Index: /trunk/Ohana/src/tools/src/mysql_to_fits.c
===================================================================
--- /trunk/Ohana/src/tools/src/mysql_to_fits.c	(revision 41917)
+++ /trunk/Ohana/src/tools/src/mysql_to_fits.c	(revision 41917)
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+# include <ohana.h>
+# include <gfitsio.h>
+# include "inttypes.h"
+# include "mysql.h"
+
+# define SWAP_BYTE {					\
+    char tmp;						\
+    tmp = Pin[0]; Pin[0] = Pin[1]; Pin[1] = tmp; }
+# define SWAP_WORD {					\
+    char tmp;						\
+    tmp = Pin[0]; Pin[0] = Pin[3]; Pin[3] = tmp;	\
+    tmp = Pin[1]; Pin[1] = Pin[2]; Pin[2] = tmp; }
+# define SWAP_DBLE {					\
+    char tmp;						\
+    tmp = Pin[0]; Pin[0] = Pin[7]; Pin[7] = tmp;	\
+    tmp = Pin[1]; Pin[1] = Pin[6]; Pin[6] = tmp;	\
+    tmp = Pin[2]; Pin[2] = Pin[5]; Pin[5] = tmp;	\
+    tmp = Pin[3]; Pin[3] = Pin[4]; Pin[4] = tmp; }
+
+# define DEBUG 1
+# define NMAX    0x100
+# define NBUFFER 0x100000
+# define NROWS 10000
+# define MAX_BUFFER 0x080000
+
+# define TO_BUFFER 1
+
+typedef enum {
+  TYPE_NONE,  
+  TYPE_CHAR,  
+  TYPE_BYTE,  
+  TYPE_SHORT, 
+  TYPE_INT,   
+  TYPE_INT64, 
+  TYPE_FLOAT, 
+  TYPE_DOUBLE,
+  TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+} TypeInt;
+
+// generate a structure to describe the table:
+typedef struct {
+  char *rawname; // name of the column in the fits header
+  char *colname; // name of the column to be used in the db
+  char *format;
+  TypeInt type;
+  int Nval;
+  int Nbytes;
+} ColumnDef;
+
+char        *DATABASE_HOST;
+char        *DATABASE_USER;
+char        *DATABASE_PASS;
+char        *DATABASE_NAME;
+char        *TABLENAME;
+char        *TABLEPREFIX;
+char        *TABLESUFFIX;
+char        *SEQUENCE_COLUMN;
+int          SEQUENCE_COLUMN_START;
+
+int args (int *argc, char **argv);
+void usage();
+
+void FreeColumnDef (ColumnDef *columns, int Ncolumns);
+ColumnDef *parse_table (Header *header, int *ncolumn);
+int create_table (ColumnDef *columns, int Ncolumns, char *extname, IOBuffer *insert, MYSQL *mysql);
+void write_data (ColumnDef *columns, int Ncolumns, int start, FTable *table, IOBuffer *insert, MYSQL *mysql);
+
+void *gfits_get_bintable_column_data_by_Ncol (FTable *table, int Nfield, char *type, off_t *Nrow, int *Ncol, char nativeOrder);
+int CopyIOBuffer (IOBuffer *output, IOBuffer *input);
+
+void replace_dot_with_underscore (char *string);
+
+void dump_on_failure (IOBuffer *buffer);
+MYSQL *mysql_connect (MYSQL *mysqlBase);
+int mysql_commit_buffer (IOBuffer *buffer, MYSQL *mysql);
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv) {
+
+  args (&argc, argv);
+  if (argc != 2) usage ();
+  char *input = argv[1];
+
+  MYSQL  mysqlBase;
+  MYSQL *mysqlReal = mysql_connect (&mysqlBase);
+  if (!mysqlReal) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "failed to connect to mysql\n");
+    exit (1);
+  }
+
+  FTable table;
+  Header header;
+  table.header = &header;
+  table.buffer = NULL;
+
+  FILE *f = fopen (input, "r");
+  if (f == (FILE *) NULL) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "can't open file %s\n", input);
+    exit (1);
+  }
+
+  int Nsection = 0;
+  int Ntable = 0;
+  while (gfits_fread_header (f, &header)) {
+
+    /* extract the EXTNAME for this component (set to PHU for 0th component) */
+    char extname[80];
+    int status = gfits_scan (&header, "EXTNAME", "%s", 1, extname);
+    if (!status) {
+      if (Nsection == 0) {
+	strcpy (extname, "PHU");
+      } else {
+	strcpy (extname, "UNKNOWN");
+      }
+    }
+    fprintf (stdout, "%-30s ", extname);
+
+    /* extract the datatype for this component (IMAGE for 0th component) */
+    char exttype[80];
+    if (Nsection == 0) {
+      strcpy (exttype, "IMAGE");
+    } else {
+      status = gfits_scan (&header, "XTENSION", "%s", 1, exttype);
+      if (!status) {
+	strcpy (exttype, "UNKNOWN");
+      }
+    }
+    fprintf (stdout, "%-15s ", exttype);
+
+    fprintf (stdout, " %4d", header.Naxes);
+
+    /* extract the individual axes */
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < header.Naxes; i++) {
+      fprintf (stdout, " "OFF_T_FMT, header.Naxis[i]);
+    }
+    fprintf (stdout, "\n");
+
+    if (strcmp(exttype, "BINTABLE")) {
+      off_t Nbytes = gfits_data_size (&header);
+      gfits_free_header (&header);
+      fseeko (f, Nbytes, SEEK_CUR);
+      Nsection ++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    int Ncolumns;
+    ColumnDef *columns = parse_table (&header, &Ncolumns);
+
+    IOBuffer insert;
+    InitIOBuffer (&insert, 1024);
+
+    if ((Ntable > 0) && TABLENAME) {
+      fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: table name is supplied but more than one table is read: earlier tables will be replaced\n");
+    } 
+    create_table (columns, Ncolumns, extname, &insert, mysqlReal);
+
+    // need to reset this on each pass?
+    myAssert (!table.buffer, "oops");
+
+    // total number of bytes in the data section (including pad at the end)
+    off_t Nbytes = gfits_data_size (&header);
+    
+    off_t Ntotal = header.Naxis[1];
+    int Nrows = NROWS;
+    int start = 0;
+    while (start < Ntotal) {
+      if (!gfits_fread_ftable_range (f, FALSE, TRUE, &table, start, Nrows)) {
+	fprintf (stderr, "error reading table for extension %d\n", Nsection);
+	exit (1);
+      }
+      fprintf (stderr, "read "OFF_T_FMT" rows\n", header.Naxis[1]);
+
+      write_data (columns, Ncolumns, start, &table, &insert, mysqlReal);
+
+      start += Nrows;
+      Nbytes -= header.Naxis[0]*header.Naxis[1]*abs(header.bitpix / 8);
+      header.Naxis[1] = Ntotal;
+    }
+
+    gfits_free_table (&table);
+    gfits_free_header (&header);
+
+    // move the pointer to the end of this data segment
+    fseeko (f, Nbytes, SEEK_CUR);
+    Nsection ++;
+    Ntable ++;
+
+    FreeColumnDef (columns, Ncolumns);
+    FreeIOBuffer (&insert);
+  }
+  gfits_free_header (&header);
+
+  fclose (f);
+
+  FREE (DATABASE_HOST);
+  FREE (DATABASE_USER);
+  FREE (DATABASE_PASS);
+  FREE (DATABASE_NAME);
+  FREE (TABLENAME);
+  FREE (TABLEPREFIX);
+  FREE (TABLESUFFIX);
+  FREE (SEQUENCE_COLUMN);
+
+  ohana_memdump (TRUE);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
+
+void FreeColumnDef (ColumnDef *columns, int Ncolumns) {
+
+  int i;
+
+  if (!columns) return;
+  for (i = 0; i < Ncolumns; i++) {
+    FREE (columns[i].rawname);
+    FREE (columns[i].colname);
+    FREE (columns[i].format);
+  }
+  FREE (columns);
+  return;
+}
+
+ColumnDef *parse_table (Header *header, int *ncolumn) {
+
+  int i, j;
+
+  int Ncolumn = 0;
+  int NCOLUMN = 50;
+  ColumnDef *column = NULL;
+  ALLOCATE (column, ColumnDef, NCOLUMN);
+
+  // print out the columns (need to swap first)
+
+  int Nfields;
+  if (!gfits_scan (header, "TFIELDS", "%d", 1, &Nfields)) return NULL;
+
+  // generate the sequence column first so that any actual table columns which match the
+  // requested name get a uniquified colname
+  if (SEQUENCE_COLUMN) {
+    column[Ncolumn].colname = strcreate (SEQUENCE_COLUMN);
+    column[Ncolumn].rawname = strcreate (SEQUENCE_COLUMN);
+    column[Ncolumn].format = NULL;
+    replace_dot_with_underscore (column[Ncolumn].colname);
+    column[Ncolumn].Nval = 0;
+    column[Ncolumn].Nbytes = 0;
+    column[Ncolumn].type = TYPE_SEQUENCE;
+    Ncolumn++;
+  }
+
+  // first, extract the table data:
+  for (i = 0; i < Nfields; i++) {
+
+    char field[256], tlabel[256], format[256];
+    snprintf (field, 256, "TTYPE%d", i+1);
+    gfits_scan (header, field, "%s", 1, tlabel);
+
+    snprintf (field, 256, "TFORM%d", i+1);
+    gfits_scan (header, field, "%s", 1, format);
+
+    // some special names must be protected:
+    if (!strcasecmp (tlabel, "index")) { strcpy (tlabel, "index_"); }
+    if (!strcasecmp (tlabel, "table")) { strcpy (tlabel, "table_"); }
+
+    // check for duplicates
+    int Ndup = 0;
+    for (j = 0; j < Ncolumn; j++) {
+      if (strcmp (column[j].rawname, tlabel)) continue;
+      Ndup ++;
+    }
+    if (Ndup) {
+      char tmpname[256];
+      snprintf (tmpname, 256, "%s_%d", tlabel, Ndup);
+      column[Ncolumn].colname = strcreate (tmpname);
+    } else {
+      column[Ncolumn].colname = strcreate (tlabel);
+    }
+    column[Ncolumn].rawname = strcreate (tlabel);
+    column[Ncolumn].format = strcreate (format);
+    replace_dot_with_underscore (column[Ncolumn].colname);
+
+    char type[16];
+    int Nval, Nbytes;
+    if (!gfits_bintable_format (format, type, &Nval, &Nbytes)) return NULL;
+    column[Ncolumn].Nval = Nval;
+    column[Ncolumn].Nbytes = Nbytes;
+
+    // save the type as well
+    if (!strcmp (type, "byte"))    column[Ncolumn].type = TYPE_BYTE;
+    if (!strcmp (type, "short"))   column[Ncolumn].type = TYPE_SHORT;
+    if (!strcmp (type, "int"))     column[Ncolumn].type = TYPE_INT;
+    if (!strcmp (type, "int64_t")) column[Ncolumn].type = TYPE_INT64;
+    if (!strcmp (type, "float"))   column[Ncolumn].type = TYPE_FLOAT;
+    if (!strcmp (type, "double"))  column[Ncolumn].type = TYPE_DOUBLE;
+    if (!strcmp (type, "char"))    column[Ncolumn].type = TYPE_CHAR;
+
+    Ncolumn ++;
+    if (Ncolumn == NCOLUMN) {
+      NCOLUMN += 100;
+      REALLOCATE (column, ColumnDef, NCOLUMN);
+    }
+  }
+  *ncolumn = Ncolumn;
+  return column;
+}
+
+/* print a double an IOBuffer (sprintf_double) */
+int PrintIOBuffer_double (IOBuffer *buffer, double value) {
+
+  /* add the output line to the given IOBuffer */
+  
+  char output[128]; // I can use a fixed-length buffer since sprintf_double prints no more than 22 bytes;
+
+  output[0] = 0x27;
+  int Nbyte = sprintf_double (&output[1], value);
+  output[Nbyte+1] = 0x27; // 'asdf' : 012345
+  output[Nbyte+2] = 0;
+  Nbyte += 2;
+
+  if (buffer[0].Nbuffer + Nbyte + 1 >= buffer[0].Nalloc) {
+    buffer[0].Nalloc = buffer[0].Nbuffer + Nbyte + 64;
+    REALLOCATE (buffer[0].buffer, char, buffer[0].Nalloc);
+  }
+
+  strcpy (&buffer[0].buffer[buffer[0].Nbuffer], output);
+  buffer[0].Nbuffer += Nbyte; // buffer[Nbuffer] is the EOL null byte
+
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+/* float to an IOBuffer (sprintf_float) */
+int PrintIOBuffer_float (IOBuffer *buffer, float value) {
+
+  /* add the output line to the given IOBuffer */
+  
+  char output[128]; // I can use a fixed-length buffer since sprintf_float prints no more than 14 bytes;
+
+  output[0] = 0x27;
+  int Nbyte = sprintf_float (&output[1], value);
+  output[Nbyte+1] = 0x27; // 'asdf' : 012345
+  output[Nbyte+2] = 0;
+  Nbyte += 2;
+
+  if (buffer[0].Nbuffer + Nbyte + 1 >= buffer[0].Nalloc) {
+    buffer[0].Nalloc = buffer[0].Nbuffer + Nbyte + 64;
+    REALLOCATE (buffer[0].buffer, char, buffer[0].Nalloc);
+  }
+
+  strcpy (&buffer[0].buffer[buffer[0].Nbuffer], output);
+  buffer[0].Nbuffer += Nbyte; // buffer[Nbuffer] is the EOL null byte
+
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+void PrintColumns (IOBuffer *buffer, char *typename, char *rootname, int Nval) {
+  if (Nval > 1) {
+    int j;
+    char colname[64];
+    for (j = 0; j < Nval; j++) {
+      snprintf (colname, 64, "%s_%d", rootname, j + 1);
+      PrintIOBuffer (buffer, "%s %s", colname, typename);
+      if (j < Nval - 1) {
+	PrintIOBuffer (buffer, ",\n");
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    PrintIOBuffer (buffer, "%s %s", rootname, typename);
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+// the 'insert' buffer will be used to generate the insert lines downstream (call InitIOBuffer on it first)
+int create_table (ColumnDef *columns, int Ncolumns, char *extname, IOBuffer *insert, MYSQL *mysql) {
+
+  int i;
+
+  IOBuffer buffer;
+  InitIOBuffer (&buffer, 1024);
+
+  char *tablename = NULL;
+  int length = TABLENAME ? strlen(TABLENAME) : strlen(extname);
+  if (TABLEPREFIX) length += strlen(TABLEPREFIX);
+  if (TABLESUFFIX) length += strlen(TABLESUFFIX);
+  ALLOCATE_ZERO (tablename, char, length + 1);
+  if (TABLEPREFIX) strcpy (tablename, TABLEPREFIX);
+  if (TABLENAME) {
+    strcat (tablename, TABLENAME);
+  } else {
+    strcat (tablename, extname);
+  }
+  if (TABLESUFFIX) strcat (tablename, TABLESUFFIX);
+  replace_dot_with_underscore (tablename);
+
+  // some special names must be protected:
+  if (!strcasecmp (tablename, "index")) {
+    free (tablename);
+    tablename = strcreate ("index_");
+  }
+  if (!strcasecmp (tablename, "table")) {
+    free (tablename);
+    tablename = strcreate ("table_");
+  }
+
+  // drop the table if it exists
+  PrintIOBuffer (&buffer, "DROP TABLE if exists %s\n", tablename);
+  int status = mysql_query(mysql, buffer.buffer); 
+  if (status) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "failed to drop table:\n");
+    fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
+    dump_on_failure (&buffer);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  buffer.Nbuffer = 0;
+  bzero (buffer.buffer, buffer.Nalloc);
+
+  // Only send the necessary fields (eg, do not sent parallax and pm)
+  PrintIOBuffer (&buffer, "CREATE TABLE %s (\n", tablename);
+  PrintIOBuffer (insert, "INSERT INTO %s (\n", tablename);
+
+  // first, extract the table data:
+  for (i = 0; i < Ncolumns; i++) {
+
+    // watch out for Nval != 1
+    switch (columns[i].type) {
+      case TYPE_BYTE:
+	PrintColumns (&buffer, "SMALLINT", columns[i].colname, columns[i].Nval);
+	break;
+      case TYPE_SHORT:
+	PrintColumns (&buffer, "SMALLINT", columns[i].colname, columns[i].Nval);
+	break;
+      case TYPE_INT:
+	PrintColumns (&buffer, "INT", columns[i].colname, columns[i].Nval);
+	break;
+      case TYPE_INT64:
+	PrintColumns (&buffer, "BIGINT", columns[i].colname, columns[i].Nval);
+	break;
+      case TYPE_FLOAT:
+	PrintColumns (&buffer, "FLOAT", columns[i].colname, columns[i].Nval);
+	break;
+      case TYPE_DOUBLE:
+	PrintColumns (&buffer, "DOUBLE", columns[i].colname, columns[i].Nval);
+	break;
+      case TYPE_CHAR:
+	PrintIOBuffer (&buffer, "%s VARCHAR(%d)", columns[i].colname, columns[i].Nval);
+	break;
+      case TYPE_SEQUENCE:
+	// SEQUENCE is a (single) special column with a sequence of values from SEQUENCE_COLUMN_START
+	PrintIOBuffer (&buffer, "%s INT", columns[i].colname);
+	break;
+      default:
+	myAbort ("oops");
+    }
+
+    if ((columns[i].Nval > 1) && (columns[i].type != TYPE_CHAR)) {
+      int j;
+      char colname[64];
+      for (j = 0; j < columns[i].Nval; j++) {
+	snprintf (colname, 64, "%s_%d", columns[i].colname, j + 1);
+	PrintIOBuffer (insert, "%s", colname);
+	if (j < columns[i].Nval - 1) {
+	  PrintIOBuffer (insert, ",\n");
+	}
+      }
+    } else {
+      PrintIOBuffer (insert, "%s", columns[i].colname);
+    }
+
+    if (i == Ncolumns - 1)  {
+      PrintIOBuffer (&buffer, ")\n");
+      PrintIOBuffer (insert, ") VALUES \n");
+    } else {
+      PrintIOBuffer (&buffer, ",\n");
+      PrintIOBuffer (insert, ",\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  status = mysql_query(mysql, buffer.buffer); 
+  if (status) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "failed to create table:\n");
+    fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
+    fprintf (stderr, "Nbuffer: %d\n", buffer.Nbuffer);
+    dump_on_failure (&buffer);
+  }
+
+  FreeIOBuffer (&buffer);
+  free (tablename);
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+void write_data (ColumnDef *columns, int Ncolumns, int start, FTable *table, IOBuffer *insert, MYSQL *mysql) {
+
+  int i, j, Nf;
+
+  // copy the 'insert' IOBuffer to the output buffer
+  IOBuffer output;
+  InitIOBuffer (&output, 1024);
+  CopyIOBuffer (&output, insert);
+
+  int Ny = table->header->Naxis[1];
+
+  ALLOCATE_PTR (data, void *, Ncolumns);
+
+  // first, extract the table data: (probably should save this structure and re-use in create_table)
+  int Nfield = 1;
+  for (i = 0; i < Ncolumns; i++) {
+    off_t Nrow;
+    int Ncol;
+    char type[16];
+
+    // we need to skip past virtual columns that do not correspond to actual table columns
+    if (columns[i].type == TYPE_SEQUENCE) { data[i] = NULL; continue; }
+    data[i] = gfits_get_bintable_column_data_by_Ncol (table, Nfield, type, &Nrow, &Ncol, FALSE);
+    Nfield ++;
+    myAssert (Ncol == columns[i].Nval, "oops (1)");
+    myAssert (Nrow == Ny, "oops (2)");
+  }
+
+  // convert the type characters to an enum for speed here
+  // could also generate pointers of all types to the data;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < Ny; i++) {
+    PrintIOBuffer (&output, "( ");
+    for (Nf = 0; Nf < Ncolumns; Nf++) {
+      switch (columns[Nf].type) {
+	case TYPE_SEQUENCE:
+	  // XXX need to include offset from table block and possible starting offset
+	  PrintIOBuffer (&output, "%d", i + start + SEQUENCE_COLUMN_START);
+	  break;
+	case TYPE_CHAR: {
+	  char line[1024];
+	  char *value = data[Nf];
+	  memset (line, 0, 128);
+	  memcpy (line, &value[i*columns[Nf].Nval], columns[Nf].Nval);
+	  PrintIOBuffer (&output, "'%s'", line);
+	  break;
+	} 
+	case TYPE_BYTE: {
+	  char *value = data[Nf];
+	  for (j = 0; j < columns[Nf].Nval; j++) {
+	    PrintIOBuffer (&output, "%hhd", value[i*columns[Nf].Nval + j]);
+	    if (j < columns[Nf].Nval - 1) {
+	      PrintIOBuffer (&output, ",\n");
+	    }
+	  }
+	  break;
+	}
+	case TYPE_SHORT: {
+	  short *value = data[Nf];
+	  for (j = 0; j < columns[Nf].Nval; j++) {
+	    PrintIOBuffer (&output, "%hd", value[i*columns[Nf].Nval + j]);
+	    if (j < columns[Nf].Nval - 1) {
+	      PrintIOBuffer (&output, ",\n");
+	    }
+	  }
+	  break;
+	}
+	case TYPE_INT: {
+	  int *value = data[Nf];
+	  for (j = 0; j < columns[Nf].Nval; j++) {
+	    PrintIOBuffer (&output, "%d", value[i*columns[Nf].Nval + j]);
+	    if (j < columns[Nf].Nval - 1) {
+	      PrintIOBuffer (&output, ",\n");
+	    }
+	  }
+	  break;
+	}
+	case TYPE_INT64: {
+	  int64_t *value = data[Nf];
+	  for (j = 0; j < columns[Nf].Nval; j++) {
+	    PrintIOBuffer (&output, "%lld", (long long int) value[i*columns[Nf].Nval + j]);
+	    if (j < columns[Nf].Nval - 1) {
+	      PrintIOBuffer (&output, ",\n");
+	    }
+	  }
+	  break;
+	}
+	case TYPE_FLOAT: {
+	  float *value = data[Nf];
+	  for (j = 0; j < columns[Nf].Nval; j++) {
+	    float myValue = value[i*columns[Nf].Nval + j];
+	    if (isfinite(myValue)) {
+	      PrintIOBuffer_float (&output, myValue);
+	    } else {
+	      PrintIOBuffer (&output, "NULL");
+	    }
+	    if (j < columns[Nf].Nval - 1) {
+	      PrintIOBuffer (&output, ",\n");
+	    }
+	  }
+	  break;
+	}
+	case TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+	  double *value = data[Nf];
+	  for (j = 0; j < columns[Nf].Nval; j++) {
+	    double myValue = value[i*columns[Nf].Nval + j];
+	    if (isfinite(myValue)) {
+	      PrintIOBuffer_double (&output, myValue);
+	    } else {
+	      PrintIOBuffer (&output, "NULL");
+	    }
+	    if (j < columns[Nf].Nval - 1) {
+	      PrintIOBuffer (&output, ",\n");
+	    }
+	  }
+	  break;
+	}
+	default:
+	  myAbort ("impossible");
+      }
+      if (Nf < Ncolumns - 1) {
+	PrintIOBuffer (&output, ",\n");
+      } else {
+	PrintIOBuffer (&output, "),\n");
+      }
+    }
+    if (output.Nbuffer > MAX_BUFFER) {
+      mysql_commit_buffer (&output, mysql);
+      CopyIOBuffer (&output, insert);
+    }
+  }
+
+  mysql_commit_buffer (&output, mysql);
+  FreeIOBuffer (&output);
+  
+  for (i = 0 ; i < Ncolumns; i++) {
+    free (data[i]);
+  }
+  free (data);
+  return;
+}
+
+void *gfits_get_bintable_column_data_by_Ncol (FTable *table, int Nfield, char *type, off_t *Nrow, int *Ncol, char nativeOrder) {
+
+  int i;
+  char tlabel[256], field[256], format[256], tmpline[64];
+  char *Pin, *Pout, *array;
+  double Bscale, Bzero;
+
+  Header *header = table->header;
+
+  int Nfields;
+  if (!gfits_scan (header, "TFIELDS", "%d", 1, &Nfields)) return NULL;
+
+  if (Nfield < 1) return NULL;
+  if (Nfield > Nfields) return NULL;
+
+  Bscale = 1; 
+  Bzero  = 0;
+
+  /* get column keywords */
+  snprintf (field, 256, "TTYPE%d", Nfield);
+  gfits_scan (header, field, "%s", 1, tlabel);
+  snprintf (field, 256, "TSCAL%d", Nfield);
+  gfits_scan (header, field, "%lf", 1, &Bscale);
+  snprintf (field, 256, "TZERO%d", Nfield);
+  gfits_scan (header, field, "%lf", 1, &Bzero);
+  snprintf (field, 256, "TFORM%d", Nfield);
+  gfits_scan (header, field, "%s", 1, format);
+
+  int Nval, Nbytes;
+  if (!gfits_bintable_format (format, type, &Nval, &Nbytes)) return (NULL);
+  
+  /* check existing table dimensions */
+  off_t Nx, Ny;
+  gfits_scan (header, "NAXIS1",  OFF_T_FMT, 1,  &Nx);
+  gfits_scan (header, "NAXIS2",  OFF_T_FMT, 1,  &Ny);
+
+  /* scan columns to find insert point */
+  int Nstart = 0;
+  for (i = 1; i < Nfield; i++) {
+    snprintf (field, 256, "TFORM%d", i);
+    gfits_scan (header, field, "%s", 1, format);
+    int Nv, Nb;
+    gfits_bintable_format (format, tmpline, &Nv, &Nb);
+    Nstart += Nv*Nb;
+  }
+
+  /* extract bytes from table into array */
+  ALLOCATE (array, char, Nbytes*Nval*Ny);
+  Pin  = table[0].buffer + Nstart;
+  Pout = array;
+  for (i = 0; i < Ny; i++, Pin += Nx, Pout += Nval*Nbytes) {
+    memcpy (Pout, Pin, Nval*Nbytes);
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: we have already copied the data to 'array', 
+  Pin  = array;
+  Pout = array;
+  int directCopy = (Bzero == 0.0) && (Bscale == 1.0);
+
+  /* convert data in-situ with correct type, byte swap and Bzero/Bscale */
+  if (!strcmp (type, "char")) {
+    for (i = 0; i < Nval*Ny; i++, Pin+=Nbytes, Pout+=Nbytes) {
+      if (!directCopy) { *(char *)Pout = *(char *)Pin*Bscale + Bzero; }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!strcmp (type, "byte")) {
+    for (i = 0; i < Nval*Ny; i++, Pin+=Nbytes, Pout+=Nbytes) {
+      if (!directCopy) { *(char *)Pout = *(char *)Pin*Bscale + Bzero; }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!strcmp (type, "short")) {
+    for (i = 0; i < Nval*Ny; i++, Pin+=Nbytes, Pout+=Nbytes) {
+# ifdef BYTE_SWAP
+      if (!nativeOrder) { SWAP_BYTE; }
+# endif
+      if (!directCopy) { *(short *)Pout = *(short *)Pin*Bscale + Bzero; }
+    }  
+  }
+  if (!strcmp (type, "int")) {
+    for (i = 0; i < Nval*Ny; i++, Pin+=Nbytes, Pout+=Nbytes) {
+# ifdef BYTE_SWAP
+      if (!nativeOrder) { SWAP_WORD; }
+# endif
+      if (!directCopy) { *(int *)Pout = *(int *)Pin*Bscale + Bzero; }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!strcmp (type, "int64_t")) {
+    for (i = 0; i < Nval*Ny; i++, Pin+=Nbytes, Pout+=Nbytes) {
+# ifdef BYTE_SWAP
+      if (!nativeOrder) { SWAP_DBLE; }
+# endif
+      if (!directCopy) { *(int64_t *)Pout = *(int64_t *)Pin*Bscale + Bzero; }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!strcmp (type, "float")) {
+    for (i = 0; i < Nval*Ny; i++, Pin+=Nbytes, Pout+=Nbytes) {
+# ifdef BYTE_SWAP
+      if (!nativeOrder) { SWAP_WORD; }
+# endif
+      if (!directCopy) { *(float *)Pout = *(float *)Pin*Bscale + Bzero; }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!strcmp (type, "double")) {
+    for (i = 0; i < Nval*Ny; i++, Pin+=Nbytes, Pout+=Nbytes) {
+# ifdef BYTE_SWAP
+      if (!nativeOrder) { SWAP_DBLE; }
+# endif
+      if (!directCopy) { *(double *)Pout = *(double *)Pin*Bscale + Bzero; }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // check that we supplied a valid type
+
+  *Ncol = Nval;
+  *Nrow = Ny;
+  return (array);
+}
+
+int CopyIOBuffer (IOBuffer *output, IOBuffer *input) {
+
+  output[0].Nalloc  = input[0].Nalloc; 
+  output[0].Nreset  = input[0].Nreset; 
+  output[0].Nblock  = input[0].Nblock; 
+  output[0].Nbuffer = input[0].Nbuffer;
+
+  if (output->buffer) {
+    REALLOCATE (output[0].buffer, char, output[0].Nalloc);
+  } else {
+    ALLOCATE (output[0].buffer, char, output[0].Nalloc);
+  }
+
+  memcpy (output->buffer, input->buffer, input->Nbuffer);
+
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+int args (int *argc, char **argv) {
+
+  int N;
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-dbhost"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+    DATABASE_HOST = strcreate (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  } else usage();
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-dbuser"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+    DATABASE_USER = strcreate (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  } else usage();
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-dbpass"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+    DATABASE_PASS = strcreate (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  } else usage();
+
+  if ((N = get_argument (*argc, argv, "-dbname"))) {
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+    DATABASE_NAME = strcreate (argv[N]);
+    remove_argument (N, argc, argv);
+  } else usage();
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+void usage () {
+  fprintf (stderr, "USAGE: mysql_to_fits [dbinfo] (filename.fits) (query)\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "    mysql database info is supplied with these:\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "    -dbhost : database host machine\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "    -dbuser : database username\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "    -dbpass : database password\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "    -dbname : database name\n\n");
+  fprintf (stderr, "    (query) : full query string, protect with double quotes\n\n");
+  exit (2);
+}
+
+int dump_result (MYSQL *connection) {
+
+  MYSQL_RES *result = mysql_store_result (connection);
+  if (!result) return FALSE;
+  int Nrows = mysql_num_rows(result);
+  int Ncols = mysql_num_fields(result);
+
+  int i, j;
+  for (j = 0; j < Nrows; j++) {
+    MYSQL_ROW row = mysql_fetch_row(result);
+    for (i = 0; i < Ncols; i++) {
+      fprintf (stderr, "%s ", row[i]);
+    }
+    fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+  }
+  mysql_free_result (result);
+  return (TRUE);
+}
+
+// DATABASE_* are supplied on the command line and are global variables in dvopsps.h
+MYSQL *mysql_connect (MYSQL *mysqlBase) {
+
+  char query[256];
+
+  mysql_init (mysqlBase);
+  MYSQL *connection = mysql_real_connect (mysqlBase, DATABASE_HOST, DATABASE_USER, DATABASE_PASS, DATABASE_NAME, 0, 0, 0);
+
+  if (connection == NULL) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "failed to connect to database\n");
+    fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error (mysqlBase));
+    return NULL;
+  }
+    
+  sprintf (query, "set @@interactive_timeout = 30000;");
+  if (mysql_query (connection, query)) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "failed to set interactive timout\n");
+    fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error (connection));
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  dump_result (connection);
+    
+  sprintf (query, "set @@wait_timeout = 30000;");
+  if (mysql_query (connection, query)) {
+    fprintf (stderr, "failed to set wait timout\n");
+    fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error (connection));
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  dump_result (connection);
+    
+  // sprintf (query, "set max_allowed_packet = %d;", 2*MAX_BUFFER);
+  // if (mysql_query (connection, query)) {
+  //   fprintf (stderr, "failed to set max_allowed_packet\n");
+  //   fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error (connection));
+  //   return NULL;
+  // }
+  // dump_result (connection);
+    
+  // sprintf (query, "show variables like 'max_allowed_packet';");
+  // if (mysql_query (connection, query)) {
+  //   fprintf (stderr, "failed to set max_allowed_packet\n");
+  //   fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error (connection));
+  //   return NULL;
+  // }
+  // dump_result (connection);
+    
+  if (0) {
+    sprintf (query, "set autocommit=0;");
+    if (mysql_query (connection, query)) {
+      fprintf (stderr, "failed to turn off autocommit\n");
+      fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error (connection));
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    dump_result (connection);
+  }
+    
+  return connection;
+}
+
+int mysql_commit_buffer (IOBuffer *buffer, MYSQL *mysql) {
+
+  MYSQL_RES *result;
+
+  // check that the last two chars are ,\n and replace with ;\n
+  if (!strcmp(&buffer->buffer[buffer->Nbuffer-2], ",\n")) {
+    buffer->buffer[buffer->Nbuffer-2] = ';';
+  } else {
+    fprintf (stderr, "invalid sql?\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  // XXX check return status
+  if (mysql) {
+    int status;
+    status = mysql_query(mysql, buffer->buffer); 
+    if (status) {
+      fprintf (stderr, "error with insert:\n");
+      fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
+      fprintf (stderr, "Nbuffer: %d\n", buffer->Nbuffer);
+      dump_on_failure (buffer);
+    }
+    result = mysql_store_result (mysql);
+    if (result) mysql_free_result (result);
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+void dump_on_failure (IOBuffer *buffer) {
+
+  if (!DEBUG) return;
+
+  FILE *f = fopen ("dvopsps.dump.sql", "w");
+  fwrite (buffer->buffer, 1, buffer->Nbuffer, f);
+  fclose (f);
+  exit (1);
+}
+
+void replace_dot_with_underscore (char *string) {
+
+  // convert "." in string to "_"
+  char *p = string;
+  while (p && *p) {
+    if (*p == '.') *p = '_';
+    p++;
+  }
+
+  return;
+}
