  N = 0; // tracks number of vertices
   for (i = 0; i < Nimage; i++) {
     if (ByName && strncmp (image[i].name, name, strlen(name))) continue;
@@ -335,11 +340,12 @@
     if (!InPic) continue;
 
-    plist[n] = i;
-    n++;
-    if (n > npts - 1) {
-      npts += 200;
-      REALLOCATE (plist, int, npts);
-    }
-    N+=2*Npts;
+    // plist[n] = i;
+    // n++;
+    // if (n > npts - 1) {
+    //   npts += 200;
+    //   REALLOCATE (plist, int, npts);
+    // }
+    n ++;
+    N += 2*Npts;
     if (N + 16 >= NPTS) {  /* need to leave room for 8 point image */
       NPTS += 400;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/init.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/init.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/init.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -14,4 +14,5 @@
 int catdir_define   PROTO((int, char **));
 int ccd             PROTO((int, char **));
+int cimages         PROTO((int, char **));
 int cmatch          PROTO((int, char **));
 int cmd             PROTO((int, char **));
@@ -80,4 +81,5 @@
   {1, "catdir",      catdir_define,"re-define CATDIR"},
 //  {1, "ccd",         ccd,          "plot color-color diagram"},
+  {1, "cimages",     cimages,      "fill image boxes with a color"},
   {1, "cmatch",      cmatch,       "match two catalogs"},
 //  {1, "cmd",         cmd,          "plot cmd of stars in current region"},
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/mextract.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/mextract.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/mextract.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -352,5 +352,5 @@
   // write vectors to a table (this is used by parallel dvo operations, but can be used elsewhere)
   if (RESULT_FILE && !SKIP_RESULTS) {
-    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", vec, Nreturn, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", NULL, vec, Nreturn, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
     if (!status) goto escape;
   }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/mmatch.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/mmatch.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/dvo/mmatch.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -148,5 +148,5 @@
       // XXX this is now set for both cases...
       CoordsFile = abspath("coords.fits", 1024);
-      int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (CoordsFile, "COORDS", vec, 2, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+      int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (CoordsFile, "COORDS", NULL, vec, 2, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
       if (!status) goto escape;
     }
@@ -349,5 +349,5 @@
       vec[Nfields-1] = IDXvec;
     }
-    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", vec, Nfields, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+    int status = WriteVectorTableFITS (RESULT_FILE, "RESULT", NULL, vec, Nfields, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, 0);
     if (!status) goto escape;
   }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/include/data.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/include/data.h	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/include/data.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -48,5 +48,6 @@
   int Nx;
   int Ny;
-  float **buffers;
+  float **flx;
+  float **var;
 } MedImageType;
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/include/deimos.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/include/deimos.h	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/include/deimos.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@
 } DeimosResult;
 
-float     *deimos_make_model (opihi_flt *obj, opihi_flt *sky, opihi_flt *bck, Vector *psf, Vector *profile, Spline *trace, int Nx, int Ny, int row);
+float     *deimos_make_model (opihi_flt *obj, opihi_flt *sky, opihi_flt *bck, Vector *psf, Vector *profile, Spline *slit_trace_red, Spline *slit_trace_blu, float redlimit, Spline *psf_trace, int Nx, int Ny, int row);
 void       deimos_make_kernel (float stilt, int Nx);
 void       deimos_free_kernel ();
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 
 // internal to make_model:
-float     *deimos_make_straight_image (opihi_flt *obj, opihi_flt *sky, Vector *psf, int Nx, int Ny, int row);
+float     *deimos_make_straight_image (opihi_flt *obj, opihi_flt *sky, Vector *psf, Spline *psf_trace, int Nx, int Ny, int row);
 float     *deimos_apply_tilt (float *input, int Nx, int Ny);
 void       deimos_apply_profile (Vector *profile, float *out, int Nx, int Ny);
 void       deimos_add_background (opihi_flt *backgnd, float *out, int Nx, int Ny, int row);
-float     *deimos_apply_trace (Spline *trace, float *input, int Nx, int Ny, int row);
+float     *deimos_apply_trace (Spline *slit_trace_red, Spline *slit_trace_blu, float redlimit, float *input, int Nx, int Ny, int row);
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/include/dvomath.h
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/include/dvomath.h	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/include/dvomath.h	(revision 41170)
@@ -169,5 +169,5 @@
 
 /* vector IO functions */
-int           WriteVectorTableFITS  PROTO((char *filename, char *extname, Vector **vec, int Nvec, int append, char *compress, char *format, int Ntile));
+int           WriteVectorTableFITS  PROTO((char *filename, char *extname, Header *extraheader, Vector **vec, int Nvec, int append, char *compress, char *format, int Ntile));
 Vector      **ReadVectorTableFITS   PROTO((char *filename, char *extname, int *Nvec));
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/MedImageOps.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/MedImageOps.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/MedImageOps.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@
   free (medimage[0].name);
   for (i = 0; i < medimage[0].Ninput; i++) {
-    free (medimage[0].buffers[i]);
+    free (medimage[0].flx[i]);
+    FREE (medimage[0].var[i]);
   }
-  free (medimage[0].buffers);
+  free (medimage[0].flx);
+  free (medimage[0].var);
   free (medimage);
 }
@@ -75,5 +77,6 @@
   medimage->Nx = Nx;
   medimage->Ny = Ny;
-  ALLOCATE (medimage->buffers, float *, 1);
+  ALLOCATE (medimage->flx, float *, 1);
+  ALLOCATE (medimage->var, float *, 1);
 
   medimages[N] = medimage;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/SplineOps.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/SplineOps.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/SplineOps.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@
     ALLOCATE (spline[0].y2, opihi_flt, spline[0].Nknots);
   }
-  memset (spline[0].xk, 0, spline[0].Nknots * sizeof(opihi_flt));
-  memset (spline[0].yk, 0, spline[0].Nknots * sizeof(opihi_flt));
-  memset (spline[0].y2, 0, spline[0].Nknots * sizeof(opihi_flt));
+  if (spline[0].Nknots) {
+    memset (spline[0].xk, 0, spline[0].Nknots * sizeof(opihi_flt));
+    memset (spline[0].yk, 0, spline[0].Nknots * sizeof(opihi_flt));
+    memset (spline[0].y2, 0, spline[0].Nknots * sizeof(opihi_flt));
+  }
 }
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/open_kapa.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/open_kapa.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/open_kapa.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -266,4 +266,5 @@
 int close_kapa (char *name) {
 
+  struct timespec request, remain;
   int N;
 
@@ -274,4 +275,24 @@
   }
   DelKapaDevice (name);
+
+  // avoid blocking on waitpid, test every 1 msec, up to 500 msec
+  request.tv_sec = 0;
+  request.tv_nsec = 1000000;
+
+  // try to harvest the child PID
+  int waitstatus = 0;
+  int result = waitpid (-1, &waitstatus, WNOHANG);
+  for (int i = 0; (i < 500) && (result == 0); i++) {
+    nanosleep (&request, &remain);
+    result = waitpid (-1, &waitstatus, WNOHANG);
+  }
+
+  if ((result == -1) && (errno != ECHILD)) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "unexpected error from waitpid (%d): programming error\n", errno);
+  }
+  if (result == 0) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "child did not exit (close_kapa), timeout");
+  }
+
   return (TRUE);
 }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/spline.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/spline.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/spline.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@
   float dy, dx, *tmp;
   
+  // spline is not valid with < 3 points
+  if (N < 3) return;
+
   ALLOCATE (tmp, float, N);
 
@@ -69,4 +72,7 @@
   opihi_flt dy, dx, *tmp;
   
+  // spline is not valid with < 3 points
+  if (N < 3) return;
+
   ALLOCATE (tmp, opihi_flt, N);
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/starfuncs.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/starfuncs.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/starfuncs.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -75,4 +75,6 @@
   FWHMx = 2.355*sqrt (fabs(x2 / I - x*x));
   FWHMy = 2.355*sqrt (fabs(y2 / I - y*y));
+
+  fprintf (stderr, "Mxx, Myy: %f, %f\n", x2/I - x*x, y2/I - y*y);
   Sxy   = xy / I - x*y;
   mag = -2.5*log10(I);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/style_args.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/style_args.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.data/style_args.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -72,4 +72,14 @@
   }
 
+  if ((graphmode[0].style == KAPA_PLOT_POLYGON) || (graphmode[0].style == KAPA_PLOT_POLYFILL)) {
+    if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-npoint"))) {
+      remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+      graphmode[0].ptype = atoi (argv[N]);
+      remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+    } else {
+      gprint (GP_ERR, "polygon & polyfill styles require number of points argument: -npoint N\n");
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+  }
   return (TRUE);
 }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.shell/VectorIO.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.shell/VectorIO.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.shell/VectorIO.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -162,6 +162,50 @@
 }
 
+// insert a new header line, return end pointer
+char *gfits_insert_header_line (Header *header, char *endptr, char *newline) {
+
+  if (0) {
+    char temp1[32], temp2[32];
+    memset (temp1, 0, 32);
+    memset (temp2, 0, 32);
+
+    if (endptr) {
+      memcpy (temp1, endptr, 8);
+    }
+    memcpy (temp2, newline, 8);
+    fprintf (stderr, "insert: %s : %s\n", temp1, temp2);
+  }
+
+  /* find the END of the header, if not supplied */
+  if (!endptr) {
+    endptr = gfits_header_field (header, "END", 1);
+    if (endptr == NULL) return NULL; 
+  }
+
+  /* is there enough space for 1 more line? */
+  if (header[0].datasize - (endptr - (header[0].buffer)) < 2*FT_LINE_LENGTH) {
+    // no, so expand by a full header block (FT_RECORD_SIZE = 32*80 = 2880)
+    header[0].datasize += FT_RECORD_SIZE;
+    REALLOCATE (header[0].buffer, char, header[0].datasize);
+    // re-find the "END" marker, in case new memory block is used 
+    endptr = gfits_header_field (header, "END", 1);
+    if (endptr == NULL) return NULL; 
+    memset (endptr + FT_LINE_LENGTH, ' ', FT_RECORD_SIZE);
+  }
+
+  /* push END line back 1 */
+  memmove ((endptr + FT_LINE_LENGTH), endptr, FT_LINE_LENGTH);
+  memset (endptr, ' ', FT_LINE_LENGTH);
+
+  strncpy (endptr, newline, 80);
+  endptr += FT_LINE_LENGTH;
+
+  return endptr;
+}
+  
+static char *rawkeywords[] = {"SIMPLE", "BITPIX", "NAXIS", "PCOUNT", "GCOUNT", "EXTEND", "EXTNAME", "BSCALE", "BZERO", "TFIELDS", "TFORM", "TZERO", "TSCAL", "        ", NULL};
+
 // write a set of vectors to a FITS file (vectors names become fits column names)
-int WriteVectorTableFITS (char *filename, char *extname, Vector **vec, int Nvec, int append, char *compress, char *format, int Ntile) {
+int WriteVectorTableFITS (char *filename, char *extname, Header *extraheader, Vector **vec, int Nvec, int append, char *compress, char *format, int Ntile) {
   
   Header rawheader;
@@ -191,5 +235,5 @@
   rawtable.header = &rawheader;
   if (!WriteVectorTable (&rawtable, extname, vec, Nvec, format, (compress != NULL))) goto escape;
-  // NOTE : for compression, the table is constructed in native by order 
+  // NOTE : for compression, the table is constructed in native byte order 
 
   FTable *outtable = &rawtable;
@@ -215,4 +259,5 @@
 
   if (!append) {
+    // generate a blank PHU header
     Header header;
     Matrix matrix;
@@ -228,4 +273,30 @@
   }
 
+  if (extraheader) {
+    // copy keywords which are not the standard or table keywords
+    char *buf = extraheader->buffer;
+    char *endptr = NULL;
+    for (int i = 0; i < extraheader->datasize; i+= FT_LINE_LENGTH, buf += FT_LINE_LENGTH) {
+
+      if (0) { 
+	char temp1[32];
+	memset (temp1, 0, 32);
+	memcpy (temp1, buf, 8);
+	fprintf (stderr, "buffer: %s\n", temp1);
+      }
+
+      for (int j = 0; rawkeywords[j] != NULL; j++) {
+	if (!strncmp (buf, rawkeywords[j], strlen(rawkeywords[j]))) goto skip_insert;
+      }
+      endptr = gfits_insert_header_line (outheader, endptr, buf);
+      if (!endptr) {
+	gprint (GP_ERR, "failed to update FITS header with extra keywords\n");
+	return (FALSE);
+      }
+    skip_insert:
+      continue;
+    }
+  }
+
   // write the actual table data
   gfits_fwrite_Theader (f, outheader);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.shell/multicommand.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.shell/multicommand.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.shell/multicommand.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -63,4 +63,6 @@
 
   p = line; 
+  int Nline = strlen(line);
+  
   done = FALSE;
   status = TRUE;
@@ -74,82 +76,95 @@
     tmpline = strncreate (p, q - p);
     stripwhite (tmpline);
-    if (*tmpline) {
+    myAssert (tmpline, "oops");
 
-      if (bufferPending) {
-	// flush old messages
-	ExpectMessage (server, 0.2, &message);
-	bufferPending = FALSE;
+    // empty command, free and continue
+    if (*tmpline == 0) {
+      free (tmpline);
+      if (q == line + Nline) {
+	done = TRUE;
+      } else {
+	p = q + 1;
+	myAssert (p - line <= Nline, "oops");
       }
+      continue;
+    }
 
-      status = command (tmpline, &outline, verbose);
+    if (bufferPending) {
+      // flush old messages
+      ExpectMessage (server, 0.2, &message);
+      bufferPending = FALSE;
+    }
 
-      if (status == -1) {
-	if (server) {
-	  // send the command to the server instead
-	  if (!SendMessage (server, "%s", outline)) {
-	    switch (errno) {
-	      case EPIPE:
-		gprint (GP_ERR, "server connection has died\n");
-		exit (32);
-	      default:
-		gprint (GP_ERR, "server is busy...32\n");
-		bufferPending = TRUE;
-		goto escape;
-	    }
+    // input tmpline is freed by command
+    status = command (tmpline, &outline, verbose);
+
+    if (status == -1) {
+      if (server) {
+	// send the command to the server instead
+	if (!SendMessage (server, "%s", outline)) {
+	  switch (errno) {
+	    case EPIPE:
+	      gprint (GP_ERR, "server connection has died\n");
+	      exit (32);
+	    default:
+	      gprint (GP_ERR, "server is busy...32\n");
+	      bufferPending = TRUE;
+	      goto escape;
 	  }
+	}
 
-	  // receive the command exit status
-	  if (ExpectMessage (server, MSG_TIMEOUT, &message)) {
-	    switch (errno) {
-	      case EPIPE:
-		gprint (GP_ERR, "server connection has died\n");
-		exit (33);
-	      default:
-		gprint (GP_ERR, "server is busy...33\n");
-		bufferPending = TRUE;
-		goto escape;
-	    }
-	  } else {
-	    sscanf (message.buffer, "STATUS %d", &status);
-	  }
-
-	  // receive the resulting stderr
-	  if (ExpectMessage (server, MSG_TIMEOUT, &message)) {
-	    switch (errno) {
-	      case EPIPE:
-		gprint (GP_ERR, "server connection has died\n");
-		exit (34);
-	      default:
-		gprint (GP_ERR, "server is busy...34\n");
-		bufferPending = TRUE;
-		goto escape;
-	    }
-	  } else {
-	    gwrite (message.buffer, 1, message.Nbuffer, GP_ERR);
-	  }
-
-	  // receive the resulting stdout
-	  if (ExpectMessage (server, MSG_TIMEOUT, &message)) {
-	    switch (errno) {
-	      case EPIPE:
-		gprint (GP_ERR, "server connection has died\n");
-		exit (35);
-	      default:
-		gprint (GP_ERR, "server is busy...35\n");
-		bufferPending = TRUE;
-		goto escape;
-	    }
-	  } else {
-	    gwrite (message.buffer, 1, message.Nbuffer, GP_LOG);
+	// receive the command exit status
+	if (ExpectMessage (server, MSG_TIMEOUT, &message)) {
+	  switch (errno) {
+	    case EPIPE:
+	      gprint (GP_ERR, "server connection has died\n");
+	      exit (33);
+	    default:
+	      gprint (GP_ERR, "server is busy...33\n");
+	      bufferPending = TRUE;
+	      goto escape;
 	  }
 	} else {
-	  // if no server is defined, we treat an unknown command as an error
-	  status = FALSE;
-	}	
-      }
-    escape:
-      if (outline != NULL) free (outline);
-      if (!status && auto_break) done = TRUE;
+	  sscanf (message.buffer, "STATUS %d", &status);
+	}
+
+	// receive the resulting stderr
+	if (ExpectMessage (server, MSG_TIMEOUT, &message)) {
+	  switch (errno) {
+	    case EPIPE:
+	      gprint (GP_ERR, "server connection has died\n");
+	      exit (34);
+	    default:
+	      gprint (GP_ERR, "server is busy...34\n");
+	      bufferPending = TRUE;
+	      goto escape;
+	  }
+	} else {
+	  gwrite (message.buffer, 1, message.Nbuffer, GP_ERR);
+	}
+
+	// receive the resulting stdout
+	if (ExpectMessage (server, MSG_TIMEOUT, &message)) {
+	  switch (errno) {
+	    case EPIPE:
+	      gprint (GP_ERR, "server connection has died\n");
+	      exit (35);
+	    default:
+	      gprint (GP_ERR, "server is busy...35\n");
+	      bufferPending = TRUE;
+	      goto escape;
+	  }
+	} else {
+	  gwrite (message.buffer, 1, message.Nbuffer, GP_LOG);
+	}
+      } else {
+	// if no server is defined, we treat an unknown command as an error
+	status = FALSE;
+      }	
     }
+  escape:
+    if (outline != NULL) free (outline);
+    if (!status && auto_break) done = TRUE;
+
     p = q + 1;
   }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.shell/startup.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.shell/startup.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/lib.shell/startup.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -107,4 +107,16 @@
       LOAD_RC = FALSE;
     }
+    if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "--no-rc"))) {
+      remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+      LOAD_RC = FALSE;
+    }
+    if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-norc"))) {
+      remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+      LOAD_RC = FALSE;
+    }
+    if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-no-rc"))) {
+      remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+      LOAD_RC = FALSE;
+    }
     
     ONLY_INPUT = FALSE;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/Makefile
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/Makefile	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/Makefile	(revision 41170)
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 $(SRC)/deimos_getobj.$(ARCH).o \
 $(SRC)/deimos_fitobj.$(ARCH).o \
-$(SRC)/deimos_fitalt.$(ARCH).o \
-$(SRC)/deimos_mkalt.$(ARCH).o \
 $(SRC)/deimos_mkmodel.$(ARCH).o \
 $(SRC)/deimos_arclines.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/deimos_fitarc.$(ARCH).o \
+$(SRC)/deimos_fitprofile.$(ARCH).o \
 $(SRC)/findrowpeaks.$(ARCH).o 
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -4,19 +4,23 @@
 int deimos_fitslit (int argc, char **argv);
 int deimos_mkobj (int argc, char **argv);
-int deimos_mkalt (int argc, char **argv);
 int deimos_getobj (int argc, char **argv);
+// int deimos_getalt (int argc, char **argv);
 int deimos_fitobj (int argc, char **argv);
-int deimos_fitalt (int argc, char **argv);
+// int deimos_fitalt (int argc, char **argv);
 int deimos_arclines (int argc, char **argv);
+int deimos_fitarc (int argc, char **argv);
+int deimos_fitprofile (int argc, char **argv);
 
 static Command deimos_commands[] = {
-  {1, "fitobj", deimos_fitobj, "fit for object parameters"},
-  {1, "fitalt", deimos_fitalt, "fit for object parameters using LMM"},
-  {1, "getobj", deimos_getobj, "determine crude object parameters"},
-  {1, "mkobj", deimos_mkobj, "make a full object image"},
-  {1, "mkalt", deimos_mkalt, "make a full object image (uses deimos_make_object, for a test)"},
-  {1, "mkslit", deimos_mkslit, "make a slit image"},
-  {1, "fitslit", deimos_fitslit, "fit slit image to observed slit flux"},
-  {1, "arclines", deimos_arclines, "detect arclines using LSF and STILT"},
+  {1, "fitobj",     deimos_fitobj,     "fit for object parameters using LMM"},
+  {1, "fitalt",     deimos_fitobj,     "fit for object parameters using LMM"},
+  {1, "getobj",     deimos_getobj,     "determine crude object parameters"},
+  {1, "getalt",     deimos_getobj,     "determine crude object parameters"},
+  {1, "mkobj",      deimos_mkobj,      "make a full object image"},
+  {1, "mkslit",     deimos_mkslit,     "make a slit image"},
+  {1, "fitslit",    deimos_fitslit,    "fit slit image to observed slit flux"},
+  {1, "arclines",   deimos_arclines,   "detect arclines using LSF and STILT"},
+  {1, "fitarc",     deimos_fitarc,     "fit arclamp lines"},
+  {1, "fitprofile", deimos_fitprofile, "fit slit profile"},
 };
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_arclines.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_arclines.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_arclines.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -53,7 +53,14 @@
   deimos_make_LSF_kernel (LSF, stilt, Nx);
 
+  // FILE *Fout = NULL;
+
   // loop over the rows
   for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
     float Fsum = 0;
+    float Ksum = 0;
+
+    // if (iy == 5802) Fout = fopen ("test.5802.dat", "w");
+    // if (iy == 5815) Fout = fopen ("test.5815.dat", "w");
+
     // cross-correlation of buffer values and kernel values
     for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
@@ -62,7 +69,16 @@
 	if ((iy + ky) < 0) continue;
 	if ((iy + ky) >= Ny) continue;
+	if (!isfinite(Fin[ix + (iy + ky)*Nx])) continue;
+	if (!isfinite(kernel[ix + ko*Nx])) continue;
 	Fsum += Fin[ix + (iy + ky)*Nx] * kernel[ix + ko*Nx];
+	Ksum += kernel[ix + ko*Nx];
+	// if ((iy == 5815) || (iy == 5802)) {
+	//   fprintf (Fout, "%d %d %d : %f %f\n", iy, ix, ky, Fin[ix + (iy + ky)*Nx], kernel[ix + ko*Nx]);
+	// }
       }
     }
+
+    // if ((iy == 5815) || (iy == 5802)) fclose (Fout);
+
     coord->elements.Flt[iy] = iy;
     flux->elements.Flt[iy] = Fsum;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitalt.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitalt.c	(revision 41144)
+++ 	(revision )
@@ -1,447 +1,0 @@
-# include "data.h"
-# include "deimos.h"
-
-# if (0) 
-int deimos_fitalt (int argc, char **argv) {
-  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
-  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(argv);
-  return FALSE;
-}
-
-# else
-
-/*
-  this is starting to work OK.  some improvements to make
-  * use Gaussdev to sample
-  * do not scale down range (or user-set scale-down)
- */
-
-// internal functions to fitobj
-static float      deimos_get_chisq (float *buffer, float *model, int Nx, int Ny, int row, int *Npts);
-double            deimos_LMM_update (float *data, float *model_ref, float *model_obj, float *model_sky, float *model_bck, float *dObj, float *dSky, float *dBck, int Nx, int Ny, int row, float lambda);
-static opihi_flt *deimos_make_test (opihi_flt *guess, float sigma, int row, int Nrow, float *dValue);
-opihi_flt        *deimos_subvector (opihi_flt *fullVec, int row, int Nrow);
-
-int deimos_fitalt (int argc, char **argv) {
-
-  // input parameters:
-  // * buffer      : 2D image of slit (full frame or cutout?)
-  // * trace       : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
-  // * profile     : slit window profile (vector)
-  // * PSF         : point-spread function vector (flux normalized, x-dir)
-  // * stilt       : slit tilt response : 2D kernel? 
-
-  // in-out parameters:
-  // * obj  : vector of object flux vs y-coord (starting guess and result)
-  // * sky  : vector of local sky signal vs y-coord 
-  // * bck  : vector of extra-slit background flux vs y-coord
-
-  int N;
-
-  Spline *trace   = NULL;
-  Vector *profile = NULL;
-
-  Vector *obj     = NULL;
-  Vector *sky     = NULL;
-  Vector *bck     = NULL;
-
-  Vector *psf     = NULL;
-
-  Buffer *buffer  = NULL;
-
-  float stilt = 0.0; // angle of the slit
-  ohana_gaussdev_init ();
-
-  int DO_PLUS = FALSE;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-plus"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    DO_PLUS = TRUE;
-  }
-
-  int VERBOSE = FALSE;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-v"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    VERBOSE = TRUE;
-  }
-
-  // a crude noise model valid for both the guess vectors and the
-  // data buffer:
-  float gain = 1.0;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-gain"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    gain = atof(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
-  float noise = 0.0;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-noise"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    noise = atof(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
-  float nsigma = 2.0;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-nsigma"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    nsigma = atof(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
-  float lambda = 1.0;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-lambda"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    lambda = atof(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
-
-  int Niter = 25;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-iter"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    Niter = atoi(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
-  int Nrow = 5;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-row"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    Nrow = atoi(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
-
-  // Input parameters:
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-trace"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    if ((trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  } else { goto usage; }
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-profile"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    if ((profile = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  } else { goto usage; }
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-psf"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    if ((psf = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  } else { goto usage; }
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-stilt"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    stilt = atof (argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  } else { goto usage; }
-
-  // In-Out parameters:
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-object"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    if ((obj = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  } else { goto usage; }
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-sky"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    if ((sky = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  } else { goto usage; }
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-backgnd"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    if ((bck = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  } else { goto usage; }
-
-  if (argc != 3) goto usage;
-
-  // buffer is the full image, Xref is reference coordinate of the profile in the buffer
-  if ((buffer = SelectBuffer (argv[1], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-  
-  // profile and PSF are defined with central reference pixel mapped to Xref (+ trace)
-  if (profile->Nelements % 2 == 0) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "slit profile vector must have an odd number of pixels\n");
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-  if (psf->Nelements % 2 == 0) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "PSF vector must have an odd number of pixels\n");
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-
-  // observed buffer size
-  int Nx = buffer[0].matrix.Naxis[0];
-  int Ny = buffer[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
-  float *bufVal = (float *) buffer->matrix.buffer;
-
-  // obj, sky, bck must be consistent with data
-  if (Ny != obj->Nelements) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "inconsistent wavelength scales (object)\n");
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-  if (Ny != sky->Nelements) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "inconsistent wavelength scales (sky)\n");
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-  if (Ny != bck->Nelements) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "inconsistent wavelength scales (backgnd)\n");
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-
-  // for the cross-dispersion reference pixel, use the user value or set to Nx/2 if < 0
-  deimos_set_cross_ref (atoi(argv[2]), Nx); 
-  deimos_make_kernel (stilt, Nx);
-
-  Vector  *objMin = NULL;
-  Vector  *skyMin = NULL;
-  Vector  *bckMin = NULL;
-
-  if ((objMin = SelectVector ("objMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (objMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-  if ((skyMin = SelectVector ("skyMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (skyMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-  if ((bckMin = SelectVector ("bckMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (bckMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-
-  // the functions below accept an opihi_flt array for object, sky, background
-  opihi_flt *objVal = objMin->elements.Flt;
-  opihi_flt *skyVal = skyMin->elements.Flt;
-  opihi_flt *bckVal = bckMin->elements.Flt;
-
-  // we make a copy of the input guess vectors and minimize them
-  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
-    objVal[iy] = obj->elements.Flt[iy];
-    skyVal[iy] = sky->elements.Flt[iy];
-    bckVal[iy] = bck->elements.Flt[iy];
-  }
-
-  float noiseVar = SQ(noise);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (objNoise, float, Ny);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyNoise, float, Ny);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckNoise, float, Ny);
-
-  // generate noise vectors
-  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
-    objNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(objVal[iy]) / gain, noiseVar));
-    skyNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(skyVal[iy]) / gain, noiseVar));
-    bckNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(bckVal[iy]) / gain, noiseVar));
-  }
-
-  // obj, sky, bck are initial guesses.  Also use these values to define a range for the initial guesses.
-
-  // XXX worry about last segment (< Nrow rows)
-  for (int iter = 0; iter < Niter; iter++) {
-
-    int dRow = Nrow/2;
-
-    // use scaled-noise to define test ranges
-    // we are going to try each row using a window Nrow wide to measure chisq:
-    for (int row = dRow; row < Ny - dRow - 1; row++) {
-      
-      // I am using a numerical equivalent of Levenberg-Marquardt, but only for a single
-      // p_m[i] = (obj,sky,bck) triplet [m is the index of obj,sky,bck; i is the row
-      // index] at a time.  I start with a current best guess set of (obj,sky,bck).  I
-      // need to calculate the model at this location, and then at offset locations p_m +
-      // dp_m.  Note that I do not need to calculate chisq for each of these to generate
-      // the elements of the LMM equations:
-
-      int row_0 = row - dRow; // start row of the subset test range
-
-      // Nrow = 5, dRow = 2, Ny = 100, last start is Ny - 2 - 1 = 97
-      // last row_0 is 95
-
-      // generate subset vectors for the range **centered** on row
-      opihi_flt *objCurr = deimos_subvector (objVal, row_0, Nrow);
-      opihi_flt *skyCurr = deimos_subvector (skyVal, row_0, Nrow);
-      opihi_flt *bckCurr = deimos_subvector (bckVal, row_0, Nrow);
-
-      // current vector value:
-      // for deimos_make_model, row is the starting point of the subimage
-      float *model_ref = deimos_make_model (objCurr, skyCurr, bckCurr, psf, profile, trace, Nx, Nrow, row_0);
-
-      // in the test functions below, dRow is the central pixel of the subset, e.g., obj[row] => objCurr[dRow]
-
-      float dObj = 0.0, dSky = 0.0, dBck = 0.0;
-
-      // delta obj (save dObj)
-      opihi_flt *objtest = deimos_make_test (objCurr, objNoise[row], dRow, Nrow, &dObj);
-      float *model_obj = deimos_make_model (objtest, skyCurr, bckCurr, psf, profile, trace, Nx, Nrow, row_0);
-
-      // delta sky (save dSky)
-      opihi_flt *skytest = deimos_make_test (skyCurr, skyNoise[row], dRow, Nrow, &dSky);
-      float *model_sky = deimos_make_model (objCurr, skytest, bckCurr, psf, profile, trace, Nx, Nrow, row_0);
-
-      // delta bck (save dBck)
-      opihi_flt *bcktest = deimos_make_test (bckCurr, bckNoise[row], dRow, Nrow, &dBck);
-      float *model_bck = deimos_make_model (objCurr, skyCurr, bcktest, psf, profile, trace, Nx, Nrow, row_0);
-
-      // dObj, dSky, dBck carry the delta used derivatives in and the delta applied to the values out
-      float chisq = deimos_LMM_update (bufVal, model_ref, model_obj, model_sky, model_bck, &dObj, &dSky, &dBck, Nx, Nrow, row_0, lambda);
-
-      if (1) {
-	if (DO_PLUS) {
-	  objVal[row] += dObj;
-	  skyVal[row] += dSky;
-	  bckVal[row] += dBck;
-	} else {
-	  objVal[row] -= dObj;
-	  skyVal[row] -= dSky;
-	  bckVal[row] -= dBck;
-	}
-      }
-
-      free (objCurr);
-      free (skyCurr);
-      free (bckCurr);
-
-      free (model_ref);
-
-      free (model_obj);
-      free (model_sky);
-      free (model_bck);
-
-      free (objtest);
-      free (skytest);
-      free (bcktest);
-
-      if (VERBOSE) fprintf (stderr, "chisq: %f (%f, %f, %f)\n", chisq, dObj, dSky, dBck);
-    }
-
-    float *model_full = deimos_make_model (objVal, skyVal, bckVal, psf, profile, trace, Nx, Ny, 0);
-
-    int Npts = 0;
-    float chisq_full  = deimos_get_chisq (bufVal, model_full, Nx, Ny, 0, &Npts);
-
-    fprintf (stderr, "** Full chisq: %f (%d) : %f)\n", chisq_full, Npts, chisq_full / (1.0 * Npts));
-  }
-
-  return TRUE;
-
- usage:
-  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos fitobj (buffer) (Xref) -object vector -sky vector -backgnd vector -trace spline -profile vector -psf vector -stilt (angle)\n");
-  return FALSE;
-}
-
-/****************** fitobj Support Functions *******************/
-
-// we generate a new vector with a single element (row) modified based on sigma
-opihi_flt *deimos_subvector (opihi_flt *fullVec, int row, int Nrow) {
-
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (value, opihi_flt, Nrow);
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < Nrow; i++) {
-    value[i] = fullVec[i + row];
-  }
-
-  return value;
-}
-
-
-// we generate a new vector with a single element (row) modified based on sigma
-static opihi_flt *deimos_make_test (opihi_flt *guess, float sigma, int row, int Nrow, float *dValue) {
-
-  // if fullInput is TRUE,  the guess vector runs from 0 to Ny (full wavelength range)
-  // if fullInput is FALSE, the guess vector runs from row to row + Nrow (subset range)
-  // sigma is valid for the element at row
-
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (value, opihi_flt, Nrow);
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < Nrow; i++) {
-    value[i] = guess[i];
-  }
-
-  value[row] = guess[row] + 0.1*sigma;
-
-  *dValue = 0.1*sigma;
-  return value;
-}
-
-
-double deimos_LMM_update (float *data, float *model_ref,
-			  float *model_obj, float *model_sky, float *model_bck,
-			  float *dObj, float *dSky, float *dBck, int Nx, int Ny, int row, float lambda) {
-  
-  // we are going to loop over the images calculating the following value:
-
-  // W = 1 / sigma^2, leave as 1.0 for now
-  // chisq = sum W * (data - model_ref)^2 
-  // dF_X = sum W * (data - model_ref) * (model_ref - model_X) / dX
-  // d2F_XY = sum W * (model_ref - model_X) * (model_ref - model_Y) / (dX * dY)
-
-  double chisq = 0.0;
-  double dF_obj = 0.0, dF_sky = 0.0, dF_bck = 0.0;
-  double d2F_obj_obj = 0.0, d2F_obj_sky = 0.0, d2F_obj_bck = 0.0, d2F_sky_sky = 0.0, d2F_sky_bck = 0.0, d2F_bck_bck = 0.0;
-
-  float W = 1.0;
-
-  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
-    for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
-      int pix = ix + iy*Nx;
-      int pix_data  = ix + (iy + row)*Nx;
-
-      // if any of the pixel values are NAN, skip the point:
-      if (!isfinite(data[pix_data])) continue;
-      if (!isfinite(model_ref[pix])) continue;
-      if (!isfinite(model_obj[pix])) continue;
-      if (!isfinite(model_sky[pix])) continue;
-      if (!isfinite(model_bck[pix])) continue;
-
-      float df = W * (data[pix_data] - model_ref[pix]);
-
-      chisq += SQ(df);
-
-      float df_obj = (model_ref[pix] - model_obj[pix]) / *dObj;
-      float df_sky = (model_ref[pix] - model_sky[pix]) / *dSky;
-      float df_bck = (model_ref[pix] - model_bck[pix]) / *dBck;
-
-      dF_obj += df*df_obj;
-      dF_sky += df*df_sky;
-      dF_bck += df*df_bck;
-
-      d2F_obj_obj += W * SQ(df_obj);
-      d2F_sky_sky += W * SQ(df_sky);
-      d2F_bck_bck += W * SQ(df_bck);
-
-      d2F_obj_sky += W * df_obj * df_sky;
-      d2F_obj_bck += W * df_obj * df_bck;
-      d2F_sky_bck += W * df_sky * df_bck;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // these are the elements of Ax = B
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (A, double *, 3);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (B, double *, 3);
-  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-    ALLOCATE (A[i], double, 3);
-    ALLOCATE (B[i], double, 1);
-  }
-
-  A[0][0] = d2F_obj_obj * (1.0 + lambda);
-  A[1][1] = d2F_sky_sky * (1.0 + lambda);
-  A[2][2] = d2F_bck_bck * (1.0 + lambda);
-
-  A[0][1] = A[1][0] = d2F_obj_sky;
-  A[1][2] = A[2][1] = d2F_sky_bck;
-  A[0][2] = A[2][0] = d2F_obj_bck;
-
-  B[0][0] = dF_obj;
-  B[1][0] = dF_sky;
-  B[2][0] = dF_bck;
-
-  dgaussjordan (A, B, 3, 1);
-
-  *dObj = B[0][0];
-  *dSky = B[1][0];
-  *dBck = B[2][0];
-
-  return chisq;
-}
-
-static float deimos_get_chisq (float *buffer, float *model, int Nx, int Ny, int row, int *Npts) {
-
-  int npts = 0;
-  float chisq = 0;
-
-  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
-
-    for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
-
-      int pix_buffer = ix + (iy + row)*Nx;
-      int pix_model  = ix +  iy*Nx;
-
-      if (!isfinite(buffer[pix_buffer])) continue;
-      if (!isfinite(model[pix_model])) continue;
-      chisq += SQ(buffer[pix_buffer] - model[pix_model]);
-      npts ++;
-    }
-  }
-  *Npts = npts;
-  return chisq;
-}
-# endif
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitarc.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitarc.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitarc.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+# include "data.h"
+# define NPAR 4
+
+typedef opihi_flt FitFunc (opihi_flt, opihi_flt *, int, opihi_flt *);
+
+opihi_flt fgaussOD (opihi_flt x, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, opihi_flt *dpar);
+
+void gaussian_fit_irls (opihi_flt *xprofile, opihi_flt *fprofile, opihi_flt *wprofile, opihi_flt *oprofile, int Npts, opihi_flt *par, int Npar);
+void gaussian_fit (opihi_flt *xprofile, opihi_flt *fprofile, opihi_flt *wprofile, opihi_flt *oprofile, int Npts, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, FitFunc *FUNC);
+
+double deimos_weight_cauchy (double x);
+
+// use these globals to carry into sigmoid_fit
+static int VERBOSE = FALSE;
+static int QUIET   = FALSE;
+static int MaxIterations = 10;
+
+/* fitarc buffer Xo Yo Nx Ny 
+
+ * for each col, fit the y-dir profile with a gauss
+ * fit the C0 values to a line to get the angle
+ */
+
+int deimos_fitarc (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  // input parameters:
+  // * xprofile    : extracted slit window coordinates (vector)
+  // * xprofile    : extracted slit window profile (vector)
+  // * Xs, Xe      : scale coordinates of window boundaries
+
+  // output parameters:
+  // * sigmoid_left_center, etc : coordinates of window boundaries
+
+  int N;
+  Buffer *buffer  = NULL;
+
+  QUIET = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-q"))) {
+    QUIET = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-quiet"))) {
+    QUIET = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  VERBOSE = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-v"))) {
+    VERBOSE = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  MaxIterations = 10;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-max-iterations"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    MaxIterations = atof(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  Buffer *residbuf = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-resid"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    residbuf = SelectBuffer (argv[N], ANYBUFFER, TRUE);
+    if (!residbuf) goto usage;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  
+  Buffer *varbuf = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-varbuf"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    varbuf = SelectBuffer (argv[N], OLDBUFFER, TRUE);
+    if (!varbuf) goto usage;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  
+  if (argc != 6) goto usage;
+  if ((buffer = SelectBuffer (argv[1], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+
+  int nx = buffer[0].matrix.Naxis[0];
+  int ny = buffer[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
+
+  // supplied guess for boundaries
+  int Xs = atof(argv[2]);
+  int Ys = atof(argv[3]);
+  int Nx = atof(argv[4]);
+  int Ny = atof(argv[5]);
+
+  if (residbuf) {
+    ResetBuffer (residbuf, nx, ny, -32, 0.0, 1.0);
+  }
+
+  // validate Xs, Ys, Nx, Ny
+  // Xs + Nx <= nx
+
+  // loop over the cols
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (xcol, double, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ycol, double, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ocol, double, Ny); // fitted value
+
+  float *bufVal = (float *) buffer->matrix.buffer;
+
+  for (int ix = Xs; ix < Xs + Nx; ix++) {
+
+    // loop over the pixels in this column to get the x and y vectors
+    // find the peak at the same time
+
+    double xmax = -HUGE_VAL;
+    double ymax = -HUGE_VAL;
+    int Nc = 0;
+
+    for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+
+      float yval = bufVal[ix + (iy + Ys)*Nx];
+      if (!isfinite(yval)) continue;
+
+      xcol[Nc] = iy + Ys;
+      ycol[Nc] = yval;
+
+      if (yval > ymax) {
+	ymax = yval;
+	xmax = iy + Ys;
+      }
+      Nc ++;
+    }
+
+    // now do a Gauss fit given C0 = xmax, C1 = 2, C2 = ymax, C3 = 0
+    
+    // temporary storage vectors 
+    opihi_flt par[NPAR];
+    par[0] = xmax;
+    par[1] = 2;
+    par[2] = ymax;
+    par[3] = 0;
+    gaussian_fit_irls (xcol, ycol, NULL, ocol, Nc, par, NPAR);
+
+    fprintf (stderr, "%d : %f %f : %f %f\n", ix, par[0], par[2], par[1], par[3]);
+    set_variable ("C0", par[0]);
+    set_variable ("C1", par[1]);
+    set_variable ("C2", par[2]);
+    set_variable ("C3", par[3]);
+
+    if (residbuf) {
+      float *residVal = (float *) residbuf->matrix.buffer;
+      for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+	float yval = fgaussOD (iy + Ys, par, NPAR, NULL);
+	// residVal[ix + (iy + Ys)*Nx] = bufVal[ix + (iy + Ys)*Nx] - yval;
+	residVal[ix + (iy + Ys)*Nx] = yval;
+      }
+    }
+  } 
+
+  return TRUE;
+  
+ usage:
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos fitarc buff Xo Yo Nx Ny\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, " [-resid buffer] : output residual image\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, " [-varbuf buffer] : input variance image\n");
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+# define FIT_TOLERANCE 1e-4
+# define FLT_TOLERANCE 1e-6
+
+// xprofile : x-coordinate
+// fprofile : flux (counts)
+// wprofile : weight (true poisson error)
+// oprofile : output profile (not used?)
+void gaussian_fit_irls (opihi_flt *xprofile, opihi_flt *fprofile, opihi_flt *wprofile, opihi_flt *oprofile, int Npts, opihi_flt *par, int Npar) {
+  
+  // buffer to store result from each iteration
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (par_old, opihi_flt, Npar);
+
+  // define initial weights as 1.0
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (wt, opihi_flt, Npts);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (wtemp, opihi_flt, Npts);
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) { 
+    wtemp[i] = wprofile ? (fabs(wprofile[i]) > 1e-5 ? wprofile[i] : 1e-5) : 1.0;
+    wt[i] = 1.0 / SQ(wtemp[i]);
+  }
+
+  // initial fit with ordinary least-squares
+  // otemp is the fitted value of the function at xtemp
+  gaussian_fit (xprofile, fprofile, wt, NULL, Npts, par, Npar, fgaussOD);
+
+  int converged = FALSE;
+  for (int iterations = 0; !converged && (iterations < MaxIterations); iterations++) {
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+      wt[i] = deimos_weight_cauchy ((fprofile[i] - oprofile[i]) / wtemp[i]) / SQ(wtemp[i]);
+    }
+
+    gaussian_fit (xprofile, fprofile, wt, oprofile, Npts, par, Npar, fgaussOD);
+
+    // save this solution
+    for (int i = 0; i < Npar; i++) {
+      par_old[i] = par[i];
+    }
+
+    converged = TRUE;
+    for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+      if ((fabs(par[i] - par_old[i]) > FIT_TOLERANCE * fabs(par[i])) && 
+	  (fabs(par[i] - par_old[i]) > FLT_TOLERANCE))
+	converged = FALSE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+    oprofile[i] = fgaussOD (xprofile[i], par, Npar, NULL);
+  }
+
+  FREE (par_old);
+  FREE (wt);
+}
+
+void gaussian_fit (opihi_flt *xprofile, opihi_flt *fprofile, opihi_flt *wprofile, opihi_flt *oprofile, int Npts, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, FitFunc *FUNC) {
+
+  double ochisq = mrqinit (xprofile, fprofile, wprofile, Npts, par, Npar, FUNC, VERBOSE);
+  double dchisq = ochisq + 2*Npts;
+
+  int Niter;
+  for (Niter = 0; (Niter < 20) && ((dchisq > 0.1*(Npts - Npar)) || (dchisq <= 0.0)); Niter++) {
+    double chisq = mrqmin (xprofile, fprofile, wprofile, Npts, par, Npar, FUNC, VERBOSE);
+    dchisq = ochisq - chisq;
+    ochisq = chisq;
+    if (VERBOSE) gprint (GP_ERR, "dchisq: %f, Ndof: %d\n", dchisq, Npts - Npar);
+  }  
+  if (VERBOSE) gprint (GP_ERR, "%d iterations\n", Niter); 
+
+  if (!QUIET) gprint (GP_LOG, "gauss @ %f (%f) : top %f bottom %f\n", par[0], par[1], par[2], par[3]);
+
+  if (oprofile) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+      oprofile[i] = FUNC (xprofile[i], par, Npar, NULL);
+    }
+  }
+
+  mrqfree (Npar);
+}  
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitobj.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitobj.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitobj.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
 # include "data.h"
 # include "deimos.h"
-
-# if (0) 
-int deimos_fitobj (int argc, char **argv) {
-  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
-  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(argv);
-  return FALSE;
-}
-
-# else
 
 /*
@@ -18,19 +9,19 @@
 
 // internal functions to fitobj
-static float      deimos_get_chisq (float *buffer, float *model, int Nx, int Ny, int row, int *Npts);
-int              *deimos_sort_result (DeimosResult *result, int Nresult);
-int               deimos_get_random_sample (int Nresult);
-static opihi_flt *deimos_make_test (opihi_flt *guess, float *sigma, int row, int Nrow, int fullInput);
-
-int USE_GAUSS_DEV = FALSE;
+static float      deimos_get_chisq (float *buffer, float *vardata, float *model, int Nx, int Ny, int row, int *Npts);
+double            deimos_LMM_update (float *data, float *vardata, float *model_ref, float *model_obj, float *model_sky, float *model_bck, float *dObj, float *dSky, float *dBck, int Nx, int Ny, int row, float lambda);
+static opihi_flt *deimos_make_test (opihi_flt *guess, float sigma, int row, int Nrow, float *dValue);
+opihi_flt        *deimos_subvector (opihi_flt *fullVec, int row, int Nrow);
 
 int deimos_fitobj (int argc, char **argv) {
 
   // input parameters:
-  // * buffer      : 2D image of slit (full frame or cutout?)
-  // * trace       : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
-  // * profile     : slit window profile (vector)
-  // * PSF         : point-spread function vector (flux normalized, x-dir)
-  // * stilt       : slit tilt response : 2D kernel? 
+  // * buffer         : 2D image of slit (full frame or cutout?)
+  // * slit_trace_red : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
+  // * slit_trace_blu : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
+  // * psf_trace      : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
+  // * profile        : slit window profile (vector)
+  // * PSF            : point-spread function vector (flux normalized, x-dir)
+  // * stilt          : slit tilt response : 2D kernel? 
 
   // in-out parameters:
@@ -41,17 +32,48 @@
   int N;
 
-  Spline *trace   = NULL;
-  Vector *profile = NULL;
-
-  Vector *obj     = NULL;
-  Vector *sky     = NULL;
-  Vector *bck     = NULL;
-
-  Vector *psf     = NULL;
-
-  Buffer *buffer  = NULL;
-
-  float stilt = 0.0; // angle of the slit
+  Spline *slit_trace_red = NULL;
+  Spline *slit_trace_blu = NULL;
+  Spline *psf_trace  = NULL;
+
+  Vector *profile    = NULL;
+  Vector *psf        = NULL;
+
+  Vector *obj        = NULL;
+  Vector *sky        = NULL;
+  Vector *bck        = NULL;
+
+  Buffer *buffer     = NULL;
+
+  float stilt        = 0.0; // angle of the slit
+
   ohana_gaussdev_init ();
+
+  int DO_PLUS = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-plus"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    DO_PLUS = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  int VERBOSE = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-v"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    VERBOSE = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  int SKIPFIT = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-skipfit"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    SKIPFIT = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  // for a red vs blu spline, we need to specify the split point
+  // XXX this is REALLY ad-hoc for Deimos.  not sure how to make
+  // this more generic (need to define the ranges somewhere)
+  int redlimit = 4096;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-redlimit"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    redlimit = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
 
   // a crude noise model valid for both the guess vectors and the
@@ -75,11 +97,10 @@
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
   }
-  float scale = 0.75;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-scale"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    scale = atof(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
-
+  float lambda = 1.0;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-lambda"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    lambda = atof(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
 
   int Niter = 25;
@@ -89,10 +110,4 @@
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
   }
-  int Ntry = 5;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-try"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    Ntry = atoi(argv[N]);
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-  }
   int Nrow = 5;
   if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-row"))) {
@@ -102,26 +117,19 @@
   }
 
-  USE_GAUSS_DEV = FALSE;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-gaussdev"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    USE_GAUSS_DEV = TRUE;
-  }
-
-  int SAVE_ALL_VECTORS = FALSE;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-save-all-vectors"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    SAVE_ALL_VECTORS = TRUE;
-  }
-
-  int SAVE_MIN_VECTORS = FALSE;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-save-min-vectors"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    SAVE_MIN_VECTORS = TRUE;
-  }
-
   // Input parameters:
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-trace"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    if ((trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-slit-trace-red"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((slit_trace_red = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-slit-trace-blu"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((slit_trace_blu = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-psf-trace"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((psf_trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
   } else { goto usage; }
@@ -158,4 +166,20 @@
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
   } else { goto usage; }
+
+  // save the model
+  Buffer *model = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-model"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((model = SelectBuffer (argv[N], ANYBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  // save the model
+  Buffer *varim = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-variance"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((varim = SelectBuffer (argv[N], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
 
   if (argc != 3) goto usage;
@@ -179,4 +203,10 @@
   float *bufVal = (float *) buffer->matrix.buffer;
 
+  if (varim) {
+    if (Nx != varim[0].matrix.Naxis[0]) { gprint (GP_ERR, "inconsistent sizes for image and varim\n"); return FALSE; }
+    if (Ny != varim[0].matrix.Naxis[1]) { gprint (GP_ERR, "inconsistent sizes for image and varim\n"); return FALSE; }
+  }
+  float *varVal = varim ? (float *) varim->matrix.buffer : NULL;
+
   // obj, sky, bck must be consistent with data
   if (Ny != obj->Nelements) {
@@ -193,240 +223,141 @@
   }
 
-  // for the cross-dispersion reference pixle, use the user value or set to Nx/2 if < 0
+  if (model) {
+    if (!CreateBuffer (model, Nx, Ny, -32, 1.0, 0.0)) { gprint (GP_ERR, "error generating output model buffer\n"); return FALSE; }
+  }
+
+  // for the cross-dispersion reference pixel, use the user value or set to Nx/2 if < 0
   deimos_set_cross_ref (atoi(argv[2]), Nx); 
   deimos_make_kernel (stilt, Nx);
 
-  // the functions below accept an opihi_flt array for object, sky, background
-  opihi_flt *objVal = obj->elements.Flt;
-  opihi_flt *skyVal = sky->elements.Flt;
-  opihi_flt *bckVal = bck->elements.Flt;
-
-  int NRESULT = Niter + Ntry*Niter + 1;
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (result, DeimosResult, NRESULT);
-
-  Vector **objOut = NULL;
-  Vector **skyOut = NULL;
-  Vector **bckOut = NULL;
   Vector  *objMin = NULL;
   Vector  *skyMin = NULL;
   Vector  *bckMin = NULL;
 
-  // Save all result vectors for each of obj, sky, bck:
-  if (SAVE_ALL_VECTORS) {
-    ALLOCATE (objOut, Vector *, NRESULT);
-    ALLOCATE (skyOut, Vector *, NRESULT);
-    ALLOCATE (bckOut, Vector *, NRESULT);
-    for (int i = 0; i < NRESULT; i++) {
-      char name[64];
-      snprintf (name, 64, "obj_%04d", i); if ((objOut[i] = SelectVector (name, ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (objOut[i], OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-      snprintf (name, 64, "sky_%04d", i); if ((skyOut[i] = SelectVector (name, ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (skyOut[i], OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-      snprintf (name, 64, "bck_%04d", i); if ((bckOut[i] = SelectVector (name, ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (bckOut[i], OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-      for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
-	objOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
-	skyOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
-	bckOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
+  if ((objMin = SelectVector ("objMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (objMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+  if ((skyMin = SelectVector ("skyMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (skyMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+  if ((bckMin = SelectVector ("bckMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (bckMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+
+  // the functions below accept an opihi_flt array for object, sky, background
+  opihi_flt *objVal = objMin->elements.Flt;
+  opihi_flt *skyVal = skyMin->elements.Flt;
+  opihi_flt *bckVal = bckMin->elements.Flt;
+
+  // we make a copy of the input guess vectors and minimize them
+  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+    objVal[iy] = obj->elements.Flt[iy];
+    skyVal[iy] = sky->elements.Flt[iy];
+    bckVal[iy] = bck->elements.Flt[iy];
+  }
+
+  float noiseVar = SQ(noise);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (objNoise, float, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyNoise, float, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckNoise, float, Ny);
+
+  // generate noise vectors
+  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+    objNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(objVal[iy]) / gain, noiseVar));
+    skyNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(skyVal[iy]) / gain, noiseVar));
+    bckNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(bckVal[iy]) / gain, noiseVar));
+  }
+
+  // obj, sky, bck are initial guesses.  Also use these values to define a range for the initial guesses.
+
+  // XXX worry about last segment (< Nrow rows)
+  for (int iter = 0; iter < Niter; iter++) {
+
+    int dRow = Nrow/2;
+
+    // use scaled-noise to define test ranges
+    // we are going to try each row using a window Nrow wide to measure chisq:
+    for (int row = dRow; !SKIPFIT && (row < Ny - dRow - 1); row++) {
+      
+      // I am using a numerical equivalent of Levenberg-Marquardt, but only for a single
+      // p_m[i] = (obj,sky,bck) triplet [m is the index of obj,sky,bck; i is the row
+      // index] at a time.  I start with a current best guess set of (obj,sky,bck).  I
+      // need to calculate the model at this location, and then at offset locations p_m +
+      // dp_m.  Note that I do not need to calculate chisq for each of these to generate
+      // the elements of the LMM equations:
+
+      int row_0 = row - dRow; // start row of the subset test range
+
+      // Nrow = 5, dRow = 2, Ny = 100, last start is Ny - 2 - 1 = 97
+      // last row_0 is 95
+
+      // generate subset vectors for the range **centered** on row
+      opihi_flt *objCurr = deimos_subvector (objVal, row_0, Nrow);
+      opihi_flt *skyCurr = deimos_subvector (skyVal, row_0, Nrow);
+      opihi_flt *bckCurr = deimos_subvector (bckVal, row_0, Nrow);
+
+      // current vector value:
+      // for deimos_make_model, row is the starting point of the subimage
+      float *model_ref = deimos_make_model (objCurr, skyCurr, bckCurr, psf, profile, slit_trace_red, slit_trace_blu, redlimit, psf_trace, Nx, Nrow, row_0);
+
+      // in the test functions below, dRow is the central pixel of the subset, e.g., obj[row] => objCurr[dRow]
+
+      float dObj = 0.0, dSky = 0.0, dBck = 0.0;
+
+      // delta obj (save dObj)
+      opihi_flt *objtest = deimos_make_test (objCurr, objNoise[row], dRow, Nrow, &dObj);
+      float *model_obj = deimos_make_model (objtest, skyCurr, bckCurr, psf, profile, slit_trace_red, slit_trace_blu, redlimit, psf_trace, Nx, Nrow, row_0);
+
+      // delta sky (save dSky)
+      opihi_flt *skytest = deimos_make_test (skyCurr, skyNoise[row], dRow, Nrow, &dSky);
+      float *model_sky = deimos_make_model (objCurr, skytest, bckCurr, psf, profile, slit_trace_red, slit_trace_blu, redlimit, psf_trace, Nx, Nrow, row_0);
+
+      // delta bck (save dBck)
+      opihi_flt *bcktest = deimos_make_test (bckCurr, bckNoise[row], dRow, Nrow, &dBck);
+      float *model_bck = deimos_make_model (objCurr, skyCurr, bcktest, psf, profile, slit_trace_red, slit_trace_blu, redlimit, psf_trace, Nx, Nrow, row_0);
+
+      // dObj, dSky, dBck carry the delta used derivatives in and the delta applied to the values out
+      float chisq = deimos_LMM_update (bufVal, varVal, model_ref, model_obj, model_sky, model_bck, &dObj, &dSky, &dBck, Nx, Nrow, row_0, lambda);
+
+      if (FALSE && (row > 10) && (row < 20)) {
+	fprintf (stderr, "%d %d : %f %f %f\n", iter, row, dObj, dSky, dBck);
       }
-    }
-  }
-  if (SAVE_MIN_VECTORS) {
-    if ((objMin = SelectVector ("objMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (objMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    if ((skyMin = SelectVector ("skyMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (skyMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    if ((bckMin = SelectVector ("bckMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (bckMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
-      objMin->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
-      skyMin->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
-      bckMin->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
-    }
-  }
-  Vector *chisqVect;
-  if ((chisqVect = SelectVector ("chisqOut", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return FALSE; }
-  ResetVector (chisqVect, OPIHI_FLT, NRESULT);
-  for (int i = 0; i < NRESULT; i++) { chisqVect->elements.Flt[i] = 0.0; }
-
-  // XXX temp hack: save chisq subset vectors for each row pass
-  int Npass = Ny / Nrow;
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (chiPass, Vector *, Npass);
-  for (int pass = 0; pass < Npass; pass++) {
-    char name[64];
-    snprintf (name, 64, "chiPass_%03d", pass);
-    if ((chiPass[pass] = SelectVector (name, ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return FALSE; } ResetVector (chiPass[pass], OPIHI_FLT, NRESULT);
-  }
-
-  float noiseVar = SQ(noise);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (objNoise, float, Nrow);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyNoise, float, Nrow);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckNoise, float, Nrow);
-
-  // work on segments of Nrow at a time
-  // XXX worry about last segment (< Nrow rows)
-  int pass = 0;
-  for (int row = 0; row < Ny - Nrow; row += Nrow, pass++) {
-
-    int Nresult = 0;
-
-    // obj, sky, bck are initial guesses.  Also use these values to define a range for the initial guesses.
-
-    // If I just use the value in a given bin to define the range, random noise for the
-    // faint end could have bad results (range ~ 0.0).  For that matter, if I am in a
-    // region with large dynamic range (e.g., on an emission or absorption line), then we
-    // likely have large errors in how the guess follows the truth. 
-
-    /** old concept:
-    float objRange = 0, skyRange = 0, bckRange = 0;
-    for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
-      objRange = MAX(objVal[iy + row], objRange);
-      skyRange = MAX(skyVal[iy + row], skyRange);
-      bckRange = MAX(bckVal[iy + row], bckRange);
-    }
-    **/
-
-    // new concept: start with 2-sigma range, then ramp down below
-    for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
-      objNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(objVal[iy + row]) / gain, noiseVar));
-      skyNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(skyVal[iy + row]) / gain, noiseVar));
-      bckNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(bckVal[iy + row]) / gain, noiseVar));
-    }
-
-    // first test is the input guess
-    if (1) { 
-      opihi_flt *objtest = deimos_make_test (objVal, NULL, row, Nrow, TRUE);
-      opihi_flt *skytest = deimos_make_test (skyVal, NULL, row, Nrow, TRUE);
-      opihi_flt *bcktest = deimos_make_test (bckVal, NULL, row, Nrow, TRUE);
-
-      // generate the model based on the test values
-      // objtest, skytest, bcktest are segments of the full parameter vectors
-      float *model = deimos_make_model (objtest, skytest, bcktest, psf, profile, trace, Nx, Nrow, row);
-      
-      // calculate the current chisq
-      // XXX need to add in the per-pixel error or variance
-      int Npts = 0;
-      float chisq = deimos_get_chisq (bufVal, model, Nx, Nrow, row, &Npts);
-      fprintf (stderr, "guess: chisq: %f, Npts: %d\n", chisq, Npts);
-      free (model);
-
-      if (pass < Npass) {
-	chiPass[pass]->elements.Flt[Nresult] = chisq / (float) Npts;
-      }
-
-      // save the results
-      result[Nresult].chisq = chisq / (float) Npts;
-      result[Nresult].obj = objtest;
-      result[Nresult].sky = skytest;
-      result[Nresult].bck = bcktest;
-      Nresult ++;
-    }
-
-    // run Niter iterations
-    for (int iter = 0; iter < Niter; iter ++) {
-
-      // generate a set of test values for obj, sky, backgnd based on the current guess
-      opihi_flt *objtest = deimos_make_test (objVal, objNoise, row, Nrow, TRUE);
-      opihi_flt *skytest = deimos_make_test (skyVal, skyNoise, row, Nrow, TRUE);
-      opihi_flt *bcktest = deimos_make_test (bckVal, bckNoise, row, Nrow, TRUE);
-      
-      for (int itmp = 0; FALSE && (itmp < Nrow); itmp++) {
-	fprintf (stderr, "val: %f %f %f, tst: %f %f %f\n",
-		 objVal[itmp + row],  skyVal[itmp + row],  bckVal[itmp + row], 
-		 objtest[itmp], skytest[itmp], bcktest[itmp]);
-      }
-
-      // generate the model based on the test values
-      // objtest, skytest, bcktest are segments of the full parameter vectors
-      float *model = deimos_make_model (objtest, skytest, bcktest, psf, profile, trace, Nx, Nrow, row);
-      
-      // calculate the current chisq
-      // XXX need to add in the per-pixel error or variance
-      int Npts = 0;
-      float chisq = deimos_get_chisq (bufVal, model, Nx, Nrow, row, &Npts);
-      // fprintf (stderr, "iter: %d, chisq: %f, Npts: %d\n", iter, chisq, Npts);
-      free (model);
-
-      if (pass < Npass) {
-	chiPass[pass]->elements.Flt[Nresult] = chisq / (float) Npts;
-      }
-
-      // save the results
-      result[Nresult].chisq = chisq / (float) Npts;
-      result[Nresult].obj = objtest;
-      result[Nresult].sky = skytest;
-      result[Nresult].bck = bcktest;
-      Nresult ++;
-    }
-      
-    for (int try = 0; try < Ntry; try ++) {
-      // generate an index of results sorted by chisq
-      int *IDX = deimos_sort_result (result, Nresult);
-
-      int Nnewset = 0;
-
-      // XXX not sure this scaling factor concept is good
-      for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
-	objNoise[iy] = scale*objNoise[iy];
-	skyNoise[iy] = scale*skyNoise[iy];
-	bckNoise[iy] = scale*bckNoise[iy];
-      }
-
-      // run Niter iterations, selecting guess values from the result set
-      for (int iter = 0; iter < Niter; iter ++) {
-	int bin = deimos_get_random_sample (Nresult);
-	int entry = IDX[bin];
-	// fprintf (stderr, "try: %d : %d, %f\n", bin, entry, result[entry].chisq);
-
-	// generate a set of test values for obj, sky, backgnd based on the current guess
-	opihi_flt *objtest = deimos_make_test (result[entry].obj, objNoise, row, Nrow, FALSE);
-	opihi_flt *skytest = deimos_make_test (result[entry].sky, skyNoise, row, Nrow, FALSE);
-	opihi_flt *bcktest = deimos_make_test (result[entry].bck, bckNoise, row, Nrow, FALSE);
-      
-	for (int itmp = 0; FALSE && (itmp < Nrow); itmp++) {
-	  fprintf (stderr, "val: %f %f %f, tst: %f %f %f\n",
-		   result[entry].obj[itmp], result[entry].sky[itmp], result[entry].bck[itmp], 
-		   objtest[itmp], skytest[itmp], bcktest[itmp]);
-	}
-
-	// generate the model based on the test values
-	float *model = deimos_make_model (objtest, skytest, bcktest, psf, profile, trace, Nx, Nrow, row);
-      
-	// calculate the current chisq
-	int Npts = 0;
-	float chisq = deimos_get_chisq (bufVal, model, Nx, Nrow, row, &Npts);
-	// fprintf (stderr, "try: %d, iter: %d, chisq: %f, Npts: %d\n", try, iter, chisq, Npts);
-	free (model);
-
-	if (pass < Npass) {
-	  chiPass[pass]->elements.Flt[Nresult + Nnewset] = chisq / (float) Npts;
-	}
-
-	// save the results
-	result[Nresult + Nnewset].chisq = chisq / (float) Npts;
-	result[Nresult + Nnewset].obj = objtest;
-	result[Nresult + Nnewset].sky = skytest;
-	result[Nresult + Nnewset].bck = bcktest;
-	Nnewset ++;
-      }
-      Nresult += Nnewset;
-    }
-
-    int *IDX = deimos_sort_result (result, Nresult);
-
-    // ENDING: save the best result and info about the allowed chisq region
-    // int *index = sort_result (result, Nresult);
-    // copy result[index[0]].obj,sky,bck to obj,sky,bck
-    for (int i = 0; i < Nresult; i++) {
-      for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
-	if (SAVE_ALL_VECTORS) {
-	  objOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[i]].obj[iy];
-	  skyOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[i]].sky[iy];
-	  bckOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[i]].bck[iy];
+
+      if (1) {
+	if (DO_PLUS) {
+	  objVal[row] += dObj;
+	  skyVal[row] += dSky;
+	  bckVal[row] += dBck;
+	} else {
+	  objVal[row] -= dObj;
+	  skyVal[row] -= dSky;
+	  bckVal[row] -= dBck;
 	}
       }
-      chisqVect->elements.Flt[i] += result[IDX[i]].chisq;
+
+      free (objCurr);
+      free (skyCurr);
+      free (bckCurr);
+
+      free (model_ref);
+
+      free (model_obj);
+      free (model_sky);
+      free (model_bck);
+
+      free (objtest);
+      free (skytest);
+      free (bcktest);
+
+      if (VERBOSE) fprintf (stderr, "chisq: %f (%f, %f, %f)\n", chisq, dObj, dSky, dBck);
     }
-    if (SAVE_MIN_VECTORS) {
-      for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
-	objMin->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[0]].obj[iy];
-	skyMin->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[0]].sky[iy];
-	bckMin->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[0]].bck[iy];
-      }
+
+    float *model_full = deimos_make_model (objVal, skyVal, bckVal, psf, profile, slit_trace_red, slit_trace_blu, redlimit, psf_trace, Nx, Ny, 0);
+
+    int Npts = 0;
+    float chisq_full  = deimos_get_chisq (bufVal, varVal, model_full, Nx, Ny, 0, &Npts);
+
+    if (model) {
+      free (model[0].matrix.buffer);
+      model[0].matrix.buffer = (char *) model_full;
+    } else {
+      free (model_full);
     }
+
+    fprintf (stderr, "** Full chisq: %f (%d) : %f)\n", chisq_full, Npts, chisq_full / (1.0 * Npts));
   }
 
@@ -434,5 +365,6 @@
 
  usage:
-  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos fitobj (buffer) (Xref) -object vector -sky vector -backgnd vector -trace spline -profile vector -psf vector -stilt (angle)\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos fitobj (buffer) (Xref) -object vector -sky vector -backgnd vector -slit-trace-red (spline) -slit-trace-blu (spline) -psf-trace (spline) -profile vector -psf vector -stilt (angle)\n");
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "OPTIONS: [-model image] [-variance image] [-gain value] [-noise value] [-nsigma value] [-lambda value] [-iter N] [-row N] [-redlimit Npixel] [-skipfit] [-v] [-plus]\n");
   return FALSE;
 }
@@ -440,38 +372,120 @@
 /****************** fitobj Support Functions *******************/
 
-static opihi_flt *deimos_make_test (opihi_flt *guess, float *sigma, int row, int Nrow, int fullInput) {
-
-  // we have a vector, guess, with some length >= row + Nrow.
-  // generate a set of random values in the vicinty of guess[row] to guess[row+Nrow]
-  // return vector is of length Nrow
+// we generate a new vector with a single element (row) modified based on sigma
+opihi_flt *deimos_subvector (opihi_flt *fullVec, int row, int Nrow) {
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (value, opihi_flt, Nrow);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < Nrow; i++) {
+    value[i] = fullVec[i + row];
+  }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+
+// we generate a new vector with a single element (row) modified based on sigma
+static opihi_flt *deimos_make_test (opihi_flt *guess, float sigma, int row, int Nrow, float *dValue) {
 
   // if fullInput is TRUE,  the guess vector runs from 0 to Ny (full wavelength range)
   // if fullInput is FALSE, the guess vector runs from row to row + Nrow (subset range)
-  // sigma is always only Nrow long
+  // sigma is valid for the element at row
 
   ALLOCATE_PTR (value, opihi_flt, Nrow);
 
-  int start_pix = fullInput ? row : 0;
-  int stop_pix  = fullInput ? row + Nrow : Nrow;
-
-  int iv = 0;
-  for (int i = start_pix; i < stop_pix; i++, iv++) {
-    if (!sigma) {
-      value[iv] = guess[i];
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (USE_GAUSS_DEV) {
-      value[iv] = ohana_gaussdev_rnd(guess[i], sigma[iv]);
-      continue;
-    } 
-    
-    // uniform distribution:
-    value[iv] = sigma[iv]*(drand48() - 0.5) + guess[i];
-  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < Nrow; i++) {
+    value[i] = guess[i];
+  }
+
+  value[row] = guess[row] + 0.1*sigma;
+
+  *dValue = 0.1*sigma;
   return value;
 }
 
 
-static float deimos_get_chisq (float *buffer, float *model, int Nx, int Ny, int row, int *Npts) {
+double deimos_LMM_update (float *data, float *vardata, float *model_ref,
+			  float *model_obj, float *model_sky, float *model_bck,
+			  float *dObj, float *dSky, float *dBck, int Nx, int Ny, int row, float lambda) {
+  
+  // we are going to loop over the images calculating the following value:
+
+  // W = 1 / sigma^2, leave as 1.0 for now
+  // chisq = sum W * (data - model_ref)^2 
+  // dF_X = sum W * (data - model_ref) * (model_ref - model_X) / dX
+  // d2F_XY = sum W * (model_ref - model_X) * (model_ref - model_Y) / (dX * dY)
+
+  double chisq = 0.0;
+  double dF_obj = 0.0, dF_sky = 0.0, dF_bck = 0.0;
+  double d2F_obj_obj = 0.0, d2F_obj_sky = 0.0, d2F_obj_bck = 0.0, d2F_sky_sky = 0.0, d2F_sky_bck = 0.0, d2F_bck_bck = 0.0;
+
+  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+    for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
+      int pix = ix + iy*Nx;
+      int pix_data  = ix + (iy + row)*Nx;
+
+      // if any of the pixel values are NAN, skip the point:
+      if (!isfinite(data[pix_data])) continue;
+      if (!isfinite(model_ref[pix])) continue;
+      if (!isfinite(model_obj[pix])) continue;
+      if (!isfinite(model_sky[pix])) continue;
+      if (!isfinite(model_bck[pix])) continue;
+
+      if (vardata && !isfinite(vardata[pix_data])) continue;
+      float Var = vardata ? vardata[pix_data] : 1.0;
+      float W = (fabs(Var) < 0.01) ? 100.0 : 1.0 / Var;
+
+      float df = W * (data[pix_data] - model_ref[pix]);
+
+      chisq += SQ(df);
+
+      float df_obj = (model_ref[pix] - model_obj[pix]) / *dObj;
+      float df_sky = (model_ref[pix] - model_sky[pix]) / *dSky;
+      float df_bck = (model_ref[pix] - model_bck[pix]) / *dBck;
+
+      dF_obj += df*df_obj;
+      dF_sky += df*df_sky;
+      dF_bck += df*df_bck;
+
+      d2F_obj_obj += W * SQ(df_obj);
+      d2F_sky_sky += W * SQ(df_sky);
+      d2F_bck_bck += W * SQ(df_bck);
+
+      d2F_obj_sky += W * df_obj * df_sky;
+      d2F_obj_bck += W * df_obj * df_bck;
+      d2F_sky_bck += W * df_sky * df_bck;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // these are the elements of Ax = B
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (A, double *, 3);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (B, double *, 3);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    ALLOCATE (A[i], double, 3);
+    ALLOCATE (B[i], double, 1);
+  }
+
+  A[0][0] = d2F_obj_obj * (1.0 + lambda);
+  A[1][1] = d2F_sky_sky * (1.0 + lambda);
+  A[2][2] = d2F_bck_bck * (1.0 + lambda);
+
+  A[0][1] = A[1][0] = d2F_obj_sky;
+  A[1][2] = A[2][1] = d2F_sky_bck;
+  A[0][2] = A[2][0] = d2F_obj_bck;
+
+  B[0][0] = dF_obj;
+  B[1][0] = dF_sky;
+  B[2][0] = dF_bck;
+
+  dgaussjordan (A, B, 3, 1);
+
+  *dObj = B[0][0];
+  *dSky = B[1][0];
+  *dBck = B[2][0];
+
+  return chisq;
+}
+
+static float deimos_get_chisq (float *buffer, float *vardata, float *model, int Nx, int Ny, int row, int *Npts) {
 
   int npts = 0;
@@ -487,5 +501,12 @@
       if (!isfinite(buffer[pix_buffer])) continue;
       if (!isfinite(model[pix_model])) continue;
-      chisq += SQ(buffer[pix_buffer] - model[pix_model]);
+
+      if (vardata && !isfinite(vardata[pix_buffer])) continue;
+      float Var = vardata ? vardata[pix_buffer] : 1.0;
+      float W = (fabs(Var) < 0.01) ? 100.0 : 1.0 / Var;
+
+      float dchisq = SQ(buffer[pix_buffer] - model[pix_model]) * W;
+      if (!isfinite(dchisq)) continue;
+      chisq += dchisq;
       npts ++;
     }
@@ -494,42 +515,2 @@
   return chisq;
 }
-
-int *deimos_sort_result (DeimosResult *result, int Nresult) {
-
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (IDX,   int,   Nresult);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (chisq, float, Nresult);
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < Nresult; i++) {
-    IDX[i] = i;
-    chisq[i] = result[i].chisq;
-  }
-
-  sort_float_index (chisq, IDX, Nresult);
-  free (chisq);
-
-  return IDX;
-}
-
-static float DEIMOS_A = 2.0; // value for random sample
-
-int deimos_get_random_sample (int Nresult) {
-
-  // choose a bin from the range 0 - Nresult, with front-loaded weighting.
-
-  // bin = Nresult * (exp(q) - exp(-A)) / (exp(A) - exp(-A))
-  // q = 2A(x - 1/2) : random number between -A and +A
-  // x : random number between 0 and 1
-
-  // f(q;A) = (exp(q) - exp(-A)) / (exp(A) - exp(-A))
-  // f(q;A) ranges from 0 to +1 as x ranges from 0 to +1
-
-  float x = drand48();
-  float q = 2*DEIMOS_A*(x - 0.5);
-  float f = (exp(q) - exp(-DEIMOS_A)) / (exp(DEIMOS_A) - exp(-DEIMOS_A));
-  // XXX optimization : precalculate and save the elements of this function
-  
-  int bin = floor(Nresult * f);
-
-  return bin;
-}
-# endif
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitobj.v0.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitobj.v0.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitobj.v0.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+# include "data.h"
+# include "deimos.h"
+
+# if (0) 
+int deimos_fitobj (int argc, char **argv) {
+  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
+  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(argv);
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+# else
+
+/*
+  this is starting to work OK.  some improvements to make
+  * use Gaussdev to sample
+  * do not scale down range (or user-set scale-down)
+ */
+
+// internal functions to fitobj
+static float      deimos_get_chisq (float *buffer, float *model, int Nx, int Ny, int row, int *Npts);
+int              *deimos_sort_result (DeimosResult *result, int Nresult);
+int               deimos_get_random_sample (int Nresult);
+static opihi_flt *deimos_make_test (opihi_flt *guess, float *sigma, int row, int Nrow, int fullInput);
+
+int USE_GAUSS_DEV = FALSE;
+
+int deimos_fitobj (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  // input parameters:
+  // * buffer      : 2D image of slit (full frame or cutout?)
+  // * trace       : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
+  // * profile     : slit window profile (vector)
+  // * PSF         : point-spread function vector (flux normalized, x-dir)
+  // * stilt       : slit tilt response : 2D kernel? 
+
+  // in-out parameters:
+  // * obj  : vector of object flux vs y-coord (starting guess and result)
+  // * sky  : vector of local sky signal vs y-coord 
+  // * bck  : vector of extra-slit background flux vs y-coord
+
+  int N;
+
+  Spline *trace   = NULL;
+  Vector *profile = NULL;
+
+  Vector *obj     = NULL;
+  Vector *sky     = NULL;
+  Vector *bck     = NULL;
+
+  Vector *psf     = NULL;
+
+  Buffer *buffer  = NULL;
+
+  float stilt = 0.0; // angle of the slit
+  ohana_gaussdev_init ();
+
+  fprintf (stderr, "use deimos fitalt instead\n");
+  return FALSE;
+
+  // a crude noise model valid for both the guess vectors and the
+  // data buffer:
+  float gain = 1.0;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-gain"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    gain = atof(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  float noise = 0.0;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-noise"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    noise = atof(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  float nsigma = 2.0;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-nsigma"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    nsigma = atof(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  float scale = 0.75;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-scale"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    scale = atof(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+
+  int Niter = 25;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-iter"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Niter = atoi(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  int Ntry = 5;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-try"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Ntry = atoi(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  int Nrow = 5;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-row"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Nrow = atoi(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  USE_GAUSS_DEV = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-gaussdev"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    USE_GAUSS_DEV = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  int SAVE_ALL_VECTORS = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-save-all-vectors"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    SAVE_ALL_VECTORS = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  int SAVE_MIN_VECTORS = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-save-min-vectors"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    SAVE_MIN_VECTORS = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  // Input parameters:
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-trace"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-profile"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((profile = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-psf"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((psf = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-stilt"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    stilt = atof (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+
+  // In-Out parameters:
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-object"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((obj = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-sky"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((sky = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-backgnd"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((bck = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+
+  if (argc != 3) goto usage;
+
+  // buffer is the full image, Xref is reference coordinate of the profile in the buffer
+  if ((buffer = SelectBuffer (argv[1], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  
+  // profile and PSF are defined with central reference pixel mapped to Xref (+ trace)
+  if (profile->Nelements % 2 == 0) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "slit profile vector must have an odd number of pixels\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  if (psf->Nelements % 2 == 0) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "PSF vector must have an odd number of pixels\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  // observed buffer size
+  int Nx = buffer[0].matrix.Naxis[0];
+  int Ny = buffer[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
+  float *bufVal = (float *) buffer->matrix.buffer;
+
+  // obj, sky, bck must be consistent with data
+  if (Ny != obj->Nelements) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "inconsistent wavelength scales (object)\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  if (Ny != sky->Nelements) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "inconsistent wavelength scales (sky)\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  if (Ny != bck->Nelements) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "inconsistent wavelength scales (backgnd)\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  // for the cross-dispersion reference pixle, use the user value or set to Nx/2 if < 0
+  deimos_set_cross_ref (atoi(argv[2]), Nx); 
+  deimos_make_kernel (stilt, Nx);
+
+  // the functions below accept an opihi_flt array for object, sky, background
+  opihi_flt *objVal = obj->elements.Flt;
+  opihi_flt *skyVal = sky->elements.Flt;
+  opihi_flt *bckVal = bck->elements.Flt;
+
+  int NRESULT = Niter + Ntry*Niter + 1;
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (result, DeimosResult, NRESULT);
+
+  Vector **objOut = NULL;
+  Vector **skyOut = NULL;
+  Vector **bckOut = NULL;
+  Vector  *objMin = NULL;
+  Vector  *skyMin = NULL;
+  Vector  *bckMin = NULL;
+
+  // Save all result vectors for each of obj, sky, bck:
+  if (SAVE_ALL_VECTORS) {
+    ALLOCATE (objOut, Vector *, NRESULT);
+    ALLOCATE (skyOut, Vector *, NRESULT);
+    ALLOCATE (bckOut, Vector *, NRESULT);
+    for (int i = 0; i < NRESULT; i++) {
+      char name[64];
+      snprintf (name, 64, "obj_%04d", i); if ((objOut[i] = SelectVector (name, ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (objOut[i], OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+      snprintf (name, 64, "sky_%04d", i); if ((skyOut[i] = SelectVector (name, ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (skyOut[i], OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+      snprintf (name, 64, "bck_%04d", i); if ((bckOut[i] = SelectVector (name, ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (bckOut[i], OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+      for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+	objOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
+	skyOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
+	bckOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (SAVE_MIN_VECTORS) {
+    if ((objMin = SelectVector ("objMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (objMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    if ((skyMin = SelectVector ("skyMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (skyMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    if ((bckMin = SelectVector ("bckMin", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return (FALSE); } ResetVector (bckMin, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+      objMin->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
+      skyMin->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
+      bckMin->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.0;
+    }
+  }
+  Vector *chisqVect;
+  if ((chisqVect = SelectVector ("chisqOut", ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return FALSE; }
+  ResetVector (chisqVect, OPIHI_FLT, NRESULT);
+  for (int i = 0; i < NRESULT; i++) { chisqVect->elements.Flt[i] = 0.0; }
+
+  // XXX temp hack: save chisq subset vectors for each row pass
+  int Npass = Ny / Nrow;
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (chiPass, Vector *, Npass);
+  for (int pass = 0; pass < Npass; pass++) {
+    char name[64];
+    snprintf (name, 64, "chiPass_%03d", pass);
+    if ((chiPass[pass] = SelectVector (name, ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) { return FALSE; } ResetVector (chiPass[pass], OPIHI_FLT, NRESULT);
+  }
+
+  float noiseVar = SQ(noise);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (objNoise, float, Nrow);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyNoise, float, Nrow);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckNoise, float, Nrow);
+
+  // work on segments of Nrow at a time
+  // XXX worry about last segment (< Nrow rows)
+  int pass = 0;
+  for (int row = 0; row < Ny - Nrow; row += Nrow, pass++) {
+
+    int Nresult = 0;
+
+    // obj, sky, bck are initial guesses.  Also use these values to define a range for the initial guesses.
+
+    // If I just use the value in a given bin to define the range, random noise for the
+    // faint end could have bad results (range ~ 0.0).  For that matter, if I am in a
+    // region with large dynamic range (e.g., on an emission or absorption line), then we
+    // likely have large errors in how the guess follows the truth. 
+
+    /** old concept:
+    float objRange = 0, skyRange = 0, bckRange = 0;
+    for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
+      objRange = MAX(objVal[iy + row], objRange);
+      skyRange = MAX(skyVal[iy + row], skyRange);
+      bckRange = MAX(bckVal[iy + row], bckRange);
+    }
+    **/
+
+    // new concept: start with 2-sigma range, then ramp down below
+    for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
+      objNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(objVal[iy + row]) / gain, noiseVar));
+      skyNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(skyVal[iy + row]) / gain, noiseVar));
+      bckNoise[iy] = nsigma*sqrt(hypot(fabs(bckVal[iy + row]) / gain, noiseVar));
+    }
+
+    // first test is the input guess
+    if (1) { 
+      opihi_flt *objtest = deimos_make_test (objVal, NULL, row, Nrow, TRUE);
+      opihi_flt *skytest = deimos_make_test (skyVal, NULL, row, Nrow, TRUE);
+      opihi_flt *bcktest = deimos_make_test (bckVal, NULL, row, Nrow, TRUE);
+      
+      // generate the model based on the test values
+      // objtest, skytest, bcktest are segments of the full parameter vectors
+      float *model = deimos_make_model (objtest, skytest, bcktest, psf, profile, trace, NULL, Nx, Nrow, row);
+      
+      // calculate the current chisq
+      // XXX need to add in the per-pixel error or variance
+      int Npts = 0;
+      float chisq = deimos_get_chisq (bufVal, model, Nx, Nrow, row, &Npts);
+      fprintf (stderr, "guess: chisq: %f, Npts: %d\n", chisq, Npts);
+      free (model);
+
+      if (pass < Npass) {
+	chiPass[pass]->elements.Flt[Nresult] = chisq / (float) Npts;
+      }
+
+      // save the results
+      result[Nresult].chisq = chisq / (float) Npts;
+      result[Nresult].obj = objtest;
+      result[Nresult].sky = skytest;
+      result[Nresult].bck = bcktest;
+      Nresult ++;
+    }
+
+    // run Niter iterations
+    for (int iter = 0; iter < Niter; iter ++) {
+
+      // generate a set of test values for obj, sky, backgnd based on the current guess
+      opihi_flt *objtest = deimos_make_test (objVal, objNoise, row, Nrow, TRUE);
+      opihi_flt *skytest = deimos_make_test (skyVal, skyNoise, row, Nrow, TRUE);
+      opihi_flt *bcktest = deimos_make_test (bckVal, bckNoise, row, Nrow, TRUE);
+      
+      for (int itmp = 0; FALSE && (itmp < Nrow); itmp++) {
+	fprintf (stderr, "val: %f %f %f, tst: %f %f %f\n",
+		 objVal[itmp + row],  skyVal[itmp + row],  bckVal[itmp + row], 
+		 objtest[itmp], skytest[itmp], bcktest[itmp]);
+      }
+
+      // generate the model based on the test values
+      // objtest, skytest, bcktest are segments of the full parameter vectors
+      float *model = deimos_make_model (objtest, skytest, bcktest, psf, profile, trace, NULL, Nx, Nrow, row);
+      
+      // calculate the current chisq
+      // XXX need to add in the per-pixel error or variance
+      int Npts = 0;
+      float chisq = deimos_get_chisq (bufVal, model, Nx, Nrow, row, &Npts);
+      // fprintf (stderr, "iter: %d, chisq: %f, Npts: %d\n", iter, chisq, Npts);
+      free (model);
+
+      if (pass < Npass) {
+	chiPass[pass]->elements.Flt[Nresult] = chisq / (float) Npts;
+      }
+
+      // save the results
+      result[Nresult].chisq = chisq / (float) Npts;
+      result[Nresult].obj = objtest;
+      result[Nresult].sky = skytest;
+      result[Nresult].bck = bcktest;
+      Nresult ++;
+    }
+      
+    for (int try = 0; try < Ntry; try ++) {
+      // generate an index of results sorted by chisq
+      int *IDX = deimos_sort_result (result, Nresult);
+
+      int Nnewset = 0;
+
+      // XXX not sure this scaling factor concept is good
+      for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
+	objNoise[iy] = scale*objNoise[iy];
+	skyNoise[iy] = scale*skyNoise[iy];
+	bckNoise[iy] = scale*bckNoise[iy];
+      }
+
+      // run Niter iterations, selecting guess values from the result set
+      for (int iter = 0; iter < Niter; iter ++) {
+	int bin = deimos_get_random_sample (Nresult);
+	int entry = IDX[bin];
+	// fprintf (stderr, "try: %d : %d, %f\n", bin, entry, result[entry].chisq);
+
+	// generate a set of test values for obj, sky, backgnd based on the current guess
+	opihi_flt *objtest = deimos_make_test (result[entry].obj, objNoise, row, Nrow, FALSE);
+	opihi_flt *skytest = deimos_make_test (result[entry].sky, skyNoise, row, Nrow, FALSE);
+	opihi_flt *bcktest = deimos_make_test (result[entry].bck, bckNoise, row, Nrow, FALSE);
+      
+	for (int itmp = 0; FALSE && (itmp < Nrow); itmp++) {
+	  fprintf (stderr, "val: %f %f %f, tst: %f %f %f\n",
+		   result[entry].obj[itmp], result[entry].sky[itmp], result[entry].bck[itmp], 
+		   objtest[itmp], skytest[itmp], bcktest[itmp]);
+	}
+
+	// generate the model based on the test values
+	float *model = deimos_make_model (objtest, skytest, bcktest, psf, profile, trace, NULL, Nx, Nrow, row);
+      
+	// calculate the current chisq
+	int Npts = 0;
+	float chisq = deimos_get_chisq (bufVal, model, Nx, Nrow, row, &Npts);
+	// fprintf (stderr, "try: %d, iter: %d, chisq: %f, Npts: %d\n", try, iter, chisq, Npts);
+	free (model);
+
+	if (pass < Npass) {
+	  chiPass[pass]->elements.Flt[Nresult + Nnewset] = chisq / (float) Npts;
+	}
+
+	// save the results
+	result[Nresult + Nnewset].chisq = chisq / (float) Npts;
+	result[Nresult + Nnewset].obj = objtest;
+	result[Nresult + Nnewset].sky = skytest;
+	result[Nresult + Nnewset].bck = bcktest;
+	Nnewset ++;
+      }
+      Nresult += Nnewset;
+    }
+
+    int *IDX = deimos_sort_result (result, Nresult);
+
+    // ENDING: save the best result and info about the allowed chisq region
+    // int *index = sort_result (result, Nresult);
+    // copy result[index[0]].obj,sky,bck to obj,sky,bck
+    for (int i = 0; i < Nresult; i++) {
+      for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
+	if (SAVE_ALL_VECTORS) {
+	  objOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[i]].obj[iy];
+	  skyOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[i]].sky[iy];
+	  bckOut[i]->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[i]].bck[iy];
+	}
+      }
+      chisqVect->elements.Flt[i] += result[IDX[i]].chisq;
+    }
+    if (SAVE_MIN_VECTORS) {
+      for (int iy = 0; iy < Nrow; iy++) {
+	objMin->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[0]].obj[iy];
+	skyMin->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[0]].sky[iy];
+	bckMin->elements.Flt[iy + row] = result[IDX[0]].bck[iy];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+
+ usage:
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos fitobj (buffer) (Xref) -object vector -sky vector -backgnd vector -trace spline -profile vector -psf vector -stilt (angle)\n");
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+/****************** fitobj Support Functions *******************/
+
+static opihi_flt *deimos_make_test (opihi_flt *guess, float *sigma, int row, int Nrow, int fullInput) {
+
+  // we have a vector, guess, with some length >= row + Nrow.
+  // generate a set of random values in the vicinty of guess[row] to guess[row+Nrow]
+  // return vector is of length Nrow
+
+  // if fullInput is TRUE,  the guess vector runs from 0 to Ny (full wavelength range)
+  // if fullInput is FALSE, the guess vector runs from row to row + Nrow (subset range)
+  // sigma is always only Nrow long
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (value, opihi_flt, Nrow);
+
+  int start_pix = fullInput ? row : 0;
+  int stop_pix  = fullInput ? row + Nrow : Nrow;
+
+  int iv = 0;
+  for (int i = start_pix; i < stop_pix; i++, iv++) {
+    if (!sigma) {
+      value[iv] = guess[i];
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (USE_GAUSS_DEV) {
+      value[iv] = ohana_gaussdev_rnd(guess[i], sigma[iv]);
+      continue;
+    } 
+    
+    // uniform distribution:
+    value[iv] = sigma[iv]*(drand48() - 0.5) + guess[i];
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+
+static float deimos_get_chisq (float *buffer, float *model, int Nx, int Ny, int row, int *Npts) {
+
+  int npts = 0;
+  float chisq = 0;
+
+  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+
+    for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
+
+      int pix_buffer = ix + (iy + row)*Nx;
+      int pix_model  = ix +  iy*Nx;
+
+      if (!isfinite(buffer[pix_buffer])) continue;
+      if (!isfinite(model[pix_model])) continue;
+      chisq += SQ(buffer[pix_buffer] - model[pix_model]);
+      npts ++;
+    }
+  }
+  *Npts = npts;
+  return chisq;
+}
+
+int *deimos_sort_result (DeimosResult *result, int Nresult) {
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (IDX,   int,   Nresult);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (chisq, float, Nresult);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < Nresult; i++) {
+    IDX[i] = i;
+    chisq[i] = result[i].chisq;
+  }
+
+  sort_float_index (chisq, IDX, Nresult);
+  free (chisq);
+
+  return IDX;
+}
+
+static float DEIMOS_A = 2.0; // value for random sample
+
+int deimos_get_random_sample (int Nresult) {
+
+  // choose a bin from the range 0 - Nresult, with front-loaded weighting.
+
+  // bin = Nresult * (exp(q) - exp(-A)) / (exp(A) - exp(-A))
+  // q = 2A(x - 1/2) : random number between -A and +A
+  // x : random number between 0 and 1
+
+  // f(q;A) = (exp(q) - exp(-A)) / (exp(A) - exp(-A))
+  // f(q;A) ranges from 0 to +1 as x ranges from 0 to +1
+
+  float x = drand48();
+  float q = 2*DEIMOS_A*(x - 0.5);
+  float f = (exp(q) - exp(-DEIMOS_A)) / (exp(DEIMOS_A) - exp(-DEIMOS_A));
+  // XXX optimization : precalculate and save the elements of this function
+  
+  int bin = floor(Nresult * f);
+
+  return bin;
+}
+# endif
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitprofile.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitprofile.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitprofile.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+typedef opihi_flt FitFunc (opihi_flt, opihi_flt *, int, opihi_flt *);
+typedef enum {MODE_UPPER, MODE_LOWER} SigmoidMode;
+
+void sigmoid_fit (opihi_flt *xprofile, opihi_flt *fprofile, opihi_flt *wprofile, opihi_flt *oprofile, int Npts, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, FitFunc *FUNC);
+void sigmoid_fit_irls (opihi_flt *xprofile, opihi_flt *fprofile, opihi_flt *wprofile, opihi_flt *oprofile, int NptsAll, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, SigmoidMode mode, double limit);
+
+opihi_flt fsigmoidDeimos (opihi_flt, opihi_flt *, int, opihi_flt *);
+opihi_flt rsigmoidDeimos (opihi_flt, opihi_flt *, int, opihi_flt *);
+
+double deimos_weight_cauchy (double x);
+
+// use these globals to carry into sigmoid_fit
+static int VERBOSE = FALSE;
+static int QUIET   = FALSE;
+static int MaxIterations = 10;
+
+int deimos_fitprofile (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  // fit simple slit window profile model to vector
+  // I am fitting a sigmoid at both edges
+
+  // input parameters:
+  // * xprofile    : extracted slit window coordinates (vector)
+  // * xprofile    : extracted slit window profile (vector)
+  // * Xs, Xe      : scale coordinates of window boundaries
+
+  // output parameters:
+  // * sigmoid_left_center, etc : coordinates of window boundaries
+
+  int N;
+  Vector *xprofile = NULL;
+  Vector *fprofile = NULL;
+  Vector *wprofile = NULL;
+
+  QUIET = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-q"))) {
+    QUIET = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-quiet"))) {
+    QUIET = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  VERBOSE = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-v"))) {
+    VERBOSE = TRUE;
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  MaxIterations = 10;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-max-iterations"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    MaxIterations = atof(argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  if (argc != 6) goto usage;
+  if ((xprofile = SelectVector (argv[1], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((fprofile = SelectVector (argv[2], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((wprofile = SelectVector (argv[3], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if (xprofile->Nelements != fprofile->Nelements) goto usage;
+  if (xprofile->Nelements != wprofile->Nelements) goto usage;
+
+  // supplied guess for boundaries
+  double Xs = atof(argv[4]);
+  double Xe = atof(argv[5]);
+
+  // output vectors of fits
+  Vector *Lprofile = SelectVector ("sigmoid_left", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);
+  if (Lprofile == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  MatchVector (Lprofile, xprofile, OPIHI_FLT);
+  Vector *Rprofile = SelectVector ("sigmoid_right", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);
+  if (Rprofile == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  MatchVector (Rprofile, xprofile, OPIHI_FLT);
+
+  // first, use supplied Xs & Xe guess to make a guess for BckL, Sky, BckR
+  
+  float Sky_V = 0.0, BckL_V = 0.0, BckR_V = 0.0;
+  float Sky_N = 0.0, BckL_N = 0.0, BckR_N = 0.0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < xprofile->Nelements; i++) {
+    if (!isfinite(wprofile->elements.Flt[i])) continue;
+    if (!isfinite(fprofile->elements.Flt[i])) continue;
+    float wt = 1 / SQ(wprofile->elements.Flt[i]);
+    if (xprofile->elements.Flt[i] < Xs) {
+      BckL_V += fprofile->elements.Flt[i]*wt;
+      BckL_N += wt;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (xprofile->elements.Flt[i] > Xe) {
+      BckR_V += fprofile->elements.Flt[i]*wt;
+      BckR_N += wt;
+      continue;
+    }
+    Sky_V += fprofile->elements.Flt[i]*wt;
+    Sky_N += wt;
+  }
+  float Sky = Sky_V / Sky_N;
+  float BckL = BckL_V / BckL_N;
+  float BckR = BckR_V / BckR_N;
+
+  // temporary storage vectors 
+  opihi_flt par[4];
+
+  float Xmid = 0.5*(Xs + Xe);
+
+  int Npar = 4;
+  par[0] = Xs;
+  par[1] = 1;
+  par[2] = Sky;
+  par[3] = BckL;
+  sigmoid_fit_irls (xprofile->elements.Flt, fprofile->elements.Flt, wprofile->elements.Flt, Lprofile->elements.Flt, xprofile->Nelements, par, Npar, MODE_LOWER, Xmid);
+  set_variable ("sigmoid_left_center", par[0]);
+  set_variable ("sigmoid_left_sigma",  par[1]);
+  set_variable ("sigmoid_left_top",    par[2]);
+  set_variable ("sigmoid_left_bottom", par[3]);
+
+  par[0] = Xe;
+  par[1] = 1;
+  par[2] = Sky;
+  par[3] = BckR;
+  sigmoid_fit_irls (xprofile->elements.Flt, fprofile->elements.Flt, wprofile->elements.Flt, Rprofile->elements.Flt, xprofile->Nelements, par, Npar, MODE_UPPER, Xmid);
+  set_variable ("sigmoid_right_center", par[0]);
+  set_variable ("sigmoid_right_sigma",  par[1]);
+  set_variable ("sigmoid_right_top",    par[2]);
+  set_variable ("sigmoid_right_bottom", par[3]);
+ 
+  return TRUE;
+  
+usage:
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos fitprofile xprof fprof wprof Xs Xe\n");
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+/* pars: x_o, sigma, top, bottom */
+opihi_flt rsigmoidDeimos (opihi_flt x, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, opihi_flt *dpar) {
+  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(Npar);
+
+  double z = (x - par[0])/par[1];
+  double r = exp (z);
+  double s = 1 + r;
+  double q = 1 / s;
+  double f = par[2]*q + par[3];
+
+  // df/dp0 = df/dq * dq/dr * dr/dz * dz/dp0
+  // df/dq  = par[2]
+  // dq/ds  = -s^-2 = -q/s
+  // ds/dr  = 1
+  // dr/dz  = r
+  // dz/dp0 = -1 / par[1]
+  // dz/dp1 = -z / par[1]
+
+  // df/dp0 = par[2]*(-q/s)*r*(-1/par[1]) = par[2]*q*r/(s*par[1])
+  // df/dp1 = par[2]*(-q/s)*r*(-z/par[1]) = par[2]*q*r*z/(s*par[1])
+
+  if (dpar) {
+    dpar[0] = par[2]*q*r/(s*par[1]); 
+    dpar[1] = dpar[0]*z;
+    dpar[2] = q;
+    dpar[3] = 1;
+  }
+  
+  return (f);
+}
+
+/* pars: x_o, sigma, top, bottom */
+opihi_flt fsigmoidDeimos (opihi_flt x, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, opihi_flt *dpar) {
+  OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(Npar);
+
+  double z = (x - par[0])/par[1];
+  double r = exp (-z);
+  double s = 1 + r;
+  double q = 1 / s;
+  double f = par[2]*q + par[3];
+
+  // df/dp0 = df/dq * dq/dr * dr/dz * dz/dp0
+  // df/dq  = par[2]
+  // dq/ds  = -s^-2 = -q/s
+  // ds/dr  = 1
+  // dr/dz  = -r
+  // dz/dp0 = -1 / par[1]
+  // dz/dp1 = -z / par[1]
+
+  // df/dp0 = -par[2]*(-q/s)*r*(-1/par[1]) = par[2]*q*r/(s*par[1])
+  // df/dp1 = -par[2]*(-q/s)*r*(-z/par[1]) = par[2]*q*r*z/(s*par[1])
+
+  if (dpar) {
+    dpar[0] = -par[2]*q*r/(s*par[1]); 
+    dpar[1] = dpar[0]*z;
+    dpar[2] = q;
+    dpar[3] = 1;
+  }
+  
+  return (f);
+}
+
+# define FIT_TOLERANCE 1e-4
+# define FLT_TOLERANCE 1e-6
+
+// wprofile is the true poisson error
+void sigmoid_fit_irls (opihi_flt *xprofile, opihi_flt *fprofile, opihi_flt *wprofile, opihi_flt *oprofile, int NptsAll, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, SigmoidMode mode, double limit) {
+
+  FitFunc *FUNC = (mode == MODE_LOWER) ? fsigmoidDeimos : rsigmoidDeimos;
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (par_old, opihi_flt, Npar);
+
+  // allocate these as global static in this file?
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (xtemp, opihi_flt, NptsAll);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (ytemp, opihi_flt, NptsAll);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (wtemp, opihi_flt, NptsAll);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (otemp, opihi_flt, NptsAll);
+
+  // extract the points on the right side and fit
+  int Npts = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < NptsAll; i++) {
+    if (!isfinite(wprofile[i])) continue;
+    if (!isfinite(fprofile[i])) continue;
+    int keep = (mode == MODE_UPPER) ^ (xprofile[i] < limit);
+    if (keep) {
+      xtemp[Npts] = xprofile[i];
+      ytemp[Npts] = fprofile[i];
+      wtemp[Npts] = (wprofile[i] == 0.0) ? 1.0 : wprofile[i]; // crude
+      Npts ++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // define initial weights as 1.0
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (wt, opihi_flt, Npts);
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) { 
+    wt[i] = 1.0 / SQ(wtemp[i]);
+  }
+
+  // initial fit with ordinary least-squares
+  // otemp is the fitted value of the function at xtemp
+  sigmoid_fit (xtemp, ytemp, wt, otemp, Npts, par, Npar, FUNC);
+
+  int converged = FALSE;
+  for (int iterations = 0; !converged && (iterations < MaxIterations); iterations++) {
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+      wt[i] = deimos_weight_cauchy ((ytemp[i] - otemp[i]) / wtemp[i]) / SQ(wtemp[i]);
+    }
+
+    sigmoid_fit (xtemp, ytemp, wt, otemp, Npts, par, Npar, FUNC);
+
+    // save this solution
+    for (int i = 0; i < Npar; i++) {
+      par_old[i] = par[i];
+    }
+
+    converged = TRUE;
+    for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+      if ((fabs(par[i] - par_old[i]) > FIT_TOLERANCE * fabs(par[i])) && 
+	  (fabs(par[i] - par_old[i]) > FLT_TOLERANCE))
+	converged = FALSE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < NptsAll; i++) {
+    oprofile[i] = FUNC (xprofile[i], par, Npar, NULL);
+  }
+
+  FREE (xtemp);
+  FREE (ytemp);
+  FREE (wtemp);
+  FREE (otemp);
+
+  FREE (par_old);
+  FREE (wt);
+}
+
+void sigmoid_fit (opihi_flt *xprofile, opihi_flt *yprofile, opihi_flt *wprofile, opihi_flt *oprofile, int Npts, opihi_flt *par, int Npar, FitFunc *FUNC) {
+
+  double ochisq = mrqinit (xprofile, yprofile, wprofile, Npts, par, Npar, FUNC, VERBOSE);
+  double dchisq = ochisq + 2*Npts;
+
+  int Niter;
+  for (Niter = 0; (Niter < 20) && ((dchisq > 0.1*(Npts - Npar)) || (dchisq <= 0.0)); Niter++) {
+    double chisq = mrqmin (xprofile, yprofile, wprofile, Npts, par, Npar, FUNC, VERBOSE);
+    dchisq = ochisq - chisq;
+    ochisq = chisq;
+    if (VERBOSE) gprint (GP_ERR, "dchisq: %f, Ndof: %d\n", dchisq, Npts - Npar);
+  }  
+  if (VERBOSE) gprint (GP_ERR, "%d iterations\n", Niter); 
+
+  if (!QUIET) gprint (GP_LOG, "sigmoid @ %f (%f) : top %f bottom %f\n", par[0], par[1], par[2], par[3]);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < Npts; i++) {
+    oprofile[i] = FUNC (xprofile[i], par, Npar, NULL);
+  }
+
+  mrqfree (Npar);
+}  
+
+double deimos_weight_cauchy (double x) {
+  double r = x / 2.385;
+  return (1.0 / (1.0 + SQ(r)));
+}
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitslit.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitslit.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_fitslit.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 # include "data.h"
+# define IRLS_TOLERANCE 1e-4
+
+float weight_cauchy_square_flt (float x2);
+static void fitflux (float *Fwind, float *Fprof, float *weight, int Nx, double *flux, double *sky);
 
 int deimos_fitslit (int argc, char **argv) {
 
-  // fitslit (window) (slit) (flux) (sky)
-
-  // int N;
+  // fitslit (window) (vari) (slit) (flux) (sky)
 
   Vector *flux    = NULL;
@@ -11,9 +13,25 @@
 
   Buffer *wind    = NULL;
+  Buffer *vari    = NULL;
   Buffer *slit    = NULL;
 
-  if (argc != 5) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos fitslit (window) (slit) (flux) (sky)\n");
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "  inputs:  window (observed 2D flux), slit (model 2D flux)\n");
+  int N;
+  int Niter = 10;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-irls-iter"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    Niter = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  Buffer *model = NULL;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-model"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((model = SelectBuffer (argv[N], ANYBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  if (argc != 6) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos fitslit (window) (variance) (slit) (flux) (sky)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  inputs:  window (observed 2D flux), variance (on 2D flux), slit (model 2D flux)\n");
     gprint (GP_ERR, "  outputs: flux (best-fit 1D flux), sky (best-fit 1D background)\n");
     return FALSE;
@@ -22,9 +40,8 @@
   // XXX I probably should rename FindSpline as SelectSpline and give it the same behavior
   if ((wind = SelectBuffer (argv[1], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-  if ((slit = SelectBuffer (argv[2], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-  if ((flux = SelectVector (argv[3], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-  if ((sky  = SelectVector (argv[4], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-
-  // XXX confirm slit and wind have same dimensions
+  if ((vari = SelectBuffer (argv[2], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((slit = SelectBuffer (argv[3], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((flux = SelectVector (argv[4], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((sky  = SelectVector (argv[5], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
 
   // define the output window
@@ -32,42 +49,117 @@
   int Ny = wind[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
   
+  // confirm wind, vari, slit have same dimensions
   if (Nx != slit[0].matrix.Naxis[0]) { gprint (GP_ERR, "size mismatch in fitslit for window and slit\n"); return FALSE; }
   if (Ny != slit[0].matrix.Naxis[1]) { gprint (GP_ERR, "size mismatch in fitslit for window and slit\n"); return FALSE; }
+  if (Nx != vari[0].matrix.Naxis[0]) { gprint (GP_ERR, "size mismatch in fitslit for window and variance\n"); return FALSE; }
+  if (Ny != vari[0].matrix.Naxis[1]) { gprint (GP_ERR, "size mismatch in fitslit for window and variance\n"); return FALSE; }
 
   ResetVector (flux, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
   ResetVector (sky,  OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
 
+  if (model) {
+    if (!CreateBuffer (model, Nx, Ny, -32, 1.0, 0.0)) { gprint (GP_ERR, "error generating output model buffer\n"); return FALSE; }
+  }
+
   float *Fwind = (float *) wind[0].matrix.buffer;
+  float *Fvari = (float *) vari[0].matrix.buffer;
   float *Fprof = (float *) slit[0].matrix.buffer;
+  float *FmodOut = model ? (float *) model[0].matrix.buffer : NULL;
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (weight, float, Nx);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (rawwgt, float, Nx);
 
   // loop over the rows
   for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
 
-    // calculate elements of the chi-square for this row:
+    double F = 0.0, S = 0.0;
 
-    double R = 0.0, P = 0.0, P2 = 0.0, f = 0.0, fp = 0.0;
-    double wt = 1.0;
-
+    // set weight based on the variance
     for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
-      
-      float fxy = Fwind[ix + iy*Nx];
-      float pxy = Fprof[ix + iy*Nx];
-
-      R  += wt; 
-      P  += pxy*wt;
-      P2 += pxy*pxy*wt;
-      f  += fxy*wt;
-      fp += fxy*pxy*wt;
+      float vari = Fvari[ix + iy*Nx];
+      weight[ix] = !isfinite(vari) || (fabs(vari) < 1e-6) ? 1.0 : 1.0 / vari;
+      rawwgt[ix] = weight[ix];
     }
 
-    double det = R*P2 - P*P;
-    double S = (P2*f - P*fp) / det;
-    double F = (R*fp - P*f) / det;
+    // calculate elements of the chi-square for this row:
+    fitflux (&Fwind[iy*Nx], &Fprof[iy*Nx], weight, Nx, &F, &S);
+
+    // do an IRLS loop here to reject outliers
+    int converged = FALSE;
+    for (int iter = 0; (iter < Niter) && !converged; iter++) {
+
+      double Flast = F;
+      double Slast = S;
+
+      // calculate weight modification based on distances (squared).
+      // use modifier to calculate new weighted mean
+      for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
+
+	// F & S are model parameters; compare the model and observed values for each pixel
+	float Fmodel = S + F*Fprof[ix + iy*Nx];
+	float dV = (Fwind[ix + iy*Nx] - Fmodel);
+	float d2 = SQ(dV) * rawwgt[ix];
+	
+	float Mod = weight_cauchy_square_flt (d2);
+	weight[ix] = Mod * rawwgt[ix];
+      }
+      fitflux (&Fwind[iy*Nx], &Fprof[iy*Nx], weight, Nx, &F, &S);
+
+      float dF = fabs(F - Flast);
+      float dS = fabs(S - Slast);
+
+      if ((dF < F * IRLS_TOLERANCE) && (dS < S * IRLS_TOLERANCE)) converged = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if (FmodOut) {
+      for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
+	// F & S are model parameters; compare the model and observed values for each pixel
+	float Fmodel = S + F*Fprof[ix + iy*Nx];
+	float dV = (Fwind[ix + iy*Nx] - Fmodel);
+	float d2 = SQ(dV) * rawwgt[ix];
+	float Mod = weight_cauchy_square_flt (d2);
+	if (Mod < 0.1) {
+	  FmodOut[ix + iy*Nx] = NAN;
+	} else {
+	  FmodOut[ix + iy*Nx] = Fmodel;
+	}
+      }
+    }
 
     flux->elements.Flt[iy] = F;
     sky->elements.Flt[iy] = S;
   }
-
   return TRUE;
 }
 
+// weight is 1 / variance
+// Fwind, Fprof are pointers to the start of a single row 
+// Fwind is the observed flux in the window
+// Fprof is the slit profile
+void fitflux (float *Fwind, float *Fprof, float *weight, int Nx, double *flux, double *sky) {
+
+  // calculate elements of the chi-square fit for this row:
+
+  double R = 0.0, P = 0.0, P2 = 0.0, f = 0.0, fp = 0.0;
+
+  for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
+      
+    double fxy = Fwind[ix];
+    double pxy = Fprof[ix];
+
+    // skip NAN / Inf pixels in either window or slit
+    if (!isfinite(fxy)) continue;
+    if (!isfinite(pxy)) continue;
+
+    double wt = (weight == NULL) ? 1.0 : weight[ix];
+    R  += wt;
+    P  += pxy*wt;
+    P2 += pxy*pxy*wt;
+    f  += fxy*wt;
+    fp += fxy*pxy*wt;
+  }
+
+  double det = R*P2 - P*P;
+  *sky = (P2*f - P*fp) / det;
+  *flux = (R*fp - P*f) / det;
+}
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_getobj.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_getobj.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_getobj.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -3,29 +3,17 @@
 // temporary storage used in local functions:
 
-float *tmpv = NULL;
-float *tmpx = NULL;
-
-// pass in a pointer to the row (&buffV[iy*Nx])
-float get_segment_median (float *buffV, float Xs, float Xe, float *Xref) {
-
-  // get the pixels in the left portion below profile:
-  // XXX: worry about the effect of a fractional offset
-  for (int ix = Xs + 0.5; ix < Xe + 0.5; ix++) {
-    int i = ix - Xs;
-    tmpv[i] = buffV[ix];
-    tmpx[i] = ix;
-  }
-  int Nv = Xe - Xs;
-
-  // generate a statistic from these pixels: mean, median, etc?
-  fsort (tmpv, Nv);
-  int Nv2 = Nv/2; // Nv == 1, Nv2 = 0, Nv == 2, Nv2 = 1, Nv == 3, Nv2 = 1, Nv == 4, Nv == 2
-  float V = (Nv % 2) ? tmpv[Nv2] : 0.5*(tmpv[Nv2-1] + tmpv[Nv2]);
-    
-  // calculate average coordinate (not flux-weighted...)
-  // XXX : if we allow (and exclude) NAN-valued pixels, we can calculate this more explicitly
-  *Xref = 0.5*(Xe + Xs);
-
-  return V;
+static float *tmpv = NULL;
+static float *tmpx = NULL;
+
+float get_median_flt (float *val, int Nval) {
+
+  if (Nval <= 0) return NAN;
+
+  int Nval2 = Nval / 2;
+
+  fsort (val, Nval);
+  float value = (Nval % 2) ? val[Nval2] : 0.5*(val[Nval2-1] + val[Nval2]);
+
+  return value;
 }
 
@@ -37,7 +25,12 @@
   // not used : LSF -- not needed (measurement per disp pixel)
 
+  // This version uses the median of the pixels in the image which are
+  // in regions where the slit profile is < 15% (as opposed to the
+  // getobj version which attempts to fit both background and sky regions
+
   // input parameters:
   // * buffer      : 2D image of slit (full frame or cutout?)
-  // * trace       : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
+  // * slit_trace  : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
+  // * psf_trace   : spline fit of psf central x pos vs y-coord
   // * profile     : slit window profile (vector)
   // * PSF         : point-spread function vector (flux normalized, x-dir)
@@ -51,5 +44,7 @@
   int N;
 
-  Spline *trace   = NULL;
+  Spline *slit_trace_red = NULL;
+  Spline *slit_trace_blu = NULL;
+  Spline *psf_trace  = NULL;
   Vector *profile = NULL;
 
@@ -64,14 +59,28 @@
   float stilt = 0.0; // angle of the slit
 
-  int SaveSegments = FALSE;
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-save-segments"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    SaveSegments = TRUE;
-  } 
+  // for a red vs blu spline, we need to specify the split point
+  // XXX this is REALLY ad-hoc for Deimos.  not sure how to make
+  // this more generic (need to define the ranges somewhere)
+  int redlimit = 4096;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-redlimit"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    redlimit = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
 
   // Input parameters:
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-trace"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    if ((trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-slit-trace-red"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((slit_trace_red = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-slit-trace-blu"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((slit_trace_blu = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-psf-trace"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((psf_trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
   } else { goto usage; }
@@ -137,47 +146,4 @@
   ResetVector (backgnd, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
   
-  // I need to generate a sky-left and sky-right vector in a region on the slit portion of
-  // the profile, but off the object.  Then each of these vectors can be shifted up and down
-  // based on stilt.  Use these sky vectors to predict the sky under the PSF
-
-  // *** scan the profile to determine the background and sky cut points ***
-
-  // values below in the profile coordinate system need to be shifted by (Xref - Nprofile/2)
-  // to match the image coordinate system
-
-  int B_s_l = 0, B_e_l = -1; // left background window
-  int B_s_r = -1, B_e_r = Nprofile - 1; // right background window
-  int S_left = -1, S_right = -1; // top portion of profile
-  for (int i = 0; i < Nprofile; i++) {
-    if ((B_e_l   <  0) && (profile->elements.Flt[i] > 0.10)) B_e_l = i - 1;
-    if ((B_e_l   >= 0) && (S_left  < 0) && (profile->elements.Flt[i] > 0.95)) S_left = i;
-    if ((S_left  >= 0) && (S_right < 0) && (profile->elements.Flt[i] < 0.95)) S_right = i - 1;
-    if ((S_right >= 0) && (profile->elements.Flt[i] < 0.10)) { B_s_r = i; break; }
-  }
-  if (B_e_l == B_s_l) B_e_l ++;
-  if (B_e_r == B_s_r) B_s_r --;
-
-  // S_left to S_right defines are window at the top, choose 0.05 - 0.15, 0.85 - 0.95
-  int N_top = S_right - S_left + 1;
-
-  // if N_top < 20, these jumps might be too small
-  // if N_top < 20, these jumps might be too small
-  int S_s_l = S_left + 0.05*N_top;
-  int S_e_l = S_left + 0.15*N_top;
-  if (S_e_l == S_s_l) S_e_l ++;
-  int S_s_r = S_left + 0.85*N_top;
-  int S_e_r = S_left + 0.95*N_top;
-  if (S_e_r == S_s_r) S_s_r --;
-
-  gprint (GP_ERR, "windows: %.1f - %.1f, %.1f - %.1f, %.1f - %.1f, %.1f - %.1f\n",
-	  B_s_l + Xref - Xprofile, B_e_l + Xref - Xprofile,
-	  S_s_l + Xref - Xprofile, S_e_l + Xref - Xprofile,
-	  S_s_r + Xref - Xprofile, S_e_r + Xref - Xprofile,
-	  B_s_r + Xref - Xprofile, B_e_r + Xref - Xprofile);
-
-  // OPEN QUESTIONS:
-  // NOTE: if the range of pixels in the windows is too large, then the tilt will wash out the signal.
-  // this pass is a guess, so perhaps that does not matter, but there is clearly a trade-off here.
-
   // generate two buffers to store the flux and coordinate for the background, sky, object pixels:
   ALLOCATE (tmpv, float, Nx);
@@ -186,75 +152,9 @@
   float *buffV = (float *) buffer[0].matrix.buffer;
 
-  // use these to store the flux vectors
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckF_lf, float, Ny);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckF_rt, float, Ny);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyF_lf, float, Ny);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyF_rt, float, Ny);
-
-  // use these to store the x-coord vectors
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckX_lf, float, Ny);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckX_rt, float, Ny);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyX_lf, float, Ny);
-  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyX_rt, float, Ny);
-
   float dxMax = 0; // maximum distance between sky regions
 
-  Vector *skyLsV = NULL, *skyLeV = NULL, *skyLfV = NULL, *skyRsV = NULL, *skyReV = NULL, *skyRfV = NULL;
-  Vector *bckLsV = NULL, *bckLeV = NULL, *bckLfV = NULL, *bckRsV = NULL, *bckReV = NULL, *bckRfV = NULL;
-  if (SaveSegments) {
-    skyLsV = SelectVector ("skyLs", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyLsV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    skyLeV = SelectVector ("skyLe", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyLeV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    skyLfV = SelectVector ("skyLf", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyLfV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    skyRsV = SelectVector ("skyRs", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyRsV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    skyReV = SelectVector ("skyRe", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyReV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    skyRfV = SelectVector ("skyRf", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyRfV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    bckLsV = SelectVector ("bckLs", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckLsV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    bckLeV = SelectVector ("bckLe", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckLeV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    bckLfV = SelectVector ("bckLf", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckLfV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    bckRsV = SelectVector ("bckRs", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckRsV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    bckReV = SelectVector ("bckRe", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckReV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-    bckRfV = SelectVector ("bckRf", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckRfV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
-  }
-
-  // loop over the y positions
-  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
-
-    // evaluate the trace spline at this y-coord to find the x-coord offset of the profile center
-    float dXtrace = spline_apply_dbl (trace->xk, trace->yk, trace->y2, trace->Nknots, iy);
-
-    // Xref is the reference coordinate of the profile on the image
-    // Xprofile is the center of the profile.  
-    // dXtrace follows the x-dir variations of the slit profile
-    float Xtrace = Xref - Xprofile + dXtrace;
-
-    bckF_lf[iy] = get_segment_median(&buffV[iy*Nx], B_s_l + Xtrace, B_e_l + Xtrace, &bckX_lf[iy]);
-    bckF_rt[iy] = get_segment_median(&buffV[iy*Nx], B_s_r + Xtrace, B_e_r + Xtrace, &bckX_rt[iy]);
-    skyF_lf[iy] = get_segment_median(&buffV[iy*Nx], S_s_l + Xtrace, S_e_l + Xtrace, &skyX_lf[iy]);
-    skyF_rt[iy] = get_segment_median(&buffV[iy*Nx], S_s_r + Xtrace, S_e_r + Xtrace, &skyX_rt[iy]);
-    dxMax = MAX (dxMax, skyX_rt[iy] - skyX_lf[iy]); // this is a constant value unless we ignore some of the pixels
-    // assert skyX_rt > skyX_lf ?
-
-    if (SaveSegments) {
-      skyLsV->elements.Flt[iy] = S_s_l + Xtrace;
-      skyLeV->elements.Flt[iy] = S_e_l + Xtrace;
-      skyLfV->elements.Flt[iy] = skyF_lf[iy];
-      skyRsV->elements.Flt[iy] = S_s_r + Xtrace;
-      skyReV->elements.Flt[iy] = S_e_r + Xtrace;
-      skyRfV->elements.Flt[iy] = skyF_rt[iy];
-      bckLsV->elements.Flt[iy] = B_s_l + Xtrace;
-      bckLeV->elements.Flt[iy] = B_e_l + Xtrace;
-      bckLfV->elements.Flt[iy] = bckF_lf[iy];
-      bckRsV->elements.Flt[iy] = B_s_r + Xtrace;
-      bckReV->elements.Flt[iy] = B_e_r + Xtrace;
-      bckRfV->elements.Flt[iy] = bckF_rt[iy];
-    }
-  }
-
   // extract sky-subtracted values for the psf fit, using the two sky vectors to predict the sky
-  float dyMax = dxMax*sin(stilt*RAD_DEG);  // dxMax is based on the profile width, calculated above
-
-  // find nominal dy_lf, dy_rt offsets for the sky vectors.  
-  int dy_lf = -dyMax / 2; 
-  int dy_rt = +dyMax / 2;
+  float sin_stilt = sin(stilt*RAD_DEG);
+  float dyMax = dxMax*sin_stilt;  // dxMax is based on the profile width, calculated above
 
   // we are fitting this PSF to the data:
@@ -273,32 +173,99 @@
   }    
 
-
-  // Ys, Ye based on the dyMax value above (skip the first few lines to avoid running out of bounds on sky)
   for (int iy = fabs(dyMax); iy < Ny - fabs(dyMax); iy++) {
 
-    // X_lf & X_rt are calculated in image x-coords
-    float S_lf = skyF_lf[iy + dy_lf];
-    float S_rt = skyF_rt[iy + dy_rt];
-    float X_lf = skyX_lf[iy + dy_lf];
-    float X_rt = skyX_rt[iy + dy_rt];
-    
     // evaluate the trace spline at this y-coord to find the x-coord offset of the profile center
-    float dXtrace = spline_apply_dbl (trace->xk, trace->yk, trace->y2, trace->Nknots, iy);
+    Spline *slit_trace = (iy < redlimit) ? slit_trace_red : slit_trace_blu;
+    float dXtraceSLIT = spline_apply_dbl (slit_trace->xk, slit_trace->yk, slit_trace->y2, slit_trace->Nknots, iy);
+    float dXtracePSF  = spline_apply_dbl (psf_trace->xk, psf_trace->yk, psf_trace->y2, psf_trace->Nknots, iy);
       
     // Xref is the reference coordinate of the profile on the image
     // Xpsf is the center of the PSF.  
     // dXtrace follows the x-dir variations of the slit profile (or PSF?)
-    float Xtrace = Xref - Xpsf + dXtrace;
-    
-    // include the PSF trace and restrict the fit below to portions where the profile is > 0.95
+
+    // XtracePSF is the offset between the buffer ix and the psf elements at this location
+    float XtracePSF = Xref - Xpsf + dXtraceSLIT + dXtracePSF;
+
+    // XtraceSLIT is the offset between the buffer ix and the slit profile elements at this location
+    float XtraceSLIT = Xref - Xprofile + dXtraceSLIT;
+
+    // measure the background outside the slit
+
+    // select pixels from the image which are in the background regions (profile < 0.15)
+    int Nbck = 0;
+    int Nsky = 0;
+    for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix ++) {
+      int islit = ix - XtraceSLIT - 0.5; // slit window coordinate
+      int ipsf = ix - XtracePSF - 0.5;   // psf model coordinate
+
+      if (islit < 0) continue;
+      if (islit >= Nprofile) continue;
+
+      // coordinate of the PSF center:
+      int dxpsf = ipsf - Xpsf;
+      int dypsf = dxpsf * sin_stilt;
+
+      int iY = iy + dypsf;
+
+      if (iy == 6000) {
+	fprintf (stderr, "bck : %d %d %d : %f : %f\n", ix, islit, ipsf, buffV[ix + iY*Nx], profile->elements.Flt[islit]);
+      }
+
+      // pixels in the off-slit background:
+      if (profile->elements.Flt[islit] < 0.15) {
+	tmpv[Nbck] = buffV[ix + iY*Nx];
+	if (!isfinite(tmpv[Nbck])) continue;
+	Nbck ++;
+	continue;
+      }
+
+      // the psf window can be smaller than the slit window
+      if (ipsf < 0) continue;
+      if (ipsf >= Npsf) continue;
+
+      // pixels in the on-slit sky:
+      if ((profile->elements.Flt[islit] > 0.95) && (psfV[ipsf] < 0.15)) {
+	tmpx[Nsky] = buffV[ix + iY*Nx];
+	if (!isfinite(tmpx[Nsky])) continue;
+	Nsky ++;
+      }
+    }
+    backgnd->elements.Flt[iy] = get_median_flt (tmpv, Nbck);
+    float So = get_median_flt (tmpx, Nsky);
+    sky->elements.Flt[iy] = So;
 
     // now I need to find the limits of the PSF in the buffer at this iy location
-    for (int ipsf = 0; ipsf < Npsf; ipsf ++) {
-
-      int ix = ipsf + Xtrace + 0.5; // image coordinate (nearest pixel center)
-      float So = S_lf + (ix - X_lf)*(S_rt - S_lf)/(X_rt - X_lf); // interpolated sky under PSF peak
-
-      tmpv[ipsf] = buffV[ix + iy*Nx] - So;
-      tmpx[ipsf] = ipsf;
+    int Ntmp = 0;
+    for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix ++) {
+      int islit = ix - XtraceSLIT - 0.5; // slit window coordinate
+      int ipsf = ix - XtracePSF - 0.5;   // psf model coordinate
+
+      if (islit < 0) continue;
+      if (islit >= Nprofile) continue;
+
+      // the psf window can be smaller than the slit window
+      if (ipsf < 0) continue;
+      if (ipsf >= Npsf) continue;
+
+      // coordinate of the PSF center:
+      int dxpsf = ipsf - Xpsf;
+      int dypsf = dxpsf * sin_stilt;
+
+      int iY = iy + dypsf;
+
+      // filter on the PSF value?
+      if (profile->elements.Flt[islit] < 0.95) continue;
+
+      if (iy == 6000) {
+	fprintf (stderr, "%d %d %d : %f %f : %f : %f\n", ix, islit, ipsf, buffV[ix + iY*Nx] - So, psfV[ipsf], (buffV[ix + iY*Nx] - So)*psfV[ipsf], profile->elements.Flt[islit]);
+      }
+
+      tmpv[Ntmp] = buffV[ix + iY*Nx] - So;
+      tmpx[Ntmp] = psfV[ipsf];
+
+      if (!isfinite(tmpv[Ntmp])) continue;
+      if (!isfinite(tmpx[Ntmp])) continue;
+
+      Ntmp ++;
     }
 
@@ -306,31 +273,16 @@
     // now fit the PSF to tmpv by calculating a normalization
     float S1 = 0.0, S2 = 0.0;
-    for (int ipsf = 0; ipsf < Npsf; ipsf++) {
+    for (int ipsf = 0; ipsf < Ntmp; ipsf++) {
       if (iy == 6000) {
-	fprintf (stderr, "%d : %f %f : %f\n", ipsf, tmpv[ipsf], psfV[ipsf], tmpv[ipsf]*psfV[ipsf]);
-      }
-      S1 += tmpv[ipsf]*psfV[ipsf]; // if we have an errorbar, include / SQ(sigv[i])
-      S2 += psfV[ipsf]*psfV[ipsf]; // if we have an errorbar, include / SQ(sigv[i])
+	fprintf (stderr, "%d : %f %f : %f\n", ipsf, tmpv[ipsf], tmpx[ipsf], tmpv[ipsf]*tmpx[ipsf]);
+      }
+      S1 += tmpv[ipsf]*tmpx[ipsf]; // if we have an errorbar, include / SQ(sigv[i])
+      S2 += tmpx[ipsf]*tmpx[ipsf]; // if we have an errorbar, include / SQ(sigv[i])
     }
-
-    int Xo = Xref - dXtrace; // center of PSF in image x-coordinates
-    float So = S_lf + (Xo - X_lf)*(S_rt - S_lf)/(X_rt - X_lf); // interpolated sky under PSF peak
     object->elements.Flt[iy] = S1 / S2;
-    sky->elements.Flt[iy] = So;
-    backgnd->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.5*(bckF_lf[iy] + bckF_rt[iy]);
   }
 
   free (tmpv);
   free (tmpx);
-
-  free (bckF_lf);
-  free (bckF_rt);
-  free (skyF_lf);
-  free (skyF_rt);
-
-  free (bckX_lf);
-  free (bckX_rt);
-  free (skyX_lf);
-  free (skyX_rt);
 
   return TRUE;
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_getobj.v0.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_getobj.v0.c	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_getobj.v0.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+# include "data.h"
+
+// temporary storage used in local functions:
+
+static float *tmpv = NULL;
+static float *tmpx = NULL;
+
+// pass in a pointer to the row (&buffV[iy*Nx])
+float get_segment_median (float *buffV, float Xs, float Xe, float *Xref) {
+
+  // get the pixels in the left portion below profile:
+  // XXX: worry about the effect of a fractional offset
+  for (int ix = Xs + 0.5; ix < Xe + 0.5; ix++) {
+    int i = ix - Xs;
+    tmpv[i] = buffV[ix];
+    tmpx[i] = ix;
+  }
+  int Nv = Xe - Xs;
+
+  // generate a statistic from these pixels: mean, median, etc?
+  fsort (tmpv, Nv);
+  int Nv2 = Nv/2; // Nv == 1, Nv2 = 0, Nv == 2, Nv2 = 1, Nv == 3, Nv2 = 1, Nv == 4, Nv == 2
+  float V = (Nv % 2) ? tmpv[Nv2] : 0.5*(tmpv[Nv2-1] + tmpv[Nv2]);
+    
+  // calculate average coordinate (not flux-weighted...)
+  // XXX : if we allow (and exclude) NAN-valued pixels, we can calculate this more explicitly
+  *Xref = 0.5*(Xe + Xs);
+
+  return V;
+}
+
+int deimos_getobj (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  // determine rough object model parameters based on quick stats
+  // input : buffer PSF trace profile stilt
+  // output : object sky background
+  // not used : LSF -- not needed (measurement per disp pixel)
+
+  // input parameters:
+  // * buffer      : 2D image of slit (full frame or cutout?)
+  // * slit_trace  : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
+  // * psf_trace   : spline fit of psf central x pos vs y-coord
+  // * profile     : slit window profile (vector)
+  // * PSF         : point-spread function vector (flux normalized, x-dir)
+  // * stilt       : slit tilt response : 2D kernel? 
+
+  // output parameters:
+  // * object      : vector of object flux vs y-coord 
+  // * sky         : vector of local sky signal vs y-coord
+  // * background  : vector of extra-slit background flux vs y-coord
+
+  int N;
+
+  Spline *slit_trace = NULL;
+  Spline *psf_trace  = NULL;
+  Vector *profile = NULL;
+
+  Vector *object  = NULL;
+  Vector *sky     = NULL;
+  Vector *backgnd = NULL;
+
+  Vector *psf     = NULL;
+
+  Buffer *buffer  = NULL;
+
+  float stilt = 0.0; // angle of the slit
+
+  int SaveSegments = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-save-segments"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    SaveSegments = TRUE;
+  } 
+
+  // Input parameters:
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-slit-trace"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((slit_trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-psf-trace"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((psf_trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-profile"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((profile = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-psf"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((psf = SelectVector (argv[N], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-stilt"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    stilt = atof (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+
+  // Output parameters:
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-object"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((object = SelectVector (argv[N], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-sky"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((sky = SelectVector (argv[N], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-backgnd"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((backgnd = SelectVector (argv[N], ANYVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  } else { goto usage; }
+
+  if (argc != 3) goto usage;
+
+  // buffer is the full image, Xref is reference coordinate of the profile in the buffer
+  if ((buffer = SelectBuffer (argv[1], OLDBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  float Xref = atof(argv[2]);
+  
+  // profile and PSF are defined with central reference pixel mapped to Xref (+ trace)
+  int Nprofile = profile->Nelements;
+  if (Nprofile % 2 == 0) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "slit profile vector must have an odd number of pixels\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  int Xprofile = Nprofile / 2;
+
+  int Npsf = psf->Nelements;
+  if (Npsf % 2 == 0) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "PSF vector must have an odd number of pixels\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  int Xpsf = Npsf / 2;
+
+  // we will generate output vectors (object, sky, background) of length Ny
+  int Nx = buffer[0].matrix.Naxis[0];
+  int Ny = buffer[0].matrix.Naxis[1];
+  ResetVector (object,  OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+  ResetVector (sky,     OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+  ResetVector (backgnd, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+  
+  // I need to generate a sky-left and sky-right vector in a region on the slit portion of
+  // the profile, but off the object.  Then each of these vectors can be shifted up and down
+  // based on stilt.  Use these sky vectors to predict the sky under the PSF
+
+  // *** scan the profile to determine the background and sky cut points ***
+
+  // values below in the profile coordinate system need to be shifted by (Xref - Nprofile/2)
+  // to match the image coordinate system
+
+  int B_s_l = 0, B_e_l = -1; // left background window
+  int B_s_r = -1, B_e_r = Nprofile - 1; // right background window
+  int S_left = -1, S_right = -1; // top portion of profile
+  for (int i = 0; i < Nprofile; i++) {
+    if ((B_e_l   <  0) && (profile->elements.Flt[i] > 0.10)) B_e_l = i - 1;
+    if ((B_e_l   >= 0) && (S_left  < 0) && (profile->elements.Flt[i] > 0.95)) S_left = i;
+    if ((S_left  >= 0) && (S_right < 0) && (profile->elements.Flt[i] < 0.95)) S_right = i - 1;
+    if ((S_right >= 0) && (profile->elements.Flt[i] < 0.10)) { B_s_r = i; break; }
+  }
+  if (B_e_l == B_s_l) B_e_l ++;
+  if (B_e_r == B_s_r) B_s_r --;
+
+  // S_left to S_right defines are window at the top, choose 0.05 - 0.15, 0.85 - 0.95
+  int N_top = S_right - S_left + 1;
+
+  // if N_top < 20, these jumps might be too small
+  // if N_top < 20, these jumps might be too small
+  int S_s_l = S_left + 0.05*N_top;
+  int S_e_l = S_left + 0.15*N_top;
+  if (S_e_l == S_s_l) S_e_l ++;
+  int S_s_r = S_left + 0.85*N_top;
+  int S_e_r = S_left + 0.95*N_top;
+  if (S_e_r == S_s_r) S_s_r --;
+
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "windows: %.1f - %.1f, %.1f - %.1f, %.1f - %.1f, %.1f - %.1f\n",
+	  B_s_l + Xref - Xprofile, B_e_l + Xref - Xprofile,
+	  S_s_l + Xref - Xprofile, S_e_l + Xref - Xprofile,
+	  S_s_r + Xref - Xprofile, S_e_r + Xref - Xprofile,
+	  B_s_r + Xref - Xprofile, B_e_r + Xref - Xprofile);
+
+  // OPEN QUESTIONS:
+  // NOTE: if the range of pixels in the windows is too large, then the tilt will wash out the signal.
+  // this pass is a guess, so perhaps that does not matter, but there is clearly a trade-off here.
+
+  // generate two buffers to store the flux and coordinate for the background, sky, object pixels:
+  ALLOCATE (tmpv, float, Nx);
+  ALLOCATE (tmpx, float, Nx);
+
+  float *buffV = (float *) buffer[0].matrix.buffer;
+
+  // use these to store the flux vectors
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckF_lf, float, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckF_rt, float, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyF_lf, float, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyF_rt, float, Ny);
+
+  // use these to store the x-coord vectors
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckX_lf, float, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (bckX_rt, float, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyX_lf, float, Ny);
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (skyX_rt, float, Ny);
+
+  float dxMax = 0; // maximum distance between sky regions
+
+  Vector *skyLsV = NULL, *skyLeV = NULL, *skyLfV = NULL, *skyRsV = NULL, *skyReV = NULL, *skyRfV = NULL;
+  Vector *bckLsV = NULL, *bckLeV = NULL, *bckLfV = NULL, *bckRsV = NULL, *bckReV = NULL, *bckRfV = NULL;
+  if (SaveSegments) {
+    skyLsV = SelectVector ("skyLs", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyLsV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    skyLeV = SelectVector ("skyLe", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyLeV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    skyLfV = SelectVector ("skyLf", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyLfV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    skyRsV = SelectVector ("skyRs", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyRsV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    skyReV = SelectVector ("skyRe", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyReV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    skyRfV = SelectVector ("skyRf", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (skyRfV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    bckLsV = SelectVector ("bckLs", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckLsV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    bckLeV = SelectVector ("bckLe", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckLeV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    bckLfV = SelectVector ("bckLf", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckLfV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    bckRsV = SelectVector ("bckRs", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckRsV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    bckReV = SelectVector ("bckRe", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckReV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+    bckRfV = SelectVector ("bckRf", ANYVECTOR, TRUE);  ResetVector (bckRfV, OPIHI_FLT, Ny);
+  }
+
+  // loop over the y positions
+  // examine the slit window profile to measure background and slit sky
+  for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
+
+    // evaluate the trace spline at this y-coord to find the x-coord offset of the profile center
+    float dXtrace = spline_apply_dbl (slit_trace->xk, slit_trace->yk, slit_trace->y2, slit_trace->Nknots, iy);
+
+    // Xref is the reference coordinate of the profile on the image
+    // Xprofile is the center of the profile.  
+    // dXtrace follows the x-dir variations of the slit profile
+    float Xtrace = Xref - Xprofile + dXtrace;
+
+    bckF_lf[iy] = get_segment_median(&buffV[iy*Nx], B_s_l + Xtrace, B_e_l + Xtrace, &bckX_lf[iy]);
+    bckF_rt[iy] = get_segment_median(&buffV[iy*Nx], B_s_r + Xtrace, B_e_r + Xtrace, &bckX_rt[iy]);
+    skyF_lf[iy] = get_segment_median(&buffV[iy*Nx], S_s_l + Xtrace, S_e_l + Xtrace, &skyX_lf[iy]);
+    skyF_rt[iy] = get_segment_median(&buffV[iy*Nx], S_s_r + Xtrace, S_e_r + Xtrace, &skyX_rt[iy]);
+    dxMax = MAX (dxMax, skyX_rt[iy] - skyX_lf[iy]); // this is a constant value unless we ignore some of the pixels
+    // assert skyX_rt > skyX_lf ?
+
+    if (SaveSegments) {
+      skyLsV->elements.Flt[iy] = S_s_l + Xtrace;
+      skyLeV->elements.Flt[iy] = S_e_l + Xtrace;
+      skyLfV->elements.Flt[iy] = skyF_lf[iy];
+      skyRsV->elements.Flt[iy] = S_s_r + Xtrace;
+      skyReV->elements.Flt[iy] = S_e_r + Xtrace;
+      skyRfV->elements.Flt[iy] = skyF_rt[iy];
+      bckLsV->elements.Flt[iy] = B_s_l + Xtrace;
+      bckLeV->elements.Flt[iy] = B_e_l + Xtrace;
+      bckLfV->elements.Flt[iy] = bckF_lf[iy];
+      bckRsV->elements.Flt[iy] = B_s_r + Xtrace;
+      bckReV->elements.Flt[iy] = B_e_r + Xtrace;
+      bckRfV->elements.Flt[iy] = bckF_rt[iy];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // extract sky-subtracted values for the psf fit, using the two sky vectors to predict the sky
+  float dyMax = dxMax*sin(stilt*RAD_DEG);  // dxMax is based on the profile width, calculated above
+
+  // find nominal dy_lf, dy_rt offsets for the sky vectors.  
+  int dy_lf = -dyMax / 2; 
+  int dy_rt = +dyMax / 2;
+
+  // we are fitting this PSF to the data:
+  opihi_flt *psfV = psf->elements.Flt;
+
+  // init the regions which are outside the valid region
+  for (int iy = 0; iy < fabs(dyMax); iy++) {
+    object->elements.Flt[iy] = 0;
+    sky->elements.Flt[iy] = 0;
+    backgnd->elements.Flt[iy] = 0;
+  }    
+  for (int iy = Ny - fabs(dyMax); iy < Ny; iy++) {
+    object->elements.Flt[iy] = 0;
+    sky->elements.Flt[iy] = 0;
+    backgnd->elements.Flt[iy] = 0;
+  }    
+
+
+  // Ys, Ye based on the dyMax value above (skip the first few lines to avoid running out of bounds on sky)
+  for (int iy = fabs(dyMax); iy < Ny - fabs(dyMax); iy++) {
+
+    // X_lf & X_rt are calculated in image x-coords
+    float S_lf = skyF_lf[iy + dy_lf];
+    float S_rt = skyF_rt[iy + dy_rt];
+    float X_lf = skyX_lf[iy + dy_lf];
+    float X_rt = skyX_rt[iy + dy_rt];
+    
+    // evaluate the trace spline at this y-coord to find the x-coord offset of the profile center
+    float dXtraceSLIT = spline_apply_dbl (slit_trace->xk, slit_trace->yk, slit_trace->y2, slit_trace->Nknots, iy);
+    float dXtracePSF  = spline_apply_dbl (psf_trace->xk, psf_trace->yk, psf_trace->y2, psf_trace->Nknots, iy);
+      
+    // Xref is the reference coordinate of the profile on the image
+    // Xpsf is the center of the PSF.  
+    // dXtrace follows the x-dir variations of the slit profile (or PSF?)
+    float XtracePSF = Xref - Xpsf + dXtraceSLIT + dXtracePSF;
+    float XtraceSLIT = Xref - Xprofile + dXtraceSLIT;
+
+    // include the PSF trace and restrict the fit below to portions where the profile is > 0.95
+
+    // now I need to find the limits of the PSF in the buffer at this iy location
+    int Ntmp = 0;
+    for (int ipsf = 0; ipsf < Npsf; ipsf ++) {
+
+      int ix = ipsf + XtracePSF + 0.5; // image coordinate (nearest pixel center)
+      int islit = ix - XtraceSLIT - 0.5; // image coordinate (nearest pixel center)
+
+      float So = S_lf + (ix - X_lf)*(S_rt - S_lf)/(X_rt - X_lf); // interpolated sky under PSF peak
+
+      if (islit < 0) continue;
+      if (islit >= profile->Nelements) continue;
+
+      if (iy == 6000) {
+	fprintf (stderr, "%d : %f %f : %f : %f\n", ipsf, buffV[ix + iy*Nx] - So, psfV[ipsf], (buffV[ix + iy*Nx] - So)*psfV[ipsf], profile->elements.Flt[islit]);
+      }
+
+      if (profile->elements.Flt[islit] < 0.95) continue;
+
+      tmpv[Ntmp] = buffV[ix + iy*Nx] - So;
+      tmpx[Ntmp] = psfV[ipsf];
+      Ntmp ++;
+    }
+
+    // I now have a pair of vectors (tmpx, tmpv) which are aligned to the PSF at this location
+    // now fit the PSF to tmpv by calculating a normalization
+    float S1 = 0.0, S2 = 0.0;
+    for (int ipsf = 0; ipsf < Ntmp; ipsf++) {
+      if (iy == 6000) {
+	fprintf (stderr, "%d : %f %f : %f\n", ipsf, tmpv[ipsf], tmpx[ipsf], tmpv[ipsf]*tmpx[ipsf]);
+      }
+      S1 += tmpv[ipsf]*tmpx[ipsf]; // if we have an errorbar, include / SQ(sigv[i])
+      S2 += tmpx[ipsf]*tmpx[ipsf]; // if we have an errorbar, include / SQ(sigv[i])
+    }
+
+    int Xo = Xref - dXtraceSLIT - dXtracePSF; // center of PSF in image x-coordinates
+    float So = S_lf + (Xo - X_lf)*(S_rt - S_lf)/(X_rt - X_lf); // interpolated sky under PSF peak
+    object->elements.Flt[iy] = S1 / S2;
+    sky->elements.Flt[iy] = So;
+    backgnd->elements.Flt[iy] = 0.5*(bckF_lf[iy] + bckF_rt[iy]);
+  }
+
+  free (tmpv);
+  free (tmpx);
+
+  free (bckF_lf);
+  free (bckF_rt);
+  free (skyF_lf);
+  free (skyF_rt);
+
+  free (bckX_lf);
+  free (bckX_rt);
+  free (skyX_lf);
+  free (skyX_rt);
+
+  return TRUE;
+
+ usage:
+  gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos getobj (buffer) (Xref) -object vector -sky vector -backgnd vector -trace spline -profile vector -psf vector -stilt (angle)\n");
+  // can I make default values for trace (0.0), profile (?), psf (fraction of profile?), stilt (0.0)
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+  /* 
+    // convolve the object flux at this y-coord with PSF and add sky
+    for (int ix = 0; i < Nx; i++) {
+      opihi_flt g = s = 0;
+      for (int n = -Npsf; n <= Npsf; n++) {
+	if (ix + n < 0) continue;
+	if (ix + n >= Nx) continue;
+	opihi_flt value = objV ? objV[ix+n] : 1.0;
+	s += psfV[n]*value;
+	g += psfV[n];
+      }
+      out[ix + iy*Nx] = Npsf ? s / g : (objV ? objV[ix+n] : 1.0);
+      if (skyV) {
+	out[ix + iy*Nx] += skyV[iy]
+    }
+  */
+  
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkalt.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkalt.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkalt.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # include "data.h"
 # include "deimos.h"
+
+XXX: deprecated
 
 // Use this to test the deimos_make_object function used by deimos_fitobj
@@ -92,5 +94,5 @@
 
   // generate the model based on the test values
-  float *model = deimos_make_model (objV, skyV, bckV, psf, profile, trace, Nx, Ny, 0);
+  float *model = deimos_make_model (objV, skyV, bckV, psf, profile, trace, NULL, Nx, Ny, 0);
 
   ResetBuffer (output, Nx, Ny, -32, 0.0, 1.0);
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkmodel.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkmodel.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkmodel.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -86,11 +86,12 @@
 // generate a subimage of the full model for the range row - row + Ny
 // obj,sky,bck are subset vectors corresponding to the range row to row+Ny
-float *deimos_make_model (opihi_flt *obj, opihi_flt *sky, opihi_flt *bck, Vector *psf, Vector *profile, Spline *trace, int Nx, int Ny, int row) {
-
-  float *raw = deimos_make_straight_image (obj, sky, psf, Nx, Ny, row);
+// the slit_trace_* and psf_trace refer to the full image starting at row
+float *deimos_make_model (opihi_flt *obj, opihi_flt *sky, opihi_flt *bck, Vector *psf, Vector *profile, Spline *slit_trace_red, Spline *slit_trace_blu, float redlimit, Spline *psf_trace, int Nx, int Ny, int row) {
+
+  float *raw = deimos_make_straight_image (obj, sky, psf, psf_trace, Nx, Ny, row);
   float *new = deimos_apply_tilt (raw, Nx, Ny);
   deimos_apply_profile (profile, new, Nx, Ny);
   deimos_add_background (bck, new, Nx, Ny, row);
-  float *out = deimos_apply_trace (trace, new, Nx, Ny, row);
+  float *out = deimos_apply_trace (slit_trace_red, slit_trace_blu, redlimit, new, Nx, Ny, row);
 
   free (raw);
@@ -104,5 +105,5 @@
 // *** generate a raw image with no slit tilt and no trace offsets.  apply the PSF to the
 // object flux, add in the sky flux
-float *deimos_make_straight_image (opihi_flt *obj, opihi_flt *sky, Vector *psf, int Nx, int Ny, int row) {
+float *deimos_make_straight_image (opihi_flt *obj, opihi_flt *sky, Vector *psf, Spline *psf_trace, int Nx, int Ny, int row) {
   OHANA_UNUSED_PARAM(row);
   
@@ -113,5 +114,5 @@
 
   // Xref is a global supplied by the user (defaults to Nx/2 if < 0)
-  int Xoff = (int)(Xref - Npsf);
+  int XoffRef = (int)(Xref - Npsf);
 
   // Nx : width of output window
@@ -123,7 +124,26 @@
     
     // we are generating the image for just the row range row to row+Ny
+    // note that obj & sky are subset vectors for just this range of pixels
     opihi_flt objVy = obj[iy]; // if we shift to using the row offset: obj[iy + row]
     opihi_flt skyVy = sky[iy]; // if we shift to using the row offset: sky[iy + row]
       
+    // integral and fractional pixel offsets of PSF (none, by default)
+    int dxi = 0;
+    float dxf = 0.0, dxr = 1.0;
+    int Xoff = XoffRef;
+    
+    if (psf_trace) {
+      // the psf_trace is referenced against the full image, so we need to add row to iy:
+      float dx = spline_apply_dbl (psf_trace->xk, psf_trace->yk, psf_trace->y2, psf_trace->Nknots, iy + row);
+      dxi = floor(dx);
+      dxf = dx - dxi;  // -1.7 -> +0.3, -0.5 -> +0.5, +0.5 ->+0.5, +1.7 -> +0.7
+      dxr = 1 - dxf;
+      Xoff += dxi;
+      // fprintf (stderr, "%d: %f : %d\n", iy + row, dx, Xoff);
+    }
+
+    // if fractional offset is small, do not interpolate
+    int doInterp = fabs(dxf) < 1e-5 ? FALSE : TRUE;
+
     // flux = obj * PSF + sky
     for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
@@ -136,5 +156,20 @@
       // only add in the flux if we are in range of the PSF
       if ((n >= 0) && (n < NpsfFull)) {
-	value += objVy * psfV[n];
+	if (doInterp) {
+	  if ((n > 0) && (n < NpsfFull)) {
+	    if (isfinite(psfV[n]) && isfinite(psfV[n-1])) {
+	      value += objVy*psfV[n]*dxr + objVy*psfV[n-1]*dxf;
+	    }
+	  }
+	  if (n == 0) {
+	    if (isfinite(psfV[n])) {
+	      value += objVy*psfV[n]*dxr;
+	    }
+	  }
+	} else {
+	  if (isfinite(psfV[n])) {
+	    value += objVy * psfV[n];
+	  }
+	}
       }
       out[ix + iy*Nx] = value;
@@ -219,5 +254,5 @@
 
 // shift pixels in x based on the trace
-float *deimos_apply_trace (Spline *trace, float *input, int Nx, int Ny, int row) {
+float *deimos_apply_trace (Spline *slit_trace_red, Spline *slit_trace_blu, float redlimit, float *input, int Nx, int Ny, int row) {
 
   ALLOCATE_PTR (output, float, Nx*Ny);
@@ -227,5 +262,7 @@
     // evaluate the trace spline at this y-coord to find the x-coord offset of the profile center
     // NOTE: spline is evaluated at full dispersion coordinate
-    float dx = -spline_apply_dbl (trace->xk, trace->yk, trace->y2, trace->Nknots, iy + row);
+    int iy_full = iy + row;
+    Spline *slit_trace = (iy_full < redlimit) ? slit_trace_red : slit_trace_blu;
+    float dx = -spline_apply_dbl (slit_trace->xk, slit_trace->yk, slit_trace->y2, slit_trace->Nknots, iy_full);
       
     // extract the integer pixel offset and the fractional offset
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkobj.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkobj.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkobj.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -6,33 +6,60 @@
 
   // input parameters:
-  // * trace       : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
-  // * profile     : slit window profile (vector)
-  // * object      : vector of object flux vs y-coord 
-  // * sky         : vector of local sky signal vs y-coord
-  // * background  : vector of extra-slit background flux vs y-coord
-  // * PSF         : point-spread function vector (flux normalized, x-dir)
-  // * LSF         : sline-spread function vector (flux normalized, y-dir)
-  // * stilt       : slit tilt response : 2D kernel? 
+  // * slit_trace_red : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord for red chip
+  // * slit_trace_blu : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord for blu chip
+  // * psf_trace      : spline fit of psf central x pos vs y-coord
+  // * profile        : slit window profile (vector)
+  // * object         : vector of object flux vs y-coord 
+  // * sky            : vector of local sky signal vs y-coord
+  // * backgnd        : vector of extra-slit background flux vs y-coord
+  // * PSF            : point-spread function vector (flux normalized, x-dir)
+  // * LSF            : sline-spread function vector (flux normalized, y-dir)
+  // * stilt          : slit tilt response : 2D kernel? 
+
+  // * redlimit       : pixel break between red and blu chips
+  // * Nwave          : number of wavelength pixels in output image
 
   int N;
 
   // if any of these are not defined, they will have assumed identity values
-  Spline *trace   = NULL;
-  Vector *profile = NULL;
-  Vector *object  = NULL;
-  Vector *sky     = NULL;
-  Vector *backgnd = NULL;
-
-  Vector *psf     = NULL;
-  Vector *lsf     = NULL;
+  Spline *slit_trace_red = NULL;
+  Spline *slit_trace_blu = NULL;
+  Spline *psf_trace  = NULL;
+  Vector *profile    = NULL;
+  Vector *object     = NULL;
+  Vector *sky        = NULL;
+  Vector *backgnd    = NULL;
+		     
+  Vector *psf        = NULL;
+  Vector *lsf        = NULL;
   // add tilt later
 
-  Buffer *output  = NULL;
+  Buffer *output     = NULL;
 
   float stilt = 0.0; // angle of the slit
 
-  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-trace"))) {
-    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
-    if ((trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  // for a red vs blu spline, we need to specify the split point
+  // XXX this is REALLY ad-hoc for Deimos.  not sure how to make
+  // this more generic (need to define the ranges somewhere)
+  int redlimit = 4096;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-redlimit"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    redlimit = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-slit-trace-red"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((slit_trace_red = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-slit-trace-blu"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((slit_trace_blu = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-psf-trace"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    if ((psf_trace = FindSpline (argv[N])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
     remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
   }
@@ -81,6 +108,24 @@
   }
 
+  int VERBOSE = FALSE;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-v"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    VERBOSE = TRUE;
+  }
+
   if (argc != 3) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos mkobj (buffer) (Ncross) [-Nwave N] [-object vector] [-sky vector] [-backgnd vector] [-trace spline] [-profile vector]\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos mkobj (buffer) (Ncross) [-object vector] [-sky vector] [-backgnd vector] [-slit-trace-red spline] [-slit-trace-blu spline] [-psf-trace spline] [-profile vector] [-psf vector] [-lsf vector] [-stilt angle] [-Nwave Npixel] [-redlimit pixel]\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  slit_trace_red : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord for red chip\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  slit_trace_blu : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord for blu chip\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  psf_trace      : spline fit of psf central x pos vs y-coord\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  profile        : slit window profile (vector)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  object         : vector of object flux vs y-coord \n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  sky            : vector of local sky signal vs y-coord\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  backgnd        : vector of extra-slit background flux vs y-coord\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  PSF            : point-spread function vector (flux normalized, x-dir)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  LSF            : sline-spread function vector (flux normalized, y-dir)\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  stilt          : slit tilt response : 2D kernel? \n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  redlimit       : pixel break between red and blu chips\n");
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "  Nwave          : number of wavelength pixels in output image\n");
     return FALSE;
   }
@@ -123,10 +168,11 @@
   // if we are appying a trace offset spline, we need to generate an output window which
   // is Nx + the full swing of the trace, then window back down
-  if (trace) {
+  if (slit_trace_red && slit_trace_blu) {
     float dXmin = +1000;
     float dXmax = -1000;
     for (int iy = 0; iy < Ny; iy++) {
       // evaluate the trace spline at this y-coord to find the x-coord offset of the profile center
-      float dx = spline_apply_dbl (trace->xk, trace->yk, trace->y2, trace->Nknots, iy);
+      Spline *slit_trace = (iy < redlimit) ? slit_trace_red : slit_trace_blu;
+      float dx = spline_apply_dbl (slit_trace->xk, slit_trace->yk, slit_trace->y2, slit_trace->Nknots, iy);
       dXmin = MIN (dx, dXmin);
       dXmax = MAX (dx, dXmax);
@@ -181,4 +227,21 @@
     if (psf) Npof -= Npsf;
 
+    // integral and fractional pixel offsets of PSF (none, by default)
+    int dxi = 0;
+    float dxf = 0.0, dxr = 1.0;
+    
+    if (psf_trace) {
+      float dx = spline_apply_dbl (psf_trace->xk, psf_trace->yk, psf_trace->y2, psf_trace->Nknots, iy);
+      dxi = floor(dx);
+      dxf = dx - dxi;  // -1.7 -> +0.3, -0.5 -> +0.5, +0.5 ->+0.5, +1.7 -> +0.7
+      dxr = 1 - dxf;
+      Npof += dxi;
+      // fprintf (stderr, "%d: %f : %d\n", iy, dx, Npof);
+      if (VERBOSE && (iy % 200 == 0)) { gprint (GP_ERR, "%d : %f : %d : %f %f\n", iy, dx, dxi, dxf, dxr); }
+    }
+
+    // if fractional offset is small, do not interpolate
+    int doInterp = fabs(dxf) < 1e-5 ? FALSE : TRUE;
+
     // flux = obj * PSF + sky
     for (int ix = 0; ix < Nx; ix++) {
@@ -191,5 +254,20 @@
 	// only add in the flux if we are in range of the PSF
 	if ((n >= 0) && (n < NpsfFull)) {
-	  value += objVy * psfV[n];
+	  if (doInterp) {
+	    if ((n > 0) && (n < NpsfFull)) {
+	      if (isfinite(psfV[n]) && isfinite(psfV[n-1])) {
+		value += objVy*psfV[n]*dxr + objVy*psfV[n-1]*dxf;
+	      }
+	    }
+	    if (n == 0) {
+	      if (isfinite(psfV[n])) {
+		value += objVy*psfV[n]*dxr;
+	      }
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    if (isfinite(psfV[n])) {
+	      value += objVy*psfV[n];
+	    }
+	  }
 	}
       } else {
@@ -329,5 +407,5 @@
 
   // shift pixels in x based on the trace
-  if (trace) {
+  if (slit_trace_red && slit_trace_blu) {
     ALLOCATE_PTR (outTraceBuffer, char, NxBase*Ny*sizeof(float));
     float *outTrace = (float *) outTraceBuffer;
@@ -337,5 +415,6 @@
 
       // evaluate the trace spline at this y-coord to find the x-coord offset of the profile center
-      float dx = -spline_apply_dbl (trace->xk, trace->yk, trace->y2, trace->Nknots, iy);
+      Spline *slit_trace = (iy < redlimit) ? slit_trace_red : slit_trace_blu;
+      float dx = -spline_apply_dbl (slit_trace->xk, slit_trace->yk, slit_trace->y2, slit_trace->Nknots, iy);
       
       // extract the integer pixel offset and the fractional offset
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkslit.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkslit.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/deimos_mkslit.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -7,14 +7,21 @@
   // input parameters:
   //   slit profile response : vector of fractional flux vs x-coord
-  //   trace                 : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
-  //   flux                  : vector of input signal vs y-coord
+  //   trace_ref,trace_blu   : spline fit of slit central x pos vs y-coord
+  //   flux (optional)       : vector of input signal vs y-coord
+  //   sky  (optional)       : vector of input signal vs y-coord
+  //   fluxbins (optional)   : size of output image in y-direction
+  //   NOTE: one of flux, sky, or fluxbins must be defined
+
+  // output : buff (an image with Nx defined by profile and Ny defined
+  //                by flux, sky, or fluxbins)
 
   int N;
 
-  Vector *profile = NULL;
-  Vector *flux    = NULL;
-  Vector *sky     = NULL;
-  Spline *trace   = NULL;
-  Buffer *buff    = NULL;
+  Vector *profile   = NULL;
+  Vector *flux      = NULL;
+  Vector *sky       = NULL;
+  Spline *trace_red = NULL;
+  Spline *trace_blu = NULL;
+  Buffer *buff      = NULL;
 
   // user-specified flux value (otherwise assumed to be 1)
@@ -40,6 +47,24 @@
   }
 
-  if (argc != 4) {
-    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos mkslit (profile) (trace) (buffer) [-flux vector] [-fluxbins N] [-sky vector]\n");
+  // either flux or fluxbins must be specified to define output size
+  int profilebins = 0;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-profilebins"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    profilebins = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  // for a red vs blu spline, we need to specify the split point
+  // XXX this is REALLY ad-hoc for Deimos.  not sure how to make
+  // this more generic (need to define the ranges somewhere)
+  int redlimit = 4096;
+  if ((N = get_argument (argc, argv, "-redlimit"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+    redlimit = atoi (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, &argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  if (argc != 5) {
+    gprint (GP_ERR, "USAGE: deimos mkslit (profile) (trace_red) (trace_blu) (buffer) [-flux vector] [-fluxbins N] [-sky vector]\n");
     return FALSE;
   }
@@ -51,10 +76,12 @@
 
   // XXX I probably should rename FindSpline as SelectSpline and give it the same behavior
-  if ((profile = SelectVector (argv[1], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-  if ((trace   = FindSpline (argv[2])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
-  if ((buff    = SelectBuffer (argv[3], ANYBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((profile   = SelectVector (argv[1], OLDVECTOR, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((trace_red = FindSpline (argv[2])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((trace_blu = FindSpline (argv[3])) == NULL) return (FALSE);
+  if ((buff      = SelectBuffer (argv[4], ANYBUFFER, TRUE)) == NULL) return (FALSE);
 
   // define the output window
-  int Nx = 2*profile[0].Nelements + 1;
+  // if no profile half-width is specified, use supplied profile 
+  int Nx = profilebins ? 2*profilebins + 1 : 2*profile[0].Nelements + 1;
   int Ny = flux ? flux[0].Nelements : fluxbins;
   
@@ -73,4 +100,5 @@
 
     // evaluate the trace spline at this y-coord to find the x-coord offset of the profile center
+    Spline *trace = (iy < redlimit) ? trace_red : trace_blu;
     float dx = spline_apply_dbl (trace->xk, trace->yk, trace->y2, trace->Nknots, iy);
     
@@ -90,5 +118,5 @@
 
       // set the sky in the entire window 
-      out[ix + iy*Nx] = sky ? sky->elements.Flt[iy] : 0.0;
+      out[ix + iy*Nx] = NAN;
 
       // equivalent coord in the profile:
@@ -98,4 +126,5 @@
 
       // a default value:
+      float vsky = sky ? sky->elements.Flt[iy] : 0.0;
       float vout = NAN;
 
@@ -121,5 +150,5 @@
       if (flux) vout *= flux->elements.Flt[iy];
 
-      out[ix + iy*Nx] += vout;
+      out[ix + iy*Nx] = vsky + vout;
     }
   }
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_fitarc.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_fitarc.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_fitarc.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+
+macro test_01
+ if ($0 != 2)
+   echo "USAGE: test_01 (offset)"
+   break
+ end
+
+  # make a gaussian profile
+  create x 0 31
+  set yo = 105.1*exp(-0.5*(x - 12.2)^2/2.2^2)
+  gaussdev dg yo[] 0 1
+  # set dg = zero(yo)
+  set y = yo + dg*sqrt(yo)
+
+  # fitarc version
+  dimenup y im 1 31
+  deimos fitarc im 0 0 1 31 -resid imf -max-iterations 0
+  dimendown imf yf1
+
+  echo $C0 $C2 $C1 $C3
+
+  $C0 = $C0 + $1
+  vgauss -apply x yf2
+
+  # dy1 : model from fitarc
+  # dy2 : rebuilt model
+  # NOTE: vgauss and fitarc output results match exactly
+  # asymmetry is a result of the fitted values
+  
+  set dy1 = y - yf1
+  set dy2 = y - yf2
+
+  lim -n 1 x dy2; clear; box;
+  
+  plot x dy1 -c red -x hist
+  plot x dy2 -c blue -x hist
+
+  lim -n 2 x y; clear; box;
+
+  plot x y  -c black -x hist -lw 4
+
+  plot x yf1 -c red -x hist -lw 3
+  plot x yf2 -c blue -x hist -lw 2
+end
+
+macro test_02
+ if ($0 != 2)
+   echo "USAGE: test_02 (offset)"
+   break
+ end
+
+  # make a gaussian profile
+  create x 0 31
+  set yo = 105.1*exp(-0.5*(x - 12.2)^2/2.2^2)
+  gaussdev dg yo[] 0 1
+  set dg = zero(yo)
+  set y = yo + dg*sqrt(yo)
+
+  # vgauss version
+  $C0 = 15
+  $C1 = 2
+  $C2 = 100
+  $C3 = 0
+  vgauss x y con yf1 -q
+  echo $C0 $C2 $C1 $C3
+  $C0 = $C0 + $1
+  vgauss -apply x yf3
+
+  set dy1 = y - yf1
+  set dy3 = y - yf3
+
+  # fitarc version
+  dimenup y im 1 31
+  deimos fitarc im 0 0 1 31 -resid dim -max-iterations 0
+  dimendown dim yf2
+  set dy2 = y - yf2
+
+  lim -n 1 x dy2; clear; box;
+  
+  plot x dy1 -c red -x hist
+  plot x dy2 -c blue -x hist
+  plot x dy3 -c black -x hist
+
+  lim -n 2 x y; clear; box;
+
+  plot x y  -c black -x hist -lw 3
+
+  plot x yf2 -c blue -x hist -lw 3
+  plot x yf1 -c red -x hist -lw 2
+  plot x yf3 -c blue60 -x hist
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_fitprofile.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_fitprofile.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_fitprofile.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+macro memtest1
+  # generate slit profile:
+  create xprof 0 17
+  $Xpmin = 3
+  $Xpmax = 13
+  set profile_left  = (xprof <= $Xpmin) ? exp(-0.5*(xprof - $Xpmin)^2/1.0^2) : zero(xprof)
+  set profile_right = (xprof >= $Xpmax) ? exp(-0.5*(xprof - $Xpmax)^2/1.0^2) : zero(xprof)
+  set profile_mid   = (xprof > $Xpmin) && (xprof < $Xpmax) ? zero(xprof) + 1 : zero(xprof)
+  set fprofile = profile_left + profile_mid + profile_right
+  set wprofile = 0.02*fprofile
+
+  $i = 0
+  deimos fitprofile -q xprof fprofile wprofile $Xpmin $Xpmax
+
+  # tv -n 0 out 250 750
+  # center 15 50 20
+  # resize 850 2050
+  # tvcolor rainbow
+  # break
+
+  memory check
+  for i 0 1000  
+    deimos fitprofile -q xprof fprofile wprofile $Xpmin $Xpmax
+  end
+  memory check
+end
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_fitslit.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_fitslit.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_fitslit.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+macro memtest1
+  # make a delta-function profile
+  create x 0 11
+  set yg = exp(-0.25*(x - 5)^2)
+
+  # flux vs wavelength is flat & short 
+  create w 0 100
+  set f = zero(w) + 1
+
+  delete -q Xn Yn
+  vlist Xn   0 100
+  vlist Yn   0   2
+
+  spline create trace Xn Yn
+  spline apply  trace w  dX
+  $i = 0
+
+  # run once to ensure the output is create
+  deimos mkslit yg trace trace outbuff -flux f
+  mgaussdev noise outbuff[][0] outbuff[0][] 0.0 0.2
+
+  set obs = 2*outbuff + noise
+  deimos fitslit obs outbuff outf outs
+
+  memory check
+  for i 0 1000  
+    deimos mkslit yg trace trace outbuff -flux f
+  end
+  memory check
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_mkalt.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_mkalt.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_mkalt.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+
+macro memtest1
+  # generate LSF:
+  create x 0 7
+  set lsf = exp(-0.5*(x-3)^2)
+
+  # generate PSF:
+  create xp 0 9
+  set psf = exp(-0.5*(xp-5)^2/1.5^2)
+
+  # generate slit profile:
+  create xprof 0 17
+  $Xpmin = 3
+  $Xpmax = 13
+  set profile_left  = (xprof <= $Xpmin) ? exp(-0.5*(xprof - $Xpmin)^2/1.0^2) : zero(xprof)
+  set profile_right = (xprof >= $Xpmax) ? exp(-0.5*(xprof - $Xpmax)^2/1.0^2) : zero(xprof)
+  set profile_mid   = (xprof > $Xpmin) && (xprof < $Xpmax) ? zero(xprof) + 1 : zero(xprof)
+  set profile = profile_left + profile_mid + profile_right
+
+  # generate object flux:
+  create wave 0 100
+  set flux = 100 + 0.5*wave
+
+  # generate sky flux:
+  set sky = 200 + zero(wave)
+
+  # off-slit background:
+  set backgnd = 300 + zero(wave)
+
+  # slit trace
+  vlist Xn   0 100 
+  vlist Yn   0   4
+  spline create slit_trace_in Xn Yn
+
+  # psf trace
+  vlist Xn   0 25 50 75 100 
+  vlist Yn   0  2  4  2   0
+  spline create psf_trace_in Xn Yn
+
+  $i = 0
+  deimos mkalt out 31 -psf psf -object flux -sky sky -stilt 20.0 -profile profile -backgnd backgnd -trace slit_trace_in
+
+  # tv -n 0 out 250 750
+  # center 15 50 20
+  # resize 850 2050
+  # tvcolor rainbow
+  # break
+
+  memory check
+  for i 0 1000  
+    deimos mkalt out 31 -psf psf -object flux -sky sky -stilt 20.0 -profile profile -backgnd backgnd -trace slit_trace_in
+  end
+  memory check
+end
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_mkobj.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_mkobj.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_mkobj.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+
+macro memtest1
+  # generate LSF:
+  create x 0 7
+  set lsf = exp(-0.5*(x-3)^2)
+
+  # generate PSF:
+  create xp 0 9
+  set psf = exp(-0.5*(xp-5)^2/1.5^2)
+
+  # generate slit profile:
+  create xprof 0 17
+  $Xpmin = 3
+  $Xpmax = 13
+  set profile_left  = (xprof <= $Xpmin) ? exp(-0.5*(xprof - $Xpmin)^2/1.0^2) : zero(xprof)
+  set profile_right = (xprof >= $Xpmax) ? exp(-0.5*(xprof - $Xpmax)^2/1.0^2) : zero(xprof)
+  set profile_mid   = (xprof > $Xpmin) && (xprof < $Xpmax) ? zero(xprof) + 1 : zero(xprof)
+  set profile = profile_left + profile_mid + profile_right
+
+  # generate object flux:
+  create wave 0 100
+  set flux = 100 + 0.5*wave
+
+  # generate sky flux:
+  set sky = 200 + zero(wave)
+
+  # off-slit background:
+  set backgnd = 300 + zero(wave)
+
+  # slit trace
+  vlist Xn   0 100 
+  vlist Yn   0   4
+  spline create slit_trace_in Xn Yn
+
+  # psf trace
+  vlist Xn   0 25 50 75 100 
+  vlist Yn   0  2  4  2   0
+  spline create psf_trace_in Xn Yn
+
+  $i = 0
+  deimos mkobj out 31 -psf psf -object flux -sky sky -stilt 20.0 -lsf lsf -profile profile -backgnd backgnd -slit-trace slit_trace_in -psf-trace psf_trace_in
+
+  # tv -n 0 out 250 750
+  # center 15 50 20
+  # resize 850 2050
+  # tvcolor rainbow
+  # break
+
+  memory check
+  for i 0 1000  
+    deimos mkobj out 31 -psf psf -object flux -sky sky -stilt 20.0 -lsf lsf -profile profile -backgnd backgnd -slit-trace slit_trace_in -psf-trace psf_trace_in
+  end
+  memory check
+end
+
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_mkslit.sh
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_mkslit.sh	(revision 41170)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/opihi/mana/test/deimos_mkslit.sh	(revision 41170)
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+
+macro memtest1
+  # make a delta-function profile
+  create x 0 11
+  set yg = exp(-0.25*(x - 5)^2)
+
+  # flux vs wavelength is flat & short 
+  create w 0 100
+  set f = zero(w) + 1
+
+  delete -q Xn Yn
+  vlist Xn   0 100
+  vlist Yn   0   2
+
+  spline create trace Xn Yn
+  spline apply  trace w  dX
+  $i = 0
+
+  # run once to ensure the output is create
+  deimos mkslit yg trace trace outbuff -flux f
+
+  memory check
+  for i 0 1000  
+    deimos mkslit yg trace trace outbuff -flux f
+  end
+  memory check
+end
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/relphot/src/reload_catalogs.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/relphot/src/reload_catalogs.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/relphot/src/reload_catalogs.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -62,4 +62,8 @@
 
     catalog.catflags    = DVO_LOAD_AVERAGE | DVO_LOAD_MEASURE | DVO_LOAD_MISSING | DVO_LOAD_SECFILT;
+    // if we are going to update the format, we should update all tables
+    if (UPDATE_CATFORMAT) {
+      catalog.catflags |= DVO_LOAD_LENSING | DVO_LOAD_LENSOBJ | DVO_LOAD_STARPAR | DVO_LOAD_GALPHOT;
+    }
     catalog.Nsecfilt    = GetPhotcodeNsecfilt ();               // set the desired number in case we need to create the catalog
 
Index: branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/relphot/src/relphot_objects.c
===================================================================
--- branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/relphot/src/relphot_objects.c	(revision 41144)
+++ branches/eam_branches/ipp-20191011/Ohana/src/relphot/src/relphot_objects.c	(revision 41170)
@@ -73,4 +73,8 @@
 
     catalog.catflags    = DVO_LOAD_AVERAGE | DVO_LOAD_MEASURE | DVO_LOAD_MISSING | DVO_LOAD_SECFILT;
+    // if we are going to update the format, we should update all tables
+    if (UPDATE_CATFORMAT) {
+      catalog.catflags |= DVO_LOAD_LENSING | DVO_LOAD_LENSOBJ | DVO_LOAD_STARPAR | DVO_LOAD_GALPHOT;
+    }
     catalog.Nsecfilt    = GetPhotcodeNsecfilt ();
 
@@ -162,5 +166,11 @@
     // we can optionally convert output format here
     // but it would be better to define a dvo crawler program to do this
-    // catalog.catformat = DVO_FORMAT_PS1_V1;  
+    // catalog.catformat = DVO_FORMAT_PS1_V1;
+
+    // modify the output format as desired (ignore current format on disk)
+    if (UPDATE_CATFORMAT) {
+      catalog.catformat = dvo_catalog_catformat (UPDATE_CATFORMAT);
+    }
+    
     SetProtect (TRUE);
     if (!dvo_catalog_save (&catalog, VERBOSE)) { fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: failed to save %s\n", catalog.filename); exit (1); }
