Index: branches/2dbias/psModules/src/detrend/pmOverscan.c
===================================================================
--- branches/2dbias/psModules/src/detrend/pmOverscan.c	(revision 42664)
+++ branches/2dbias/psModules/src/detrend/pmOverscan.c	(revision 42679)
@@ -17,419 +17,482 @@
 #include "pmOverscan.h"
 
-#define SMOOTH_NSIGMA 4.0               // Number of Gaussian sigma the smoothing kernel extends
+#define SMOOTH_NSIGMA 4.0 // Number of Gaussian sigma the smoothing kernel extends
 
 static void pmOverscanOptionsFree(pmOverscanOptions *options);
 static void pmOverscanStatOptionsFree(pmOverscanStatOptions *options);
-bool pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector (pmReadout *input, pmHDU *hdu, pmOverscanOptions *overscanOpts, psVector *reduced);
-
-bool pmOverscanSubtract (pmReadout *input, pmOverscanOptions *overscanOpts) {
-
-    assert (input);
-
-    if (overscanOpts == NULL) return true; // no overscan subtraction requested
-
-    pmHDU *hdu = pmHDUFromReadout(input);  // HDU of interest
-    psImage *image = input->image;
-
-    // check for 'soft bias' (simple, fixed offset to be subtracted)
-    if (overscanOpts->constant) {
-	// write metadata header value
-	psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan value", overscanOpts->value);
-	psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan stdev", NAN);
-
-	// NOTE psBinaryOp frees arg2 if it is a scalar
-	(void)psBinaryOp(input->image, input->image, "-", psScalarAlloc((float)overscanOpts->value, PS_TYPE_F32));
-
+bool pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector(pmReadout *input, pmHDU *hdu, pmOverscanOptions *overscanOpts, psVector *reduced);
+
+bool pmOverscanSubtract(pmReadout *input, pmOverscanOptions *overscanOpts, bool doTwoDOverscan)
+{
+
+	assert(input);
+
+	if (overscanOpts == NULL)
+		return true; // no overscan subtraction requested
+
+	pmHDU *hdu = pmHDUFromReadout(input); // HDU of interest
+	psImage *image = input->image;
+
+	// check for 'soft bias' (simple, fixed offset to be subtracted)
+	if (overscanOpts->constant)
+	{
+		// write metadata header value
+		psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan value", overscanOpts->value);
+		psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan stdev", NAN);
+
+		// NOTE psBinaryOp frees arg2 if it is a scalar
+		(void)psBinaryOp(input->image, input->image, "-", psScalarAlloc((float)overscanOpts->value, PS_TYPE_F32));
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	// we are performing a statitical analysis of the overscan region
+
+	// Check for an unallowable pmFit.
+	if (overscanOpts->primary)
+	{
+		if (overscanOpts->primary->fitType != PM_FIT_NONE &&
+			overscanOpts->primary->fitType != PM_FIT_POLY_ORD &&
+			overscanOpts->primary->fitType != PM_FIT_POLY_CHEBY &&
+			overscanOpts->primary->fitType != PM_FIT_SPLINE)
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Invalid fit type (%d).  Returning original image.\n",
+					overscanOpts->primary->fitType);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	if (overscanOpts->secondary)
+	{
+		if (overscanOpts->secondary->fitType != PM_FIT_NONE &&
+			overscanOpts->secondary->fitType != PM_FIT_POLY_ORD &&
+			overscanOpts->secondary->fitType != PM_FIT_POLY_CHEBY &&
+			overscanOpts->secondary->fitType != PM_FIT_SPLINE)
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Invalid fit type (2D) (%d).  Returning original image.\n",
+					overscanOpts->secondary->fitType);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	psList *overscans = input->bias; // List of the overscan images
+
+	// Reduce all overscan pixels to a single value
+	if (overscanOpts->single)
+	{
+
+		// extract overscan pixels to a single vector
+		psVector *pixels = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
+		psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
+		psImage *overscan = NULL;													// Overscan image from iterator
+		while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter)))
+		{
+			int index = pixels->n; // Index
+			pixels = psVectorRealloc(pixels, pixels->n + overscan->numRows * overscan->numCols);
+			pixels->n += overscan->numRows * overscan->numCols;
+			for (int i = 0; i < overscan->numRows; i++)
+			{
+				memcpy(&pixels->data.F32[index], overscan->data.F32[i],
+					   overscan->numCols * sizeof(psF32));
+				index += overscan->numCols;
+			}
+		}
+		psFree(iter);
+
+		// statistic to be calculated
+		psStatsOptions statistic = psStatsSingleOption(overscanOpts->primary->stat->options); // Statistic to use
+		if (!statistic)
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_BAD_PARAMETER_VALUE, false, "Multiple or no statistics options set: %p\n",
+					overscanOpts->primary->stat);
+			return false;
+		}
+		psStats *stats = psStatsAlloc(statistic); // A new psStats, to avoid clobbering original
+
+		if (!psVectorStats(stats, pixels, NULL, NULL, 0))
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to measure stats");
+			return false;
+		}
+		psFree(pixels);
+		double reduced = psStatsGetValue(stats, statistic); // Result of statistics
+
+		psString comment = NULL; // Comment to add
+		psStringAppend(&comment, "Overscan value: %f", reduced);
+		psMetadataAddStr(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "HISTORY", PS_META_DUPLICATE_OK, comment, "");
+		psFree(comment);
+
+		// write metadata header value
+		// XXX EAM : this could / should write the stdev of the overscan region
+		psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan value", reduced);
+		psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan stdev", NAN);
+
+		psScalar *reducedScalar = psScalarAlloc(reduced, PS_TYPE_F32);
+		psBinaryOp(image, image, "-", psMemIncrRefCounter(reducedScalar)); // NOTE: psBinaryOp frees arg2 if it a scalar, so we need to bump to re-use
+
+		// subtract the measured value from each overscan region as well
+		iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
+		overscan = NULL;											// Overscan image from iterator
+		while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter)))
+		{
+			psBinaryOp(overscan, overscan, "-", psMemIncrRefCounter(reducedScalar)); // NOTE: psBinaryOp frees arg2 if it a scalar, so we need to bump to re-use
+		}
+		psFree(iter);
+		psFree(reducedScalar);
+
+		// EAM 2022.03.29 : if the calculated overscan value is below the threshold,
+		// declare the readout dead and mask
+
+		if ((reduced < overscanOpts->minValid) || (reduced > overscanOpts->maxValid))
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, "bad overscan (1) %f, masking readout\n", reduced);
+			psImage *mask = input->mask;
+			for (int y = 0; y < mask->numRows; y++)
+			{
+				for (int x = 0; x < mask->numCols; x++)
+				{
+					mask->data.PS_TYPE_IMAGE_MASK_DATA[y][x] |= overscanOpts->maskVal;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		psFree(stats);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool mdok = false;
+
+	// We are performing a row-by-row overscan subtraction
+	int cellreaddir = psMetadataLookupS32(&mdok, input->parent->concepts, "CELL.READDIR"); // Read direction
+	if ((cellreaddir != 1) && (cellreaddir != 2))
+	{
+		psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "CELL.READDIR must be 1 (rows) or 2 (cols)\n");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	float chi2 = NAN; // chi^2 from fit
+
+	// adjust operation depending on the read direction : need to re-org pixels for columns
+	if (!doTwoDOverscan && (cellreaddir == 1))
+	{
+		// The read direction is rows
+		psArray *pixels = psArrayAlloc(image->numRows); // Array of vectors containing pixels
+		for (int i = 0; i < pixels->n; i++)
+		{
+			pixels->data[i] = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
+		}
+
+		// Pull the pixels out into the vectors
+		psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
+		psImage *overscan = NULL;													// Overscan image from iterator
+		while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter)))
+		{
+			// the overscan and image might not be aligned.  pixels->data represents
+			// the image row pixels.
+			int diff = overscan->row0 - image->row0; // Offset between the two regions
+			for (int i = PS_MAX(0, diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numRows, overscan->numRows + diff); i++)
+			{
+				int j = i - diff;
+				// i is row on image
+				// j is row on overscan
+				psVector *values = pixels->data[i];
+				int index = values->n; // Index in the vector
+				values = psVectorRealloc(values, values->n + overscan->numCols);
+				values->n += overscan->numCols;
+				// XXX double-check the range of values->n here
+				memcpy(&values->data.F32[index], overscan->data.F32[j],
+					   overscan->numCols * PSELEMTYPE_SIZEOF(PS_TYPE_F32));
+				index += overscan->numCols;
+				pixels->data[i] = values; // Update the pointer in case it's moved
+			}
+		}
+		psFree(iter);
+
+		// Reduce the overscans
+		psVector *reduced = pmOverscanVector(&chi2, overscanOpts->primary, pixels);
+		psFree(pixels);
+		if (!reduced)
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Unable to generate overscan vector.\n");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (!pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector(input, hdu, overscanOpts, reduced))
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to update header");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Subtract row by row
+		for (int i = 0; i < image->numRows; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j = 0; j < image->numCols; j++)
+			{
+				image->data.F32[i][j] -= reduced->data.F32[i];
+			}
+		}
+
+		// subtract from the overscan regions
+		{
+			psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
+			psImage *overscan = NULL;													// Overscan image from iterator
+			while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter)))
+			{
+				// the overscan and image might not be aligned.
+				int diff = overscan->row0 - image->row0; // Offset between the two regions
+				for (int i = PS_MAX(0, diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numRows, overscan->numRows + diff); i++)
+				{
+					int j = i - diff;
+					// i is row on image
+					// j is row on overscan
+					for (int k = 0; k < overscan->numCols; k++)
+					{
+						overscan->data.F32[j][k] -= reduced->data.F32[j];
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			psFree(iter);
+		}
+		psFree(reduced);
+	}
+
+	if (!doTwoDOverscan && (cellreaddir == 2))
+	{
+		// The read direction is columns
+		psArray *pixels = psArrayAlloc(image->numCols); // Array of vectors containing pixels
+		for (int i = 0; i < pixels->n; i++)
+		{
+			psVector *values = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
+			pixels->data[i] = values;
+		}
+
+		// Pull the pixels out into the vectors
+		psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
+		psImage *overscan = NULL;													// Overscan image from iterator
+		while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter)))
+		{
+			// the overscan and image might not be aligned.  pixels->data represents
+			// the image row pixels.
+			int diff = overscan->col0 - image->col0; // Offset between the two regions
+			for (int i = PS_MAX(0, diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numCols, overscan->numCols + diff); i++)
+			{
+				int iFixed = i - diff;
+				// i is column on image
+				// iFixed is column on overscan
+				psVector *values = pixels->data[i];
+				int index = values->n; // Index in the vector
+				values = psVectorRealloc(values, values->n + overscan->numRows);
+				for (int j = 0; j < overscan->numRows; j++)
+				{
+					values->data.F32[index++] = overscan->data.F32[j][iFixed];
+				}
+				values->n += overscan->numRows;
+				pixels->data[i] = values; // Update the pointer in case it's moved
+			}
+		}
+		psFree(iter);
+
+		// Reduce the overscans
+		psVector *reduced = pmOverscanVector(&chi2, overscanOpts->primary, pixels);
+		psFree(pixels);
+		if (!reduced)
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Unable to generate overscan vector.\n");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (!pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector(input, hdu, overscanOpts, reduced))
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to update header");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Subtract column by column
+		for (int j = 0; j < image->numRows; j++)
+		{
+			for (int i = 0; i < image->numCols; i++)
+			{
+				image->data.F32[j][i] -= reduced->data.F32[i];
+			}
+		}
+
+		// subtract from the overscan regions
+		{
+			psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
+			psImage *overscan = NULL;													// Overscan image from iterator
+			while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter)))
+			{
+				// the overscan and image might not be aligned.
+				int diff = overscan->col0 - image->col0; // Offset between the two regions
+				for (int i = PS_MAX(0, diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numCols, overscan->numCols + diff); i++)
+				{
+					int j = i - diff;
+					// i is col on image
+					// j is col on overscan
+					for (int k = 0; i < overscan->numRows; k++)
+					{
+						overscan->data.F32[k][j] -= reduced->data.F32[j];
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			psFree(iter);
+		}
+
+		psFree(reduced);
+	}
+
+	// 2D bias subtraction with x-dir readout direction: the
+	// bias is constructed by combining a 1D pattern in the
+	// readout direction from the top overscan region and a second
+	// 1D pattern in the cross direction from the overscan
+	if (doTwoDOverscan && (cellreaddir == 1))
+	{
+		psAssert(overscanOpts->secondary, "2D overscan subtraction requires OVERSCAN.2D parameters");
+		// we require 2 overscan regions, and they must match these directions:
+		if (overscans->n != 2)
+		{
+			psLogMsg(__func__, PS_LOG_ERROR, "OVERSCAN.2D requires 2 overscan regions but %d supplied", (int)overscans->n);
+			psLogMsg(__func__, PS_LOG_ERROR, "e.g.: CELL.BIASSEC STR [591:624,1:608],[1:624,599:608]");
+			psError(PS_ERR_BAD_PARAMETER_VALUE, false, "Unable to generate overscan vector.\n");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// the serial (fast readout) direction is columns (x-dir)
+		psImage *yscan = psListGet(overscans, 0); // overscan region spanning all rows
+		psImage *xscan = psListGet(overscans, 1); // overscan region spanning all columns
+
+		// Extract the y-dir overscan vector.  The overscan and image might not be aligned:
+		// diff represents the offset between the rows in the image data and the overscan.
+		// pixels->data represents the image row pixels. For example, the image region may be
+		// inset in the y-direction but the overscan could cover the entire y-range
+
+		// The read direction is rows
+		psArray *yscanPixels = psArrayAlloc(yscan->numRows); // Array of vectors containing pixels
+		for (int i = 0; i < yscanPixels->n; i++)
+		{
+			yscanPixels->data[i] = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
+		}
+
+		// XXX this code allows multiple yscans to be appended, but this does not
+		// match the concept of how they are assigned above: biassec[0] = yscan
+		// int yDiff = yscan->row0 - image->row0; // Offset between the two regions
+		for (int i = 0; i < yscanPixels->n; i++)
+		{
+			psVector *values = yscanPixels->data[i];
+			int index = values->n; // Index in the vector
+			values = psVectorRealloc(values, values->n + yscan->numCols);
+			values->n += yscan->numCols;
+			// XXX double-check the range of values->n here
+			memcpy(&values->data.F32[index], yscan->data.F32[i],
+				   yscan->numCols * PSELEMTYPE_SIZEOF(PS_TYPE_F32));
+			yscanPixels->data[i] = values; // Update the pointer in case it's moved
+		}
+
+		// Extract the x-dir overscan vector.  The overscan and image might not be aligned:
+		// diff represents the offset between the rows in the image data and the overscan.
+		// pixels->data represents the image row pixels. For example, the image region may be
+		// inset in the x-direction but the overscan could cover the entire y-range
+
+		// Extract the top region as a vector of the columns
+		psArray *xscanPixels = psArrayAlloc(xscan->numCols); // Array of vectors containing pixels
+		for (int i = 0; i < xscanPixels->n; i++)
+		{
+			xscanPixels->data[i] = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
+		}
+
+		// int xDiff = xscan->col0 - image->col0; // Offset between the two regions
+		for (int ix = 0; ix < xscanPixels->n; ix++)
+		{
+			psVector *values = xscanPixels->data[ix];
+			values = psVectorRealloc(values, xscan->numRows);
+			values->n = xscan->numRows;
+			for (int iy = 0; iy < xscan->numRows; iy++)
+			{
+				values->data.F32[iy] = xscan->data.F32[iy][ix];
+			}
+			xscanPixels->data[ix] = values; // Update the pointer in case it's moved
+		}
+
+		// Reduce the overscans
+		// XXX need to save 2 different chi-square values
+		psVector *yReduced = pmOverscanVector(&chi2, overscanOpts->primary, yscanPixels);
+		psFree(yscanPixels);
+		if (!yReduced)
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Unable to generate y-dir overscan vector.\n");
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (!pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector(input, hdu, overscanOpts, yReduced))
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to update header");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Reduce the overscans
+		// XXX need to save 2 different chi-square values
+		psVector *xReduced = pmOverscanVector(&chi2, overscanOpts->secondary, xscanPixels);
+		psFree(xscanPixels);
+		if (!xReduced)
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Unable to generate x-dir overscan vector.\n");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// subtract the 2D bias from the image
+		if (yscan->col0 >= xscan->col0 && yscan->col0 + yscan->numCols <= xscan->col0 + xscan->numCols)
+		{
+			// define where to normalize the xReduced vector
+			int j0 = yscan->col0 - xscan->col0 + (int)(yscan->numCols / 2) - 1;
+			// XXX apply the 2D bias correction here
+			int yDiff = yscan->row0 - image->row0; // y offset between the science and the yoverscan region
+			int xDiff = xscan->col0 - image->col0; // x offset between the science and the xoverscan region
+			for (int i = 0; i < image->numRows; i++)
+			{
+				for (int j = 0; j < image->numCols; j++)
+				{
+					int iy = i + yDiff;
+					int jx = j + xDiff;
+					image->data.F32[i][j] -= yReduced->data.F32[iy] - xReduced->data.F32[j0] + xReduced->data.F32[jx];
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "x dimension of yscan is not fully contained by xscan\n");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// subtract the y-dir vector from the y-dir overscan regions (why?)
+		{
+			// the overscan and image might not be aligned.
+			// int diff = yscan->row0 - image->row0; // Offset between the two regions
+			for (int i = 0; i < yscan->numRows; i++)
+			{
+				for (int j = 0; j < yscan->numCols; j++)
+				{
+					yscan->data.F32[i][j] -= yReduced->data.F32[i];
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// subtract the x-dir vector from the x-dir overscan regions (why?)
+		{
+			// the overscan and image might not be aligned.
+			// int diff = xscan->col0 - image->col0; // Offset between the two regions
+			for (int i = 0; i < xscan->numCols; i++)
+			{
+				// int j = i - diff;
+				// i is column on image (aligned with xReduced)
+				// j is column on xscan
+				for (int j = 0; j < xscan->numRows; j++)
+				{
+					xscan->data.F32[j][i] -= xReduced->data.F32[i];
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		psFree(xReduced);
+		psFree(yReduced);
+	}
+	// pmOverscanUpdateHeader (hdu, overscanOpts, chi2);
 	return true;
-    }
-
-    // we are performing a statitical analysis of the overscan region
-
-    // Check for an unallowable pmFit.
-    if (overscanOpts->primary) {
-	if (overscanOpts->primary->fitType != PM_FIT_NONE &&
-	    overscanOpts->primary->fitType != PM_FIT_POLY_ORD &&
-	    overscanOpts->primary->fitType != PM_FIT_POLY_CHEBY &&
-	    overscanOpts->primary->fitType != PM_FIT_SPLINE) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Invalid fit type (%d).  Returning original image.\n",
-		    overscanOpts->primary->fitType);
-	    return false;
-	}
-    }
-    if (overscanOpts->secondary) {
-	if (overscanOpts->secondary->fitType != PM_FIT_NONE &&
-	    overscanOpts->secondary->fitType != PM_FIT_POLY_ORD &&
-	    overscanOpts->secondary->fitType != PM_FIT_POLY_CHEBY &&
-	    overscanOpts->secondary->fitType != PM_FIT_SPLINE) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Invalid fit type (2D) (%d).  Returning original image.\n",
-		    overscanOpts->secondary->fitType);
-	    return false;
-	}
-    }
-
-    psList *overscans = input->bias; // List of the overscan images
-
-    // Reduce all overscan pixels to a single value
-    if (overscanOpts->single) {
-
-	// extract overscan pixels to a single vector
-	psVector *pixels = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
-	psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
-	psImage *overscan = NULL;   // Overscan image from iterator
-	while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter))) {
-	    int index = pixels->n;  // Index
-	    pixels = psVectorRealloc(pixels, pixels->n + overscan->numRows * overscan->numCols);
-	    pixels->n += overscan->numRows * overscan->numCols;
-	    for (int i = 0; i < overscan->numRows; i++) {
-		memcpy(&pixels->data.F32[index], overscan->data.F32[i],
-		       overscan->numCols * sizeof(psF32));
-		index += overscan->numCols;
-	    }
-	}
-	psFree(iter);
-
-	// statistic to be calculated
-	psStatsOptions statistic = psStatsSingleOption(overscanOpts->primary->stat->options); // Statistic to use
-	if (!statistic) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_BAD_PARAMETER_VALUE, false, "Multiple or no statistics options set: %p\n",
-		    overscanOpts->primary->stat);
-	    return false;
-	}
-	psStats *stats = psStatsAlloc(statistic); // A new psStats, to avoid clobbering original
-
-	if (!psVectorStats(stats, pixels, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to measure stats");
-	    return false;
-	}
-	psFree(pixels);
-	double reduced = psStatsGetValue(stats, statistic); // Result of statistics
-
-	psString comment = NULL;    // Comment to add
-	psStringAppend(&comment, "Overscan value: %f", reduced);
-	psMetadataAddStr(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "HISTORY", PS_META_DUPLICATE_OK, comment, "");
-	psFree(comment);
-
-	// write metadata header value
-	// XXX EAM : this could / should write the stdev of the overscan region
-	psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan value", reduced);
-	psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan stdev", NAN);
-
-	psScalar *reducedScalar = psScalarAlloc(reduced, PS_TYPE_F32);
-	psBinaryOp (image, image, "-", psMemIncrRefCounter(reducedScalar)); // NOTE: psBinaryOp frees arg2 if it a scalar, so we need to bump to re-use
-
-	// subtract the measured value from each overscan region as well
-	iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
-	overscan = NULL;   // Overscan image from iterator
-	while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter))) {
-	    psBinaryOp(overscan, overscan, "-", psMemIncrRefCounter(reducedScalar)); // NOTE: psBinaryOp frees arg2 if it a scalar, so we need to bump to re-use
-	}
-	psFree(iter);
-	psFree(reducedScalar);
-
-	// EAM 2022.03.29 : if the calculated overscan value is below the threshold,
-	// declare the readout dead and mask
-
-	if ((reduced < overscanOpts->minValid) || (reduced > overscanOpts->maxValid)) {
-	    fprintf (stderr, "bad overscan (1) %f, masking readout\n", reduced);
-	    psImage *mask = input->mask;
-	    for (int y = 0; y < mask->numRows; y++) {
-		for (int x = 0; x < mask->numCols; x++) {
-		    mask->data.PS_TYPE_IMAGE_MASK_DATA[y][x] |= overscanOpts->maskVal;
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-
-	psFree(stats);
-	return true;
-    } 
-
-    bool mdok = false;
-
-    // We are performing a row-by-row overscan subtraction
-    int cellreaddir = psMetadataLookupS32(&mdok, input->parent->concepts, "CELL.READDIR"); // Read direction
-    if ((cellreaddir != 1) && (cellreaddir != 2)) {
-	psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "CELL.READDIR must be 1 (rows) or 2 (cols)\n");
-	return false;
-    }
-
-    float chi2 = NAN;           // chi^2 from fit
-
-    // adjust operation depending on the read direction : need to re-org pixels for columns
-    if (!overscanOpts->TwoD && (cellreaddir == 1)) {
-	// The read direction is rows
-	psArray *pixels = psArrayAlloc(image->numRows); // Array of vectors containing pixels
-	for (int i = 0; i < pixels->n; i++) {
-	    pixels->data[i] = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
-	}
-
-	// Pull the pixels out into the vectors
-	psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
-	psImage *overscan = NULL; // Overscan image from iterator
-	while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter))) {
-	    // the overscan and image might not be aligned.  pixels->data represents
-	    // the image row pixels.
-	    int diff = overscan->row0 - image->row0; // Offset between the two regions
-	    for (int i = PS_MAX(0,diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numRows, overscan->numRows + diff); i++) {
-		int j = i - diff;
-		// i is row on image
-		// j is row on overscan
-		psVector *values = pixels->data[i];
-		int index = values->n; // Index in the vector
-		values = psVectorRealloc(values, values->n + overscan->numCols);
-		values->n += overscan->numCols;
-		// XXX double-check the range of values->n here
-		memcpy(&values->data.F32[index], overscan->data.F32[j],
-		       overscan->numCols * PSELEMTYPE_SIZEOF(PS_TYPE_F32));
-		index += overscan->numCols;
-		pixels->data[i] = values; // Update the pointer in case it's moved
-	    }
-	}
-	psFree(iter);
-
-	// Reduce the overscans
-	psVector *reduced = pmOverscanVector(&chi2, overscanOpts->primary, pixels);
-	psFree(pixels);
-	if (! reduced) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Unable to generate overscan vector.\n");
-	    return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector (input, hdu, overscanOpts, reduced)) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to update header");
-	    return false;
-	}
-
-	// Subtract row by row
-	for (int i = 0; i < image->numRows; i++) {
-	    for (int j = 0; j < image->numCols; j++) {
-		image->data.F32[i][j] -= reduced->data.F32[i];
-	    }
-	}
-
-	// subtract from the overscan regions
-	{
-	    psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
-	    psImage *overscan = NULL; // Overscan image from iterator
-	    while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter))) {
-		// the overscan and image might not be aligned.
-		int diff = overscan->row0 - image->row0; // Offset between the two regions
-		for (int i = PS_MAX(0,diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numRows, overscan->numRows + diff); i++) {
-		    int j = i - diff;
-		    // i is row on image
-		    // j is row on overscan
-		    for (int k = 0; k < overscan->numCols; k++) {
-			overscan->data.F32[j][k] -= reduced->data.F32[j];
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-	    psFree(iter);
-	}
-	psFree(reduced);
-    } 
-
-    if (!overscanOpts->TwoD && (cellreaddir == 2)) {
-	// The read direction is columns
-	psArray *pixels = psArrayAlloc(image->numCols); // Array of vectors containing pixels
-	for (int i = 0; i < pixels->n; i++) {
-	    psVector *values = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
-	    pixels->data[i] = values;
-	}
-
-	// Pull the pixels out into the vectors
-	psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
-	psImage *overscan = NULL; // Overscan image from iterator
-	while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter))) {
-	    // the overscan and image might not be aligned.  pixels->data represents
-	    // the image row pixels.
-	    int diff = overscan->col0 - image->col0; // Offset between the two regions
-	    for (int i = PS_MAX(0,diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numCols, overscan->numCols + diff); i++) {
-		int iFixed = i - diff;
-		// i is column on image
-		// iFixed is column on overscan
-		psVector *values = pixels->data[i];
-		int index = values->n; // Index in the vector
-		values = psVectorRealloc(values, values->n + overscan->numRows);
-		for (int j = 0; j < overscan->numRows; j++) {
-		    values->data.F32[index++] = overscan->data.F32[j][iFixed];
-		}
-		values->n += overscan->numRows;
-		pixels->data[i] = values; // Update the pointer in case it's moved
-	    }
-	}
-	psFree(iter);
-
-	// Reduce the overscans
-	psVector *reduced = pmOverscanVector(&chi2, overscanOpts->primary, pixels);
-	psFree(pixels);
-	if (! reduced) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Unable to generate overscan vector.\n");
-	    return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector (input, hdu, overscanOpts, reduced)) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to update header");
-	    return false;
-	}
-
-	// Subtract column by column 
-	for (int j = 0; j < image->numRows; j++) {
-	    for (int i = 0; i < image->numCols; i++) {
-		image->data.F32[j][i] -= reduced->data.F32[i];
-	    }
-	}
-
-	// subtract from the overscan regions
-	{
-	    psListIterator *iter = psListIteratorAlloc(overscans, PS_LIST_HEAD, false); // Iterator
-	    psImage *overscan = NULL; // Overscan image from iterator
-	    while ((overscan = psListGetAndIncrement(iter))) {
-		// the overscan and image might not be aligned.
-		int diff = overscan->col0 - image->col0; // Offset between the two regions
-		for (int i = PS_MAX(0,diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numCols, overscan->numCols + diff); i++) {
-		    int j = i - diff;
-		    // i is col on image
-		    // j is col on overscan
-		    for (int k = 0; i < overscan->numRows; k++) {
-			overscan->data.F32[k][j] -= reduced->data.F32[j];
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-	    psFree(iter);
-	}
-
-	psFree(reduced);
-    }
-
-    // 2D bias subtraction with x-dir readout direction: the
-    // bias is constructed by combining a 1D pattern in the
-    // readout direction from the top overscan region and a second
-    // 1D pattern in the cross direction from the overscan
-    if (overscanOpts->TwoD && (cellreaddir == 1)) {
-	psAssert (overscanOpts->secondary, "2D overscan subtraction requires OVERSCAN.2D parameters");
-	// we require 2 overscan regions, and they must match these directions:
-	if (overscans->n != 2) {
-	    psLogMsg (__func__, PS_LOG_ERROR, "OVERSCAN.2D requires 2 overscan regions but %d supplied", (int) overscans->n);
-	    psLogMsg (__func__, PS_LOG_ERROR, "e.g.: CELL.BIASSEC STR [591:624,1:608],[1:590,598:608]");
-	    psError(PS_ERR_BAD_PARAMETER_VALUE, false, "Unable to generate overscan vector.\n");
-	    return false;
-	}
-
-	// the serial (fast readout) direction is columns (x-dir)
-	psImage *yscan = psListGet (overscans, 0); // overscan region spanning all rows
-	psImage *xscan = psListGet (overscans, 1); // overscan region spanning all columns
-
-	// Extract the y-dir overscan vector.  The overscan and image might not be aligned:
-	// diff represents the offset between the rows in the image data and the overscan.
-	// pixels->data represents the image row pixels. For example, the image region may be
-	// inset in the y-direction but the overscan could cover the entire y-range
-
-	// The read direction is rows
-	psArray *yscanPixels = psArrayAlloc(image->numRows); // Array of vectors containing pixels
-	for (int i = 0; i < yscanPixels->n; i++) {
-	    yscanPixels->data[i] = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
-	}
-
-	// XXX this code allows multiple yscans to be appended, but this does not
-	// match the concept of how they are assigned above: biassec[0] = yscan
-	int yDiff = yscan->row0 - image->row0; // Offset between the two regions
-	for (int i = PS_MAX(0,yDiff); i < PS_MIN(image->numRows, yscan->numRows + yDiff); i++) {
-	    int j = i - yDiff;
-	    // i is row on image, j is row on yscan
-	    psVector *values = yscanPixels->data[i];
-	    int index = values->n; // Index in the vector
-	    values = psVectorRealloc(values, values->n + yscan->numCols);
-	    values->n += yscan->numCols;
-	    // XXX double-check the range of values->n here
-	    memcpy(&values->data.F32[index], yscan->data.F32[j],
-		   yscan->numCols * PSELEMTYPE_SIZEOF(PS_TYPE_F32));
-	    index += yscan->numCols;
-	    yscanPixels->data[i] = values; // Update the pointer in case it's moved
-	}
-
-	// Extract the x-dir overscan vector.  The overscan and image might not be aligned:
-	// diff represents the offset between the rows in the image data and the overscan.
-	// pixels->data represents the image row pixels. For example, the image region may be
-	// inset in the x-direction but the overscan could cover the entire y-range
-
-	// Extract the top region as a vector of the columns
-	psArray *xscanPixels = psArrayAlloc(image->numCols); // Array of vectors containing pixels
-	for (int i = 0; i < xscanPixels->n; i++) {
-	    xscanPixels->data[i] = psVectorAlloc(0, PS_TYPE_F32);
-	}
-
-	int xDiff = xscan->col0 - image->col0; // Offset between the two regions
-	for (int ix = PS_MAX(0,xDiff); ix < PS_MIN(image->numCols, xscan->numCols + xDiff); ix++) {
-	    int jx = ix - xDiff;
-	    // ix is row on image, jx is column on xscan
-	    psVector *values = xscanPixels->data[ix];
-	    values = psVectorRealloc(values, xscan->numRows);
-	    values->n = xscan->numRows;
-	    for (int iy = 0; iy < xscan->numRows; iy++) {
-		values->data.F32[iy] = xscan->data.F32[iy][jx];
-	    }
-	    xscanPixels->data[ix] = values; // Update the pointer in case it's moved
-	}
-
-	// Reduce the overscans
-	// XXX need to save 2 different chi-square values
-	psVector *yReduced = pmOverscanVector(&chi2, overscanOpts->primary, yscanPixels);
-	psFree(yscanPixels);
-	if (!yReduced) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Unable to generate y-dir overscan vector.\n");
-	    return false;
-	}
-	if (!pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector (input, hdu, overscanOpts, yReduced)) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to update header");
-	    return false;
-	}
-
-	// Reduce the overscans
-	// XXX need to save 2 different chi-square values
-	psVector *xReduced = pmOverscanVector(&chi2, overscanOpts->secondary, xscanPixels);
-	psFree(xscanPixels);
-	if (!xReduced) {
-	    psError(PS_ERR_UNEXPECTED_NULL, false, "Unable to generate x-dir overscan vector.\n");
-	    return false;
-	}
-
-	// XXX apply the 2D bias correction here
-	for (int i = 0; i < image->numRows; i++) {
-	    for (int j = 0; j < image->numCols; j++) {
-		image->data.F32[i][j] -= yReduced->data.F32[i];
-	    }
-	}
-
-	// subtract the y-dir vector from the y-dir overscan regions (why?)
-	{
-	    // the overscan and image might not be aligned.
-	    int diff = yscan->row0 - image->row0; // Offset between the two regions
-	    for (int i = PS_MAX(0,diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numRows, yscan->numRows + diff); i++) {
-		int j = i - diff;
-		// i is row on image (aligned with yReduced)
-		// j is row on yscan
-		for (int k = 0; k < yscan->numCols; k++) {
-		    yscan->data.F32[j][k] -= yReduced->data.F32[i];
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-
-	// subtract the x-dir vector from the x-dir overscan regions (why?)
-	{
-	    // the overscan and image might not be aligned.
-	    int diff = xscan->col0 - image->col0; // Offset between the two regions
-	    for (int i = PS_MAX(0,diff); i < PS_MIN(image->numCols, xscan->numCols + diff); i++) {
-		int j = i - diff;
-		// i is column on image (aligned with xReduced)
-		// j is column on xscan
-		for (int k = 0; k < xscan->numRows; k++) {
-		    xscan->data.F32[k][j] -= xReduced->data.F32[i];
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-	psFree(xReduced);
-	psFree(yReduced);
-    } 
-    // pmOverscanUpdateHeader (hdu, overscanOpts, chi2);
-    return true;
 
 } // End of overscan subtraction
@@ -437,13 +500,13 @@
 static void pmOverscanOptionsFree(pmOverscanOptions *options)
 {
-    psFree(options->primary);
-    psFree(options->secondary);
+	psFree(options->primary);
+	psFree(options->secondary);
 }
 
 static void pmOverscanStatOptionsFree(pmOverscanStatOptions *options)
 {
-    psFree(options->stat);
-    psFree(options->poly);
-    psFree(options->spline);
+	psFree(options->stat);
+	psFree(options->poly);
+	psFree(options->spline);
 }
 
@@ -451,21 +514,21 @@
 pmOverscanStatOptions *pmOverscanStatOptionsAlloc(void)
 {
-    pmOverscanStatOptions *opts = psAlloc(sizeof(pmOverscanStatOptions));
-    psMemSetDeallocator(opts, (psFreeFunc)pmOverscanStatOptionsFree);
-
-    // Inputs
-    opts->fitType = PM_FIT_NONE;
-    opts->order   = 0;
-    opts->stat    = NULL;
-
-    // Smoothing
-    opts->boxcar = 0;
-    opts->gauss  = 0.0;
-
-    // Outputs
-    opts->poly = NULL;
-    opts->spline = NULL;
-
-    return opts;
+	pmOverscanStatOptions *opts = psAlloc(sizeof(pmOverscanStatOptions));
+	psMemSetDeallocator(opts, (psFreeFunc)pmOverscanStatOptionsFree);
+
+	// Inputs
+	opts->fitType = PM_FIT_NONE;
+	opts->order = 0;
+	opts->stat = NULL;
+
+	// Smoothing
+	opts->boxcar = 0;
+	opts->gauss = 0.0;
+
+	// Outputs
+	opts->poly = NULL;
+	opts->spline = NULL;
+
+	return opts;
 }
 
@@ -473,147 +536,166 @@
 pmOverscanOptions *pmOverscanOptionsAlloc(void)
 {
-    pmOverscanOptions *opts = psAlloc(sizeof(pmOverscanOptions));
-    psMemSetDeallocator(opts, (psFreeFunc)pmOverscanOptionsFree);
-
-    // Inputs
-    opts->single   = false;
-    opts->constant = false;
-    opts->TwoD     = false;
-
-    opts->value    = 0.0;
-
-    opts->minValid = 0.0; // default value if not defined
-    opts->maxValid = (float) 0x10000; // default value if not defined
-    opts->maskVal  = 0x0001; // default value if not defined
-
-    // stat options
-    opts->primary = NULL;
-    opts->secondary = NULL;
-
-    return opts;
+	pmOverscanOptions *opts = psAlloc(sizeof(pmOverscanOptions));
+	psMemSetDeallocator(opts, (psFreeFunc)pmOverscanOptionsFree);
+
+	// Inputs
+	opts->single = false;
+	opts->constant = false;
+	opts->TwoD = false;
+
+	opts->value = 0.0;
+
+	opts->minValid = 0.0;			 // default value if not defined
+	opts->maxValid = (float)0x10000; // default value if not defined
+	opts->maskVal = 0x0001;			 // default value if not defined
+
+	// stat options
+	opts->primary = NULL;
+	opts->secondary = NULL;
+
+	return opts;
 }
 
 // Produce an overscan vector from an array of pixels
-psVector *pmOverscanVector(float *chi2, // chi^2 from fit
-			   pmOverscanStatOptions *overscanOpts, // Overscan statistic options
-			   const psArray *pixels // Array of vectors containing the pixel values
-    )
+psVector *pmOverscanVector(float *chi2,							// chi^2 from fit
+						   pmOverscanStatOptions *overscanOpts, // Overscan statistic options
+						   const psArray *pixels				// Array of vectors containing the pixel values
+)
 {
-    assert(overscanOpts);
-    assert(pixels);
-    
-    // statisctic to be calculated
-    psStatsOptions statistic = psStatsSingleOption(overscanOpts->stat->options); // Statistic to use
-    if (!statistic) {
-	psError(PS_ERR_BAD_PARAMETER_VALUE, false, "Multiple or no statistics options set: %p\n", overscanOpts->stat);
-	return false;
-    }
-    psStats *stats = psStatsAlloc(statistic); // A new psStats, to avoid clobbering original
-
-    // Reduce the overscans
-    psVector *reduced = psVectorAlloc(pixels->n, PS_TYPE_F32); // Overscan for each row
-    psVector *ordinate = psVectorAlloc(pixels->n, PS_TYPE_F32); // Ordinate
-    psVector *mask = psVectorAlloc(pixels->n, PS_TYPE_VECTOR_MASK); // Mask for fitting
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < pixels->n; i++) {
-        psVector *values = pixels->data[i]; // Vector with overscan values
-        if (values->n > 0) {
-            mask->data.PS_TYPE_VECTOR_MASK_DATA[i] = 0;
-            ordinate->data.F32[i] = 2.0*(float)i/(float)pixels->n - 1.0; // Scale to [-1,1]
-            if (!psVectorStats(stats, values, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
-		psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to measure stats");
+	assert(overscanOpts);
+	assert(pixels);
+
+	// statisctic to be calculated
+	psStatsOptions statistic = psStatsSingleOption(overscanOpts->stat->options); // Statistic to use
+	if (!statistic)
+	{
+		psError(PS_ERR_BAD_PARAMETER_VALUE, false, "Multiple or no statistics options set: %p\n", overscanOpts->stat);
+		return false;
+	}
+	psStats *stats = psStatsAlloc(statistic); // A new psStats, to avoid clobbering original
+
+	// Reduce the overscans
+	psVector *reduced = psVectorAlloc(pixels->n, PS_TYPE_F32);		// Overscan for each row
+	psVector *ordinate = psVectorAlloc(pixels->n, PS_TYPE_F32);		// Ordinate
+	psVector *mask = psVectorAlloc(pixels->n, PS_TYPE_VECTOR_MASK); // Mask for fitting
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < pixels->n; i++)
+	{
+		psVector *values = pixels->data[i]; // Vector with overscan values
+		if (values->n > 0)
+		{
+			mask->data.PS_TYPE_VECTOR_MASK_DATA[i] = 0;
+			ordinate->data.F32[i] = 2.0 * (float)i / (float)pixels->n - 1.0; // Scale to [-1,1]
+			if (!psVectorStats(stats, values, NULL, NULL, 0))
+			{
+				psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to measure stats");
+				goto escape;
+			}
+			reduced->data.F32[i] = psStatsGetValue(stats, statistic);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (overscanOpts->fitType == PM_FIT_NONE)
+			{
+				psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "The overscan is not supplied for all points on the image, and no fit is requested.\n");
+				goto escape;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				// We'll fit this one out
+				mask->data.PS_TYPE_VECTOR_MASK_DATA[i] = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Smooth the reduced vector
+	if (overscanOpts->boxcar > 0)
+	{
+		psVector *smoothed = psVectorBoxcar(NULL, reduced, overscanOpts->boxcar); // Smoothed vector
+		psFree(reduced);
+		reduced = smoothed;
+	}
+	if (isfinite(overscanOpts->gauss) && overscanOpts->gauss > 0)
+	{
+		if (overscanOpts->boxcar > 0)
+		{
+			psWarning("Gaussian smoothing the boxcar smoothed overscan --- you asked for it.");
+		}
+		psVector *smoothed = psVectorSmooth(NULL, reduced, overscanOpts->gauss, SMOOTH_NSIGMA);
+		psFree(reduced);
+		reduced = smoothed;
+	}
+
+	// Fit the overscan, if required
+	psVector *fitted = NULL; // Fitted overscan values
+	switch (overscanOpts->fitType)
+	{
+	case PM_FIT_NONE:
+		// No fitting --- that's easy.
+		fitted = psMemIncrRefCounter(reduced);
+		break;
+	case PM_FIT_POLY_ORD:
+		if (overscanOpts->poly && (overscanOpts->poly->nX != overscanOpts->order ||
+								   overscanOpts->poly->type != PS_POLYNOMIAL_ORD))
+		{
+			psFree(overscanOpts->poly);
+			overscanOpts->poly = NULL;
+		}
+		if (!overscanOpts->poly)
+		{
+			overscanOpts->poly = psPolynomial1DAlloc(PS_POLYNOMIAL_ORD, overscanOpts->order);
+		}
+		psVectorFitPolynomial1D(overscanOpts->poly, mask, 1, reduced, NULL, ordinate);
+		fitted = psPolynomial1DEvalVector(overscanOpts->poly, ordinate);
+		break;
+	case PM_FIT_POLY_CHEBY:
+		if (overscanOpts->poly && (overscanOpts->poly->nX != overscanOpts->order ||
+								   overscanOpts->poly->type != PS_POLYNOMIAL_CHEB))
+		{
+			psFree(overscanOpts->poly);
+			overscanOpts->poly = NULL;
+		}
+		if (!overscanOpts->poly)
+		{
+			overscanOpts->poly = psPolynomial1DAlloc(PS_POLYNOMIAL_CHEB, overscanOpts->order);
+		}
+		psVectorFitPolynomial1D(overscanOpts->poly, mask, 1, reduced, NULL, ordinate);
+		fitted = psPolynomial1DEvalVector(overscanOpts->poly, ordinate);
+		break;
+	case PM_FIT_SPLINE:
+
+		// XXX I don't think psSpline1D is up to scratch yet --- it has no mask, and it assumes
+		// a knot for every input point.  it needs an argument like 'number of knots' for the
+		// output spline.  EAM: still true 2023.01.22
+
+		// overscanOpts->spline = psVectorFitSpline1D(reduced, ordinate);
+		// fitted = psSpline1DEvalVector(overscanOpts->spline, ordinate);
+		psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Spline overscan fitting is broken\n");
+		break;
+	default:
+		psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Unknown value for the fitting type: %d\n", overscanOpts->fitType);
 		goto escape;
-	    }
-            reduced->data.F32[i] = psStatsGetValue(stats, statistic);
-        } else {
-	    if (overscanOpts->fitType == PM_FIT_NONE) {
-		psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "The overscan is not supplied for all points on the image, and no fit is requested.\n");
-		goto escape;
-	    } else {
-		// We'll fit this one out
-		mask->data.PS_TYPE_VECTOR_MASK_DATA[i] = 1;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    // Smooth the reduced vector
-    if (overscanOpts->boxcar > 0) {
-	psVector *smoothed = psVectorBoxcar(NULL, reduced, overscanOpts->boxcar); // Smoothed vector
+	}
+
+	if (chi2)
+	{
+		*chi2 = 0.0; // chi^2 (sort of)
+		for (int i = 0; i < reduced->n; i++)
+		{
+			*chi2 += PS_SQR(fitted->data.F32[i] - reduced->data.F32[i]);
+		}
+	}
+
 	psFree(reduced);
-	reduced = smoothed;
-    }
-    if (isfinite(overscanOpts->gauss) && overscanOpts->gauss > 0) {
-	if (overscanOpts->boxcar > 0) {
-	    psWarning("Gaussian smoothing the boxcar smoothed overscan --- you asked for it.");
-	}
-	psVector *smoothed = psVectorSmooth(NULL, reduced, overscanOpts->gauss, SMOOTH_NSIGMA);
+	psFree(ordinate);
+	psFree(mask);
+	psFree(stats);
+	return fitted;
+
+escape:
 	psFree(reduced);
-	reduced = smoothed;
-    }
-
-    // Fit the overscan, if required
-    psVector *fitted = NULL;                   // Fitted overscan values
-    switch (overscanOpts->fitType) {
-      case PM_FIT_NONE:
-	// No fitting --- that's easy.
-	fitted = psMemIncrRefCounter(reduced);
-	break;
-      case PM_FIT_POLY_ORD:
-	if (overscanOpts->poly && (overscanOpts->poly->nX != overscanOpts->order ||
-				   overscanOpts->poly->type != PS_POLYNOMIAL_ORD)) {
-	    psFree(overscanOpts->poly);
-	    overscanOpts->poly = NULL;
-	}
-	if (! overscanOpts->poly) {
-	    overscanOpts->poly = psPolynomial1DAlloc(PS_POLYNOMIAL_ORD, overscanOpts->order);
-	}
-	psVectorFitPolynomial1D(overscanOpts->poly, mask, 1, reduced, NULL, ordinate);
-	fitted = psPolynomial1DEvalVector(overscanOpts->poly, ordinate);
-	break;
-      case PM_FIT_POLY_CHEBY:
-	if (overscanOpts->poly && (overscanOpts->poly->nX != overscanOpts->order ||
-				   overscanOpts->poly->type != PS_POLYNOMIAL_CHEB)) {
-	    psFree(overscanOpts->poly);
-	    overscanOpts->poly = NULL;
-	}
-	if (! overscanOpts->poly) {
-	    overscanOpts->poly = psPolynomial1DAlloc(PS_POLYNOMIAL_CHEB, overscanOpts->order);
-	}
-	psVectorFitPolynomial1D(overscanOpts->poly, mask, 1, reduced, NULL, ordinate);
-	fitted = psPolynomial1DEvalVector(overscanOpts->poly, ordinate);
-	break;
-      case PM_FIT_SPLINE:
-
-	// XXX I don't think psSpline1D is up to scratch yet --- it has no mask, and it assumes
-	// a knot for every input point.  it needs an argument like 'number of knots' for the
-	// output spline.  EAM: still true 2023.01.22
-
-	// overscanOpts->spline = psVectorFitSpline1D(reduced, ordinate);
-	// fitted = psSpline1DEvalVector(overscanOpts->spline, ordinate);
-	psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Spline overscan fitting is broken\n");
-	break;
-      default:
-	psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, true, "Unknown value for the fitting type: %d\n", overscanOpts->fitType);
-	goto escape;
-    }
-
-    if (chi2) {
-	*chi2 = 0.0;                    // chi^2 (sort of)
-	for (int i = 0; i < reduced->n; i++) {
-	    *chi2 += PS_SQR(fitted->data.F32[i] - reduced->data.F32[i]);
-	}
-    }
-
-    psFree(reduced);
-    psFree(ordinate);
-    psFree(mask);
-    psFree(stats);
-    return fitted;
-
-escape:
-    psFree(reduced);
-    psFree(ordinate);
-    psFree(mask);
-    psFree(stats);
-    return NULL;
+	psFree(ordinate);
+	psFree(mask);
+	psFree(stats);
+	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -621,88 +703,97 @@
 // the reduced overscan vector with the 0-order element from the polynomial fit.  Not clear is
 // adding any useful information
-bool pmOverscanUpdateHeader (pmHDU *hdu, pmOverscanStatOptions *overscanOpts, float chi2) {
-
-    psString comment = NULL;    // Comment to add
-
-    switch (overscanOpts->fitType) {
-      case PM_FIT_POLY_ORD:
-      case PM_FIT_POLY_CHEBY: {
-	  psStringAppend(&comment, "Overscan fit (chi2: %.2f): ", chi2);
-	  psPolynomial1D *poly = overscanOpts->poly; // The polynomial
-	  for (int i = 0; i < poly->nX; i++) {
-	      psStringAppend(&comment, "%.1f ", poly->coeff[i]);
-	  }
-	  psMetadataAddStr(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "HISTORY", PS_META_DUPLICATE_OK, comment, "");
-	  psFree(comment);
-	  comment = NULL;
-
-	  // write metadata header value
-	  psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan value", poly->coeff[0]);
-	  psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan stdev", poly->coeffErr[0]);
-	  break;
-      }
-      case PM_FIT_SPLINE: {
-	  /*
-	    psSpline1D *spline = overscanOpts->spline; // The spline
-	    for (int i = 0; i < spline->n; i++) {
-	    psStringAppend(&comment, "Overscan fit (chi2: %.2f) %d:", chi2, i);
-	    psPolynomial1D *poly = spline->spline[i]; // i-th polynomial
-	    for (int j = 0; j < poly->nX; j++) {
-	    psStringAppend(&comment, "%.1f ", poly->coeff[i]);
-	    }
-	    psMetadataAddStr(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "HISTORY", PS_META_DUPLICATE_OK,
-	    comment, "");
-	    psFree(comment);
-	    comment = NULL;
-	    }
-	  */
-	  // write metadata header value
-	  psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE,
-			   "Overscan value", NAN);
-	  psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE,
-			   "Overscan stdev", NAN);
-	  break;
-      }
-      case PM_FIT_NONE:
-	break;
-      default:
-	psAbort("Should never get here!!!\n");
-    }
-    return true;
+bool pmOverscanUpdateHeader(pmHDU *hdu, pmOverscanStatOptions *overscanOpts, float chi2)
+{
+
+	psString comment = NULL; // Comment to add
+
+	switch (overscanOpts->fitType)
+	{
+	case PM_FIT_POLY_ORD:
+	case PM_FIT_POLY_CHEBY:
+	{
+		psStringAppend(&comment, "Overscan fit (chi2: %.2f): ", chi2);
+		psPolynomial1D *poly = overscanOpts->poly; // The polynomial
+		for (int i = 0; i < poly->nX; i++)
+		{
+			psStringAppend(&comment, "%.1f ", poly->coeff[i]);
+		}
+		psMetadataAddStr(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "HISTORY", PS_META_DUPLICATE_OK, comment, "");
+		psFree(comment);
+		comment = NULL;
+
+		// write metadata header value
+		psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan value", poly->coeff[0]);
+		psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan stdev", poly->coeffErr[0]);
+		break;
+	}
+	case PM_FIT_SPLINE:
+	{
+		/*
+		  psSpline1D *spline = overscanOpts->spline; // The spline
+		  for (int i = 0; i < spline->n; i++) {
+		  psStringAppend(&comment, "Overscan fit (chi2: %.2f) %d:", chi2, i);
+		  psPolynomial1D *poly = spline->spline[i]; // i-th polynomial
+		  for (int j = 0; j < poly->nX; j++) {
+		  psStringAppend(&comment, "%.1f ", poly->coeff[i]);
+		  }
+		  psMetadataAddStr(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "HISTORY", PS_META_DUPLICATE_OK,
+		  comment, "");
+		  psFree(comment);
+		  comment = NULL;
+		  }
+		*/
+		// write metadata header value
+		psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE,
+						 "Overscan value", NAN);
+		psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE,
+						 "Overscan stdev", NAN);
+		break;
+	}
+	case PM_FIT_NONE:
+		break;
+	default:
+		psAbort("Should never get here!!!\n");
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
 // generate stats of overscan vector for header
 // reduced: 1D vector with overscan stats
-bool pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector (pmReadout *input, pmHDU *hdu, pmOverscanOptions *overscanOpts, psVector *reduced) {
-
-    psString comment = NULL;    // Comment to add
-    psStats *vectorStats = psStatsAlloc (PS_STAT_SAMPLE_MEAN | PS_STAT_SAMPLE_STDEV);
-    if (!psVectorStats (vectorStats, reduced, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
-	psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to measure stats");
-	return false;
-    }
-    psStringAppend(&comment, "Mean Overscan value: %f", vectorStats->sampleMean);
-    psMetadataAddStr(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "HISTORY", PS_META_DUPLICATE_OK, comment, "");
-    psFree(comment);
-
-    // write metadata header value
-    psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan mean", vectorStats->sampleMean);
-    psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan stdev", vectorStats->sampleStdev);
-
-    // EAM 2022.03.29 : if the calculated overscan value is below the threshold,
-    // declare the readout dead and mask
-	  
-    if ((vectorStats->sampleMean < overscanOpts->minValid) || (vectorStats->sampleMean > overscanOpts->maxValid)) {
-	fprintf (stderr, "bad overscan (2) %f, masking readout\n", vectorStats->sampleMean);
-	psImage *mask = input->mask;
-	for (int y = 0; y < mask->numRows; y++) {
-	    for (int x = 0; x < mask->numCols; x++) {
-		mask->data.PS_TYPE_IMAGE_MASK_DATA[y][x] |= overscanOpts->maskVal;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-
-    psFree (vectorStats);
-    return true;
+bool pmOverscanUpdateHeaderVector(pmReadout *input, pmHDU *hdu, pmOverscanOptions *overscanOpts, psVector *reduced)
+{
+
+	psString comment = NULL; // Comment to add
+	psStats *vectorStats = psStatsAlloc(PS_STAT_SAMPLE_MEAN | PS_STAT_SAMPLE_STDEV);
+	if (!psVectorStats(vectorStats, reduced, NULL, NULL, 0))
+	{
+		psError(PS_ERR_UNKNOWN, false, "failure to measure stats");
+		return false;
+	}
+	psStringAppend(&comment, "Mean Overscan value: %f", vectorStats->sampleMean);
+	psMetadataAddStr(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "HISTORY", PS_META_DUPLICATE_OK, comment, "");
+	psFree(comment);
+
+	// write metadata header value
+	psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_VAL", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan mean", vectorStats->sampleMean);
+	psMetadataAddF32(hdu->header, PS_LIST_TAIL, "OVER_SIG", PS_META_REPLACE, "Overscan stdev", vectorStats->sampleStdev);
+
+	// EAM 2022.03.29 : if the calculated overscan value is below the threshold,
+	// declare the readout dead and mask
+
+	if ((vectorStats->sampleMean < overscanOpts->minValid) || (vectorStats->sampleMean > overscanOpts->maxValid))
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, "bad overscan (2) %f, masking readout\n", vectorStats->sampleMean);
+		psImage *mask = input->mask;
+		for (int y = 0; y < mask->numRows; y++)
+		{
+			for (int x = 0; x < mask->numCols; x++)
+			{
+				mask->data.PS_TYPE_IMAGE_MASK_DATA[y][x] |= overscanOpts->maskVal;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	psFree(vectorStats);
+	return true;
 }
-
