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Changeset 40696 for trunk


Ignore:
Timestamp:
Apr 16, 2019, 8:21:43 AM (7 years ago)
Author:
eugene
Message:

some cleanups

File:
1 edited

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  • trunk/doc/release.2015/ps1.datasystem/datasystem.tex

    r40613 r40696  
    1 % \documentclass[preprint2]{emulateapj} % works for 2-column
    21\documentclass[iop,floatfix]{emulateapj}
    3 % \documentclass[iop,floatfix,onecolumn]{emulateapj}
    4 % \documentclass[12pt,preprint]{aastex}
    52% \documentclass[10pt,preprint]{aastex} % use for 1-column
    6 % \documentclass[preprint]{aastex}
    73% \pdfoutput=1
    84
    95%\RequirePackage{deluxetable} -- included by aastex?
    10 %\RequirePackage{nsfprop} % defines \subsubsubsection but breaks 2-col
    116\RequirePackage{color}
    127\RequirePackage{code}
     
    1510\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}% (2) specify encoding
    1611
     12% these options allow the code to swap between figure types & versions:
     13
    1714% online version may use color, but print version needs b/w
    1815\def\plotmode{col}
     
    2219\def\plotext{ps}
    2320
    24 %\def\picdir{/home/eugene/chipresid.20140404}
    25 \def\picdir{/data/pikake.2/eugene/chipresid.20140404}
     21\def\picdir{figures}
    2622
    2723% Pick a terse version of the title here;
     
    232228to reduce this large number of exposures. 
    233229
    234 % Finally,
    235 % Section~\ref{sec:discussion} presents a discussion of some of the
    236 % lessons learned in the creation of the IPP, and its utility in
    237 % reducing data from other cameras and telescopes.
    238 
    239 %% {\color{red} {\em Note: These papers are being placed on arXiv.org to
    240 %%     provide crucial support information at the time of the public
    241 %%     release of Data Release 1 (DR1). We expect the arXiv versions to
    242 %%     be updated prior to submission to the Astrophysical Journal in
    243 %%     January 2017. Feedback and suggestions for additional information
    244 %%     from early users of the data products are welcome during the
    245 %%     submission and refereeing process.}}
    246 
    247230\section{Overview of Pan-STARRS Data Processing}
    248231\label{sec:overview}
     
    277260  ingests the calibrated measurements from the IPP, MOPS, and others
    278261  and generates a high-availability database with web-based
    279   interactions for public consumption \citep[][]{flewelling2017}.
     262  interactions for public consumption (Paper VI).
    280263
    281264\end{itemize}
     
    301284emphasis on the analysis, calibration, and database ingest stages.
    302285The MOPS is described in detail by \cite{2013PASP..125..357D}.
    303 
    304 % the summit systems are described by \note{REF?}.
    305286
    306287\begin{figure*}[htbp]
     
    361342Petrosian aperture photometry, etc).  The results of the stack
    362343photometry analysis are used to drive a forced-photometry analysis of
    363 the warp images.  These analysis steps are discussed in detail by
    364 \citet[][]{magnier2017.analysis}.  The data products from the camera,
    365 stack, and forced-warp photometry analysis stages are ingested into
    366 the internal calibration database (DVO, the Desktop Virtual
    367 Observatory) and used for photometric and astrometric calibrations
    368 \citet[see Section~\ref{sec:DVO} and][]{magnier2017.calibration}.
     344the warp images.  These analysis steps are discussed in detail in
     345Paper IV.  The data products from the camera, stack, and forced-warp
     346photometry analysis stages are ingested into the internal calibration
     347database (DVO, the Desktop Virtual Observatory) and used for
     348photometric and astrometric calibrations (see Section~\ref{sec:DVO}
     349and Paper V).
    369350
    370351\subsection{Data Access and Distribution}
     
    384365(PV1 \& PV2), the data were ingested into the PSPS database system and
    385366made available to the PS1SC community through a web portal based at
    386 the IfA as well as the MAST portal \citep[see][for full
    387   details]{flewelling2017}.
     367the IfA as well as the MAST portal (see Paper VI for full details).
    388368
    389369\section{IPP Data Processing Stages}
     
    401381\hline
    402382{\bf Stage} & {\bf Primary Table} & {\bf Secondary Table(s)} & {\bf Key} \\% & {\bf Notes} \\
    403 %%D \begin{deluxetable}{llll}
    404 %%D   \tablecolumns{5}
    405 %%D   \tablewidth{0pc}
    406 %%D   \tablecaption{GPC1 Database Schema Outline}
    407 %%D   \tablehead{\colhead{Stage} & \colhead{Primary Table} & \colhead{Secondary Table} & \colhead{Key}} % & \colhead{Notes}}
    408 %%D   \startdata
    409 %\hline
    410383  \ippstage{summitcopy}   & \ippdbtable{pzDataStore}  &                                  & \\% & Lists locations to check for new exposures.\\
    411384                          & \ippdbtable{summitExp}    & \ippdbtable{summitImfile}        & \ippdbcolumn{summit_id} \\% & Exposures available at the telescope.\\
     
    445418                          & \ippdbtable{lapRun}       & \ippdbtable{lapExp}              & \ippdbcolumn{lap_id} \\% & \\
    446419  \ippstage{remote}       & \ippdbtable{remoteRun}    & \ippdbtable{remoteComponent}     & \ippdbcolumn{remote_id} \\% & \\
    447 %%D \enddata
    448420\hline
    449421\end{tabular}
    450422\label{tab:database_schema}
    451 %%D \end{deluxetable}
    452423\end{center}
    453424\end{table*}
     
    602573For GPC1, the \ippstage{registration} stage is also the stage at which
    603574the \ippprog{burntool} analysis is run.  This analysis is more
    604 completely described in \citet{waters2017}.  In brief, the
     575completely described in Paper III.  In brief, the
    605576\ippprog{burntool} program identifies bright sources on the image, and
    606577identifies persistence trails that result from the incomplete transfer
     
    653624not been as critical of a requirement as originally expected.
    654625
    655 %% In the \ippstage{chip} stage,
    656 %% the individual OTA image files are processed independently in parallel
    657 %% within the data processing cluster.  \note{move this to kihei
    658 %%   discussion?} Within the processing computer cluster, most of the
    659 %% data storage resources are in the form of computers with large raids
    660 %% as well as substantial processing capability.  The processing system
    661 %% attempts to locate one copy of specific raw registered data on
    662 %% pre-defined computers that have been set as storage targets for that
    663 %% OTA.  The processing system is aware of this data localization and
    664 %% attempts to target the processing for each OTA to the machine on which
    665 %% the data for that detector is stored.  The output products are then
    666 %% primarily saved back to the same machine.  This ``targetted'' processing
    667 %% was an early design choice to minimize the system wide network load
    668 %% during processing.  In practice, as computer disks filled up at
    669 %% different rates, the data has not been localized to a very high
    670 %% degree. 
    671 
    672626The actual image processing is performed by the \ippprog{ppImage}
    673627program.  This program reads the raw data into memory and applies the
    674 detrend corrections \citep[see][]{waters2017} to each cell in the OTA
    675 (stored as different extensions in the FITS file format), and then
    676 mosaics the cells into a single contiguous \ippstage{chip} stage
    677 image.  This step also creates in memory additional images to hold the
    678 mask data, which indicates which pixels may not be valid, and the
    679 variance image, constructed as the Poissonian noise on the number of
    680 electrons detected based on the original pixel value and the detector
    681 gain.  A background model is then fit across the image and subtracted
    682 to remove the expected contribution from the sky
    683 \citep[see][]{waters2017} for details.
     628detrend corrections (see Paper III) to each cell in the OTA (stored as
     629different extensions in the FITS file format), and then mosaics the
     630cells into a single contiguous \ippstage{chip} stage image.  This step
     631also creates in memory additional images to hold the mask data, which
     632indicates which pixels may not be valid, and the variance image,
     633constructed as the Poissonian noise on the number of electrons
     634detected based on the original pixel value and the detector gain.  A
     635background model is then fit across the image and subtracted to remove
     636the expected contribution from the sky (see Paper III for details).
    684637
    685638With the image calibration procedure finished, object identification
     
    689642this analysis, removing the need to write out and re-read the image
    690643data.  The details of the detection and characterization of the
    691 sources in the image are provided in \citet{magnier2017.analysis}. 
     644sources in the image are provided in Paper IV.
    692645
    693646The results of the image processing are then written to disk,
     
    715668in which case an entry for this exposure is added to the \ippdbtable{camRun}
    716669table, and processing continues.
    717 
    718 %% The \ippstage{chip} processing stage consists of: reading the raw image into
    719 %% memory, applying the detrending steps \citep[see][]{waters2017},
    720 %% stiching the individual OTA cells into a single chip image, detection
    721 %% and characterization of the sources in the image
    722 %% \citep[see][]{magnier2017b}, and output of the various data products.
    723 %% These include the detrended chip image, variance image, and mask
    724 %% image, as well as the FITS catalog of detected sources.  The PSF model
    725 %% and background model are also saved, along with a processing log.  A
    726 %% selection of summary metadata describing the processing results are
    727 %% saved and written to the processing database along with the completion
    728 %% status of the process.  Finally, binned chip images are generated (on
    729 %% two scales, binned by 16 and 256 pixels) for use in the visualization
    730 %% system of the processing monitor tool. \note{describe elsewhere?}
    731 
    732 %% The database structure for the \stage{chip} stage mimics that of raw
    733 %% data, with a \ippdbtable{chipRun} characterizing the processing of a
    734 %% single exposure, mapping to a set of \ippdbtable{chipProcessedImfile}
    735 %% entries for each OTA via a common \ippdbcolumn{chip_id}. 
    736670
    737671\subsection{Camera Calibration}
     
    755689to help guarantee a solution in the case of a modest pointing error.
    756690The guess astrometry is used to match the reference catalog to the
    757 observed stellar positions in the focal plane coordinate system
    758 \citep[see][]{magnier2017.calibration}.  Early on in the PS1SC
    759 mission, the nightly processing (PV0) used a reference catalog based
    760 on a combination of external catalogs (2MASS, Tycho, USNO).  Later,
    761 reference catalogs based on Pan-STARRS data was used.  For the $3\pi$ PV3 analysis,
    762 the reference catalog was based on Pan-STARRS data from the PV2
    763 analysis \citep[see][for more details]{magnier2017.calibration}.
     691observed stellar positions in the focal plane coordinate system.
     692Early on in the PS1SC mission, the nightly processing (PV0) used a
     693reference catalog based on a combination of external catalogs (2MASS,
     694Tycho, USNO).  Later, reference catalogs based on Pan-STARRS data was
     695used.  For the $3\pi$ PV3 analysis, the reference catalog was based on
     696Pan-STARRS data from the PV2 analysis (see Paper V for more details).
    764697
    765698Once an acceptable match is found, the astrometric calibration of the
     
    787720so a fixed color transformation is used to generate synthetic w-band
    788721photometry from the \rps\ \& \ips\ photometry.  For more details, see
    789 \cite{magnier2017.calibration}.  The result of these calibrations is
    790 stored as a single multi-extension FITS table containing the results
    791 from each OTA as a separate extension.
     722Paper V.  The result of these calibrations is stored as a single
     723multi-extension FITS table containing the results from each OTA as a
     724separate extension.
    792725
    793726In addition to the astrometric and photometric calibrations, the
     
    884817\ippstage{chip} stage images (including the variance images and the
    885818updated masks) to the \ippprog{pswarp} program.  For details on the
    886 warping algorithm, see \cite{waters2017}.  The outputs of this program
     819warping algorithm, see Paper III.  The outputs of this program
    887820are the geometrically transformed images (signal, variance, and mask)
    888821containing all input pixels warped to the common skycell pixel grid,
     
    892825extraction tools at the MAST archive at STScI as part of the DR2 data
    893826release.
    894 
    895 %% A catalog is
    896 %% also generated containing the locations of sources from the input
    897 %% catalog that fall within area of the \ippstage{warp}.
    898827
    899828When the \ippstage{warp} jobs have completed, an entry for the skycell
     
    928857generated for the nightly groups and for the full depth using all
    929858exposures, producing ``deep stacks''.  In addition, a ``best seeing''
    930 set of stacks have been produced using image quality cuts described by
    931 \citet[][Paper VII]{huber2017}.  We have also generated out-of-season
    932 stacks for the Medium Deep fields, in which all images {\em not} from a
    933 particular observing season for a field are combined into a stack.
    934 These later stacks are useful as deep templates when studying
    935 long-term transient events in the Medium Deep fields as they are not
    936 (or less) contaminated by the flux of the transients from a given
    937 season.
     859set of stacks have been produced using image quality cuts described in
     860Paper VII.  We have also generated out-of-season stacks for the Medium
     861Deep fields, in which all images {\em not} from a particular observing
     862season for a field are combined into a stack.  These later stacks are
     863useful as deep templates when studying long-term transient events in
     864the Medium Deep fields as they are not (or less) contaminated by the
     865flux of the transients from a given season.
    938866
    939867When a given set of \ippstage{stack} stage processing is defined,
     
    951879and catalogs to the \ippprog{ppStack} program, which performs the
    952880image combinations.  Input warps are combined based on a weighting
    953 defined by the median variance for each image; see~\cite{waters2017}
     881defined by the median variance for each image; see~Paper III
    954882for details on the stack combination algorithm.  In addition to the
    955883standard image, mask, and variance produced at other stages,
     
    987915The input images are passed to the \ippprog{psphotStack} program which
    988916does the analysis.  The stack photometry algorithms are described in
    989 detail in \cite{magnier2017.analysis}.  In short, sources are detected
    990 in all 5 filter images down to the $5\sigma$ significance.  The
    991 collection of detected sources is merged into a single master list.
    992 If a source is detected in at least two bands, or only in \yps{} band,
    993 then a PSF model is fitted to the pixels of the other bands in which
    994 the source was not detected.  This forced photometry results in lower
    995 significance measurements of the flux at the positions of objects
    996 which are thought to be real sources, by virtue of triggering a
    997 detection in at least two bands.  The relaxed limit for \yps{} band is
    998 included to allow for searches of \yps{} dropout objects: it is known
    999 that faint, high-redshift quasars may be detected in \yps{} band only.
    1000 Sources detected only in \yps{} band are therefore more likely to have
    1001 a higher false-positive rate than the other stack sources.  The
     917detail in Paper IV.  In short, sources are detected in all 5 filter
     918images down to the $5\sigma$ significance.  The collection of detected
     919sources is merged into a single master list.  If a source is detected
     920in at least two bands, or only in \yps{} band, then a PSF model is
     921fitted to the pixels of the other bands in which the source was not
     922detected.  This forced photometry results in lower significance
     923measurements of the flux at the positions of objects which are thought
     924to be real sources, by virtue of triggering a detection in at least
     925two bands.  The relaxed limit for \yps{} band is included to allow for
     926searches of \yps{} dropout objects: it is known that faint,
     927high-redshift quasars may be detected in \yps{} band only.  Sources
     928detected only in \yps{} band are therefore more likely to have a
     929higher false-positive rate than the other stack sources.  The
    1002930parameters of the PSF model are allowed to vary with position in the
    1003931skycell.  The PSF model is also used to convolve the analytical galaxy
     
    10851013in question is large compared to the FWHM of the PSF.
    10861014
    1087 %% The IPP team initially explored the option of convolving each input
    1088 %% warp to a single target PSF chosen to match the worst of the input
    1089 %% images for a given stack. 
    1090 
    10911015The IPP analysis solves this problem by using the sources
    10921016detected in the stack images and performing forced photometry on the
     
    11091033stage image products along with the \ippstage{skycal} catalog to the
    11101034\ippprog{psphotFullForce} program.
    1111 
    1112 %% In this program, the positions of sources are loaded from the input
    1113 %% catalog.  PSF stars are pre-identified from the stack image and a PSF
    1114 %% model generated for each \ippstage{warp} image based on those stars,
    1115 %% using the same stars for all warps to the extent possible (PSF stars
    1116 %% which are excessively masked on a particular image are not used to
    1117 %% model the PSF).  The PSF model is fitted to all of the known source
    1118 %% positions in the warp images.  Aperture magnitudes, Kron magnitudes,
    1119 %% and moments are also measured at this stage for each warp.  Note that
    1120 %% the flux measurement for a faint, but significant, source from the
    1121 %% stack image may be at a low significance (less than the $5\sigma$
    1122 %% criterion used when the photometry is not run in this forced mode) in
    1123 %% any individual warp image; the flux may even be negative for specific
    1124 %% warps.  When combined together, these low-significance measurements
    1125 %% will result in a signficant measurement as the signal-to-noise
    1126 %% increases by the square root of the number of measurements.  The
    1127 %% individual warp measurements are combined together to generate
    1128 %% averages values within DVO.
    11291035
    11301036The convolved galaxy models are also re-measured on the
     
    11801086images, from a \ippstage{warp} and a \ippstage{stack} of some variety,
    11811087or from a pair of \ippstage{stack} stage images.  During the PS1
    1182 survey, pairs of exposures, called TTI pairs \citep[see Survey
    1183   Strategy in][]{chambers2017}, were obtained for each pointing within
    1184 a $\approx$ 1 hour period in the same filter, and to the extent
    1185 possible with the same orientation and boresite position.  The
    1186 standard PS1 nightly processing generated difference images from the
    1187 resulting pairs of \ippstage{warp} images.  The nightly processing
    1188 generated \ippstage{stack} images for the Medium Deep fields, and
    1189 these were combined with a template reference \ippstage{stack} image
    1190 to generate ``stack-stack diffs'' each night they were observed.  For
    1191 the PV3 $3\pi$ processing, the entire collection of \ippstage{warp}
    1192 stage images for the survey were combined with images generated by the
     1088survey, pairs of exposures, called TTI pairs (see Survey Strategy in
     1089Paper I), were obtained for each pointing within a $\approx$ 1 hour
     1090period in the same filter, and to the extent possible with the same
     1091orientation and boresite position.  The standard PS1 nightly
     1092processing generated difference images from the resulting pairs of
     1093\ippstage{warp} images.  The nightly processing generated
     1094\ippstage{stack} images for the Medium Deep fields, and these were
     1095combined with a template reference \ippstage{stack} image to generate
     1096``stack-stack diffs'' each night they were observed.  For the PV3
     1097$3\pi$ processing, the entire collection of \ippstage{warp} stage
     1098images for the survey were combined with images generated by the
    11931099\ippstage{stack} processing to generate ``warp-stack diffs'', for
    11941100eventual public released.
     
    12211127(flux in the minuend is higher than the subtrahend) or as a negative
    12221128source (flux in the subtrahend is higher).  The algorithm used for PSF
    1223 matching is described in \citet{waters2017}.  Upon completion of these
     1129matching is described in Paper III.  Upon completion of these
    12241130jobs, statistics about the processing are written to an entry in the
    12251131\ippdbtable{diffSkyfile} table.  An \ippmisc{advance} checks for the
     
    12561162Table~\ref{tab:DVO_schema} lists the full collection of database
    12571163tables used by DVO.
    1258 
    1259 %Figure~\ref{fig:DVO_schema}
    1260 %illustrates the schematic relationship between these types of
    1261 %measurements.
    12621164
    12631165In the most basic implementation, a collection of measurements for
     
    12741176measurements and a many-to-one relationship between the measurements
    12751177and the derived astronomical objects.
    1276 
    1277 %
    1278 %% These tables fall into one of several classes:
    1279 %% those which store information about the average properties of
    1280 %% astronomical objects; those which store information about individual
    1281 %% measurements; those which store information about the images; those
    1282 %% which store supporting information (metadata).
    1283 
    1284 %% DVO includes two major classes of database tables: those containing
    1285 %% information about astronomical objects in the sky and those containing
    1286 %% other supporting information.  The object-related tables are
    1287 %% partitioned on the basis of position in the sky: objects within a
    1288 %% region bounded by lines of constant RA,DEC are contained in a specific
    1289 %% file.  The boundaries and the associated partition names are stored in
    1290 %% one of the supporting tables, \ippdbtable{SkyTable}.  This table
    1291 %% contains the definitions of the boundaries for each sky region
    1292 %% (\ippdbcolumn{R_MIN}, \ippdbcolumn{R_MAX}, \ippdbcolumn{D_MIN},
    1293 %% \ippdbcolumn{D_MAX}), the name of the sky region, an ID
    1294 %% (\ippdbcolumn{INDEX}, equal to the sequence number of the region in
    1295 %% the table), and index entries to enable navigation within the table.
    1296 %% The regions are defined in a hierarchical sense, with a series of
    1297 %% levels each containing a finer mesh of regions covering the sky.
    12981178
    12991179\subsubsection{DVO Schema}
     
    14261306magnitude.  While these photometric distance modulus measurements are
    14271307not extremely precise, they provide a constraint on the distance which
    1428 is used in our analysis of the astrometry
    1429 \citep[see][]{magnier2017.calibration}.
    1430 
    1431 %% Similarly to the \ippdbtable{Measure} table, the fields
    1432 %% \ippdbcolumn{objID}, \ippdbcolumn{catID}, and \ippdbcolumn{averef}
    1433 %% define links from the \ippdbtable{Lensing} table to the
    1434 %% \ippdbtable{Average} table.  In a similar fashion, the fields
    1435 %% \ippdbtable{Average}.\ippdbcolumn{lensingOffset} and
    1436 %% \ippdbtable{Average}.\ippdbcolumn{Nlensing} are the index into the
    1437 %% sorted \ippdbtable{Lensing} table entries.  \note{discuss failure of
    1438 %%   the Lensing to Measure indexing}
    1439 
    1440 % \note{Average used above but defined below}
     1308is used in our analysis of the astrometry (see Paper V).
    14411309
    14421310\paragraph{Object Tables}
     
    15301398across the different IPP stages.
    15311399
    1532 %% Data from GPC1 (and other cameras processed by the IPP) are loaded
    1533 %% into DVO in units \code{smf} files generated by the \ippstage{camera}
    1534 %% calibration stage (see section \ref{sec:camera} below).  As
    1535 %% described above, these files contain all measurements from a complete
    1536 %% exposure, with measurements from each chip grouped into separate FITS
    1537 %% tables.  When these measurements are loaded into the
    1538 %% \ippdbtable{Measure} and similar tables,
    1539 
    15401400\paragraph{Other Tables}
    15411401
     
    15441404determined by the photometry calibration analysis and the astrometric
    15451405flat-field corrections determined by the astrometry calibration
    1546 analysis \citep[see][]{magnier2017.calibration}.
     1406analysis (see Paper V).
    15471407
    15481408\subsubsection{Sky Partition}
     
    16861546allows valid joins between tables to select the different kinds of
    16871547attributes of the same astronomical objects.  This 64-bit integer ID
    1688 is constructed based on the coordinates of the object, as described by
    1689 \cite[][]{flewelling2017}.  In short, the digits of the right
     1548is constructed based on the coordinates of the object, as described in
     1549Paper VI.  In short, the digits of the right
    16901550ascension and declination coordinates are used to define a single
    1691155164-bit integer with spatial resolution of roughly 3 milliarcseconds.
     
    17611621Upon completion of the processing of each stage, the results of the
    17621622photometry analysis are stored in a large number of individual catalog
    1763 files as described in \cite{magnier2017.analysis}.  The data from
    1764 these files are loaded into a DVO database to define the astronomical
    1765 objects and to allow for calibration analysis.  The program which
    1766 loads the data into the DVO database is called \ippprog{addstar}, and
    1767 is associated with the the \ippstage{addstar} processing stage.  The
    1768 measurement catalogs generated by the \ippstage{camera},
    1769 \ippstage{skycal}, \ippstage{fullforce}, and \ippstage{diff} stages
    1770 are loaded into DVOs in this fashion, although not every measurement
    1771 in each catalog are included in the master DVO that is constructed.
    1772 For a particular re-processing version, a single master DVO is
    1773 constructed for the positive image stages (\ippstage{camera},
    1774 \ippstage{skycal}, \ippstage{fullforce}) and a separate one is
    1775 constructed for the difference image analysis stage results.
     1623files as described in Paper IV.  The data from these files are loaded
     1624into a DVO database to define the astronomical objects and to allow
     1625for calibration analysis.  The program which loads the data into the
     1626DVO database is called \ippprog{addstar}, and is associated with the
     1627the \ippstage{addstar} processing stage.  The measurement catalogs
     1628generated by the \ippstage{camera}, \ippstage{skycal},
     1629\ippstage{fullforce}, and \ippstage{diff} stages are loaded into DVOs
     1630in this fashion, although not every measurement in each catalog are
     1631included in the master DVO that is constructed.  For a particular
     1632re-processing version, a single master DVO is constructed for the
     1633positive image stages (\ippstage{camera}, \ippstage{skycal},
     1634\ippstage{fullforce}) and a separate one is constructed for the
     1635difference image analysis stage results.
    17761636
    17771637The construction of the master DVO is performed in a hierarchical
     
    18181678Once the master DVO database has been constructed, high-quality
    18191679astrometric and photometric calibrations can be calculated.  The
    1820 details of the calibration analysis are discussed in
    1821 \cite{magnier2017.calibration}.  We present a brief summary here.
     1680details of the calibration analysis are discussed in Paper V.  We
     1681present a brief summary here.
    18221682
    18231683Astrometric calibration consists of measuring and correcting
     
    18321692a function of position in the camera (essentially an astrometric
    18331693flat-field correction), as a function of the brightness of the star
    1834 (the so-called Koppenh\"offer effect, see~\citealt{magnier2017.calibration}), and as
     1694(the so-called Koppenh\"ofer effect, see~Paper V), and as
    18351695a function of airmass and color (differential chromatic refraction).
    18361696Once the systematic errors have been measured, they are applied back
     
    18651725the Medium Deep fields.
    18661726
    1867 %%  (listed in Table~\ref{tab:flat-field-seasons}) XXX add this table
    1868 
    18691727After the \"ubercal analysis of the photometric periods is completed,
    18701728the determined zero points, airmass corrections, and flat-field terms
     
    18841742flat-field correction addresses photometric variations due to spatial
    18851743variations in the PSF due to the optics and low-level effects on the
    1886 chips \citep[see][]{magnier2017.calibration}.  After the systematic corrections
     1744chips (see Paper V).  After the systematic corrections
    18871745have been determined and applied back to the database, a final
    18881746relative photometry analysis pass is performed.
     
    18981756database starts once the PS1 photometry and astrometry measurements
    18991757have been calibrated within the DVO system.  The construction takes
    1900 place in several stages, described in detail by \cite{flewelling2017}.
     1758place in several stages, described in detail in Paper VI.
    19011759We summarize those steps here.
    19021760
     
    21482006\end{figure}
    21492007
    2150 %\code{ls /tmp}
    2151 
    21522008\subsubsection{Pantasks scripts: ippTasks}
    21532009
     
    21942050\ippmisc{DONE}, and removes them from the book, as these represent
    21952051jobs that have finished.
    2196 
    2197 % \note{the manipulation above takes place in the task.exit subscript}
    21982052
    21992053The associated \ippmisc{run} task generates jobs constructed from the
     
    23422196used for the warp tessellation.  A \ippdbcolumn{projection_cell} is a
    23432197unit of sky defined to be a square four degrees on each side which has
    2344 a single tangent plane projection \citep[][see]{waters2017}.
     2198a single tangent plane projection (Paper III).
    23452199Once this
    23462200entry is defined, it is populated with all exposures (stored in the
     
    24202274data to that instance.
    24212275
    2422 % The basic user commands to interact
    2423 % with Nebulous are to 1) create a new storage object and associated
    2424 % instance; 2) add a new instance to an existing storage object; 3)
    2425 % remove (cull) an instance; 4) delete a storage object; and 5) find a
    2426 % file associated with a given storage objects.  Note that these user
    2427 % commands do not affect the files on disk \note{true for cull?}
    2428 % (exception: the create function will create an empty file if one does
    2429 % not exist).  They only change the state of the Nebulous database; it
    2430 % is the responsibility of the user program to read and write data to a
    2431 % file and to create the copies, etc.
    2432 
    24332276For the Nebulous users, the identifier of a storage object is a unique
    24342277string with the form of a UNIX file path: e.g. a/b/c/file.  When a
     
    25472390Requests to this server may restrict to the latest by time.  Each row
    25482391in the listing includes basic information about the exposure: an
    2549 exposure identifier \citep[e.g., o5432g0123o; see][for
    2550   details]{chambers2017}, the date and time of the exposure, the
    2551 telescope commanded pointing, the filter and exposure time, and the
    2552 observation comment for that exposure.  The row also provides a link
    2553 to a listing of the chips associated with that exposure.  This listing
    2554 includes a link to the individual chip FITS files as well as an md5
    2555 checksum.  Systems which are allowed access may download the raw chip
    2556 FITS files via http requests to the provided links.
    2557 
    2558 % \note{add a discussion of gpc1 filenames?}
     2392exposure identifier (e.g., o5432g0123o; see Paper I for details), the
     2393date and time of the exposure, the telescope commanded pointing, the
     2394filter and exposure time, and the observation comment for that
     2395exposure.  The row also provides a link to a listing of the chips
     2396associated with that exposure.  This listing includes a link to the
     2397individual chip FITS files as well as an md5 checksum.  Systems which
     2398are allowed access may download the raw chip FITS files via http
     2399requests to the provided links.
    25592400
    25602401The IPP also uses datastores to provide access to its own data
     
    26662507isolation of source objects is included, providing the organization of
    26672508detections that is used in the \ippprog{psphot} photometry analysis
    2668 \citep{magnier2017.analysis}.  The PSF matching required for \ippstage{stack}
    2669 and \ippstage{diff} stage image combinations is as well.  The
    2670 unification of configuration options between config files on disk and
    2671 the options specified on the command line is handled by
    2672 \ippmisc{psModules} functions, as is the construction of data
    2673 structures in memory to represent the astronomical camera based on the
    2674 header information in the input file.  The functions to generate and
    2675 apply the detrend corrections to the data are also provided by this
    2676 library.
     2509(Paper IV).  The PSF matching required for \ippstage{stack} and
     2510\ippstage{diff} stage image combinations is as well.  The unification
     2511of configuration options between config files on disk and the options
     2512specified on the command line is handled by \ippmisc{psModules}
     2513functions, as is the construction of data structures in memory to
     2514represent the astronomical camera based on the header information in
     2515the input file.  The functions to generate and apply the detrend
     2516corrections to the data are also provided by this library.
    26772517
    26782518\section{IPP Hardware Systems}
     
    26882528by the University of Hawaii.  This site was chosen based on the
    26892529original development funding provided by the Air Force Research Labs
    2690 \citep[see][for more details]{chambers2017}.  Once the Air Force
    2691 funding stopped being a significant driver for Pan-STARRS, the cluster was
    2692 physically moved from the MHPCC to a similar nearby computing center
    2693 located at the Maui Research and Technology Center.
     2530(see Paper I for more details).  Once the Air Force funding stopped
     2531being a significant driver for Pan-STARRS, the cluster was physically
     2532moved from the MHPCC to a similar nearby computing center located at
     2533the Maui Research and Technology Center.
    26942534
    26952535The computing cluster is comprised of three main types of computers,
     
    27922632\end{table*}
    27932633
    2794 %%\begin{deluxetable}{lcc}
    2795 %%  \tablecolumns{3}
    2796 %%  \tablewidth{0pc}
    2797 %%  \tablecaption{Cost values for remote processing}
    2798 %%  \tablehead{\colhead{IPP Stage}&\colhead{$t_\mathrm{task}$ (s)}&\colhead{$S_\mathrm{task}$}}
    2799 %%  \startdata
    2800 %%  \ippstage{chip} & 150 & 2 \\
    2801 %%  \ippstage{camera} & 1700 & 2 \\
    2802 %%  \ippstage{warp} & 110 & 2 \\
    2803 %%  \ippstage{stack} & 1500 & 6 \\
    2804 %%  \ippstage{staticsky} & 7200 & 6 \\
    2805 %%%  \ippstage{diff} & 300 & 2 \\
    2806 %%  \ippstage{fullforce} & 300 & 2
    2807 %%  \enddata
    2808 %%  \label{tab:SC processing parameters}
    2809 %%\end{deluxetable}
    2810 
    28112634Once the preparation for the job is complete, the input and output
    28122635file lists, the task list, and the job control file are transferred
     
    28682691994,890 runs processed there.
    28692692
     2693%% add a discussion of lessons-learned?
     2694
    28702695\section{Conclusion}
    28712696
     
    29052730\input{datasystem.bbl}
    29062731
    2907 % \appendix
    2908 
    2909 % Table \ref{tab: database schema} provides a list of a majority of the
    2910 % tables in the GPC1 database schema.  Tables that have been excluded
    2911 % are either no longer used in IPP processing, or are used for rare
    2912 % reductions that were not used for the PV3 data release.  The tables
    2913 % are grouped into stages, with the primary table and any secondary
    2914 % tables for that stage listed together, along with the primary key
    2915 % column that link the tables together.
    2916 
    29172732\end{document}
    29182733
     2734% this is a 'deluxetable' version of table 1
    29192735\begin{center}
    29202736\begin{deluxetable}{lllll}
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